语法解读
强调
强调是一种修辞手段，英语中常用的强调方法有如下几种：
1.用强调词表示强调
英语中有些单词或短语，比如much,
far,
by
far,
possible,
as
possible等，用于有程度差别的形容词或副词前后，表示“大大地”“尽可能地”。very用于名词前，表示“就是这个”。do用于动词前，表示“确实”“真的”“一定要”。right用于副词或介词短语前，表示“就在……”等意义。如：
①This
book
is
by
far
better
than
that
one.这本书比那本书好多了。
②Can
you
fix
our
windows
as
soon
as
possible
你能尽早修好我们的窗户吗？
③This
is
the
very
thing
I
want.
这就是我所要的那个东西。④The
thief
was
caught
in
the
very
act
of
stealing.
就在小偷偷东西的那一刻他被抓住了。
⑤I
did
come
here
on
time
last
Monday.
上星期一我的确按时来这儿了。
⑥—Where
do
I
put
the
book
我把书放在哪儿？
—Put
it
right
here.
就在这儿吧。
2.重复用词表示强调①They
tried
and
tried
and
at
last
succeeded.他们试了一遍又一遍，最终成功了。
②It
grows
colder
and
colder.天越来越冷。
③The
doctor
examined
the
patient’s
heart
again
and
again.
医生反复检查病人的心脏。
3.颠倒语序表示强调
①Never
will
she
forgot
the
day
when
she
was
seriously
injured.
她永远也不会忘记她严重受伤的那一天。②Only
when
a
child
grows
up
does
he
understand
his
parents’
intentions.
只有孩子长大成人，他才能理解父母的苦心。
4.双重否定表示强调①There
is
no
one
who
does
not
make
any
mistakes
in
his
lifetime.
没有人一生当中不犯错误。
②None
in
the
village
failed
to
express
their
gratitude
for
the
doctor’s
warm
concern.
村里所有的人都表达了对这位医生真诚关心的谢意。
5.强调句型表示强调
强调句的构成有两种形式：一种是it作引导词，将需要强调的部分提到前面分句的句首；一种是用名词从句what...is(was)...来表示。
1)it作引导词引导强调句
以it作引导词引导的强调句的形式一种为：“It
is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who,
which)+句子的其他成分”，意思为“是……，正是……，就是……”；一种为：“It
is
(was)not
until+被强调的部分+that+句子的其他成分”，意思为“直到……，一直到……”。如果叙述的是现在或将来发生的事情，动词用is。如果叙述的是过去发生的事情,it后面则用was。在被强调部分的后面，一般用that引出句子的其他部分。但是，如果强调的部分是表示人的名词也可用who。有时强调事物也可用which代替that。
It
is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who,
which)+句子的其他成分 如：
①We
called
on
Prof.
Wang
at
his
office
this
morning.
今早我们到王教授办公室拜访了他。
②It
was
we
who(that)called
on
Prof.
Wang
at
his
office
this
morning.
今早在王教授的办公室拜访他的是我们。（强调主语）
③It
was
Prof.
Wang
whom(that)we
called
on
at
his
office
this
morning.
今早我们在他的办公室拜访的是王教授（不是别人）。（强调宾语）
④It
was
at
his
office
that(which)we
called
on
Prof.
Wang
this
morning.
今早我们是在王教授的办公室（不是别的地方）拜访他的。（强调地点状语）
⑤It
was
this
morning
that
we
called
on
Prof.
Wang
at
his
office.
我们是在今天早晨（不是其他时间）在王教授的办公室里拜访他的。（强调时间状语）
It
is(was)not
until+被强调的部分+that+句子的其他成分。如：
①It
is
not
until
12
o’clock
that
my
father
comes
home.
我父亲每天晚上直到12点才回家。
②It
was
not
until
he
told
me
that
I
knew
it.
直到他告诉我，我才知道此事。
2）名词从句引导的强调句
名词从句引导的强调句用来强调主语或宾语。如：
①What
impressed
us
most
was
his
image.
给我们印象最深的是他的形象。
②What
I
like
is
her
writing
style.
我喜欢的是她的写作风格。读写指导
如何做好猜测词义类阅读题
【点石成金】
此题型题量有所减少，并趋于稳定，在阅读四大题型中所占分值最少。
在阅读中我们可以采用：
1.利用上下文，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行判断；
2.利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断；3.根据关联词，如but,
however,
not
only...but
also进行判断等；
4.利用构词法进行判断。
一、猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式
1.
The
word
“...”
refers
to/probably
means
__________.
2.
The
underlined
word
“...”
could
best
be
replaced
by
_________.
3.
What
do
you
think
the
expression
“...”
stands
for
4.
By
saying
“...”
we
means
_________.
5.
“...”
as
used
in
the
passage
can
best
be
defined
as
_________.
6.
Which
of
the
following
words
can
take
the
place
of
the
word
“...”
二、猜测词义的方法
1.通过上下文来猜测词义采用的方法：
1）通过定义或释义关系来猜测词义；
2）通过同位关系来猜测词义；
3）通过同义或反义关系来猜测词义；4）通过描写来猜测词义；
5）通过因果关系来猜测词义；
6）通过句法功能来猜测词义；
7）通过上下文提供的信息来猜测词义；
2.通过构词法来猜测词义采用的方法：1）转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。如：nurse
n.护士→?v.护理；free
adj.空闲的→v.释放。一般说来，转化后的词义与转化前的词义大致相符。
2）合成：指由两个或两个以上具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词，主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等。
3）派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词。
阅读练习
Read
a
letter
to
a
teenage
magazine
and
match
the
topics
to
the
paragraphs.
A.
my
opinion
观点看法
B.
the
plot
故事情节
C.
the
setting
故事背景
D.
the
characters
人物角色1.
_________
I
have
just
been
to
see
Finding
Nemo.
The
film
is
set
off
the
Australian
coast
in
the
Great
Barrier
Reef.
The
story
is
about
the
fish
and
animals
that
live
there.2.
_________
Marlin
is
a
clown
fish
and
he
is
a
single
parent
.He
has
a
son
called
Nemo,
who
is
really
courageous.
The
other
character
in
the
film
is
Dory,
who
becomes
a
friend
of
Marlin’s.
There
is
also
a
dangerous
sharks,
some
turtles
and
seagulls.
3.
_________
On
his
first
day
of
school,
Nemo
swims
off
alone
to
look
at
boat.
But
a
man
on
a
boat
catches
him.
Nemo’s
father
Marlin
looks
everywhere
for
his
son.
He
meets
Dory,
a
friendly
fish,
who
offers
to
help.
Together
they
set
out
on
an
impossible
journey
and
they
soon
find
themselves
in
big
difficulties
with
dangerous
sharks
and
seagulls.
4.
_________
I
loved
this
movie
and
so
did
all
my
friends.
The
pictures
were
great,
and
the
story
was
very
moving.
This
is
a
brilliant
film
for
all
the
family
to
enjoy.
1.
C.
the
setting
故事背景
2.
D.
the
characters
人物角色
3.
B.
the
plot
故事情节
4.
A.
my
opinion观点看法三、难句透视
1.Holleywood
films
are
in
the
minority
at
our
festival,and
films
from
smaller
countries
that
would
be
overlooked
at
Cannes,for
example,have
a
real
chance
of
winning
in
Berlin.(Page
51
lines
49~51)
好莱坞电影在我们的电影节中只是一小部分，那些来自较小国家的例如在嘎呐电影节被忽略的电影，很有可能在柏林电影节获奖。
【剖析】本句首先是由and连接的两个并列分句。第二个句子的主语films后有两个定语：一个是from
smaller
countries;一个是定语从句that
would
be
overlooked
at
Cannes。for
example把主语和谓语分割开来。如：In
my
opinion,it
would
be
much
better
to
stay
at
home,for
I
can
do
what
I
like,such
as
reading
books,watching
TV,and
helping
my
parents
with
the
housework.
在我看来，呆在家里更好。因为我可以做我喜欢做的事情，如读书、看电视、帮助父母做家务等。
I
love
life;I
love
Mother
Nature;and
I
love
peace.我热爱生活；我热爱大自然；我也热爱和平。
Besides,the
film
is
usually
more
interesting,and
it
is
easier
to
follow.
另外，通常状况下电影更有趣也更容易理解。
活学巧用
1.1）翻译下列句子
（1）However,the
number
of
students
who
enjoy
reading
popular
science
articles
doubles
that
of
those
who
prefer
reading
articles
about
learning
methods.
__________________________________________
答案:然而，喜欢读大众科普文章的学生数量是喜欢读有关学习方法文章学生数量的两倍。
（2）People
used
to
communicate
with
each
other
through
letters
and
public
phones.But
nowadays
they
use
mobile
phones
and
the
Internet
instead.
__________________________________________
答案：过去人们常常通过书信和公共电话进行交流，而现在却换用手机和因特网了。
2）单项填空
（1）Stop
cutting
trees,________the
earth
will
become
worse
and
worse.A.and_________________________B.then_________________________C.but_________________________D.or
提示：“别再砍树了，否则地球就会变得越来越糟了”。根据句意，前后是转折关系，应用句式“祈使句+or+简单句”。
答案：D
2.They
do
very
well
even
compared
with
the
experienced
adult
a-ctors
in
the
film,such
as
Alan
Rickman,Richard
Harris
and
Maggie
Smith.(Page
63
lines35~38)
即使和艾伦·里克曼，理查德·哈里斯和玛吉·史密斯这样的有经验的成年演员相比，在电影中他们做得也是好的。
【剖析】even
compared
with“甚至和……相比”；experienced形容词“有经验的”。such
as“例如……”；用来列举事物，意思是“例如……等；像……这样；像……那种；诸如……之类”。
Standards
in
health
care
have
improved
enormously
compared
to
40
years
ago.
与40年前相比，卫生保健的水平得到了极大提高。
Wild
flowers
such
as
orchids
and
primroses
are
becoming
rare.
兰花、报春花等野花越来越稀罕了。
Opportunities
such
as
this
did
not
come
every
day.
这样的机会不是天天都有的。
活学巧用2.单项填空（1）This
song________
our
country________
a
family.
A.compare;to
B.compare;with
C.compares;to
D.compared;with
提示：“这首歌把我们的国家比作一个家庭。”此题考查compare
to与compare
with的区别，用to时表示“比作”即汉语中的拟人/拟物；用with时表示“比较”。
答案：C
（2）________things________
ink,pens,notebooks
can
be
bought
in
the
shop
at
the
gate.
A.Such;as
B.Such;like
C.Such;that
D.Such;which
提示：“诸如墨水、钢笔、笔记本之类的东西在门口的那家商店都能买到。”such和as连用。
答案：A
3.While
the
sport
of
Quidditch
is
an
important
part
of
the
book
and
of
Harry’s
school
experience,I
feel
that
too
much
time
is
dedicated
in
the
film
to
showing
it.(Page
63
lines
42~44)
尽管魁地奇这项运动是这部书中的非常重要的一部分，在哈利·波特的学校经历中是非常重要的一部分；但我觉得表现这项运动花费的时间太多了。
【剖析】本句是while引导的让步状语从句，主句是I
feel
that
to
much…，其中主句后又跟了一个宾语从句。
While
I
am
willing
to
help,I
do
not
have
much
time
available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。
She
claimed
to
be
18,when
I
know
she’s
only
16.
虽然她自称是18岁，可是我知道她才16岁。
【归纳】while引导让步状语从句时，常位于句首。when也可引导让步状语从句，常位于句末。
活学巧用
3.单项填空
（1）(2006全国高考Ⅱ，13)
We
thought
there
were
35
students
in
the
dining
hall,________in
fact,there
were
40.
A.while
B.whether
C.what
D.which
提示:“我们认为在餐厅里有35名同学，然而，事实上，有40名。”以上四个词中只有while能表达转折含义。
答案:A
（2）(2006辽宁高考，24)
He
was
about
halfway
through
his
meal________
a
familiar
voice
came
his
ears.
A.why
B.where
C.when
D.while
提示：“他大约吃饭进行到一半，这时他听到一个熟悉的声音。”以上四个词中只有when,while能表示时间，但当“这时”讲时，只能用when。
答案：C庖丁巧解牛知识·巧学
生词巧解
【词析】音析:字母组合ee读。
形析:week
（n.周，星期）+-ly（每隔……发生）形容词后缀
义析:(occurring,
payable,
published,
ect.)
once
a
week
or
every
week
【典句】They
are
used
to
a
weekly
shopping
trip.
他们习惯了每周一次的购物之行。
【拓展】monthly
adj.每月一次的月刊
daily
adj.每日的；日常的
yearly
adj.每年的；一年一次的
a
monthly
meeting每月一次的例会
a
yearly
conference一年一度的会议
【词析】音析:字母a读，重音在第三个音节。
形析:词根represent
（v.代表，象征）+-ative后缀表“有……关系的/倾向的/性质的”。
义析:person
chosen
or
appointed
to
represent
another
or
others;
delegate
【典句】They
sent
a
representative
to
the
negotiations.
他们派了一个代表去参加谈判。
【拓展】representation
n.代表；代理；表现；表示
represent其他义项还有：
①（在绘画、雕塑或戏剧中）表现某人/某事；描绘；塑造
The
picture
represents
a
hunting
scene.这是一幅行猎图。
②陈述某事物（作为抗议或申诉）
represent
sth.
to
sb.向某人陈述某事
He
represented
the
story
to
his
father.他告诉了父亲那个故事。
③将某人/某事（常指歪曲地）描述为有某种特点或性质
He
represented
himself
as
an
expert.
他把自己说成是专家。
【词析】音析:第一个o读，第二个o读。
形析:spokes=man/woman合成构词法
义析:persons
who
speaks,
or
is
chosen
to
speak,
on
behalf
of
a
group
【典句】She
is
the
spokeswoman
of
this
new
brand.
她是这种新品牌的代言人。
【拓展】spokeswomen
pl.
spokesman
n.发言人；代言人
spokesmen
pl.
【词析】
音析:字母组合iew读。
形析:单音节词可根据发音记忆词形
义析:n.
personal
opinion
or
attitude;
thought
or
observation
(on
a
subject)v.
consider
sth.
in
the
mind;
regard
sth.(as
sth.)
【典句】What
are
your
views
on
her
resignation
你对她辞职有什么看法？
【拓展】in
one’s
view按照某人的观点
in
view ①在看得见的地方
②被考虑；被记住
in
view
of鉴于……；考虑到；由于……
at
first
view初看；一见（就……）
a
point
of
view观点；着眼点
【辨析】view,
scenery和scene作为“风景”的区别
view从某处看到的东西；（尤指）自然美景，风景
a
fine
view
of
the
west
lake
西湖的优美景色
scenery从美丽角度出发，乡村的整个外貌（总称）
natural
scenery自然风景
scene大多包括了其中的人及其活动，布景
a
play
with
few
scene
changes
没换几次布景的一场戏
【词析】音析:字母i读重音在第一个或第二个音节上。
形析:分两个音节记忆词形
义析:provide
money
for
(a
project,
etc.);fund;
management
of
(esp.
public)
money
【典句】The
plan
is
partly
financed
by
a
government
grant.
此计划有一部分是政府资助的。
【拓展】the
Minister
of
Finance财政部长financial
adj.财务的；金融的；财政的
financier
n.财政家；金融家
【词析】音析:字母u读。
形析:inter-在……之间；在……之内，由此及彼-rupt
义析:break
the
continuity
of
(sth.)
temporarily
【典句】Don’t
interrupt
(me)
while
I’m
busy!
不要在我忙的时候打搅我!
【拓展】interrupt
sb.
/sth.打断；打岔/打扰
be
interrupted
by被……打断
interruption
n.
中断；中止；阻碍
interrupted
adj.中断的；被打断的
【词析】音析:第一个e读，重音在第二个音节。
形析:de-fence（篱笆）“设篱笆墙以防卫”
义析:defending
from
attack;
fighting
against
attack
【典句】The
soldiers
devoted
their
lives
to
the
defence
of
motherland.
士兵们为保卫祖国而献身。
【拓展】defenceless
adj.
没有防卫的；不能保护自己的
defend
v.保护……免受伤害；防卫
defend
sb./sth.from/against
sb./sth.保护某人/某物免受伤害
defend
oneself自卫
air
defence防空
regardless
of不管
【词析】义析:pay
no
attention
to
sb./sth.
【典句】He
continued
speaking
regardless
of
my
feeling
on
the
matter.
他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。
【拓展】regard...as...把……看作；把……认为
as
regards关于；至于
regarding
prep.关于
【词析】音析:ing读。
义析:recognize
the
difference
between
people
or
things
【典句】The
twins
are
so
alike
that
no
one
can
distinguish
one
from
the
other.
这对双胞胎长得很像，没人能分辨出谁是谁。
【拓展】distinguished
adj.以……著名的；卓越的；杰出的，高贵的
distinguish
(between)
A
and
B
distinguish
A
from
B
区别/区分A和B
distinguish
oneself（因善于做某事）受人瞩目；出名
as
long
as
只要
【词析】义析:on
condition
that;
provided
that
【典句】As
long
as
it
doesn’t
rain,
we
can
play.
只要不下雨，我们就能玩。
【拓展】as
long
as也可作so
long
as
同义词组：
on
condition
that
provided
that
providing
that常见as
词组：
as
for...至于；关于as
if/though好像；仿佛
as
it
is照现状看；看样子
as
to至于；关于；提到
as
regards至于；关于；提到
【词析】音析:字母a读。
形析:单音节词可根据发音规律记忆词形
义析:(of
a
young
bird
or
fish,
etc.)
emerge
from
an
egg;
think
out
and
produce
(a
plot,
plan，etc.)
【典句】Count
one’s
chickens
before
they
are
hatched.
[谚]蛋尚未孵卵先数鸡/过早乐观。
【拓展】hatch
sth.(out/up)策划（阴谋）；拟订（计划）
【词析】音析:字母组合ore读。
形析:fore-（前缀表“前，前部的”)+-see（看见）
义析:see
or
know
that
sth.
is
going
to
happen
in
the
future,
predict
【典句】He
foresaw
that
the
job
would
take
a
long
time.
他预见到做这件工作要花很长时间。
【拓展】foresee—foresaw—foreseen
【词析】音析:字母a读\，重音在第二个音节。
形析:可分sa-和-lute两个音节记忆词形
义析:action
performed
to
show
honour,
respect
or
welcome
to
sb.
【典句】The
guard
saluted
(the
general)
smartly.
卫兵非常精神地（向将军）行礼。
【拓展】give/make
a
salute行礼
salute
with
eyes行注目礼
【词析】音析:两个i都读。
形析:该词由high和light两部分合成，high
高，突出，light亮，精彩，取两者之意而合成。
义析:the
best,
most
interesting
or
most
exciting
part
of
sth.
【典句】The
highlights
of
the
match
will
be
shown
later
this
evening.
比赛最精彩的片段将于今晚播出。
【拓展】highlight
v.
突出；强调
The
report
highlights
the
major
problems
facing
society
today.
报告特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。
highlighter
n.（颜色鲜亮的）标记笔；荧光笔；（勾画脸、眼的）彩妆
【词析】音析:字母组合ar读。
形析:可据re和ward两个音节记忆词形
义析:a
thing
that
yon
are
given
because
you
have
done
sth.
good,
worked
hard,
etc.
【典句】You
deserve
a
reward
for
being
so
helpful.
你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
【拓展】rewarding
adj.值得做的；有益的
in
reward
for...作为对……的报答
give
a
reward
to
sb.
for
sth.为某事给某人报酬（或赏金）
a
rewarding
book值得一读的书rewardless
adj.无报酬的；徒劳的
【词析】音析:字母组合tion读。
形析:根词restrict
v.限制，限定,-ion（构成名词的后缀）
义析:a
rule
or
law
that
limits
what
you
can
do
or
what
can
happen.
【典句】The
government
has
agreed
to
lift
restrictions
on
press
freedom.
政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。
【拓展】restrict
v.限制；限定
restricted
adj.有限的；受限制的
restrictive
adj.限制性的；约束的
a
restricted
message密电
place/impose
restrictions
on
对……实行限制
a
restrictive
clause限制性从句
【词析】音析:字母s读[z]，重读第二个音节。
形析:可根据音节记忆词形
义析:too
look
like
or
be
similar
to
another
person
or
thing
【典句】After
the
earthquake,
the
city
resembled
a
battle
field.
地震之后，这座城市就像战场一样。
【拓展】resemble用作及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态，主要搭配为：resemble
sb.
/sth.(in
sth.)与（他人或他物）在某方面相似
名词形式为resemblance。
改错：Tom’s
nature
resembles
John’s.汤姆和约翰性格相似。
改为：Tom
resembles
John
in
nature.或Tom
and
John
resemble
each
other
in
nature.
【词析】音析:字母j读，重读第二个音节。
形析:reject和refuse都以re开头，词义相近，可串联记忆。
义析:to
refuse
to
accept
or
consider
sth.
【典句】I’ve
been
rejected
by
all
the
universities
I
applied
to.
所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。
【拓展】rejection
n.拒绝；抵制；抛弃；驳回；否决
reject
an
appeal驳回上诉
reject
a
bill否决议案
【词析】音析:字母a读。
形析:也可拼写为favor
(Am.
E)
义析:to
treat
sb.
better
than
you
treat
other
people,
especially
in
an
unfair
way
【典句】This
treaty
seems
to
favour
the
US.
这个条约似乎偏向美国。
【拓展】show
favour
towards...偏袒/偏爱……
do
sb.
a
favour（或do
a
favour
for
sb.）给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙
in
favour
of
赞同支持……；有利于……
in
sb.’s
favour
得到某人欢心；受某人欢迎；对某人有利
ask
a
favour请求帮忙
in
the
minority占少数
【词析】义析:to
form
much
less
than
half
of
a
large
group
【典句】Men
are
in
the
minority
in
this
profession.
在这一行业中，男性占少数。
【拓展】be
in
a
minority
of
one是惟一持不同意见者；得不到任何人的支持
反义词：(be)
in
the
majority占多数
majority和minority用作句子主语时前一般要加the，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
【词析】音析:字母组合ew读。
形析:根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形
义析:all
the
people
working
on
a
ship,
plane,
etc.or
people
with
special
technical
skills
working
together
【典句】None
of
the
passengers
and
crew
was
injured.
没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。
【拓展】a
film
crew电影摄制组
an
ambulance
crew救护车急救组
a
flying/ground
crew空（地）勤人员
【辨析】注意crew是集合名词，用作主语时谓语动词要用复数；crewman表“船员；乘务员”，复数形式为crewmen。
【词析】音析:字母组合ssion读。
形析:admit
v.+-ssion（名词后缀）
义析:the
act
of
accepting
sb.
into
an
institution,
organization
etc.;
a
statement
in
which
sb.
admits
that
sth.
is
true,
wrong
or
bad
that
they
have
done
【典句】Last
admissions
to
the
park
are
at
5
pm.
公园最晚的入园时间在下午5点。
【拓展】an
admission
of
guilt/failure/defeat
承认有罪/失败/被击败
by
one’s
own
admission自己供认/承认
an
admission
ticket入场券
admission
free免费入场
【词析】音析:字母a读，字母o读。
形析:词根appoint
v.安排确定，-ment（名词后缀）派生词。
义析:a
formal
arrangement
to
meet
or
visit
sb.
at
a
particular
time
especially
for
a
reason
connected
with
their
work
【典句】She
made
an
appointment
for
her
son
to
see
the
doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
【拓展】keep
(break)
one’s
appointment守（违）约
appointment还可表示“任命；委任”，如：
his
appointment
as
principal
让他担任校长的任命
take
up
an
appointment就职
make
(fix)an
appointment
with
sb.与某人约定
【辨析】appointment和date
appointment多指工作或业务上的约会，约定（时间）；date多指一般性的约会，尤其指与异性约会。
【词析】音析:字母组合or读。
形析:form
（n.形式，外表）+-al（形容词后缀属派生词)
义析:official;
following
an
agreed
or
official
way
of
doing
things
【典句】It’s
time
to
put
these
arrangements
on
a
slightly
more
formal
basis.
是应该把这些安排做得略为正式一点的时候了。
【拓展】反义词informal
adj.非正式的；非正规的
formalism
n.形式主义
formality
n.正式手续；例行公事
formation
n.组成；形成
【词析】音析:字母组合ire读。
形析:-some形容词后缀表“引起（或易于）……的”
义析:making
you
feel
annoyed
【典句】Buying
a
house
can
be
a
very
tiresome
business.
买房子会是件很麻烦的事。
【拓展】tiring
adj.引起疲劳的；令人厌倦的
tireless
adj.
不疲劳的；不厌倦的；坚韧的；持久的
be
tired
of对……厌倦；厌烦
【词析】音析:字母组合ee读。
形析:词根agree
v.（同意，赞成）+-ment(名词后缀，属派生词)
义析:an
arrangement,
a
promise
or
a
contract
made
with
sb.;
the
state
of
sharing
the
same
opinion
or
feeling
【典句】They
had
made
a
verbal
agreement
to
sell.
他们达成了口头销售协定。
【拓展】make/come
to/arrive
at
an
agreement
with...与……达成协议
a
gentleman’s
agreement君子协定
be
in
agreement
with
what
sb.says同意某人所说的
be
in
agreement
on
(about/upon)
sth.对某事意见一致
【词析】音析:字母组合ere读。
形析:可分两音节记忆词形
义析:showing
what
you
really
think
or
feel
【典句】Please
accept
our
sincere
thanks.
请接受我们诚挚的谢意。
【拓展】a
sincere
apology诚恳的道歉
a
sincere
concern真诚的关心
a
sincere
friend真诚的朋友
it’s
my
sincere
belief
that...我深信……
sincerely
adv.真诚地；诚实地
Yours
Sincerely或Sincerely
yours是用于正式信署名处的客套话，只用于以收信人姓氏和称呼的信函。
【词析】音析:字母a读，字母组合tion读。
形析:satisfy
v.（满足）+-tion（名词后缀表状态）
义析:the
good
feeling
that
you
have
when
you
have
achieved
sth.
or
when
sth.
that
you
wanted
to
happen
does
happen;
sth.
that
gives
you
this
feeling
【典句】She
looked
back
on
her
career
with
great
satisfaction.
回顾自己的事业，她深感欣慰。
【拓展】to
one’s
satisfaction使某人满意
express
one’s
satisfaction
at/with对……表示满意
in
satisfaction
of作为……的赔偿
satisfactory
adj.令人满意的；符合要求的
satisfying
adj.令人满意的；使人满足的
satisfy
one’s
need
满足某人的需要
【词析】音析:字母组合ea读
形析:real
adj.（真的，现实的）-ise/ize动词后缀表“成为……,使……”
义析:achieve
sth.
important
that
you
very
much
want
to
do
【典句】He
realized
his
ambition
of
becoming
a
professional
singer.
他实现了成为一名职业歌手的志向。
【拓展】realize还表示“理解；领会；意识到；认识到” 如：
The
situation
was
more
complicated
than
they
had
at
first
realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
reality
n.现实；事实；实际情况
realist
n.现实主义者；务实的人
realistic
adj.现实的；实际的；实事求是的
realism
n.务实作风；现实性；现实主义风格
【词析】音析:字母组合ai读。
形析:根据两个音节记忆词形，注意双写t
义析:to
succeed
in
getting
sth.,
usually
after
a
lot
of
effort
【典句】He
attained
five
“A”
grades
in
the
exams.
他的考试成绩获得了五个优。
【拓展】attain
the
age
of
ninety达90岁高龄
attain
the
top
of
a
hill到达山顶
attain
speeds
of
100
km/h
达到时速100千米
attainable
adj.可达到的；可获得的
attainment
n.达到；到达
attainments
n.成就；造诣
【词析】音析:字母i读。
形析:bio-（前缀，表“生物的，人生的”）+-graphy（后缀表“某种艺术或科学；写（画）的形式”)
义析:the
story
of
a
person’s
life
written
by
sb.
else;
the
type
of
writing
【典句】I
have
read
Boswell’s
Biography
of
Johnson.
我读完了博斯韦尔写的《约翰逊传》。
【拓展】biographee
n.传记中的主人公
biographer
n.传记作者
biographical
adj.传记的；传记体的
autobiography
n.自传
【词析】音析:字母i读。
形析:词根thrill
（v.&
n.兴奋，激动)+-er（名词后缀)
义析:a
book,
play
or
movie
with
an
exciting
story，especially
one
about
crime
or
spying
【典句】We
were
all
excited
at
the
thriller
last
night.
我们都为昨晚的惊悚片兴奋。
【拓展】thrilled
adj.非常兴奋的；极为激动的
thrilling
adj.惊险的，紧张的，动人心弦的
【词析】音析:字母e读。
形析:词根sense
（n.感觉，意识）+-tive(形容词后缀)
义析:that
you
have
to
treat
with
great
care
because
it
may
offend
people
or
make
them
angry
【典句】My
nose
is
highly
sensitive
to
any
smoke.
我的鼻子对各种烟味十分敏感。
【拓展】senseless
adj.无知觉的；无意义的
sensibility
n.感觉（力）；敏感性
sensitivity
n.感受性；灵敏性
【辨析】sensitive和sensible
sensitive指反应和洞察力“敏感，敏锐”;而sensible涉及判断指理性、明智。如：
It
is
sensible
of
you
to
take
his
advice.
你听从他的忠告是明智的。
a
soap
for
sensitive
skin敏感的皮肤用的香皂
You
should
not
be
so
sensitive
to
criticism.
你不该对别人的批评那么在乎（敏感）。
【词析】音析:字母u读。
形析:可分两个音节记忆词形
义析:to
be
suspicious
about
sth.;
not
to
trust
sth.
【典句】I
suspected
her
motives
in
offering
to
help.
她主动要求帮助，我怀疑她的动机。
【拓展】suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.怀疑（某人有罪）
suspect
sb.to
be猜想某人是……
suspect
n.嫌疑犯；可疑对象
suspectable
adj.可疑的
【词析】音析:字母a读。
形析:absence
n.（缺席，不在），absent
adj.
义析:not
in
a
place
because
of
illness,
etc.
【典句】Love
was
totally
absent
from
his
childhood.
他童年时根本没有得到疼爱。
【拓展】be
absent
from
work/school/meeting
缺勤/缺课/缺席会议
be
present
at出席
in
one’s
absence在某人不在的时候
absent-minded心不在焉的；精力不集中的
an
absent
expression/look
心不在焉的表情/神不守舍的样子
【词析】音析:字母a读。
形析:(contra-)前缀构成名词、动词和形容词表示“反对，相反”。
义析:different
from
sb.;
against
sth.
【典句】The
contrary
view
is
that
prison
provides
an
excellent
education
in
crime.
截然不同的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面可以提供极好的教育。
【拓展】on
the
contrary与此相反；恰恰相反
to
the
contrary相反的；相反地
【词析】音析:字母o读。
形析:根据possession等同根词归纳记忆词形
义析:to
have
or
own
sth.
【典句】I’m
afraid
he
doesn’t
possess
a
sense
of
humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
【拓展】be
possessed
by被……控制；支配
be
possessed
of
sth.具有某种品质（或特征）
possession
n.具有/拥有个人财产和物品
in
possession
of拥有；有
take
possession
of占有；取得
come
into
possession继承财产
possessor
n.持有人；所有者
【词析】音析:ex读。
形析:根词experience
n.&
v.（经验、经历）-(e)d(形容词后缀)
义析:having
knowledge
or
skill
in
a
particular
job
or
activity.
【典句】He
is
very
experienced
in
looking
after
animals.
他养动物很有经验。
【拓展】be
experienced
in/at在……方面有经验；熟练
sum
up
experience总结经验
a
man
of
rich
experience经验丰富的
experiential
adj.经验的；凭经验的
experientialism
n.经验主义
experientialist
n.经验主义者
in
my
experience
据我的经验看
【词析】音析:第一个e读，第二个e读，重读第三个音节。
形析:de-（构词前缀表“除去；取消”)+-lete
义析:to
remove
sth.
that
has
been
written
or
printed,
or
that
has
been
stored
on
a
computer
【典句】Your
name
has
been
deleted
from
the
list.
你的名字已从名单上删掉。
【拓展】deletion
n.删除
de-前缀构成动词及相关的名词、形容词和副词：
①the
opposite
of...……的反义
decrease减少 dehumanize使丧失人性 devalue贬值
②removing
sth.除掉；去掉；取消；离开
defrost去霜，解冻 detrain（使）下火车
【词析】音析:字母y读。
形析:词根tend
（v.)+-ency(名词后缀)
义析:likely
to
behave
or
act
in
a
particular
way
【典句】She
has
a
strong
natural
tendency
towards
caution.
她天生喜欢小心谨慎。
【拓展】have
a
tendency
to/towards倾向；偏好
tend
v.
①走向；趋向；倾向；易于；有助于
②照管，照料；护理；管理
tend
on/upon
sb.服侍；招待某人
give
thought
to考虑；思考
【词析】义析:the
power
or
process
of
thinking
【典句】The
young
teacher
didn’t
give
enough
thought
to
what
age
group
the
students
were.
这位年轻的老师对学生属于什么年龄段没有足够的考虑。
【拓展】at
first
thought乍一想
at
the
thought
of一想起……（就）
on
second
thoughts进一步考虑后
Second
thoughts
are
best.[谚]三思而后行。
take
thought
for对……担心/挂念
without
a
moment’s
thought不加考虑地；立刻
without
a
second
thought立即；马上；不假思索
thoughtful
adj.沉思的；思考的；体贴的；关心别人的
thoughtless
adj.粗心大意的；欠考虑的；轻率的
【词析】音析:字母组合ore读。
形析:根词bore
（v.&
n.厌烦)+-dom(构词后缀)
义析:the
state
of
feeling
bored;
the
quality
of
being
very
boring
【典句】Television
helps
to
relieve
the
boredom
of
the
long
winter
evenings.
电视有助于打发漫长无聊的冬夜。
【拓展】get/be
bored
with对……感到厌烦；厌倦
a
boring
job/book/evening无聊的工作/书/夜晚
a
bored
expression
on
her
face
她脸上厌倦的表情
【辨析】boring和bored
动词-ing形式的形容词往往表示事物本身的特征或特性；而动词-ed形式的形容词多表示主体因受外界的影响呈现出的状态或状况，这一类多为表“情感”或“心理活动”的形容词。如：
interesting—interested，frightening—frightened，worrying—worried，moving—moved，exciting—excited，puzzling—puzzled等。如：
This
is
an
interesting
story
and
all
the
boys
are
interested
in
it.
这是一个有意思的故事，所有的男孩子都对它感兴趣。
