Module
4 Which
English
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
一、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句，说明动作或者状态的特征，或对某特征做补充说明。状语一般由副词、介词短语、名词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的短语来担当。一般放在句末，也可放在句首或句中。
成分
作用
例句
名词作状语
today，tomorrow，last
month
等表示时间的词或短语。
Tomorrow
I
am
going
to
swim.明天我要去游泳。
介词作状语
介词by，within，for，in等表示时间、地点、原因或条件等意义。
My
parents
often
tell
us
about
their
bitter
life
in
the
past.我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。Please
come
here
in
the
evening.请晚上来这儿。He
wrote
with
a
red
pencil.他用红铅笔写的。
副词作状语
very，far
away表示程度，far
away表示距离。
He
likes
the
film
very
much.他非常喜欢这部电影。I
live
far
away
from
my
school.我住的地方离学校很远。
不定式作状语
表示目的或原因。
He
went
to
see
a
film.他看电影去了。My
father
was
surprised
to
hear
the
news.我父亲听到这个消息感到惊奇。
现在分词作状语
表示伴随状况。
He
sat
there
reading
a
novel.他坐在那儿看小说。The
students
went
away
laughing.学生们笑着走开了。
过去分词作状语
表示条件。
Given
more
attention，the
little
trees
would
have
grown
better.如果给予更多的关注，这些小树会长得更好。
地点状语
介词above和below分别表示“高于”和“低于”，不一定指垂直方向上的上下；over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下和高低；on/on
the
top
of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。介词at指小地点或集会场合；on表示线或面上的位置；in表示在立体、区域或环境内，特别是那些较大，能够容纳相应事物的环境。between在……两者之间，among
指三者或三者以上的“之间”。
The
students
are
doing
their
homework
in
the
classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。The
moon
is
now
above
the
trees.月亮正位于树梢上方。Her
skirt
came
below
her
knees.她的裙长过膝。We
live
over
a
small
bookstore.我们住在一家小书店的楼上。They
were
playing
chess
under
the
tree.他们在树下下棋。They
planted
a
lot
of
trees
between
the
two
buildings.他们在两座建筑物之间栽了许多树。Tom
has
always
been
popular
among
his
classmates.汤姆在同学中一直很受欢迎。
时间状语
in表示“在某一时间段”，或“在……时候”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度，为“长达……”之意；since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间。
I
learned
a
lot
from
the
peasants
when
I
lived
in
the
countryside.我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。What
have
you
been
doing
since
I
last
saw
you 自从我上次和你见面以来，你在做什么？
目的状语
for表示拟定的接收人或目的；to表示实际的接收人或目的。for和to都可以引导目的地。for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后，如leave，set
out，start，depart，sail等；to跟在含有来来往往地行动的意义的动词后，如go，come，run，walk，move，fly，drive，ride等。at还可引导行为的目标或精力的集中点。
They
set
out
early
in
order
to
arrive
on
time.他们早点动身，以便准时到达。Did
you
come
to
Paris
for
the
purpose
of
simple
leisure，or
for
business
purposes 你到巴黎来的目的纯粹是为了休闲，还是为了做生意？The
first
group，about
1,000
pupils
invited
by
the
Russian
government
from
Sichuan
Province，have
left
for
Russia
for
restoring
to
health
and
strength.受俄罗斯政府的邀请，第一批来自四川的约1,000名学生已经去了俄罗斯疗养。
原因状语
for常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。due
to常用来引导名词短语，作定语或表语。from和out
of常表示动机或原因。
We
bought
this
house
with
a
much
higher
price
than
others
just
for
its
convenience.我们买下这幢房子花的钱比其他房屋要多得多，就是为了方便。Because
of
the
storm
he
didn't
go
there.因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。Her
illness
was
due
to
bad
food.她的病是坏了的食物造成的。She
was
nearly
crying
from
the
pain
of
her
cut
leg.割破的腿疼痛得使她几乎要哭了。
程度状语
nearly，almost，especially等词表示程度。
I
nearly
forgot
what
he
had
promised.我几乎忘记了他答应的事。We
need
to
be
especially
careful.我们需要特别小心。
二、状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。
1．时间状语从句
时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：
A．when，while，as引导时间状语从句
（1）when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用延续性动词。
When
I
got
home，my
family
were
having
dinner.
我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间）
When
I
lived
in
the
countryside，I
used
to
carry
some
water
for
him.
当时住在农村，我常常为他担水。（when表示段时间）
We
were
about
to
leave
when
he
came
in.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。（when表示点时间）
常见的用when的句型：
＋when
（2）while表示“在……期间”或“在某一段时间里”，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句动作的同时发生。
While
the
teacher
paraphrased
the
text
in
English，the
students
listened
attentively
and
took
notes.
当老师用英语阐释课文时，同学们专心地听并且做着笔记。
（3）as
①as表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，一般与延续性动词连用。
The
thief
was
caught
as
he
was
stealing
in
the
supermarket.
小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。
②as表示“一边……一边……”，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。
As
the
students
walked
to
their
dorms，they
sang
happily.
学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。
③as还可以说明两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”，表时间的推移。
As
time
goes
on，it's
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。
B．since引导时间状语从句
since表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，意思是“自……以来”。引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。
Every
since
they
got
married
in
1950，they
have
lived
happily.
自1950年结婚以来，他们一直生活得很幸福。
常见的用since的句型：
It
is/has
been＋段时间＋since从句（常用一般过去时）
C．before，after引导时间状语从句
（1）before表示在一段时间之前。after表示在一段时间之后。
I
had
written
my
dissertation
before
my
supervisor
went
abroad.
在导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
After
the
boy
had
finished
his
homework，he
played
football
with
his
friends.
这个小男孩在完成作业后，和他的小伙伴们踢了一会儿球。
（2）before有时翻译成“……才……”，“不到……就”，“趁……就”，“还没（来得及）……就”。
He
ran
off
before
I
could
stop
him.
我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
D．till，until引导时间状语从句
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到……为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到……才”。
He
will
remain
in
college
until（till）he
finishes
his
Ph．D
course.
他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I
will
not
go
with
you
until（till）I
finish
my
homework.
等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
（2）当not
until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。
Not
until
she
stopped
crying
did
I
leave.
直到她不哭了，我才离开。
1）until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
2）在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。
It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
recognized
her.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
E．表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句
as
soon
as，once，immediately，instantly，directly，the
moment，the
minute，the
instant，the
second，no
sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了，即“一……就……”。
As
soon
as
we
got
home，the
telephone
rang.
我们一到家，电话就响了。
He
said
he'd
turn
on
TV
the
moment
he
got
home.
他说他一到家就打开电视机。
1）hardly/scarcely...when，no
sooner...than引导的从句中的动词用一般过去时，主句中的动词用过去完成时。
2）当hardly，scarcely，no
sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
Hardly
had
she
fallen
asleep
when
a
knock
at
the
door
woke
her
up.
她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒了。
F．next
time，the
first
time，the
last
time，every
time，by
the
time等引导的时间状语从句
Be
sure
to
call
on
us
next
time
you
come
to
town.
下次你进城一定来看我们。
By
the
time
you
came
back，I
had
finished
this
book.
到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。（从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时）
2．让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although，though，while（虽然，尽管），as，even
if，even
though（即使……也……），however，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whether...or...（不管……还是……），no
matter（who，what，etc.）等引导。
Although
they
lack
official
support，they
continue
their
struggle.
他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。
Even
if
you
fail，you
will
have
gained
experience.
纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。
as引导让步状语从句时，常用于倒装结构，即adj./adv./n./v.的一部分＋as＋主语＋谓语，此时as也可换为though，但是though可用于陈述语序，as则不可以。
Child
as
he
is，he
knows
a
lot.
虽然他是个孩子，他懂得很多。
＝Child
though
he
is，he
knows
a
lot.
＝Though
he
is
a
child，he
knows
a
lot.
3．条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if（如果），unless（除非），as
long
as（＝so
long
as）（只要），in
case（that）（如果，万一），on
condition
that（条件是），suppose，supposing
that，provided，providing
that（假如）等引导。
I
will
buy
a
computer
if
I
am
able
to
save
up
enough
money.
如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。
Unless
the
weather
was
bad，my
father
always
used
to
take
a
walk
in
the
evening.
除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。
4．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的有as，because，since，now（that），considering
that，seeing
that等。
You
shouldn't
get
angry
only
because
some
people
speak
ill
of
you.
你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。
Since
you're
not
interested，I
won't
tell
you
about
it.
既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
5．结果状语从句和目的状语从句
（1）引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that（如此……以至于），so
that（以至于，所以）。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。
I
didn't
plan
the
work
well，so
that
I
didn't
finish
it
in
time.
我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。
The
scientist's
report
was
so
instructive
that
we
were
all
very
excited.
科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。
1）so＋adj./adv.＋that...
such＋n.＋that...
2）so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.（单）＋that...
＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.（单）＋that...
3）so＋many/much/little（少）/few＋n.＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.（复数/不可数）＋that...
（2）引导目的状语从句的连词有：so
that，in
order
that，lest，for
fear
that，in
case。
They
started
early
so
that
they
might
arrive
in
time.
他们早点动身，以便准时到达。
Better
take
more
clothes
in
case
the
weather
is
cold.
最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
6．地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where（在……地方），wherever（无论哪里），everywhere（到处），anywhere（任何地方）等。
You
can
go
wherever
you
like
these
days.
这些天你可以去你想去的任何地方。
7．方式状语从句和比较状语从句
（1）方式状语从句常由as，as
if，as
though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。
He
acted
as
if/though
nothing
had
happened.
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
（2）比较状语从句由as...as，more...than，the
more...，the
more...等引导。
Our
new
school
is
four
times
as
big
as
the
old
one.
我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。
三、状语从句注意事项
1．状语从句的省略
在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。
Look
out
for
cars
when
crossing
the
street（＝when
you
are
crossing
the
street）．
过街时当心车辆。
If
possible（＝If
it
is
possible），I'd
like
to
have
two
copies
of
it.
可能的话，我想要两本。
2．状语从句的时态问题
在条件、时间和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
We
shall
wait
until/till
he
comes
back.
我们将一直等到他回来。
3．原因状语从句的特殊情况
有些形容词，如sorry，glad，surprised，pleased，sad，satisfied等作表语时，后面接原因状语。
The
teacher
was
very
satisfied
that
he
made
great
progress
this
time.
他这次进步很大，老师很满意。
I
am
glad
you've
come
to
see
me.我很高兴你过来看我。
4．虚拟条件句
在虚拟条件句中，条件从句前有时可以省略连词，但要倒装。
Had
I
faced
such
a
dangerous
situation，I
should
not
know
what
to
do.
如果我碰到这么危险的情况，真不知该怎么办。
（1）Anyone，whether
he
is
an
official
or
a
bus
driver，should
be
______
respected.
A．especially
B．equally
C．naturally
D．normally
答案：B
提示：especially“尤其”；equally“平等地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地，常态地”。此处用equally
“平等地”来表示an
official与a
bus
driver应该受到同等地尊敬。故选B项。
（2）Mike
was
usually
so
careful，______this
time
he
made
a
small
mistake.
A．yet
B．still
C．even
D．thus
答案：A
提示：句意：迈克通常特别细心，然而这次他犯了一个小错误。前后两句显然是转折关系，故用yet表示“然而”。
（3）—
Coach，can
I
continue
with
the
training
—
Sorry，you
can't
______
you
haven't
recovered
from
the
knee
injury.
A．until
B．before
C．as
D．unless
答案：C
提示：until和before用来引导时间状语从句；as引导原因状语从句；unless引导条件状语从句；根据第二句可知，为原因状语从句。句意：——教练，我能继续训练吗？——对不起，你不能，因为你膝盖上的伤还没痊愈。故选C项。
（4）A
number
of
high
buildings
have
arisen
______
there
was
nothing
a
year
ago
but
ruins.
A．when
B．where
C．before
D．until
答案：B
提示：句意：很多高楼在一年前只有废墟的地方建起来了。what需要在句中充当主语、宾语或表语，故排除；before和until都引导时间状语从句，不符合句意。因此选用where，引导地点状语从句。
（5）He
smiled
politely
______Mary
apologized
for
her
drunken
friends.
A．as
B．if
C．unless
D．though
答案：A
提示：句意：当玛丽因喝醉的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地笑了笑。as在此句中意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。if和unless引导条件状语从句；though引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
（6）It
is
hard
for
the
Greek
government
to
get
over
the
present
difficulties
______
it
gets
more
financial
support
from
the
European
Union.
A．if
B．unless
C．because
D．since
答案：B
提示：if意为“如果”；unless意为“如果不，除非”；because意为“因为”；since意为“自从，由于”。句意：除非希腊政府能得到欧盟的财政支持，否则它很难克服目前的困难。故选B项。
（7）If
you
happen
to
get
lost
in
the
wild，you'd
better
stay______you
are
and
wait
for
help.
A．why
B．where
C．who
D．what
答案：B
提示：句意：如果你偶然在荒野中迷路，你最好待在原地等待帮助。where在此引导地点状语从句，符合句意。
（8）Hot
______
the
night
air
was，we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
A．although
B．as
C．while
D．however
答案：B
提示：句意：尽管晚上天气热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长时间的旅行之后我们太累了。as
引导让步状语从句需用部分倒装，其形式是将作表语的形容词或名词置于句首。
（9）All
the
photographs
in
this
book，______
stated
otherwise，date
from
the
1950s.
A．unless
B．until
C．once
D．if
答案：A
提示：句意：这本书里所有的照片，除非是另行标注，都能追溯到20世纪五十年代。unless“除非”；until“直到”；once“一旦”；if“如果”。根据句意可知选A项。
（10）—
Look
at
those
clouds!
—
Don't
worry.______
it
rains，we'll
still
have
a
great
time.
A．Even
if
B．As
though
C．In
case
D．If
only
答案：A
提示：句意：——看看那些云彩！——不用担心，即使下雨，我们也仍然会玩得很开心。even
if
“即使”；as
though
“好像”；in
case
“以防万一”，if
only“要是……就好了，只要”，根据句意可知选A项。
（11）I
had
hardly
got
to
the
office
______
my
wife
phoned
me
to
go
back
home
at
once.
A．when
B．than
C．until
D．after
答案：A
提示：hardly常与when连用，表示“一……就……”；hardly...when...＝no
sooner...than...，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选A项。
（12）I
don't
believe
we've
met
before，______
I
must
say
you
do
look
familiar.
A．therefore
B．although
C．since
D．unless
答案：B
提示：therefore“因此，所以”；although“尽管，虽然”；since“由于，既然，自从”；unless“除非，如果不”。根据前后句的逻辑关系判断应选B项，句意：尽管我要说你真的看起来很眼熟，但是我认为我们以前没有见过面。Module
4 Which
English
Section
Ⅳ Writing
一、佳作展示与背诵
在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请你围绕“How
do
you
prefer
your
English
classes
to
be
taught？In
English
only，or
in
both
English
and
Chinese？”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。
授课形式一
优点
缺点
结论
只用英语
有助于提高听说能力等……
不易听懂等……
……
英语、汉语兼用
易于理解等……
英语氛围不浓等……
……
注意：
1．词数：100～120，短文开头已给出（不计入总词数）
2．参考词汇：atmosphere氛围
I
prefer
my
English
classes
to
be
taught
in...
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
（1）
I_prefer_my_English_classes_to_be_taught_in
English
only．As
we
all
know，a
good
learning
environment
is
important
if
we
want
to
study
English
well．Classes
taught
in
English
provide
students
with
such
an
environment.When
English
is
the
only
language
used
in
the
classroom，students
will
have
more
opportunities
to
practise
listening
and
speaking．Therefore，they
will
be
able
to
learn
more
quickly.
However，we
also
have
some
problems
with
this
teaching
method．As
we
haven't
mastered
enough
English
words，sometimes
we
may
find
it
difficult
to
follow
the
teacher.Slow
learners
may
even
lose
interest
in
English.
Practice
makes
perfect．To
learn
English
well
requires
a
lot
of
practice．Therefore，I
like
my
English
classes
to
be
taught
completely
in
English.
（2）
I_prefer_my_English_classes_to_be_taught_in
both
Chinese
and
English.In
my
opinion，learning
English
is
a
step
by
step
process．As
middle
school
students，we
only
have
a
small
vocabulary，if
the
teacher
can
use
some
Chinese
in
an
English
class，we
will
understand
the
lesson
better.
Of
course，an
English
class
taught
in
two
languages
has
its
shortcomings.Such
a
class
cannot
create
a
good
atmosphere
for
English
learning.Some
students
will
speak
Chinese
all
the
time
and
cannot
learn
English
well.
If
you
want
to
learn
a
lesson
well，you
have
to
understand
it
first．To
help
students
understand
the
lesson
better，the
teacher
should
use
Chinese
from
time
to
time．Therefore，I
like
my
teacher
to
use
both
English
and
Chinese
in
teaching.
二、思路点拨
正确理解正反观点对比及其写作格式
在写作时，人们常用的写作格式是：提出问题——指出两种不同的观点——得出结论，对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比，有时还加上作者本人的观点。通俗地说，就是你说他说我说。
对比类写作经常分三四个段落。第一段提出问题，第二段写正方观点，第三段写反方观点或者第二、三段合为一段。必要时，最后写结论或写作者自己的观点。
The
structure
of
the
article：topic
sentence—for
the
opinion—against
the
opinion—ending
sentence
熟练掌握常用的关键句型
对比类英语作文同其他英语作文题材一样，要具有自己特有的句型，体现此类作文的写作特点。
【常用句型与短语】
1．提出问题/引出话题
Is
it
a
good
idea
to...
A
heated
discussion
was
held
to
discuss
whether...
2．过渡句
Different
people
have
different
opinions.
Opinions
fall
into
two
groups.
There
are
different
opinions
about
whether...
Opinions
are
divided
on
this
matter.
3．描述正方观点：
Those
who
are
in
favor
of
it
hold
the
viewpoint
that...
The
majority
of
us
support
physical
exercise...
60%
students
hold
the
above
views.
4．描述反方观点
Meanwhile，those
who
hold
the
opposite
view
think
that...
Some
people
who
don't
agree
with
students'
making
friends
online
hold
the
view
that...
Others，however，think
students
should
not...
5．扩充观点
What's
worse...
What's
more...
First，...Second，..．Third，...
most
importantly
on
the
one
hand，...on
the
other
hand，...
6．自己观点
As
far
as
I'm
concerned，...
I
personally
think
that...
三、经典句式
1．When
English
is
the
only
language
used
in
the
classroom，students
will
have
more
opportunities
to
practise
listening
and
speaking.
2．As
we
haven't
mastered
enough
English
words，sometimes
we
may
find
it
difficult
to
follow
the
teacher.
3．Practice
makes
perfect.
4．To
help
students
understand
the
lesson
better，the
teacher
should
use
Chinese
from
time
to
time.Module
4 Which
English
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Read
Cultural
Corner
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Main
idea：There
are
many
people
in
other
countries
learning
English
as
__1__
for
__2__
and
the
number
is
__3__.
__4__
for
Chinese
as
a
foreign
language
is
__5__.__6__
for
the
interest
in
Chinese.A
third
reason
is
that
learning
Chinese
is
__7__.Why
the
Chinese
government
introduced
__8__.To
introduce
__9__.
答案：1．a
foreign
language 2．many
reasons 3．increasing
4．The
demand 5．growing
fast 6．The
two
reasons 7．a
challenge 8．an
international
exam
system 9．the
HSK
test
1．What
does
the
man
complain
about？（P48）
那个人抱怨什么？
complain
v.
抱怨
Don't
complain.不要抱怨。
You
complain
of
having
too
much
to
do.If
it
comes
to
that，we
are
all
busy.
你抱怨工作太忙。如果说忙，我们大家都很忙。
complain（to
sb.）about/at
sth.（向某人）投诉，抱怨；诉苦，发牢骚
complain
that
抱怨说……
complain（to
sb.）of
sth.
诉说……
complaint
n.
抱怨
（1）He
is
always
____________
all
day.
他一天到晚在发牢骚。
（2）He
____________
nothing
came
out
the
way
he
had
expected.
他抱怨说事情的结局没有一样如他所料。
（3）We
__________
the
police
____________
the
noise
from
the
bar.
酒吧的噪声太大，我们向警方控诉。
答案：（1）complaining （2）complained
that
（3）complained
to；about/at
2．It
is
estimated
that
1.3
billion
people
will
use
English
as
either
a
first
or
a
second
language
by
2050.（P51）
据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
It
is
estimated
that...据估计……。句中的it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It
is
estimated
that
he
has
known
the
truth
of
the
matter.
据估计他已经知道事情的真相了。
1）句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。
2）下列三种句型可以相互转换It＋be＋过去分词＋that
→People
say/think...＋that...
→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式
据说温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。
①______
______
______
______
greenhouse
gases
are
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.
②Greenhouse
gases
______
______
______
______
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.
③______
______
______
greenhouse
gases
are
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.答案：①It
is
said
that ②are
said
to
be ③People
say
that
3．New
dialects
acquire
their
own
complex
features
until
they
become
real
languages
in
their
own
right.（P51）
新的方言会形成自身的复杂性直到自身成为一门真正的语言。
acquire
v.
获得，得到
Some
people
go
back
for
their
education
to
acquire
another
degree
or
diploma
to
impress
our
society.
有些人回到学校去接受教育，是想再取得一个学位或一张文凭，以增强自己在社会上的地位。
He
makes
his
pupils
acquire
knowledge
through
various
kinds
of
interesting
activities.
通过各种有趣的活动使学生们学到知识。
辨析：acquire，obtain，earn与get
acquire
指持续、慢慢地获得，强调经过努力或某一过程得到某物，宾语多为知识、技能等。
获得；取得；学到
obtain
指经过相当长的时间或很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西。
（正式用语）获取，获得
earn
通过自己的劳动而获得某种报酬、奖金或勋章。
赚得，挣得（钱、工资）；博得
get
指以某种方法或手段得到某物。
得到
（1）用acquire，obtain，earn或get的适当形式填空
①We
must
work
hard
to
____________
a
good
knowledge
of
English.
②The
students
made
the
experiment
with
great
care
in
order
to
__________
better
results.
③The
most
famous
athletes
__________
millions
of
dollars
a
year
for
their
good
playing
skills.
④We
__________
little
help
from
them.
答案：①acquire ②obtain ③earn ④got
（2）我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。
We
must
work
hard
to
______
______
______
______
______
English.
答案：acquire
a
good
knowledge
of
（3）我们必须珍惜用鲜血换来的经验。
We
must
value
experience
______
______
______
______
______
blood.
答案：acquired
at
the
cost
of
4．Experts
are
convinced
that
this
will
happen
in
the
future
as
more
and
more
people
learn
English
and
call
it
their
own.（P51）
专家深信随着越来越多的人说英语，并且把它叫做自己的语言，这件事情在将来会发生。
convinced
adj.
确信的，信服的
I
am
convinced
of
his
guilt.
＝I
am
convinced
that
he
is
guilty.
我确信他有罪。
The
little
girl
nodded
her
head
but
didn't
look
convinced.
那位小姑娘点点头，但是，她看起来并没有信服。
convince
v.
使相信
convincing
adj.
令人信服的
be
convinced
of
确信……
be
convinced
that
确信……
convince
sb.（that）使某人相信
convince
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信/信服某事
convince
sb.
to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
（1）______
that
he
was
right，we
all
supported
him.
A．Convincing
B．Convinced
C．To
convince
D．Having
convinced
答案：B提示：be
convinced
that...“相信……”，本句中用adj.作原因状语，可转换为：Because
we
were
convinced
that...。
（2）I
am______
that
the
little
girl
will
catch
up
with
her
classmates
in
a
year.A．isolated
B．skilled
C．convinced
D．gifted
答案：C
提示：句意：我确信那个小女孩在一年内能赶上她的同学们。convinced意为“确信的”，符合句意。isolated“独立的，孤立的”；skilled“熟练的”；gifted“有天赋的”。
5．Idioms
are
picturesque
or
absurd
expressions
conveying
a
concept
which
is
different
from
the
literal
meaning
and
have
been
common
in
English
for
many
years.（P53）
习语是一种生动而又不合常理的表达，它传达与其字面意思不同的概念，并且是很久以来在英语中很常见的表达。
convey
vt.
传达，传递；运载
Words
can't
convey
how
happy
I
was.
言辞无法表达我内心的幸福。
This
ship
conveys
oil
from
the
Middle
East.
这艘船从中东运输石油。
convey
sth.
to
sb.
向某人传达/表达（思想、感情等）
convey
sb./sth.
from...to...把某人/某物从……运送到……
convey
that...传达/表明……
（1）Colors
like
green
can
______
a
sense
of
life
and
quietness
to
people.
A．acquire
B．conveyC．investigate
D．remark
答案：B
提示：句意：像绿色这样的颜色可以向人们传达一种生命和安宁之感。convey“传达，传递”，符合句意。acquire“获得，得到”；investigate“调查”；remark“评论”。
（2）Famous
artists
______
thoughts
and
feelings
through
their
creative
works.
A．transmit
B．transfer
C．convey
D．contribute
答案：C
提示：句意：著名的艺术家们通过他们创作的作品来传达思想与感受。convey“传达，传递”，符合句意。transmit“传送，传播”；transfer“转移，迁移”；contribute“贡献”。
6．Thus，to
talk
turkey
means
to
get
down
to
business.（P53）
因此，to
talk
turkey意思是开始做业务。
Having
gathered
some
information
about
the
accident，they
got
down
to
its
real
causes.
搜集了关于这次事故的一些材料以后，他们开始认真研究起发生事故的真正原因来。
1）get
around传播
get
across
被传达，被理解
get
sth.down吞下，咽下，记下
get
about
走动；传播
get
along/on
with
sb.
与某人相处愉快
get
along/on
with
sth.
进展
get
in
one's
way
挡住某人的路；妨碍某人
get
into
trouble
陷入困境
get
together
相聚；聚集
get
over
克服
get
through
做完，用完；通过（考试）；接通（电话）
2）下列短语中的to都是介词
look
forward
to
盼望……
turn
to
求助于；转向
pay
attention
to
注意……
stick
to
坚持
get
down
to
开始认真干……
object
to
反对
belong
to
属于
refer
to
谈到；涉及；参阅
3）辨析get
down
to和set
out
to：
get
down
to中to是介词，其后应跟名词、代词或动词的 ing形式，“着手认真地去干……”。
set
out
to
do中的to为不定式符号，其意思是“为……目标而努力”，等于
set
about
doing
sth.。
（1）单句改错
①I
really
must
get
down
to
fill
in
my
tax
form.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：fill→filling
②He
set
out
to
breaking
the
record
for
the
channel
swim.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：breaking→break
③Let's
get
down
to
read
this
article
in
English.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：read→reading
（2）The
final
examination
is
coming
up
soon.It's
time
for
us
to
______
our
studies.
A．get
down
to
B．get
out
C．get
back
to
D．get
over
答案：A
提示：get
down
to“开始认真做……，开始认真考虑”；get
out“（使）出去；离开”；get
back
to“回到，恢复”；get
over“爬过（墙）；克服（困难、偏见等）；从（病、失败等）中恢复过来”。根据句意，A项正确。
（3）We've
just
moved
into
a
bigger
house
and
there's
a
lot
to
do.Let's
______
it.
A．keep
up
with
B．do
away
with
C．get
down
to
D．look
forward
to
答案：C
提示：句意：我们刚刚搬进一所更大的房子，有好多事情要做，让我们着手做吧。keep
up
with“跟上，赶上”；do
away
with“废除”；get
down
to“着手……”；look
forward
to“盼望……”。
7．Get
your
tanks
off
my
lawn！means
Back
off！Withdraw
your
threats！and
was
first
said
by
a
British
prime
minister，rejecting
the
threat
of
a
potential
strike
by
a
trade
union
leader.（P53）
Get
your
tanks
off意思是“向后退；撤回你的威胁！”第一次是英国首相说出的，他拒绝一个由工会领导人组织的潜在的罢工威胁。
1）withdraw
v.
收回；撤销（说过的话）
The
little
boy
quickly
withdrew
his
hand
from
the
hot
stove
and
cried.
那个小男孩迅速把手从火炉旁缩回，并且哭了起来。
to
withdraw
a
remark收回一句话
to
withdraw
one's
eyes
from把视线从……移开
withdraw
from
从……撤出，退出
2）reject
vt.
拒绝接受
He
was
afraid
she
would
reject
him
because
he
was
a
foreigner.
他担心她会因他不是本国人而拒绝他。
She
rejected
his
offer
of
marriage.
他向她求婚，她拒绝了。
rejection
n.
拒绝
reject
n.
被拒绝或被抛弃的人或物
辨析：reject，refuse与decline
reject“拒绝，拒收，扔掉”；通常接名词或动名词，主语往往是人，拒绝不适当或厌恶的东西，如：赠物、求婚、忠告、计划、建议等。
refuse“拒绝”，普通用词。可接名词或代词，主语可以是人或物，拒绝要求、引诱、忠告、帮助等。
decline“谢绝，婉言拒绝”，委婉地拒绝。
（1）完成句子
①Now
you
need
not
______________（提款）in
the
bank.You
can
use
your
bankcard.
②I
am
sorry.I
________________（收回我说的话）．
答案：①withdraw
money ②withdrew
what
I
had
said
（2）用reject，refuse与decline的适当形式完成句子
①They
______
to
help
her
when
she
was
in
trouble.
②The
proposal
was
firmly
______.
③I
offered
to
give
them
a
lift
but
they
______.
答案：①refused ②rejected ③declined
8．With
friends
like
these，who
needs
enemies？means
a
friend
has
betrayed
your
trust
or
let
you
down.（P53）
With
friends
like
these，who
needs
enemies？意思是一位朋友背叛了你或让你失望。
let
sb.
down
使某人失望
Please
come
and
support
me．Don't
let
me
down.
请来支持我，别让我失望。
He
speaks
English
very
fluently，but
his
pronunciation
let
him
down.
他英语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不太好。
let
alone
不干涉；不管；更不用说
let
into
让……进入
let
out
放掉；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等）
let
off
使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚
take
in（衣服）改瘦；欺骗
（1）完成句子
①他从不会让他的父母失望——因为他很用功。
He
never
______
______
______
______—because
he
works
very
hard.
②你妈妈累了——别打扰她！
Your
mother
is
tired—______
______
______！
③别担心，我决不会让你失望的。
Don't
worry.I'll
______
______
______
______.
答案：①lets
his
parents
down ②let
her
alone
③never
let
you
down
（2）句型转换
I
trust
him
but
he
makes
me
disappointed.
I
trust
him
but
he
______
______
______.
答案：let
me
down
9．...meaning
we
will
oppose
prejudice
against
black
people
and
resist
conflict
between
Americans.（P53）
……意思是：我们将反对对黑人的歧视并将阻止美国人民之间的冲突。
1）oppose
v.
反对
We
support
those
who
help
maintain
peace
and
oppose
those
who
make
war
and
who
seek
hegemony.
谁搞和平，我们就拥护；谁搞战争和霸权，我们就反对。
The
President
opposes
giving
military
aid
to
this
country.
总统反对向该国提供军事援助。
oppose和be
opposed
to后都接（动）名词。
2）resist
v.
抵抗，反抗
I
can't
resist
strawberries.我挡不住草莓的诱惑。
A
balanced
diet
will
increase
your
ability
to
resist
infection.
均衡的饮食可以增强你抗感染的能力。
They
resisted
the
attack
from
the
enemy
bravely.
他们勇敢地抵抗了敌人的进攻。
resist
v.
忍耐，忍住（多用于否定句）
can't
resist
sth./doing
sth.
忍不住做……，经受不住……
resistance
n.
抵制，抵抗
resistant
adj.
有抵抗力，抵制的
be
resistant
to...
对……有抵抗力
（1）单句改错
I
am
very
much
opposed
to
permit
him
to
go
alone.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：permit→permitting
（2）完成句子
假期开始之初，我忍不住每天上网聊天8个多小时，但很快就厌倦了。
I
______
______
______
online
for
over
8
hours
a
day
at
the
beginning
of
my
vacation，but
soon
I
______
______
______
it.
答案：couldn't
resist
chatting；got
tired
of
（3）The
local
people
______
building
the
new
hotel
because
of
the
great
cost.
A．opposed
B．accused
C．objected
D．against
答案：A
提示：句意：当地的人们因为成本太高而反对建造新旅馆。oppose“反对”；accuse“指控”；object后面加to
sth.表示“反对”；against为介词，应用be
against＋n.表示“反对”。
（4）While
shopping，can
you
resist
______
to
buy
anything
that
you
don't
really
need
A．being
persuaded
B．persuading
C．to
be
persuaded
D．to
persuade
答案：A
提示：句意：购物时，你能抵挡住推销人员的游说，不买任何你不需要的东西吗？resist“抵制，阻挡”，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语；又因persuade与you之间的逻辑上的动宾关系，故选A项。Module
4 Which
English
功能
Making
use
of
authentic
materials
21世纪教育网句型
1．The
quality
of
someone's
voice
and
their
choice
of
words
make
a
person
instantly
recognisable，even
though
you
can't
see
him
or
her.→even
though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”2．Perhaps
correctness
doesn't
matter
—
as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other
—
it's
communication
that
counts.→as
long
as引导条件状语从句。It's...that...构成强调结构。3．New
dialects
acquire
their
own
complex
features
until
they
become
real...→until
引导时间状语从句。
语法
1．Review
of
adverbials
复习状语2．Review
of
adverbial
clauses
复习状语从句
写作
Writing
a
discursive
composition
for
and
against
the
use
of
English
中/华-21世纪教育网考点
as
long
as（2012江西高考，31） 强调句型（2012湖南高考，30/2012重庆高考，32） 状语及状语从句（2012福建高考，27/2012浙江高考，18/2012重庆高考，30/2012山东高考，32&27/2012福建高考，30/2012四川高考，10/2012陕西高考，18&25/2012北京高考，21/2012全国高考Ⅱ，11/2012课标全国高考，25）
在本模块中我们了解到了一些不同的英语，比如澳大利亚英语、牙买加英语和新加坡英语。虽然英语语言没有一个全球统一的标准，但是我们作为非英语国家的英语学习者应该努力掌握这门国际通用语言。以下是一些不错的学习方法和建议，来读读吧！
Get
Ahead
with
Your
English
It
was
predicted
as
early
as
the
1700s
that
English
would
one
day
be
the
global
language
and
that
has
proved
to
be
the
case
in
the
last
few
decades．The
growth
of
international
companies
and
the
great
advances
in
communications
have
started
the
trend
for
learning
English
as
a
foreign
language.In
today's
world，being
able
to
speak
more
than
one
language，including
English，is
how
you
stand
out
and
get
ahead.
However，learning
English
as
a
foreign
language
is
very
difficult
in
the
absence
of
a
native
language
environment.Some
respected
theories
on
language
acquisition
believe
that
to
attain
a
high
level
of
fluency
and
accuracy
in
a
foreign
language，you
need
to
be
surrounded
by
it．But
sadly，the
chances
that
we
will
all
have
the
opportunity
to
live
in
an
English
speaking
country
are
small．Therefore，most
of
us
have
to
rely
on
what
we
can
learn
at
school
as
part
of
the
school
curriculum.
Our
latest
English
curriculum
encourages
teachers
to
create
a
rich
language
environment
in
the
classroom.What
this
means
is
that
they
make
sure
there
is
an
adequate
amount
of
input
in
English
conveyed
to
the
students
through
various
media．This
can
take
the
form
of
reading
and
listening
materials
which
must
be
of
the
highest
quality.Quality
input
ensures
quality
output，whether
it
is
speaking
or
writing.
To
really
get
ahead，however，means
putting
in
extra
work
outside
of
the
classroom.Experts
say
that
just
15
minutes
of
extra curricula
study
a
day
can
really
accelerate
foreign
language
learning.Here
are
what
they
recommend：Setting
achievable
targets．For
example，enlarge
your
vocabulary
by
10
new
words
every
day—five
times
a
week—then
revise
the
words
on
the
weekend.50
new
words
a
week
means
200
new
words
a
month.
Listening
to
an
English
song
several
times
in
one
week
after
reading
the
words.
Watching
the
news
in
your
own
language
and
then
reading
an
English
newspaper
or
news
website.Knowing
the
main
stories
before
reading
will
guarantee
greater
comprehension
when
reading
in
English.
Watching
a
favourite
DVD，but
adjusting
the
language
to
English
in
the
parts
you
know
well.
Studying
with
friends．Test
each
other
and
share
learning
strategies—this
makes
learning
more
enjoyable.
Rewarding
yourself.If
you
reach
a
target，treat
yourself.Inform
a
friend
of
your
targets
so
they
can
help
motivate
you
as
well.
These
recommendations
are
easily
achieved
and
are
well
worth
the
extra
effort.However，putting
in
those
extra
15
minutes
a
day
does
take
dedication．To
stay
dedicated（专心致志的），you
need
to
keep
in
mind
why
you
are
learning
English.Quite
simply，in
today's
world，English
holds
the
key
to
a
brighter
future
and
a
world
of
possibilities.诱思探究
Decide
whether
the
following
statements
true（T）or
false（F）．
1．Nowadays，it
is
good
for
you
to
speak
more
than
one
language.（ ）
2．If
you
want
to
learn
English，you
must
be
in
a
native
language
environment.（ ）
3．All
of
us
have
to
rely
on
what
we
can
learn
at
school.（ ）
答案：1．T 2．F 3．F
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．______
adv.
立即，马上→______
adj.
立刻的
答案：instantly；instant
2．______
v.
抱怨，不满→______
n.
抱怨
答案：complain；complaint
3．______
v.
调查→______
n.
调查→______
n.
调查者
答案：investigate；investigation；investigator
4．______
adj.
信服的，确信的→______
adj.
令人相信的→______
v.
使确信
答案：convinced；convincing；convince
5．______
v.
将……分类→______
adj.
分类的→______
n.
分类
答案：classify；classified；classification
6．______
n.
好奇心→______
adj.
好奇的→______
adv.
好奇地
答案：curiosity；curious；curiously
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．____________
区分开 tell...from
__________ apart
from
__________
答案：tell...apart；区分……和……；除……之外
2．__________
只要 as
far
as
__________ as
good
as
__________ as
well
as
__________
答案：as
long
as；远至，达到……的程度；和……几乎一样；和……一样好，还有，也
3．__________
尤其，特别 be
particular
about
__________
答案：in
particular；对……挑剔
4．__________
总之 draw/reach/arrive
at
a
conclusion
__________ jump
to
conclusions
__________
答案：in
conclusion；得出结论；草率下结论
5．____________
开始认真做某事 pay
attention
to
________________ stick
to
________________ lead
to
____________
答案：get
down
to；注意；坚持；导致，通往
6．____________
使某人失望 let
alone
____________ let
out
____________ let
in
____________ let
go
____________
答案：let
sb.
down；更不用说，更别提；放掉，放走；进入，让……进入；放开，松手
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．The
quality
of
someone's
voice
and
their
choice
of
words
make
a
person
______
recognisable，______
______
you
can't
see
him
or
her.
一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。
答案：instantly；even
though
2．In
this
sense
everybody's
use
of
language—______
English，Chinese，______
any
other
—
is
different.
在这种意义上，每个人对语言——不管是英语、汉语或其他任何语言——的使用都是不同的。
答案：whether；or
3．You
could
say
that
there
are
______
______
varieties
of
English，or
any
other
language
for
that
matter，______
there
are
speakers
of
it.你可以说，有多少说英语者，英语就有多少种，对其他的语言也是这样。
答案：as
many；as
4．Perhaps
correctness
doesn't
matter—______
______
______
speakers
can
understand
each
other—______
communication
______
counts.
也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
答案：as
long
as；it's；that5．______
______
______
______
1.3
billion
people
will
use
English
as
either
a
first
or
a
second
language
by
2050.
据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
答案：It
is
estimated
that
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary
Ⅰ．Read
the
text
and
choose
the
correct
answer.
1．Who
speak
English
in
the
world
A．The
people
living
in
more
than
60
countries
across
the
world.
B．The
people
living
only
in
England
and
America.
C．The
people
working
abroad.
D．The
people
working
from
place
to
place.
2．In
what
way
did
English
spread
to
the
world
A．By
ship.
B．By
the
foreigners.
C．By
trade，exploration
and
business.
D．By
teachers
and
students.
3．Where
did
the
first
settlers
of
Australia
come
from
A．They
came
from
all
over
Britain.
B．They
only
came
from
Northern
Ireland
and
the
London
area.
C．They
came
from
the
Northern
America.
D．They
came
from
Africa.
4．What
did
the
author
think
the
woman
wanted
to
do
when
he
heard
Emma
Chissit
A．To
have
a
look
at
it.
B．To
ask
him
a
question.
C．To
buy
the
book.
D．To
sign
his
name
on
the
book.
5．What
was
set
up
in
Singapore
in
1999
A．Language
Spoken
In
Minnan.B．The
Speak
Good
English
Movement.
C．Singapore
Language
Center.
D．English
Research
Club.
答案：1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B
Ⅱ．Read
the
text
again
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Manyvarietiesof
English
◆English
is
spoken
as
an
1．______
language
in
more
than
60
countries
across
the
world.◆Pronunciation，as
well
as
grammar
and
vocabulary，can
be
2．______
from
place
to
place.
Australia
◆Australian
English
has
3．______
of
English
spoken
in
Britain.◆The
main
differences
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
4．______
in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.
Jamaica
◆The
variety
of
English
spoken
in
Jamaica
has
some
of
the
grammatical
features
of
the
5．______
languages
spoken
by
the
ancestors
of
the
Jamaican
people.◆Another
feature
is
the
6．______
of
rap
music.
Singapore
◆English
is
a
7．______
language.◆The
most
common
variety
of
English
spoken
is
known
as
Singlish.
答案：1．official 2．different 3．traces 4．lie 5．African 6．rhythm 7．second
1．The
quality
of
someone's
voice
and
their
choice
of
words
make
a
person
instantly
recognisable，even
though
you
can't
see
him
or
her.（P44）
一个人的音质及措词都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。
1）instantly
adv.
立即，马上，即刻
When
they
heard
a
cry
for
help，they
rushed
out
of
the
room
instantly.
当听到呼救声的时候，他们立刻冲出门外。
An
oil
heater
was
knocked
over
and
burst
instantly
into
flames.
油加热器被碰倒了，顿时燃起了一片大火。
instantly
conj.
一……就……（相当于as
soon
as），类似的还有immediately，directly，表示“一……就”。
instant
adj.
立即的；紧急的；（食品）速溶的，方便的
n.
瞬间
instant
coffee
速溶咖啡
in
an
instant
立刻，一会儿
for
an
instant
暂时，一时
2）recognisable
adj.
能辨认的，能认出的
The
building
is
easily
recognisable
as
a
hospital.
很容易看出这个建筑物是一家医院。
recognise
v.
承认，识别
recognition
n.
赞誉，承认，认识
recognisably
adv.
可被认识地，可辨别地
（1）我一回家就给你打电话。
I'll
phone
you
______
______
______
______.
（2）老师要求我们马上做完作业。
Our
teacher
wanted
our
homework
______
______.
（3）我几乎认不出她就是我上学时认识的那个女孩了。
She
______
______
______
as
the
girl
I
had
known
at
school.
答案：（1）instantly
I
get
home （2）done
instantly （3）was
barely
recognisable
2．It
is
also
quite
easy
to
tell
British
and
American
English
apart.（P44）
要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。
tell...apart
区分开，识别，辨别（同义词：tell
the/a
difference
between...and...＝tell...from...）
The
little
boy
can't
tell
the
good
from
the
bad.
这小男孩不知好歹。
Can
you
tell
the
twins
apart
你能区分开这对双胞胎吗？
I
don't
know
which
one
is
mine.I
can't
tell
them
apart.
我不知道哪个是我的。我无法分辨它们。
tell的相关短语归纳：
tell...by...根据……判断……
tell...from...区分……和……
tell
the
difference
between...and...讲出……和……的区别
（1）用tell的相关短语完成句子
①You
can
______
which
student
hasn't
recited
the
English
text
______
the
look
on
their
faces.
②The
markings
are
not
clear
so
it
is
difficult
to
______
them
______.
③I
can't
______
the
difference
______
the
two
sisters，while
their
mother
can.
答案：①tell；by ②tell；apart ③tell；between
（2）A
skilled
worker
can
______13
dark
colours
______.
A．tell；from
B．tell；on
C．tell；straight
D．tell；apart
答案：D
提示：句意：一个技术娴熟的工人能够辨别13种暗颜色。tell...from...“把……和……区别开来”；tell
on“告发；说……坏话”；tell
sb.straight“直率地告诉某人”；
tell
sth.apart“分清，区分”。
3．Perhaps
correctness
doesn't
matter
—
as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other
—
it's
communication
that
counts.（P44）
也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
1）matter
v.
重要，要紧，有关系
Does
it
matter
a
great
deal
to
her
whether
they
come
or
not
他们是否来，这与她有很大关系吗？
It
doesn't
matter
how
far
it
is；we
can
go
by
bike.
路远也不要紧，我们可以骑车去。
It
doesn't
matter.没关系。
matter
n.
事情；问题；麻烦事，毛病；物质
It
is
a
matter
of...
这是一个……的问题。
What's
the
matter（with...）
（……）怎么了？出了什么毛病？
as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上，实际上
2）as
long
as
只要
As
long
as
every
one
offers
a
little
love
to
the
others，the
whole
world
will
be
full
of
love.
只要人人都奉献一点爱，这个世界将充满爱。
as
long
as引导条件状语从句时，与以下连词用法完全相同：if，so
long
as，on
condition
that。
as
long
as作为形容词比较结构意为“和……一样长”。
3）count
v.
计数，认为，指望（on）；重要，有价值；起作用
His
opinions
count
because
of
his
experience.
因为他有经验，所以他的意见很重要。
Can
you
count
1
up
to
100
in
English
你能用英语从1数到100吗？
count
in
把……算在内
count
out
不把……算在内，不包括
count
on/upon
依靠，依赖，指望
count
down
倒计时
count...as...
认为，看作
count
up（to）数；得出总数
4）It's
communication
that
counts.为强调句型。
It
is
not
what
you
said
but
what
you
did
that
counts.
重要的不是你说了什么而是你做了什么。
强调句的构成：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
强调句的疑问句式：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
强调句的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was
it＋that/who＋句子其他成分
（1）然而这没有关系，因为正如他一向所说的，人要活到老学到老。
But
______
______
______，for，as
he
has
often
remarked，one
is
never
______
______
______
______.
答案：this
doesn't
matter；too
old
to
learn
（2）You
can
borrow
my
car
______
you
promise
not
to
drive
too
fast.
A．unless
B．even
if
C．in
case
D．as
long
as
答案：D
提示：考查从属连词。句意：你可以借我的车，只要你保证不开得太快。as
long
as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。unless“如果不，除非”；even
if“即使，纵然”；in
case“假使，免得，以防”。
（3）—Our
holiday
cost
a
lot
of
money.
—Did
it？Well，that
doesn't
matter
______
you
enjoyed
yourselves.
A．as
long
as
B．unless
C．as
soon
as
D．though
答案：A
提示：考查as
long
as引导的条件状语从句。句意：——我们的假期耗费了我们很多钱。——是吗？只要你们玩得高兴，那没什么关系。unless“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not；as
soon
as“一……就……”；though“虽然”，都不符合句意。
（4）It
doesn't
______
whether
you
are
Asian，American
or
European；we
are
all
the
same.
A．depend
B．work
C．help
D．matter
答案：D
提示：句意：你是亚洲人，美洲人还是欧洲人，这不重要；我们都一样。matter
vi.
“要紧，重要”；whether引导的句子是真正的主语，it为形式主语。
（5）我们每个人都必须珍惜在课堂上的时间，每一秒钟都很重要。
Every
one
of
us
must
value
the
time
at
class.______
______
______.
答案：Every
second
counts
（6）It
was
not
until
I
came
here
______
I
realized
this
place
was
famous
for
not
only
its
beauty
but
also
its
weather.
A．who
B．that
C．where
D．before
答案：B
提示：句意：我直到来到这儿才意识到此处出名的不仅是它的美而且还有这里的天气。判断强调句式的方法是将it
is/was...that去掉时句式是否完整。不难看出此处是强调not
until引导的时间状语。故B项正确。
（7）It
was
80
years
before
Christopher
Columbus
crossed
the
Atlantic
______
Zheng
He
had
sailed
to
East
Africa.
A．when
B．that
C．after
D．since
答案：B
提示：强调的是时间状语，故用that来引导。句意：是在克里斯托弗·哥伦布横渡大西洋80年前，郑和就已经航海到了非洲东部。故选B项。
4．But
the
main
differences
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
lie
in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.（P44）
但澳大利亚英语和其他几种英语的最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。
lie
in
在于
His
success
lies
in
his
hard
work.
他的成功在于勤奋的工作。
Happiness
doesn't
lie
in
happiness，but
in
the
achievement
of
it.
幸福不在于它本身，而在于追求的过程。
1）lie
down
躺下休息
lie
in/on/to
the
east
of
位于……的东部/东面
lie
awake
醒着
2）a
white/black
lie
善意/恶意的谎言
lay
the
table
摆桌子
lay
off
解雇
lay...aside
储存
lay
down
one's
life
for
为……献出生命
（1）选择方框中短语的适当形式替换句子中的画线成分
①My
failure
lay_in
my
carelessness
while
his
hard
work
leads
to
his
success.
②A
hen
is
laying
an
egg
behind
a
tree.
③He
didn't
want
to
lie
to
his
girlfriend
or
it
would
hurt
her
indeed.
答案：①is
determined
by ②bearing ③don't
tell
the
truth
（2）事故的原因是司机酗酒后驾车。
The
accident
______
______
the
driver's
driving
after
drinking
heavily.
答案：lies
in
（3）The
store
had
to
______
a
number
of
shop
assistants
because
sales
were
down.
A．lay
down
B．lay
out
C．lay
off
D．lay
aside
答案：C
提示：lay
down“把……放下”；lay
out“花费”；lay
off“解雇”；lay
aside“积蓄”，根据题意选C项。
5．Today
there
is
a
debate
in
Singapore
about
which
variety
of
English
is
the
best...（P45）
今天在新加坡有一种关于哪种英语最好的争论……
debate
n.
讨论；辩论 v.
讨论；争论
A
fierce
debate
on
the
tax
cut
was
going
on.
一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行中。
The
government
is
debating
the
education
laws.
政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
under
debate
正在辩论中
beyond
debate
无可争辩
hold
a
debate
举行辩论
debate
about
sth.
with
sb.
与某人争论……
debate
doing
sth.
讨论做某事
辨析：debate，discuss与argue
debate
辩论的目的在于说服对方。
discuss
从不同的观点出发讨论某事。
argue
条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由。
（1）Recently
our
class
held
a
fierce
______
as
to
whether
to
raise
the
price
of
school
meals
or
not.
A．bargain
B．debate
C．quarrel
D．contest
答案：B
提示：考查名词辨析。句意：最近我们班就是否提高学校饭菜的价格展开了激烈的讨论。debate“讨论，辩论”；hold
a
debate“举行辩论”；bargain“讨价还价”；quarrel“吵架，争论”；contest“竞赛”。
（2）The
whole
question
of
compensation（赔偿）is
still
under
______.
A．debate
B．circumstance
C．cover
D．control
答案：A
提示：句意：整个赔偿的问题仍然在讨论之中。under
debate“正在讨论/辩论之中”，符合句意。circumstance“情况”；under
cover“秘密地”；control“控制”。
