庖丁巧解牛
知识·巧学
生词巧解
【词析】音析:第一个字母a读，第一个字母e读。
形析:talent(n.才能;才干;天才)+-ed(adj.)
义析:having
talent;
gifted
【典句】Wolfgang
Amadeus
Mozart
was
the
talented
composer
and
musician.
沃尔夫冈·阿马迪厄斯·莫扎特是个天才的作曲家和音乐家。
【拓展】近义词：gifted,其名词形式gift。
【辨析】genius,
talent和skill
1）genius(only
used
of
a
rare
ability
or
the
person
who
has
it)语意很重，只用于少见的有才华或有天才的人。如：
Einstein
was
a
genius.爱因斯坦是个天才。
2）talent(also
means
a
special
ability,
though
not
the
person
who
has
it)也表示特殊才能（它不指人本身）。如：
He
has
a
talent
for
painting.
他在绘画方面有天赋。
3）skill
(the
ability
to
do
sth.
well,
is
something
that
can
be
learned),talent
和genius都用来说明某人天生的能力，而skill指一种可以学到的本领技能，指可能做好某事的能力。如：
The
senator
answered
his
opponents’
questions
with
great
skill.
那参议员十分巧妙地回答了对手的问题。
【词析】音析:字母组合ar读;ch读[k];ture读。
形析:architect(n.建筑师;设计师)+-ture(n.)
义析:the
art
and
science
of
building,
including
its
planning
and
making
【典句】The
architect
is
good
at
architecture.
这位建筑师精于建筑。
【拓展】builder
n.建筑者
building
n.建筑;建筑术
architectural
adj.建筑上的;建筑学的
【词析】音析:字母g发\,字母i发。
形析:根词geometry
(n.几何学；几何图形)→geometric(adj.)
义析:of
geometry;
of
or
like
the
lines,
shapes,
etc.
used
in
geometry,
especially
because
of
having
regular
shapes
or
lines
【典句】Do
you
know
a
geometric
design
你知道几何设计吗？
【拓展】geo-地球的
geochemical地球化学的
geoscience地球科学
geography地理
geology地质学
geophysics地球物理学
geopolitics地缘政治学
【词析】音析:字母a发,字母组合er发，ie发。
形析:master+piece→masterpiece(n.)合成构词法
义析:a
work
of
art
such
as
a
painting,
film,
book,
ect.That
is
an
excellent,
or
the
best,
example
of
the
artist’s
work
【典句】The
museum
houses
several
of
his
cubist
masterpieces.
博物馆收藏了他的几件立体派杰作。
His
work
is
a
masterpiece
of
simplicity.
他的作品是朴实的典范。
【拓展】同义词masterwork杰作
【词析】音析:第一个a发，字母u发，第二个a发。
形析:可据三个音节记忆词形
义析:to
use
numbers
to
find
out
a
total
number,
amount,
distance,
etc.
【典句】We
haven’t
really
calculated
the
cost
of
the
vacation
yet.
我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。
Use
the
formula
to
calculate
the
volume
of
the
container.
用公式计算容器的体积。
【拓展】calculable
adj.可计算的;可估计的
calculated
adj.精心策划的
calculating
adj.精明的；精于算计的；工于心计的
calculation
n.计算
calculator
n.计算器
【词析】音析:字母a发，y发。
形析:前缀astro- 构成名词，形容词和副词;-nomy是表学科的名词词尾
义析:the
scientific
study
of
the
sun,
moon,
stars,
planets,
ect.
【典句】Do
you
like
to
study
astronomy
你愿意研究天文学吗？
【拓展】
前缀astro- 表示星（的）；天体（的）；外层空间（的）；宇宙空间（的）；如：
astronaut
宇航员
astrophysics
天体物理学
astrology占星学；占星术
astronomer
n.天文学家
astronomical
adj.天文学的;天文的
【词析】音析:字母a发。
义析:to
vary
between
two
particular
amounts,
sizes,
etc.
including
others
between
them
【典句】She
has
had
a
number
of
different
jobs,
ranging
from
chef
to
swimming
instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
【拓展】to
rang
in
size/length/price
from
A
to
B型号/长度/价格在A到B之间变动rang
from...to...从……到……
range
between...and...在……和……之间
【词析】音析:字母组合oa
发。
义析:to
stay
on
or
near
the
surface
of
a
liquid
and
not
sink;
to
make
sth.
move
on
or
near
the
surface
of
a
liquid
【典句】Can
you
float
on
your
back
你能仰浮吗？
They
float
the
logs
down
the
river
to
the
towns.
他们把圆木沿河漂流至城镇。
【拓展】floating
adj.不固定的；流动的;浮动的
a
floating
population流动人口
【词析】音析:字母o发。
形析:单音节词可根据发音记忆词形
义析:a
small
area
of
still
water,
especially
one
that
is
artificial
【典句】He
was
sitting
near
the
fish
pond.
他坐在鱼池边上。
【拓展】across
the
pond
在大西洋彼岸
【词析】音析:ea组合发;
ful发[fl]。形析:peace
(n.和平)+-ful(形容词后缀)
义析:
quiet
and
calm;
not
worried
or
disturbed
in
anyway;
not
involving
a
war,
violence
or
argument;
trying
to
create
peace
or
to
live
in
peace
【典句】It’s
so
peaceful
out
here
in
the
country.
这里的郊外一切都那么宁静。
They
hope
for
a
peaceful
settlement
of
the
dispute.
他们希望和平解决争端。
【拓展】peace
和平
peaceable和平的;安宁的
【辨析】peace和peacefulness
1）peace
指和平，平静，安宁的状态或形势
world
peace世界和平
I
just
need
some
peace
and
quiet.我需要的只是平静与安宁。
2）peacefulness
不常用，指和平、平静、安宁的性质
【词析】音析:ee字母组合发。
义析:(formal
or
literary)to
cry,
usually
because
you
are
sad
【典句】She
started
to
weep
uncontrollably.
她不由自主地哭了起来。
【拓展】She
wept
over
her
failure.她因失败而哭泣。
He
wept
for
joy.他高兴得流泪了。
I
wept
to
see
him
looking
so
sick.
看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。
轻轻告诉你 Practice
makes
perfect.熟能生巧。
She
wept
bitter
tears.她痛哭流涕。
过去式（wept）
过去分词(wept)
weepy
adj.眼泪汪汪的;动不动就哭;爱哭的
weeping
adj.流泪的;哭泣的
【辨析】weep哭泣，指小声或无声的哭泣，尤指痛哭流涕，多用于书面语。
sob呜咽,指因极度悲伤，痛苦而呜咽，抽泣，尤指泣不成声。
sniffle抽鼻子哭。cry大哭，喊叫,一般指因悲伤、痛苦、愤怒或恐惧而哭泣，通常指哭出声来。
【词析】音析:th发，
or发。
形析:thunder(雷声、雷)+storm=thunderstorm(n.)合成构词法
义析:a
storm
with
thunder
and
lightening
and
usually
very
heavy
rain
【典句】The
fisherman
was
caught
in
a
thunderstorm.
渔夫碰上了雷暴。
【拓展】thundercloud雷雨云
thunderous
adj.雷鸣般的
thunderous
applause雷鸣般的掌声
【辨析】storm n.暴风雨 thunderstorm雷雨
blizzard大暴风雪 hurricane飓风
whirlwind(tornado,
cyclone)龙卷风
typhoon台风
【词析】音析:th发，u发。
形析:根据两个音节的发音记词形
义析:the
loud
noise
that
you
hear
after
a
flash
of
lightening
during
a
storm
【典句】Thunder
crashed
in
the
sky.
霹雳在空中炸响。
【拓展】a
long
roll
of
thunder
隆隆的雷声
a
thunder
of
applause
雷鸣般的掌声
thundering
adj.打雷的;雷鸣似的
【词析】音析:ai发,
ow发。
形析:rain(n.雨)+bow(n.弓)=rainbow(n.)联想彩虹的形状。
义析:an
arch
of
different
colours
that
appears
in
the
sky
when
the
sun
shines
through
rain
【典句】There
is
a
rainbow
after
the
rain.
雨后出现了一道彩虹。
oil
painting
油画
【词析】a
picture
that
has
been
painted
【典句】It’s
a
collection
of
oil
paintings
by
American
artists.
这是一本美国艺术家油画作品集。
【辨析】drawing
黑白色的钢笔或铅笔线条画;素描
painting指绘画;油画;用颜料看色的画
sketch速写;草图
picture广义的图画;现常用来指相片
illustration书籍中的插图
mural壁画
cartoon讽刺性的漫画
【词析】音析:字母a发。
形析:abs-
前缀表“远离”，抽象即“远离”具体实物之意。
义析:based
on
general
ideas
and
not
on
any
particular
real
person
existing
in
thought
or
as
an
idea
but
not
thing
or
situation
【典句】We
may
talk
about
beautiful
things
but
beauty
itself
is
abstract.
我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。
【拓展】其反义词为concrete具体的；有形的
【词析】音析:字母组合ar发。
形析:合成词art+work=artwork(n.)
义析:a
work
of
art,
especially
are
in
a
museum
【典句】These
artworks
are
very
valuable.
这些艺术作品非常有价值。
【拓展】artwork作“艺术作品”讲时，是可数名词。
【词析】音析:ar发。
形析:star(n.星星)+-ry(后缀)=starry(adj.)
义析:full
of
stars
【典句】a
beautiful
starry
night
繁星满天的美丽夜晚
【拓展】类似的构词法
snow+-y=snowy
wind+-y=windy
rain+-y=rainy
【词析】音析:字母e发。
形析:单音节词根据发音记忆词形
义析:used
to
refer
to
a
person
【典句】John
gave
his
whole
self
to
the
career.
约翰把他奉献给了事业。
【拓展】selfish
adj.自私的;利己的
selfless/unselfish无私的
【词析】音析:字母i分别发,u发。
形析:dis-(前缀表“分散，分离”)
+-tribute(贡物;礼物;颂词)
义析:to
spread
sth.
or
different
parts
of
sth.
over
an
area
【典句】Make
sure
that
your
weight
is
evenly
distributed.
注意你的体重分布均匀。
【拓展】distribute
sth.
among/to
sb.把某物分发给某人distribution
n.分发；分配；分布
distributive
adj.分发的；分配的；分布的
distributor
n.分发者；分配者；散布者
【词析】音析:uyer发。
形析:buy(v.买)+-er=buyer(n.)
义析:a
person
who
buys
sth.
especially
sth.
expensive
【典句】Have
you
found
a
buyer
for
your
house
你的房子找到买主了吗？
【拓展】a
buyer’s
market买方市场
【词析】音析:o发;a发，重音在第二个音节。
形析:ne—go（去）—tiate“我们去协商”联想记忆法
义析:to
try
to
reach
an
agreement
by
formal
discussion;to
arrange
or
agree
sth.
by
formal
discussion
【典句】The
government
will
not
negotiate
with
terrorists.
政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。
【拓展】
to
negotiate
a
deal/contract/settlement
达成交易;确立合同;商定解决措施
negotiate
with
sb.for/about
sth.与某人协商某事
negotiation
n.谈判;协商
【词析】音析:ore发。
形析:根据发音记忆词形
义析:to
love
sb.
very
much;
to
like
sth.
very
much
【典句】It’s
obvious
that
she
adores
him.
她显然深深地爱着他。
I
simply
adore
his
music!
我简直太喜爱他的音乐了！
【拓展】
adore
doing
sth.热爱做某事
She
adores
working
with
children.她热爱为儿童工作。
adoring
adj.热爱的;爱慕的;敬慕的;崇拜的
adoration
n.热爱;爱慕
【词析】音析:字母u发，j发。
形析:subject(n.)+-ive=subjective(adj.)
义析:based
on
your
own
ideas
or
opinions
rather
than
facts
and
therefore
sometimes
unfair
【典句】Everyone’s
opinion
is
bound
to
be
subjective.
每个人的意见都必定是主观的。
【拓展】objective客观的
subjectivism
n.主观主义
subjectivity
n.主观;主观性
【词析】音析:a发,
i发。
形析:appetizer(餐前的)开胃品;开胃饮料，联系记忆法
义析:physical
desire
for
food;
a
strong
desire
for
sth.
【典句】The
public
have
an
insatiable
appetite
for
scandal.
公众对丑事总是喜闻乐道。
【拓展】appetitive
adj.关于食欲的
【词析】音析:字母组合ore发。
形析:根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形
义析:to
examine
sth.
carefully
or
completely
in
order
to
find
out
more
about
it
【典句】These
ideas
will
be
explored
in
more
detail.
对这些想法将作更详细的探讨。
As
soon
as
we
arrived
on
the
island,
we
were
eager
to
explore.
我们一来到岛上，就急不可耐地考察起来。
【拓展】explorer
n.探险者;考察者
exploration
n.勘探;探索
exploratory
adj.探究的;探索的
【词析】音析:ar发。
形析:artist(n.)+ic=artistic(adj.)属派生词
义析:connected
with
art
or
artists
【典句】She
comes
from
a
very
artistic
family.
她出身于艺术世家。
【拓展】artistic
works
艺术作品
artistic
director
艺术导演
artist
n.艺术家（尤指画家）
artless
adj.缺乏艺术性的；拙劣的；天真的
artistic（无比较等级）
【词析】音析:a发,
i发。
形析:assist(v.)+ance=assistance(n.)派生构词法
义析:help
or
support
【典句】He
can
walk
only
with
the
assistance
of
crutches.
他只能靠一副拐杖走路。
【拓展】technical/ecnomic/military
assistance技术/经济/军事援助
Can
I
be
of
any
assistance 我能帮上忙吗？
Despite
his
cries,
no
one
came
to
his
assistance.
尽管他喊叫，却没人来帮助他。
come
to
one’s
assistant
帮助某人
be
of
some
assistance有帮助的
with
the
assistance
of...靠……的帮助
【辨析】aid,
help和assistance
assistance语意比help严肃，正式，主要指从旁协助；
aid
比help正式。
【词析】音析:字母a发。
形析:frame+work=framework(合成词)
义析:the
parts
of
a
building
or
an
object
that
support
its
weight
and
give
it
shape
【典句】We
need
to
establish
a
legal
framework
for
the
protection
of
the
environment.
我们需要建立一个法律体制来保护环境。
【拓展】build
on
a
wooden/metal
framework木/金属结构建造的(体系的)结构
【词析】音析:两个a分别发和。
形析:ab-前缀(表“脱离”)＋andon(丢弃)
义析:to
leave
sb.
especially
sb.
you
are
responsible
for,
with
no
intention
of
returning
轻轻告诉你 Promise
is
debt.一诺千金。
【典句】The
baby
had
been
abandoned
by
its
mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
【拓展】abandoned
adj.被遗弃的；堕落的
abandonment n.离弃;抛弃
【词析】音析:字母a发。
形析:根据
-tch的发音规律记忆词形
义析:to
rub
your
skin
with
your
nails,
usually
because
it
is
itching;
to
cut
or
damage
your
skin
slightly
with
sth.
sharp
【典句】John
scratched
his
head.
约翰挠挠他的头。
【拓展】
start
from
scratch从头开始；白手起家
Does
the
cat
scratch
这只猫抓人吗？
I
learned
German
from
scratch
in
six
months.
我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
They
decided
to
dismantle
the
machine
and
start
from
scratch.
他们决定拆掉机器从头再来。
【词析】音析:a发。
形析:uncle与ankle发音相近可用联想记忆法
义析:the
joint
connecting
the
foot
to
the
leg
【典句】My
ankles
have
swollen.
我的两个脚腕子都肿了。
【词析】音析:a发。
形析:根据发音规律记忆词形
义析:a
large
strong
building
with
thick
high
walls
and
towers,
built
in
the
past
by
kings
or
queens,
or
other
important
people,
to
defend
themselves
against
the
enemies.
【典句】Get
down
to
your
work,
don’t
build
a
castle
in
the
air.
开始工作吧，不要做白日梦了。
【拓展】Windsor
Castle
温莎城堡
castles
in
the
air空中楼阁;空想;幻想
【词析】音析:字母e读，字母组合er读。
形析:词根reserve-（去e）＋ation名词
义析:an
arrangement
for
a
seat
on
a
plane
or
train,
a
room
in
a
hotel,
ect.to
be
kept
for
you
【典句】I’ll
call
the
restaurant
and
make
a
reservation.
我要给饭店打个电话预订座位。
【拓展】without
reservation=completely
They
support
the
measures
without
reservation.
他们毫不保留地支持这些措施。
make
a
reservation
预定;预约
reserve
v.预约;预定
I’d
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
at
eight
o’clock.
我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
【词析】音析:or发。
形析:可缩写为dorm,在美式英语中用hall
of
residence
义析:a
room
for
several
people
to
sleep
in,
especially
in
the
school
or
other
institution
【典句】They
had
a
party
in
their
dormitory.
他们在宿舍办了个聚会。
【拓展】
dormitories
pl.
dormitory
town
郊外住宅区
【词析】音析:a分别发和。
形析:可根据两个音节记忆词形
义析:a
long
straight
passage
dug
in
the
ground
and
filled
with
water
for
boats
and
ships
to
travel
along
【典句】The
Panama
Canal
is
a
famous
construction
in
the
world.
巴拿马运河是举世闻名的工程。
【辨析】channel
海峡 English
Channel
英吉利海峡
canal
沟渠运河
【词析】音析:i发。
形析:合成词high+way
义析:a
main
road,
usually
connecting
large
towns
【典句】Highway
patrol
officers
closed
the
road.
公路巡警关闭了这条路。
【辨析】road
大路 high
way(美)公路;大路 way路线
pass
山间隘路 path小径 street
街道
【词析】音析:ea发。
形析:east(n.)+-ern=eastern(adj.)
义析:situated
in
east
or
facing
east
【典句】He
lives
on
the
eastern
slopes
of
the
mountain.
他住在东山坡。
【拓展】western西方的 southern南方的 northern北方的
【词析】音析:ore发。
形析:可根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形
义析:the
land
along
the
edge
of
the
sea
or
ocean,
a
lake
or
another
large
area
of
water
【典句】The
ship
was
anchored
off
shore.
船停泊在离岸不远的地方。
【拓展】shoreline海滨线;海岸线
【词析】音析:i发。
形析:fisher+man合成词
义析:a
person
who
catches
fish,
either
as
a
job
or
as
a
sport
【典句】He
is
an
experienced
fisherman.
他是一个经验丰富的渔夫。
【拓展】pl.
fishermen
【辨析】fisherman
渔民;渔夫 angle 垂钓者;垂钓爱好者
【词析】音析:ai发,or发。
形析:sail(v.)+-or=sailor(n.)
义析:a
person
who
works
on
a
ship
as
a
member
of
the
crew
【典句】He
is
a
good/bad
sailor.
他是一个很少（经常）晕船的人。
【词析】音析:ee发。
形析:根据发音规律记忆词形
义析:an
amount
of
money
that
you
pay
for
professional
advice
or
services
【典句】Does
the
bank
charge
a
fee
for
setting
up
an
account
在这家银行开立账户要收费吗？
【拓展】entrance
fee门票 charge
a
fee收费
membership
fees
会费 legal
fees诉讼费
【辨析】fare和fee
fare
车费;船费;交通票费
fee
会费;学费;入场费;手续费等专业服务费或咨询费;酬金
【词析】音析:ar发。
形析:bar(柜台)+gain(获得)“在柜台讨价还价后买到”。
义析:a
thing
bought
for
less
than
the
usual
price;
to
discuss
prices,
conditions,
etc.with
sb.
in
order
to
reach
an
agreement
that
is
satisfactory
【典句】The
car
was
a
bargain
at
that
price.
那辆车的价格真便宜。
【拓展】bargain
with
sb.
about/over/for
sth.
和某人就某事讨价还价
In
the
market
dealers
were
bargaining
with
growers
over
the
price
of
coffee.
在市场上商人正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。
be
admitted
to...获准进入;被……录取
【词析】
义析:to
allow
sb.
to
enter
a
place
or
become
a
member
of
a
club,
a
school
or
an
organization
【典句】The
boy
was
admitted
to
Beijing
University.
这个男孩被北京大学录取。
【词析】音析:a发,
tion发。
形析:graduate+ion=graduation派生构词法
义析:the
act
of
successfully
completing
a
university
degree,
or
studies
at
a
middle
school
【典句】He
went
to
work
in
a
big
company
after
graduation.
毕业后他在一家大公司工作。
【拓展】after
graduation
毕业后
graduate
vi.毕业
graduate
from...从……毕业
【词析】音析:u发,
o发。
形析:根据两个音节记忆词形
义析:a
room
where
radio
or
television
programmes
are
recorded
and
broadcast
from,
or
where
music
is
recorded
【典句】He
works
for
a
major
Hollywood
studio.
他为好莱坞一家大电影公司工作。
【拓展】a
television
studio电视演播室
a
studio
audience
观众;听众
【词析】音析:o发，ar发。
形析:scholar(n.)+ship=scholarship
义析:an
amount
of
money
given
to
sb.
by
an
organization
to
help
pay
for
their
education
【典句】She
won
a
scholarship
to
study
at
Stanford.
她获得了斯坦福大学的奖学金。
【拓展】on
a
scholarship靠奖学金
scholar
奖学金获得者
【词析】音析:e分别发,,。
形析:-ment词尾也可常构成名词
义析:to
carry
out
a
scientific
experiment;
a
scientific
test
that
is
carried
in
order
to
study
what
happens
and
to
gain
new
knowledge
【典句】Many
people
don’t
like
the
idea
of
experiments
on
animals.
许多人不赞成在动物身上做实验。
【拓展】do/perform/carry
out/conduct
an
experiment做/进行实验
proved/shown
by
experiment实验证明/表明
experiment
on
sb.
/sth.在……身上做实验
experimental
adj.以实验为基础的；实验性的
【词析】音析:th
发。
形析:根据发音规律记忆词形
义析:fabric
made
by
weaving
or
knitting
cotton,
wool,
silk,
ect.;a
piece
of
cloth,
often
used
for
a
special
purpose
【典句】wollen/cotton
cloth毛/布料
a
cloth
bag布袋
a
floor
cloth拖地布
【拓展】cloths
pl.
【辨析】clothes,
clothing
和dress
clothes无单数形式，表示一件衣服用
a
piece/an
item/an
article
of
clothes。
穿着衣服用clothes(复数)；泛指服装时特指某类衣服用clothing(不可数名词);dress范围较窄，作可数名词时指一件女服，或连衣裙，作不可数名词时，指某种特殊服装，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服。
【词析】音析:eigh发。
义析:the
measurement
of
how
tall
a
person
or
thing
is
a
high
place
or
position
【典句】It
is
almost
2
metres
in
height.
它差不多有2米高。
【拓展】注意下列词的对应：
high→height
weighty→weight
wide→width
long→length
【词析】音析:a发。
义析:a
large
hole
in
side
of
a
hill
or
under
the
ground
【典句】The
area
contains
vast
underground
cave
systems.
这个地区拥有庞大的地下洞穴系统。
be
made
out
of由……制成;用……制成
【典句】The
dress
was
made
out
of
some
old
curtains.
这件衣服是由旧窗帘制成的。
【辨析】be
made
of,
be
made
from,
be
made
out
of,
be
made
into,
be
made...和be
made
up
of...
be
made
of...由……制成（可看出原材料）
The
table
is
made
of
wood.
be
made
from...由……制成（看不出原材料）
Nylon
is
made
from
air,
coal
and
water.
be
made
out
of
由……改制而成（后加原材料或另一物品名称）
be
made
into...把……做成某产品
Bamboo
can
be
made
into
good
fishing
poles.
竹子可以制成好鱼竿。
be
made
in
某物生产于某地（后加生产地）
The
TV
set
is
made
in
China.
be
made
up
of...由……组成（加组成部分）
The
medical
team
is
made
up
of
ten
doctors.
【词析】音析:i发。
形析:开音节发音规律记忆词形
义析:a
thin
flat
piece
of
food
that
has
been
out
off
a
large
piece
【典句】Could
you
give
me
a
slice
of
bread
您能给我一片面包吗？
【拓展】
a
slice
of
ham
一片火腿
cut
the
meat
into
thin
slices
把肉切成薄片
【词析】音析:e发。
形析:单音节词，可据ch发音帮助记忆词形
义析:a
professional
cook,
especially
the
most
senior
cook
in
a
restaurant,
hotel,
ect.
【典句】My
uncle
is
a
chef
in
Blue
Sky
Hotel.
我叔叔是蓝天宾馆的厨师。
【辨析】
chef指餐馆、饭店等的主厨、厨师长，专业厨师;
cook指炊事员，做饭的人，厨师。
【词析】音析:ee发。
形析:根据发音规律记忆词形
义析:a
type
of
food
made
from
milk
that
can
be
either
soft
or
hard
and
is
usually
white
or
yellow
in
color
【典句】Give
me
a
piece/slice
of
cheese,
please.
请给我一片奶酪。
【拓展】cheese“茄子”,要求照相的人说的口形词。
a
big
cheese大人物;要员
chalk
and
cheese天壤之别;截然不同
Hard
cheese!（常作反话）抱歉啦！
【词析】音析:字母组合ing读。
形析:单音节词运用发音规律帮助记忆词形
义析:material
made
of
several
threads
twisted
together,
used
for
tying
things
together
【典句】He
wrapped
the
package
in
brown
paper
and
tied
it
with
string.
他用棕色包装纸把包裹包好，又用细绳捆上。
【拓展】have
another
string/more
strings
to
your
bow
还另有一手；有两手准备
with
no
strings
attached
不带附加条件，无任何限制
a
piece/length
of
string一根/一段细绳
【词析】音析:字母u读。
形析:blue蓝色的，glue胶水发音类似，可对比记忆
义析:a
sticky
substance
that
is
used
for
joining
things
together
【典句】He
sticks
to
her
like
glue.
他形影不离地跟着她。
【拓展】a
tube
of
glue
一管胶水
【词析】音析:a发\。
义析:the
regular
way
in
which
sth.
happens
or
is
done
【典句】She
bought
a
dress
pattern
and
some
material.
她买了一幅衣服纸样和一些衣料。
【拓展】changing
patterns
of
behaviour/work/weather
行为/工作/天气的变化模式
The
murders
all
seem
to
follow
a
similar
pattern.
这些凶杀案如出一辙。
【词析】音析:i发。
形析:对比过去式，过去分词，记忆词形（stuck,
stuck）
义析:to
fix
sth.
to
sth.
else,
usually
with
a
sticky
substance;
to
become
fixed
to
sth.
in
this
way
【典句】He
stuck
a
stamp
on
the
envelope.他把一张邮票贴在信封上。
I
stuck
the
photos
into
an
album.我把相片贴在相册上。
Her
wet
clothes
were
sticking
to
her
body.湿衣服贴在她身上。
【拓展】stick—stuck—stuck
stick
in
your
mind铭记在心
stick
in
your
throat/craw难以启齿;难以接受
stick
your
neck
out冒险
Stick
to
your
guns.一意孤行。
【词析】音析:ow发。
形析:分两个音节记忆词形
义析:a
square
or
rectangular
piece
of
fabric
filled
with
soft
material,
used
to
rest
your
head
on
in
bed
【典句】She
lay
back
against
the
pillows.
她半靠在枕头上。
【拓展】pillow
talk枕边细语
【词析】音析:u发。
形析:disgust(v.)+-ing=disgusting(adj.)
义析:unacceptable
and
shocking
【典句】His
language
is
disgusting.
他的话不堪入耳。
【拓展】disgust
v.使厌恶;敏感;使作呕
disgusted
adj.厌恶的;反感的
【词析】音析:i发。
义析:to
put
sth.
quickly
into
a
liquid
and
take
it
out
again
【典句】He
dipped
the
brush
into
the
thick
white
paint.
他拿画笔蘸蘸稠乎乎的白色颜料。
【拓展】dip
into
your
pocket花钱;掏腰包
dip
a
toe
in/into
sth./into
water涉足(水）试试
【词析】音析:ea发。
形析:前缀re-(表示“重复”“再”)＋peat
义析:to
say
or
write
sth
again
【典句】I’m
sorry—could
you
repeat
that
对不起——你可以再说一遍吗？
Do
say
if
I’m
repeating
myself.
如果我在重复自己的话，请直言。
They
are
hoping
to
repeat
last
year’s
victory.
他们希望重复去年的胜利。
【拓展】
repeatable
adj.有礼貌的;不冒犯人的
repeated
adj.重复的;反复发生的
repetition
n.重复
repetitive
adj.重复乏味的
cut
out裁剪出；切掉
【词析】义析:to
design
and
make
a
piece
of
clothing
in
a
particular
way
【典句】She
cut
the
dress
out
of
some
old
material.
她用一些旧布料裁剪出了那件连衣裙。
I
cut
this
article
out
of
the
newspaper.
我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
I
cut
a
picture
out
of
the
book.
我把书中的一幅画剪去。
【拓展】cut
down砍倒;砍死;（疾病等）夺去……的生命
cut
off切掉;割掉;剪下;删去;切断;关掉
cut
up
切碎
cut
away切掉;逃走
have
a
go
试一试
【词析】义析:have
a
try
【典句】—I
can’t
start
the
engine.
这发动机我发动不起来。
—Let
me
have
a
go.
让我试一试。
【拓展】have
a
good
at
sth./at
doing
sth.尝试;试图做某事
I’ll
have
a
try.我想试试看。语法解读
倒装结构
句子按“主语+谓语”的顺序排列，叫自然语序，谓语在前，主语在后，叫倒装语序。倒装语序又分两种：整个谓语在前，叫完全倒装，部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后，叫半倒装或部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
在下列情况下，句子需全倒装：
1.在there,
here引导的句子中，谓语是be,
exist等表示状态的不及物动词，如：
There
is
nobody
in
the
classroom.教室里空无一人。
There
seems
something
wrong
about
it.
这事好像有什么问题。There
happened
an
event
last
week.上周出了一件事。
There
lived
a
girl
named
A
Qiao
long
ago.
很久以前这儿住了一位叫阿巧的姑娘。
There
stands
a
temple
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
山顶有座庙。
There
lies
a
deep
pond
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
山脚下有一口深塘。
There
exist
different
opinions
on
this
question.
关于这个问题还有不同意见。
Here
are
coasts
for
young
people.
这儿有年轻人穿的大衣。Here
is
a
seat
for
you,
Wang
Lin.
王林，这儿有你的座位。
2.在语气词there,
here开头的句子里，谓语动词是come,
go等，如：
There
goes
the
bell!铃响了！
There
goes
the
thief!有贼！
Here
are
the
books!给你书！
Here
comes
your
husband.你丈夫来了。
如主语是人称代词，则不用倒装，如：
There
you
go
again.你又来这一套。
Here
he
comes.他来了。
Here
you
are.给你。
Here
it
is.喏，在这。
3.副词now,
then,
thus引导的句子里，谓语是come,
follow,
begin,
end,
be等，如：
Now
comes
your
turn!该你了。
Then
followed
a
shot
of
gun.
接着又一声枪响。
Thus
ended
the
meeting.会议就这样结束了。
4.在Long
live...等表示祝愿的句子里，如：
Long
live
the
People’s
Republic
of
China!
中华人民共和国万岁！
Be
ours
a
happy
meeting!希望我们的集会愉快！
5.在直接引语全部或部分置于句首的句子里，引述动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。如：
“You
have
made
great
progress
this
term”,
said
our
teacher.
教师说：“你这学期取得了很大进步。”
“Mr.
Crossett,”
said
my
father,
“will
you
permit
an
old
pupil
to
shake
hands
with
you ”
“克罗斯先生，”我父亲说，“请允许您以前的一个学生跟您握握手，好吗？”
①主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以，如：
“Where
are
you
going ”
asked
he.(or:
he
asked.)
“你去哪里”？他问。
②引述动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。如：
“Why
didn’t
you
join
us!”
our
monitor
asked
me.
“你为什么不加入我们？”我们的班长问道。
6.在in,
out,
down,
up,
over,
away,
off,
back作状语置于句首，谓语动词是come,
go,
rush,
run等不及物动词的句子里，如：
The
door
opened
and
in
came
Mr.Smith,
our
headmaster.门开了，进来了史密斯先生，我们的校长。
When
tiny
white
eggs
hatch,
out
come
little
fat
white
worms.
当很小的白色的卵孵化出来后，就出来肥胖的白色小虫子。
Up
and
up
go
the
prices.价格越来越高。
Down
drop
the
meat
into
the
fox’s
mouth.
这块肉往下落，掉入狐狸的嘴巴里。
Up
flew
the
arrow
into
the
sky.箭嗖的一声射入天空。
Over
turned
the
huge
stone.这块巨石翻了个个。
Away
ran
the
prisoner.这犯人逃跑了。
Off
went
the
horses.这些马走脱了。
Back
fought
our
soldiers.我们的士兵还击了。
如果是人称代词则不用倒装。如：
In
he
came
and
the
lesson
began.
他走进来开始上课。
Back
they
fought.他们还击了。
Up
it
flew.它往上飞走了。
7.在地点状语提前，谓语是be,
stand,
sit,
lie
等动词的句子里，如：
In
the
front
of
the
stage
stood
a
singer.
台前站着一位歌唱家。
On
every
piece
of
paper
was
a
picture
of
a
horse.
每张纸上有一幅画有马的画。
From
a
speaker
on
the
wall
comes
the
doctor’s
voice.
从墙上的扩音器里传来医生的声音。
On
the
ground
lay
a
sick
goat.
地上躺着一头生病的山羊。
From
the
distance
came
a
policeman.
远处来了一个警察。
Alone
the
wall
stands
four
big
book
cases.
沿着墙放了四只大书箱。
8.在谓语是be,表语提前的句子里，如：
Such
was
Albert
Einstein,
a
simple
man
of
great
achievements.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个淳朴而又取得巨大成就的人。
Happy
is
he
who
devotes
himself
to
the
cause
of
communism.他献身于共产主义事业，感到幸福。So
busy
is
the
dentist
that
he
has
no
time
to
spare.
这个牙科医生这样忙以至抽不出一点时间来。
9.不带if的虚拟条件状语从句，谓语动词是be的句子，如：
Were
I
in
your
position,
I
would
ask
him
about
the
matter.
我要是处于你那样的位置，我就要问问他这件事情。
二、部分倒装
在下列情况下，句子需要部分倒装。
1.在疑问句里，如：
Do
you
have
an
English
class
every
day
你每天上英语课吗？
What
did
the
two
cheats
pretend
to
be
doing
这两个骗子假装在干什么？
在特殊疑问句里，如疑问词作主语，则不用倒装，如：
Who
is
in
the
next
room 谁在隔壁房间？
What
makes
you
so
angry 什么使你生气？
Which
of
you
is
the
oldest 你们中谁年龄最大？
2.在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句中，如：
Had
I
know
the
answer,
I
should
have
told
you.
我要是知道这个答案，我就告诉你了。
Should
he
be
interested
in
this
subject,
he
might
work
hard
at
it.
他要对这科感兴趣，他就会努力去做。
3.在以may开头的表示祝愿的句子里，如：
May
you
have
a
good
journey!
祝你一路顺风！
4.在以so开头表示“也一样……”，和以nor或neither开头表示“也一样不……”的句子里，如：
A
fish
can
swim
and
so
can
I.鱼会游泳，我也会。
We
have
had
breakfast
and
so
have
they.
我们吃了早餐，他们也吃了早餐。
If
you
buy
it,
so
will
I.如果你买它，我也想买它。
He
didn’t
do
it
and
neither
did
I.
他没有做，我也没有做。
The
boy
can’t
skate
and
nor
can
the
girl.
这男孩不会滑冰，这女孩也不会滑冰。
He
didn’t
smoke,
nor
did
he
drink.
他不抽烟也不喝酒。
If
you
don’t
want
it,
neither
shall
I.
如果你不要它，我也不要。
He
is
not
a
businessman,
neither
does
he
wish
to
be.
他不是商人，他也不想成为商人。
[注意]
1）在这一句型里，如谓语是be，则要完全倒装，如：
I’m
a
teacher
and
so
is
he.我是个教师，他也是。
He
isn’t
late
and
neither
am
I.他没迟到，我也没有。
2）如果后一句只是单纯地重复前面句子的意思，而不是表示前一句主语的情况适合于后一句主语的情况则不用倒装。如：
—It
is
hot
today.今天热。
—So
it
is.今天是热。
—He
finished
it
on
time.他按时完成了。
—So
he
did.不错，他是按时完成了。
3）如表示按别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用提前，如：
The
teacher
asked
me
to
read
louder,
and
I
did
so.
老师要我大声读，我大声读了。
4）so...和neither(nor)...都可用so
it
is
with...来代替。如：
Tom
studies
hard,
so
does
Mary.(or:
So
it
is
with
Mary.)
汤姆学习努力，玛丽学习也努力。
Tom
isn’t
nervous,
neither(nor)is
Mary.(or:
So
it
is
with
Mary.)
汤姆不紧张，玛丽也不紧张。
5)在下列情况下，不能用so或neither(nor)...来表达，但可用so
it
is
with...来表达。
①当前面两个句子，一个是肯定式，一个是否定式时，如：
Tom
likes
singing,
but
he
doesn’t
like
dancing.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
汤姆喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也是如此。
②当一个句子的主语是人，一个句子的主语是物时，如：
Tom
is
in
Class
Two,
and
his
classroom
is
over
there.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
汤姆在二班，他的教室在那头。玛丽也是二班，教室在那头。
③当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时，可用so
it
is
with...来表达，如：
Tom
is
clever
and
he
studies
hard.
So
it
is
with
Mary.
汤姆聪明，学习又努力。玛丽也是如此。
5.在以never,
hardly,
scarcely,
seldom,
little,
barely,
rarely,
nowhere,
by
no
means,
not
until,
hardly(scarcely)...when,
no
sooner...than等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子时，如：
Never
before
have
I
met
him.
我以前从未见过他。
Hardly
did
I
think
it
possible.我认为这几乎是不可能的。
Scarcely
did
he
live
in
the
countryside.
他很少住在农村。
Not
a
single
paper
did
the
scholar
write
the
whole
term.
这个学者整个学期没有写一篇论文。
Seldom
did
the
boy
read
newspaper.
这孩子以前很少读报。
Barely
did
I
have
time
to
catch
the
bus.
我几乎来不及赶上公共汽车。
Rarely
do
we
see
a
bike
like
that
now.
我们现在很难看到那样的自行车。
Nowhere
could
we
find
the
book.
我们没有哪里可找到这本书。
No
longer
is
her
fit
to
be
a
member
of
this
club.
他不再适合当这个俱乐部的成员。
Not
until
midnight
did
it
stop
raining.
雨一直下到半夜才停。
Hardly
had
he
entered
the
house
than
it
began
to
rain.
他一进屋就下雨。
No
sooner
had
they
entered
the
house
than
it
began
to
rain.
他们一到工厂就开始工作。
6.neither...nor连接的两个句子都要倒装，not
only...but
also连接两个句子时，not
only后面的句子要倒装，如：
Neither
has
he
called
on
her,
nor
will
he
do
so.
他没有访问她，也不想这么做。
Not
only
is
he
himself
interested
in
the
subject,
but
also
all
his
students
are
beginning
to
show
an
interest
in
it.
不但他本人对这个问题感兴趣，而且他的学生也渐渐对此感兴趣。
Not
only
shall
we
learn
from
books,
but
also
we
should
learn
from
practice.
我们不但要向书本学习，而且要向实践学习。
7.在以often,
always,
once,
many
a
time,
now
and
then,
every
other
day,
every
two
hours以及then等作状语的词位于句首的句子里，如：
Often
did
I
speak
of
him
before.我以前常说到他。
Always
does
she
ask
me
for
money.她总是向我要钱。
Many
a
time
has
he
helped
my
with
my
experiments.
他很多次帮助我做实验。
Now
and
then
does
Madame
White
go
to
the
cinema.
怀特太太常去看电影。
Every
other
day
did
I
go
to
see
my
cousin
in
the
hospital.
我隔天去医院看我的表妹。
Thus
was
it
stolen.它就是这样被偷的。
8.在only
修饰句子中的状语，且位于句首的句子里，如：
Only
then
did
I
realize
the
importance
of
English.
只有在那时，我才认识到英语的重要性。
Only
in
this
way
can
we
learn
maths
well.
只有这样，你才能把数学学好。
Only
when
the
war
was
over
in
1918,was
he
able
to
get
happily
back
to
work.
直到1918年战争结束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于研究工作。
[注意]
1）only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒装，如：
The
aim
was
achieved
only
after
a
bitter
struggle.
只有经过艰苦的奋斗，才能达到目标。
2）only
虽位于句首，但修饰的主语，也不用倒装，如：
Only
socialism
can
save
China.只有社会主义才能救中国。
Only
a
narrow
strait
separates
North
America
from
Asia.
只有一条狭窄的海峡把北美洲同亚洲分开。
记忆窍门：
A.
①~④情况下用全部倒装形式：
①表示位置关系的副词（如here,
there,
out,
in,
up,
down,
away等）开头的句型。如：
Out
rushed
the
soldiers.
②there
开头的固定倒装句型。如：
There
goes
the
bell.
③为了保持句子平衡，或强调表语或状语时，一般用全部倒装。如：
Nearby
were
two
canoes
in
which
they
had
come
to
the
island.
④“so
(neither,
nor)+助动词+主语”句型。如：
He
has
never
been
to
New
York,
neither
have
I.
B.
⑤~⑩情况下一般用部分倒装形式：
⑤当表位置关系的副词开头的句子主语是人称代词时，用部分倒装。如：
Here
you
are.
⑥only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句用于句首时。如：
Only
in
this
way
can
you
learn
from
the
mistakes.
⑦表示否定意义的副词和连词（如no,
not,
never,
little,
hardly等）用于句首时，用部分倒装结构。如：
Not
a
single
mistake
did
he
make.
⑧让步状语从句常用部分倒装。如：
Proud
as
these
nobles
are,
they
dare
not
see
me.
⑨含有were,
had,
should的虚拟条件句，常用部分倒装而把if省略。如：
Had
I
had
a
knife,
I
would
have
lent
it
to
you.
⑩感叹句用部分倒装。如：
What
good
news
it
is!
C.
①9N：no,
not,
never,
neither,
nor,
not
until,
not
only...but
also,
no
sooner...than,
no
matter
②2S:so,
seldom
D.
①Only+状语从句和Not
until+状语从句位于句首时，只有主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：
Only
when
he
told
me
did
I
know
it.
Not
until
I
began
to
work
did
I
realize
how
much
time
I
had
wasted.
②Not
only...but
also...引导的并列句。当Not
only位于句首时，前一个分句倒装。如：
Not
only
did
he
come,
but
also
he
was
very
happy.
③No
matter+状语从句，主句和从句的主语谓语均不倒装。如：
No
matter
how
busy
he
is,
he
always
comes
to
help
us.
④Neither,
nor引导的并列句，若两词均位于分句之前，前后两句谓语动词均倒装。读写指导
如何做好推理判断阅读题
【点石成金】
一、推理判断题常见的设问方式有：
1.
It
can
be
inferred/condnded/seen
from
the
passage
that
__________.
2.
Which
of
the
following
conclusion
can
we
draw
according
to
the
passage
3.
In
which
of
the
following
publications
would
the
passage
most
likely
be
printed
4.
The
passage
implies
that
__________.5.
The
writer
suggests/feels
that
__________.
6.
What’s
the
author’s
attitude
toward
__________
二、判断
1.什么叫判断
判断是指对已知的事实仔细评价之后，作出的合理的决定。这里所说的合理的决定，并非指惟一的决定。对同一事实所作的判断可能不止一个。譬如说，两个人都对某天早晨的阴天作了观察，一个人可能会作出天要下雨的判断，出门时带了雨伞；而另一个判断天将放晴，因此出门时没带雨伞。谁的判断是正确的，只有等未来的天气变化才能得到验证。人们不仅在生活中需要作判断，在阅读中同样需要作判断。2.怎样在阅读中作判断
在阅读中判断，一定要以材料提供的事实为依据，作出的判断要合乎情理。阅读判断的方法和步骤如下：
1）通过辨认细节的追忆技巧，了解并理解有关的事实或证据。
2）对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价。
3）在分析和评价的基础上作出合理的决定。有时需要借助常识作决定。三、推论
1.什么叫推论
对已知事实的内涵所作的陈述或以事实为依据对未知事实所作的陈述叫做推论。换言之，推论是对已知事实所作的联想或对未知事实所作的合理的猜测。
人们在生活中离不开作推论。譬如说，当你向你的女友道早安时，她没有理你。为此，你会作出以下的推论。①她可能生我的气了；②她可能在专心思索什么问题；③她可能没有看见我。你会进一步联想，头天晚上分手时还好好的，哪能一夜工夫就变卦了呢？你会作出“很可能是没有看见我”的推论。读者可能看过有关破案的电影，公安人员或侦探人员在侦破有的案件时就采用了推论的方法。此外，导演在电影中往往造成了一些悬念，如在电影结束时，给人们一种没有结尾的感觉，令人看了似乎有点不过瘾，实际上，这是导演运用了推论的技巧，将后面的情节留给观众，让观众自己去联想。推论不同于判断。尽管二者都以事实为依据，但推论超越了已知的事实，是对未知所作的陈述。假如一个司机发现马路前方围着一大群人，他就会对此（已知的事实）作出发生了车祸的推论；如果他发现马路前方有一个小孩在玩皮球，他必须立即作出紧急刹车或从侧面绕过去的判断。
生活中需要作推论，阅读同样需要推论。读者只有具备了推论的能力，才能在阅读中理解语言的微妙之处，真正欣赏和理解它。
2.怎样在阅读中作推论
作者在文学作品中，常常使用联想手法。例如，作者在描写夜晚发生的事情时，不直接使用“夜晚”这个字眼，而通过“男女青年围着篝火翩翩起舞”的描写，让读者推论出这是夜晚情景。作者把某海滨描写得阳光明媚，周围是一片片的棕榈树，这自然使读者联想出作者的目的是介绍该地区是一个十分理想的度假胜地。
He
grabbed
at
the
picket
fence
to
keep
from
falling.
His
torn
gray
overcoat
swayed
open
in
the
winter
wind.粗心的读者可能会从“grabbed...from
falling”推论出这个老头喝醉了。显然这种推论缺乏足够证据，因为读者“His
torn
gray
overcoat...in
the
winter
wind”这一事实。事实上，作者描写了一幅凄凉的情景。合理的推论应该是：这个老头贫病交加，上了年岁，身体很虚弱。
全国卷阅读理解部分设计了相当一部分检查推论能力的测试题。推论阅读理解题通常有一定的提问格式或提问的信息词。读者首先应通过这些格式或信息词确定其题型，然后运用上述的规则去做题。推论题常见的提问格式有“What
do
you
think(suppose)... ”（有的这种格式为判断题）。此外，含有imply(言外之意),implication,
suggest（使人联想），suggestion,
infer(推论)，inference,
seem,
appear,
probably,
most
likely（很可能）之类的词语的思考题通常也是推论题。
四、结论
1.什么叫结论
以已知的事实为前提，得出的惟一而合理的决定叫结论。
作结论不同于作判断。虽然作结论和作判断都是以已知的事实为依据，但对同一证据，作出的判断可以不止一个，而结论只能有一个。
作结论也不同于作推论。推论是由已知推出未知，是合理的猜测，而结论是依据已知的事实，作出的合乎逻辑的惟一的决定。
2.怎样在阅读中作结论
作结论，需要有一定的逻辑知识基础，所以读者应学一点逻辑常识。作逻辑结论主要采用归纳推理和演绎推理两种推理方式。
1）归纳推理作结论
归纳推理作结论是由个别推出一般，或由具体推出抽象的推理过程。在阅读中，或在全国卷阅读理解题中，要求读者针对材料提供的局部事实，如某一句话，某两句话，乃至整个段落的信息作归纳，以得出正确的结论。
2）演绎推理作结论
演绎推理是从一般到个别，从普遍到特殊的推理。
演绎推理通常是由大前提、小前提和一个结论构成的，所以也叫“三段论”。大前提提出一般原则，小前提提出个别事物，结论表明推论的结果。
阅读推理练习：
根据以下电影评论判断其属于哪一种电影体裁
(biography，cartoon，fantasy，
history
adventure，
science
fiction）
WHAT’S
ON
THIS
WEEKEND:NEW
FILMS
TO
SEE
?The
Last
Samurai__________
1.
This
film
is
set
in
19th
century
Japan.
It
shows
how
Japanese
fighters
lived
and
died
and
is
very
realistic—it’s
often
sad,
but
never
boring.
2.
Mosters
from
the
Moon__________
When
the
little
green
men
come
to
visit
the
planet
Earth,
they
hope
to
bring
peace
and
happiness.
But
instead,
they
start
a
war.
This
is
a
frightening
but
very
interesting
film.
3.
The
Ruturn
of
Mickey
Mouse__________
This
is
very
funny,
with
very
realistic
drawings.
It
also
uses
designs
drawn
by
computers
to
bring
Mickey
Mouse
back
to
life
as
a
21st
century
hero.
4.
Dragons
and
Mountains__________
One
of
the
most
exciting
films
this
year,
starring
fierce
dragons,
horrible
monsters,
brave
heroes
and
heroines
and
lots
of
fighting.
5.
Ray__________
The
true
story
of
a
black
American
singer
and
musician.
A
sad
but
also
very
exciting
film.
It
tells
you
so
much
about
life
in
the
USA.
1.history adventure 2.science
fiction 3.cartoon 4.fantasy 5.biography三、难句剖析
1.The
sad
thing
is
that
although
VanGogh
devoted
his
whole
self
to
painting,he
only
sold
one
painting
before
he
died
in
1890.
令人悲伤的是尽管凡·高把毕生的精力都奉献给了绘画，但在1890年他死之前却只卖了一幅画。
【剖析】
本句的主语是The
sad
thing,系动词是is,that引导了一个表语从句，表语从句是一个带有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句。before
he
died
in
1890是时间状语从句，修饰he
only
sold
one.
【典型例句】
That
he
broke
the
glass
is
quite
clear.很显然是他打破了玻璃。（主语从句）
The
boy
dreamed
（that）
he
was
flying
to
the
moon.
那男孩梦见他在飞向月球。（宾语从句）
All
I
can
tell
you
is
（that）
he
gives
me
some
cake
every
day.他每天给我一些蛋糕吃，这就是我能告诉你的一切。
【归纳】
that引导表语从句时，它在句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，并且一般不省略。
that在主语从句和同位语从句中的作用，只起连接作用不充当任何成分并且不能省略。
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分多数情况下可以省略，但如果宾语从句不止一个，则后面的that不能省略。（非正式文体除外）
活学巧用
1.1）句型转换
（1）She
happened
to
have
some
money
with
her
that
day.
It
________
________
she
had
some
money
on
her
that
day.答案:happened
that
（2）That
light
travels
in
straight
lines
is
known
to
all.
________
________
________
________
all
that
light
travels
in
straight
lines.
答案：It
is
known
to
2)单项填空（1）It
is
pretty
well
understood
________
controls
the
flow
of
carbon
dioxide
in
and
out
of
the
atmosphere
today.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.how提示：本题中it是形式主语，真正的主语是what引导的从句，本题中主语从句缺少主语，所以不能用that（在主语从句中不充当句子成分），也不能用how与when（副词不能作主语）。
答案：C
（2）What
made
the
school
proud
was
________
more
than
90%
of
the
students
had
been
admitted
to
key
university.
A.because
B.that
C.what
D.why
答案：B
2.Although
we
adore
his
work
today,VanGogh
was
not
successful
while
he
was
alive.
虽然我们现在非常喜欢他的作品，但凡·高活着的时候却没有成功。
【剖析】本句是一个带有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句，主句Van·Gogh又跟了一个while引导的时间状语从句。
【归纳】Although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still连用。while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,while也可以引导让步状语从句。Although
he
is
very
old,（yet）he
is
quite
strong.
他虽然年纪大了，身体还是很强壮。
My
wife
kept
silent
while
I
was
writing.
当我写的时候，我的夫人就默不作声。
While
he
was
respected,he
was
not
liked.
他虽然受到尊敬，但没有人喜欢他。
活学巧用
2.单项填空
（1）—Why
did
Jane
stopped
trying
—I
don’t
know.She
stopped
trying
________
she
might
have
succeeded
next
time.
A.when
B.as
C.for
D.while
提示：句意为“简为什么停止努力了？
我不知道。尽管下次她有可能成功但她却停止努力了”。本题考查让步状语从句,while引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时，需要把表语、副词、分词等提前。
答案：A
（2）________life
pace
continues
to
speed
up,we
are
quickly
losing
the
art
of
enjoyment.
A.With
B.When
C.As
D.While
提示：空格处应表示“随着”，只有as与with表示此意，with不接句子。
答案：C
3.When
you
have
made
the
face,you
can
take
a
photo
of
it,so
that
you
can
keep
your
unusual
picture
forever.
当你做完了比萨饼面具时，为了能永久地保持这张不平常的画，你可以给它拍张照片。
【剖析】本句中when引导的是时间状语从句，主句是you
can
take
a
photo
of
it,so
that
引导目的状语从句。
【归纳】so
that
可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用，并且可以与to,in
order
to,so
as
to进行互换。so
that引导结果状语从句时，在从句中不使情态动词；引导目的状语从句一般则使用情态动词如：
Speak
louder
so
that
everybody
may
hear
you.
声音再高点好让每个人都能听清楚。
He
got
up
very
early,so
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
他起床很早，结果赶上了早班车。
活学巧用
3.单项填空
（1）John
shut
everybody
out
of
the
kitchen
________
he
could
prepare
his
grand
surprise
for
the
party.
A.which
B.when
C.so
that
D.as
if
提示:约翰把大家都关在厨房外，是为了为晚会准备他的惊喜之作。用so
that表示目的。
答案:C
（2）I
always
take
something
to
read
when
I
go
to
the
doctor’s
________
I
have
to
wait.
A.in
case
B.so
that
C.in
order
D.as
if
提示：“我去看医生时总是带点东西来读”后面接上“我必须等着”应该是一个条件。in
case“以防，万一”。so
that“为了”
。in
order缺少that,as
if“似乎；好像”。
答案：A
