Module
6 The
Tang
Poems
功能
Writing
an
essay
句型
1．It
is
said
that
he
drowned
when
he
fell
into
a
river
while
trying
to
take
hold
of
the
reflection
of
the
Moon.→It
is
said...据说……，it是形式主语，that引导从句是真正的主语。2．The
school
has
collected
some
of
the
students'
poems
and
published
them
in
a
book
which
is
being
sold
to
raise
funds
for
a
local
hospital.→which引导的定语从句中用了现在进行时态的被动语态，表示正在进行的被动动作。
语法
Review
of
modal
verbs复习情态动词
写作
Writing
an
essay
考点
情态动词 approve
21世纪教育网
本文介绍了中英两位著名的浪漫主义诗人——李白和华兹华斯。来认识一下他们吧！
Li
Bai（701～762）
Romanticism
has
been
a
part
of
human
creative
expression
for
centuries
all
over
the
world.Li
Bai，one
of
China's
greatest
poets，wrote
during
the
Tang
Dynasty，hundreds
of
years
before
Wordsworth.His
free，vivid
and
exaggerated（夸张的）style
of
poetry
is
in
many
ways
an
early
form
of
the
Romanticism
of
19th century
Europe．As
with
Wordsworth
and
his
contemporaries（同代人），Li
Bai's
poems
are
about
beautiful
natural
scenes
and
the
people
who
touched
his
heart.As
a
boy，Li
Bai
lived
in
Sichuan
with
his
family．At
the
age
of
25，he
began
travelling
around
the
country.He
made
friends
with
scholars
and
kept
journals.His
travels
were
the
basis
for
his
life's
works
of
more
than
2000
poems，of
which
approximately
1800
have
survived
to
be
read
today.
William
Wordsworth（1770～1850）
William
Wordsworth
was
a
famous
romantic
poet
in
England.In
fact，his
name
is
synonymous（等同于……的）with
the
English
Romantic
movement.
Wordsworth
grew
up
in
one
of
the
most
beautiful
areas
of
England.This
area
is
called
the
Lake
District.The
countryside
there
is
wild，natural
and
beautiful.Wordsworth's
childhood
greatly
influenced
his
later
poetry.
As
an
adult，Wordsworth
worked
together
with
the
fellow
poet，Samuel
Taylor
Coleridge.In
1798，they
published
a
book
of
poetry
called
Lyrical
Ballads（《抒情歌谣集》）．This
book
announced
the
beginning
of
the
English
Romantic
movement.Its
poems
used
language
and
situations
from
real
life，and
celebrated
nature
in
a
new
way.The
book
was
a
great
change
from
the
poetry
of
the
past.
诱思探究
Decide
whether
the
following
statements
are
true（T）or
false（F）．
1．When
he
was
a
child，Li
Bai
travelled
to
Sichuan
with
his
family.（ ）
2．Wordsworth's
childhood
had
a
great
influence
on
his
poems.（ ）
3．Lyrical
Ballads
marked
the
climax
of
the
English
Romantic
movement.（ ）
答案：1．F 2．T 3．F
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．______
n.
相识的人，泛泛之交→______
v.使认识
答案：acquaintance；acquaint
2．______
n.
扩张→______
v.
扩大，扩张
答案：expansion；expand
3．______
adj.
宽容的，容忍的→______
n.
宽容，容忍→______
v.
容忍，宽容
答案：tolerant；tolerance；tolerate
4．______
adj.
无规律的；不规则的→______
adv.
有规律地→______
adj.
有规律的
答案：irregular；regularly；regular
5．______
n.倒影→______
v.
反映，反射
答案：reflection；reflect
6．______
adj.
内心的，精神上的→______
adv.
精神上地→______
adj.
身体上的→______
adv.
身体上，根据自然法则答案：mental；mentally；physical；physically
7．______
v.
警告，劝……小心→______
adj.
小心的，谨慎的
答案：caution；cautious
8．______
n.
启程；上路→______
v.
出发
答案：departure；depart
9．______
v.
提供；捐→______
n.
捐赠（物）
答案：donate；donation
10．______
n.
想象；空想→______
v.
想象→______
adj.想象的；虚构的
答案：imagination；imagine；imaginary
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．____________
抓住
答案：take
hold
of/catch
hold
of
2．____________提前，预先 in
advance
of
____________
答案：in
advance；预先；事先
3．____________
满足……的要求
答案：cater
for
4．____________
与……通信 ____________
相当的，相似的
答案：correspond
with；correspond
to
5．____________
异口同声的 in
chorus
____________
答案：a
chorus
of；一齐，一致
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．______
______
foreign
countries
created
a
tolerant
and
cosmopolitan
culture.
与外国人之间的贸易促成了宽容和包罗万象的文化。
答案：Trade
with
2．______
is
no
single
answer
______
the
question.
这个问题的答案不止一个。
答案：There；to
3．It
______
______
all
tastes
and
included
living
and
dead
poems
from
the
homeland
and
from
all
over
the
English speaking
world...
它迎合了各种品味的人，包括来自本国的和世界上所有说英语的国家的生动的和乏味的诗歌……
答案：catered
for
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary
Ⅰ．Read
the
text
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
The
Tang
Dynasty
was
one
of
the
great
1.______
in
Chinese
history
when
the
Chinese
2.______
and
foreign
cultures
3.______
each
other．Cultural
development
went
4.______
with
technological
progress
and
literature
such
as
poetry.People
who
could
write
good
poems
were
more
5.______
to
become
government
officials.Of
many
poets
Li
Bai
and
Du
Fu
were
the
greatest．Although
their
poem
styles
were
quite
6.______，it
still
didn't
prevent
them
7.______
becoming
good
friends.If
Du
Fu
was
a
8.______，then
Li
Bai
was
a
9.______.
答案：1．dynasties 2．culture 3．influenced 4．together 5．likely 6．different 7．from 8．realist 9．romantic
Ⅱ．Read
the
text
again
and
choose
the
correct
answer.1．The
Tang
Dynasty
______.
A．was
the
greatest
dynasty
in
Chinese
history
B．was
from
681
to
709
C．wasn't
a
time
of
expansion
D．reached
as
far
as
Siberia
at
its
high
point
2．What
perhaps
influenced
China
most
in
the
Tang
Dynasty
A．Buddhism.
B．Trade.
C．Customs.
D．Laws.
3．What
were
NOT
mentioned
in
this
passage
A．Seng
Yixing.
B．Computers.
C．Literature.
D．Medical
schools.
4．Why
did
people
enjoy
writing
poems
in
the
Tang
Dynasty
A．There
are
lots
of
rules
which
govern
the
tones.
B．Tang
poetry
was
better
than
everything
that
had
come
before
it.
C．A
good
poet
had
a
better
chance
of
getting
a
good
job.
D．Lots
of
people
became
interested
in
poetry.
5．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
A．Li
Bai
drowned
when
he
fell
into
a
river.
B．Du
Fu
painted
a
realistic
picture
of
the
problems
of
his
age.
C．Li
Bai
is
called
the
“poet
of
history”
or
“the
mirror
of
his
time”．
D．Du
Fu
and
Li
Bai
met
in
744
and
became
friends.
答案：1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C
1．Who
do
you
think
the
poet's
“friend”
is？A
close
friend
or
an
acquaintance？（P71）
你认为谁是诗人的朋友？亲密朋友还是一般朋友？
acquaintance
n.[C]相识的人；泛泛之交；熟人 [U]熟悉，了解
We
talk
as
if
we
were
old
acquaintances.
我们就好像是老相识般谈话。
He
has
some
little
acquaintance
with
the
Japanese
language.
他稍微会一点儿日语。
make
sb.'s
acquaintance＝make
the
acquaintance
of
sb.结识某人
have（no）acquaintance
with
对……（不）了解
on
further/closer
acquaintance
进一步了解之后
have
a
nodding
acquaintance
with
与某人有点头之交；对某事所知甚少
acquaint
vt.
使熟悉
acquaint
oneself/sb.with
sth.使熟悉，了解
acquainted
adj.
熟知的，知晓的
be
acquainted
with
sb./sth.认识某人/某物
（1）She
is
only
a（n）______，not
a
friend
of
mine.
A．acquaintance
B．familiarity
C．announcement
D．family
答案：A
提示：根据后句“not
a
friend
of
mine”可知，我与她仅仅是“认识”，所以用acquaintance（认识的人）。
（2）I
have
some
______
with
Japanese，but
I
don't
speak
it
fluently.
A．resistance
B．acknowledgement
C．acquaintance
D．access
答案：C
提示：have
some
acquaintance
with“对……了解”。句意：我略懂些日语，但说得不流利。resistance
“抵抗，反抗”；acknowledgement“承认，致谢”；access“接近，进入”，常与介词to连用。
2．Trade
with
foreign
countries
created
a
tolerant
and
cosmopolitan
culture.（P72）
与外国人之间的贸易促成了宽容和包罗万象的文化。
tolerant
adj.
宽容的；容忍的
Husband
and
wife
should
be
tolerant
and
understanding
with
each
other.
夫妻应该互相宽容并互相理解。
It
is
better
to
be
tolerant
of
others
than
criticize
them
sometimes.
有时候，容忍别人要比批评别人好得多。
be
tolerant
of/towards
对……能容忍、宽容
tolerate
v.
容忍，忍受，能经受（治疗）
tolerance
n.
容忍，宽容
单词拼写
（1）They
have
planted
many
trees
which
are______（宽容）of
extreme
heat.
（2）Few
animals
can
______（忍受）sudden
changes
in
temperature.
（3）Helen
Keller
said
that______（宽容）is
the
greatest
gift
of
the
mind.
答案：（1）tolerant （2）tolerate （3）tolerance
3．The
invention
of
printing
about
this
time
meant
that
knowledge
could
be
recorded
and
shared
as
never
before.（P72）
这个时期印刷术的发明则意味着史无前例的知识记载和分享。
share
v.
分享，共享；均分
n.一份；一股；份额
We
don't
have
enough
books
for
everyone，so
you'll
have
to
share.
我们的书不够每人一本，所以你们要合着用。
The
last
bus
had
gone，so
the
three
of
us
shared
a
taxi.
最后一班公共汽车已经开走，所以我们3人合乘一辆计程车。
share（in）sth.分摊或分享某物
share
sth.with
sb.与某人共用/享某物
share
sth.among/between
sb.将某物平均分配
share
the
joys
and
hardships
同甘共苦
（1）我们需要拥抱，大笑，与我们的家人、朋友甚至我们的宠物分享我们的情感。
We
need
to
hug，laugh
and
______
______
______
______
family，friends，and
even
our
pets.
（2）他死后，财产就分给了子女们。
After
his
death，his
property
was
______
______
______
his
children.
（3）我上大学时和她共住一个房间。
I
______
______
______
______
her
at
college.
答案：（1）share
our
feelings
with （2）shared
out
between （3）shared
a
room
with
4．But
during
his
lifetime
he
never
became
famous；in
fact，he
thought
of
himself
as
a
failure.（P73）
但在有生之年他一直没有成名；事实上他认为自己是一个失败者。
think
of...as认为……是……，把……看作……
Little
children
often
think
of
what
the
teacher
says
as
a
truth.
小孩总是把老师的话看作是真理。
We
now
think
of
the
car
as
being
essential
rather
than
a
luxury.
我们现在认为汽车是必不可少的，而不是什么奢侈品。
regard...as...把……当作……
look
on...as...把……看作……
consider...as...把……当作……
treat...as...把……当……对待
think
highly/little
of...高度评价/评价不高
What
do
you
think
of...？你认为……怎么样？
（1）不要把简历首页认为是自传，它应该是简明扼要的。
Do
not
______
your
cover
letter
______
an
autobiography；it
should
be
brief
and
to
the
point.
（2）你认为昨晚的音乐会怎么样？
____________
the
concert
last
night
（3）总统高度赞扬了他的作品。
The
president
____________
his
works.
答案：（1）think
of；as （2）What
do
you
think
of （3）thinks
highly
of
5．These
include
the
sufferings
of
the
poor，and
the
corruption
of
the
rich.（P73）
他的诗描写了劳苦大众的苦难和达官贵人的腐败。
suffering
n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；苦难
She
told
me
all
about
her
sufferings
in
the
past.
她告诉了我她过去经受的所有的苦。
The
patient
kept
complaining
of
his
suffering
all
night.
那个患者整个晚上不停地叫苦。
suffer
v.
遭受，承受
辨析：suffer与suffer
from
suffer
遭受，承受
宾语为pain，loss，hardship，damage，defeat等抽象名词。
suffer
from
受……折磨，患……病
其后常接war，earthquake，cancer
等具体名词。
用suffer，suffer
from的正确形式填空。
（1）He
was
____________
which
had
already
reached
an
advanced
stage.
他的癌症已经到晚期了。
（2）They
____________
huge
losses
in
the
financial
crisis.
他们在金融危机时遭受了巨大的损失。
（3）对未来的向往使他们经受住了战争年代的种种苦难。
The
hope
for
the
future
brought
them
through
all
______
during
the
war.
（4）他患有头疼。
He
____________
headache.
答案：（1）suffering
from
cancer （2）suffered （3）the
sufferings （4）suffers
from
6．It
is
said
that
he
drowned
when
he
fell
into
a
river
while
trying
to
take
hold
of
the
reflection
of
the
Moon.（P73）
据说他在试图捉月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。
1）It
is
said
that...据说……，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
It
is
said
that
the
explorer
was
the
first
to
set
foot
on
the
island.
→The
explorer
is
said
to
be
the
first
to
set
foot
on
the
island.
→People
say
that
the
explorer
was
the
first
to
set
foot
on
the
island.
据说这位探险家是第一个登上这个小岛的人。
2）take
hold
of
抓住（＝catch
hold
of）
The
old
man
stuck
out
his
hands
but
took
hold
of
nothing
and
fell
into
the
water.
那位老人伸出手，却没有抓住任何东西，随即掉入水里。
hold
sb./sth.back阻止，阻挡，抑制
hold
on等一下，不挂断，稍等
hold
out
维持；保持
（1）I
managed
to
______
the
plate
before
it
fell.
A．take
in
B．take
for
C．take
hold
of
D．take
care
of
答案：C
提示：句意：在盘子掉在地上之前我把它抓住了。take
hold
of“抓住”。take
in“欺骗；吸收”；take
for无此搭配；take
care
of“照顾”。
（2）据说他从国外回来了。
①It
______
______
______
he
has
come
back
from
abroad.
②He
is
______
______
______
come
back
from
abroad.
③______
______
______
he
has
come
back
from
abroad.
答案：①is
said
that ②said
to
have ③People
say
thatModule
6 The
Tang
Poems
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Read
Cultural
Corner
and
answer
the
following
questions.
1．What
did
English
Romantic
poets
focus
on
________________________________________________________________________2．Who
devoted
his
life
in
the
war
to
gain
independence
________________________________________________________________________
3．What
was
the
typical
feature
of
the
Romantic
poets
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1．What
was
happening
in
the
rest
of
the
continent.
2．Byron.
3．They
lived
hard
and
died
young.
1．The
school
has
collected
some
of
the
students'
poems
and
published
them
in
a
book
which
is
being
sold
to
raise
funds
for
a
local
hospital.（P79）学校搜集了学生们的一些诗歌，出版在一本书上，卖书款捐给当地的医院。
raise
funds
for
为了……筹集资金
Five
famous
pianists
held
a
concert
to
raise
funds
for
the
poor
children.
五位著名的钢琴家举办了一场音乐会，为贫穷的孩子们集资。
单句改错
（1）Look！An
old
chair
is
sold
to
afford
the
boy's
schooling.What
a
pity!________________________________________________________________________
（2）These
families
may
rise
sheep
as
their
chief
occupation.
________________________________________________________________________
（3）The
plane
was
able
to
raise
and
then
it
cleared
the
mountains
by
400
feet.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：（1）sold前加being
（2）rise→raise （3）raise→rise
2．London
Underground
approved
of
the
idea，and
once
sponsors
had
been
found
to
pay
the
expenses
for
half
the
spaces，they
agreed
to
pay
for
the
other
half.（P81）
伦敦地铁处赞成这个意见，一旦找到为诗歌所占空间的一半付费用的赞助商，他们就同意承担另一半费用。
approve
of...赞成……，同意……
The
teacher
looked
at
John's
homework
and
approved
it.
老师看了约翰的作业后表示赞许。
Do
you
approve
of
the
new
design 你赞成这种新设计吗？
approval
n.
赞同，赞许，批准
disapprove
vt.
不同意，不赞同
disapprove
of
不同意……；不赞同……
win/earn
sb.'s
approval
得到某人的赞许
meet
with
sb.'s
approval
得到某人的批准
on
approval
包退，包换的
（1）Finally，my
thanks
go
to
my
tutor，who
has
offered
a
lot
of
suggestions
and
comments
on
my
paper
and______
every
page
of
my
draft.
A．approved
B．quotedC．polished
D．folded
答案：C
提示：句意：最后，我要向我的导师表示感谢，他为我的论文提供了很多建议和意见，并为我的草稿的每一页都进行了润色。approve“支持，赞同”；quote“引用，引述”；polish“修改，润色”；fold“折叠，对折”。
（2）—It
is
said
that
some
people
are
against
the
plan.
—But
more
______
it.
A．pray
for
B．protest
against
C．approve
of
D．complain
about
答案：C
提示：句意：——据说有些人反对那个计划。——但是更多的人支持它。approve
of“赞成，支持”。
3．TICKETS
AND
TRAINS，THIS
WAY
DOWN，CAUTION！（P81）
买票乘车要从这里向下，小心！
caution
v.
告诫；使小心 n.
小心；告诫
We
are
cautioned
not
to
make
a
lot
of
noise
after
ten
in
the
evening.
我们得到告诫晚上十点以后不要大声喧闹。
We
were
cautioned
against
using
that
bridge.
有人警告我们不要从那座桥上过去。
Researchers
cautioned
that
the
drug
had
a
strong
side
effect.
研究者警告说这种药有很大的副作用。
with
caution＝cautiously
小心地；谨慎地
caution
sb.that...警告某人……
caution
sb.against（doing）sth.警告某人不要干某事/谨防某事
cautious
adj.
谨慎的，小心的
be
cautious
about/against/of
doing
sth.小心谨慎地干某事
（1）别人提醒我们驾车不要太快。
①We
______
______
______
______
______
too
fast.
②We
______
______
______
fast
driving.
（2）我们必须谨慎行事。
We
must
proceed
______
______.
（3）我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
I've
always
______
______
______
______
giving
my
address
to
strangers.
答案：（1）①were
cautioned
not
to
drive ②were
cautioned
against （2）with
caution （3）been
very
cautions
about/of/against
4．It
catered
for
all
tastes
and
included
living
and
dead
poems
from
the
homeland
and
from
all
over
the
English speaking
world，and
especially
poems
which
have
associations
with
London.（P81）
它迎合了各种品味的人，包括来自本国和世界上所有讲英语的国家的生动和乏味的诗歌……
cater
for
满足……的要求；提供饮食及服务；为（宴会）提供饮食及服务
As
a
teacher，he
ought
to
cater
for
what
the
students
want
at
class.
作为老师，他应该尽量满足学生在课堂上的要求。
Now
more
and
more
young
couples
prefer
to
have
their
weddings
catered
for
not
at
home
but
in
great
hotels.
现在越来越多的年轻人宁愿在大酒店里，而不是在家里举办婚宴。
cater
to迎合，投合
（1）英译汉
①Will
the
restaurant
cater
to
our
special
requests
________________________________________________________________________
②The
small
hotel
caters
for
weddings
and
parties.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①这家饭店能满足我们的一些特殊要求吗？
②这家小旅馆承办婚礼和宴会酒席。
（2）单句改错
①The
doctors
and
nurses
cared
for
what
the
injured
villagers
needed.
________________________________________________________________________
②This
shop
can
care
for
the
need
of
the
customers
so
it
is
popular.
________________________________________________________________________
③Uncle
Dick
is
very
good
at
catering
for
sick
animals.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①cared→catered ②care→cater ③catering→caring
5．Another
Romantic
poet，Coleridge，was
probably
a
drug
addict，and
the
strange
journeys
of
his
mind
are
reflected
in
his
poems.（P83）
另一位浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治可能是位吸毒者，他那奇怪的思想历程反映在他的诗中。
reflect
vt.&vi.反射，反映；表现
White
clothes
are
cooler
because
they
reflect
the
heat.
白色的衣服因为反射热穿起来比较凉快。
reflect
sth.（from
sth.）（指物体表面）反射（光、热等）
reflect
sb./sth.（in
sth.）（镜子等）映出某人/某物的影像
reflect
on/upon仔细考虑
reflection
n.
倒影；反映，反射；深思
Just
as
the
clothes
a
person
wears，the
food
he
eats
and
the
friends
with
whom
he
spends
his
time，his
house
______
his
personality.
A．resembles
B．strengthens
C．reflects
D．shapes
答案：C
提示：句意：就像一个人所穿的衣服、吃的饭菜和他与之共度时光的朋友一样，他的房子也反映出他的个性。resemble“相似，像”；strengthen“加强”；reflect“反映，折射”；shape“成形，塑造”。所以C项正确。Module
6 The
Tang
Poems
Section
Ⅳ Writing
一、佳作展示与背诵
假定你是李华，David是你的美国笔友，他来信向你询问中国唐朝诗人李白的情况。请你根据以下信息给他写封回信。
李白（701～762）：我国唐朝重要的浪漫主义诗人
经历：年轻时勤于读书，深受儒家学说和道家学说的影响
25岁时开始游历生活
42岁时在朋友的推荐下进入宫廷
两年后离开宫廷并继续游历
成就：一生写下1000多首诗，表达了对大自然的热爱和对现实的不满评价：他的很多作品现在仍然很流行注意：1．请不要逐句翻译，注意文章的连贯性；2．词数：120～150；
3．参考词汇：儒家学说Confucianism；道家学说Taoism
参考范文：Dear
David，
In
your
last
email，you
asked
me
for
some
information
about
Li
Bai.Now
I
will
tell
you
something
about
him.Li
Bai，the
foremost
Romantic
poet
in
the
Tang
Dynasty，was
born
in
701
and
died
in
762．As
a
diligent
reader
in
his
youth，he
was
influenced
by
both
Confucianism
and
Taoism.He
started
out
at
25
to
travel
in
the
country．At
the
age
of
42，he
was
recommended
to
the
court
but
left
after
two
years
and
went
on
with
his
aimless
wandering
all
over
the
country.
In
all
his
life，he
wrote
more
than
a
thousand
poems，expressing
his
love
for
nature
and
dissatisfaction
with
the
reality
at
that
time.His
poetry
is
still
very
popular
and
recited
by
Chinese
people
today.
Yours，
Li
Hua
二、思路点拨
人物介绍属于记叙文（narration）的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所写短文中应包括人物（who）、时间（when）、地点（where）、主要事件（what）等内容。写作时，要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。此类文章一般包括几个基本方面的内容：
1．人物的基本信息（如：姓名、籍贯、出生年月、学历、职务等）。2．人物一生中的主要经历（在各年龄段所经历的反映人物思想风貌的典型事件）。
3．列举人物的贡献、功绩、科技成果、著作等。
4．对人物的功绩成败的评论。
【写作模板】
引出人物：Can
you...？/Do
you
know...
介绍人物：He
is...He
was
born...He
graduated
from...He
likes...
典型事迹：He
often...One
day...Not
only...but
also...
作出评价：He
is
called...We
all...
【常用句式】
1．He
looks
like...他看上去好像……
2．She
has
long
black
hair.她有一头长而黑的秀发。
3.
...was
born
in
a
poor/rich
family.
……出身于贫困的/富裕的家庭。
4．At
the
age
of...，he
moved
into...，and
then
graduated
from..在……岁时他搬到……，后来毕业于……
5．He
devoted
his
life
to
doing...他一生致力于……
6．This
may
be
the
most
unforgettable
experience
of
my
life.
这可能是我一生中最难忘的经历。
7．She
is
good
at.../does
well
in...她擅长……
8．He
used
to
be/have...他过去常常是（有）……
9．His
favorite
subject
is...他最喜欢的学科是……
三、经典句式
1．Li
Bai，the
foremost
Romantic
poet
in
the
Tang
Dynasty，was
born
in
701
and
died
in
762.
2．At
the
age
of
42，he
was
recommended
to
the
court
but
left
after
two
years
and
went
on
with
his
aimless
wandering
all
over
the
country.
3．In
all
his
life，he
wrote
more
than
a
thousand
poems，expressing
his
love
for
nature
and
dissatisfaction
with
the
reality
at
that
time.Module
6 The
Tang
Poems
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等等，但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的不定式（即动词原形）连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。朗读时，情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
有些情态动词没有过去式，如：must，ought
to；有些则有过去式，如：can—could，may—might，shall—should，will—would，have
to—had
to。
情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词not构成的。
1．对现在的情况进行猜测时，通常用“情态动词＋v.”的形式，具体情况如下：
情态动词
功能
例句
cancould
1）表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。2）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）。注：can和be
able
to
都可以表示能力，意思上没有太大区别；但can只有现在式和过去式（could），而be
able
to形式更多。
Man
cannot
live
without
water.没有水人不能生存。Can
this
be
true 这能是真的吗？
He
said
I
could
use
the
computer.他说我可以用这台电脑。I
thought
the
story
could
not
be
true.我想这个故事不是真的。A
cracked
bell
can
never
sound
well.破了的钟声音永远也不会好听。（谚语）This
cannot
be
done
by
him.这件事不可能是他做的。
maymight
1）表示许可。在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止，阻止”。2）用于祈使句中表示祝愿。注：表示可能性，有“或许”“可能”的意思，may或might＋动词原形都可以表示可能性。用might则语气更加不肯定。3）表示一件事或许会发生（或某种情况可能会存在）
—Might
I
use
your
pen 我能用你的钢笔吗？—No，you
mustn't.不，不可以。May
you
succeed!祝你成功！A
fool
may
give
a
wise
man
counsel.傻子也可能给聪明人出主意。（谚语）
musthave
to
1）must表示一种推测（只有在肯定句中才能这样用），这种推测比may表示的要肯定得多。2）表示必须、必要。回答must引出的问句时，否定推测不能用mustn't，因为mustn't是用来表示“禁止”的，而要用needn't或don't
have
to。3）have
to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但must与have
to有下列几点不同：①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have
to则往往强调客观需要。②must只有一种形式，have则涉及人称、时态等方面形式的变化。③二者的否定意义不大相同。④询问对方的意见时应用must。注：可以用have
got
to代替have
to。
This
must
be
your
pen.这肯定是你的钢笔。There
must
be
a
mistake.肯定是弄错了。—Must
we
hand
in
our
English
exercise
books 我们必须交英语作业吗？—Yes，you
must.（No，you
don't
have
to.）是的，你们必须要交。（不，你们不必交。）You
mustn't
go.你不许走。（带有很强的语气，表示“禁止、不允许”。）You
don't
have
to
go.你不必走。（表示“不必”。）Must
I
clean
the
room 我必须打扫房间吗？
shall（should）
1）shall用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的意愿。2）shall
用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的强烈愿望和决心。表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如要反映客观情况或涉及法律、义务和规定时一般用ought
to。在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought
to。
What
shall
we
do
this
evening 今晚我们要做什么？You
should
keep
your
promise.你应该遵守自己的诺言。There's
a
fine
sunset.It
ought
to
be
a
fine
day
tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天气。Don't
worry.You
shall
get
the
dictionary
this
afternoon.别着急，今天下午你一定会得到这本辞典。He
shall
do
it，whether
he
wants
or
not.不管他愿不愿意，他都应该做这项工作。
2．在对过去的情况进行推断时，通常用“情态动词＋have＋v. ed”的形式。
形 式
意 义
例 句
should/ought
to＋have
done
表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。
I
should
have
followed
your
advice.我本应该听从你的建议。You
should
have
started
earlier.你本来应该早点动身。
shouldn't/ought
not
to＋have
done
表示“本不应该做某事而做了”。
She
ought
not
to
have
stopped
her
work
halfway.她本不该工作半途而废。
would/wouldn't
have
done
就该（不）……
Without
your
help，I
wouldn't
have
passed
the
exam.没有你的帮助，我就不会通过考试了。
can't/couldn't
have
done
表示对过去情况的否定推测。不可能（已经）……
Without
your
help，I
can't
have
passed
the
exam.没有你的帮助，我不可能通过考试。He
couldn't
have
been
to
that
town.他不可能去过那个小镇。
must
have
done
表示对过去情况的推测。一定（已经）……，想必（已经）……
They
have
gone
there
by
air.They
must
have
arrived
by
now.他们是坐飞机去的，现在肯定到了。He
must
have
been
to
Shanghai
because
he
knows
Shanghai
very
well.他肯定去过上海，因为他对上海非常熟悉。
may/might
have
done
可能（已经）……
You
may
have
read
his
novel.你可能已读过他的小说。Tom
may（might）have
lost
a
lot
of
money
in
this
accident.Tom可能在这次事故中损失了一大笔钱。
may（might）not
have＋done
sth.
表示推测过去时间里不可能发生的事情。
He
may
not
have
finished
his
homework.他或许还没有完成作业。
（1）We
______
have
bought
so
much
food
now
that
Suzie
won't
be
with
us
for
dinner.
A．may
not
B．needn't
C．can't
D．mustn't
答案：B
提示：句意：既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。needn't
have
done表示原本不必要做某事，但事实上已经做了。
（2）Sorry，I
am
too
busy
now.If
I
______
time，I
would
certainly
go
for
an
outing
with
you.
A．have
had
B．had
had
C．have
D．had
答案：D
提示：句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中的谓语动词要用过去式。故D项正确。
（3）—______
you
interrupt
now？Can't
you
see
I'm
on
the
phone
—Sorry
Sir，but
it's
urgent.
A．Can
B．Should
C．Must
D．Would
答案：C
提示：由第一句可知说话者正忙着，不满意对方的打搅，must表示与说话者主观愿望相反或表示一种不耐烦的情绪，常译成
“偏要，偏偏”。can表示可能性；should表示应该；would表示将要，要，都不符合题意。句意：——你现在偏要打搅我，难道你没看见我正在打电话吗？——对不起，先生。但是有急事。故选C项。
（4）One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
______
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
A．might
B．could
C．shall
D．will
答案：C
提示：句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情。其他选择项均无此用法。
（5）I
got
close
enough
to
hear
them
speaking
Chinese，and
I
said
“Ni
Hao，”just
as
I______do
in
China.
A．must
B．might
C．can
D．should
答案：B
提示：might表示可能性。句意：我走近了，听见他们在说汉语。然后我就以在中国可能的打招呼方式说了声“你好”。must“必须，偏要”，can“能够，可能”，should“应该”，均不符合句意。
（6）If
my
car
______
more
reliable，I
would
have
driven
to
Lhasa
instead
of
flying
last
summer.
A．was
B．had
been
C．should
be
D．would
be
答案：B
提示：根据would
have
driven
可知是与过去的事实相反，
故if
条件句用过去完成时。句意：如果我的车子再可靠一点的话，我就会开车而不是乘飞机去拉萨了。
（7）I
______
thank
you
too
much
for
all
your
help
to
my
son
while
we
were
away
from
home.
A．won't
B．can't
C．can
D．will
答案：B
提示：句意：在我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can
not
或can
never
与too
much
连用表示“再……也不过分”。故选B项。
（8）I'm
going
to
Europe
on
vacation
together
with
John
if
I
______
find
the
money.
A．can
B．might
C．would
D．need
答案：A
提示：can“能够”；might“可能”；would“愿意”；need“需要”。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。故选A项。
（9）I
______use
a
clock
to
wake
me
up
because
at
six
o'clock
each
morning
the
train
comes
by
my
house.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．shouldn't
D．needn't
答案：D
提示：A项意为“不能够，不可以”；B项意为“禁止，绝对不可”；C项意为“不应该”；D项意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意判断应选D项，句意：我没有必要使用闹钟把我叫醒，因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过。
（10）If
we
______
adequate
preparations,
the
conference
wouldn't
have
been
so
successful.
A．haven't
made
B．wouldn't
make
C．didn't
make
D．hadn't
made
答案：D
提示：在if引导的条件虚拟句中，与过去情况相反的条件句用had
done的形式，主句为情态动词＋have
done。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议也就不会那么顺利。故选D项。
