Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
Section
Ⅲ Task
&
Project
文本感知
Ⅰ．阅读课文“Changing
the
world—my
commitment”，判断下列句子正（T）误（F）
1．The
medical
team
consists
of
five
people：there
are
two
doctors，two
assistants
and
a
nurse.
答案：T
2．Many
local
people
there
can't
speak
English
or
French，so
I
have
some
difficulty
in
communicating
with
them.
答案：F
3．The
author's
job
there
is
not
only
being
a
nurse
but
also
being
a
person
who
can
listen
to
and
comfort
others
who
have
lost
everything
as
well
as
some
of
their
family.
答案：T
4．The
only
job
in
Sudan
for
the
author
was
to
set
up
centres
to
ensure
that
people
got
food
and
to
check
the
health
of
babies
to
make
sure
they
were
putting
on
weight.
答案：F
Ⅱ．阅读课文“Changing
the
world—my
commitment”，完成下表
Title：Changing
the
world—my
commitment
Conditions
of
the
island
◆The
whole
island
is
1．______.
◆Many
people
have
2．______
to
the
mountains
to
escape.
◆The
hospital
is
badly
damaged
and
in
a
mess
and
is
completely
3．______.
◆The
water
makes
it
difficult
for
the
cuts
and
wounds
to
get
better
and
easy
for
4．______to
spread.
◆Lack
of
5．______，medicine，food
and
clean
water.
◆The
fields
and
6．______have
been
destroyed.
Good
things
◆Many
people
can
speak
English
or
7．______.
◆8．______has
started
to
arrive.
◆Medical
9．______are
on
their
way
from
abroad.
◆A
temporary
10．______will
be
open.
答案：1．flooded 2．fled 3．unusable 4．bacteria 5．shelter 6．harvest 7．French 8．Food 9．Supplies 10．clinic
导学互动
1．One
of
the
major
problems
facing
the
children
living
in
this
remote
mountainous
area
is
poverty.（Page
59）
在这个遥远多山的地区那些儿童面临的主要问题之一是贫穷。
（1）本句是简单句，主语是one
of
the
major
problems，谓语是is，表语是poverty，facing
the
children
living
in
this
remote
mountainous
area为现在分词结构作后置定语。
分词结构作后置定语相当于一个定语从句，它和被修饰的词之间是一种逻辑上的主动或者被动关系。
I
hope
to
hear
more
about
the
activities
going
on
there.
我想了解更多关于那里发生的情况。
There
are
quite
a
few
friends
wishing
to
join
us.
许多朋友都想参加我们的活动。
Do
you
know
the
number
of
people
coming
to
the
party
你知道来参加聚会的人数吗？
Do
you
know
the
man
seated
under
the
tree
你认识坐在大树下的那位男士吗？
（2）face
v.
面对；面临；朝；向
n.面孔；表情；表面
We
share
common
experiences
and
face
common
tasks.
我们有相同的经历，也面临共同的任务。
Our
room
faces
the
sea.
我们的房间面朝大海。
We
are
faced
with
a
difficult
decision.
我们面临着一个艰难的决定。
They
all
ran
away，so
I
had
to
face
the
music.
他们都跑了，我不得不接受惩罚。
My
house
faces
to
the
south.
我的房子朝南。
You
should
face
up
to
your
responsibilities.
你应当勇敢地承担起你的责任。He
buried
his
face
in
his
hands.
他双手掩面。
Her
face
lit
up
when
she
spoke
of
the
past.
她讲到往事时就面露喜色。
联想拓展
be
faced
with
面临，面对
face
the
music
承担批评，接受惩罚
face
up
to
sth.敢于面对，勇于正视
face
to
face（with）面对面，当面
in（the）face
of
面对；尽管，不顾
lose/save
face
丢/保全面子make
a
face/faces（at）皱眉头，做苦相，做鬼脸
pull/wear
a
long
face
愁眉苦脸的样子，板着面孔
完成句子
（1）住在那座楼里的人都是那个厂的工人。
People
________
________
the
building
are
workers
in
that
factory.
答案：living
in
（2）坐在树下的那位男士是汤姆。
The
man
________
under
the
tree
is
Tom.
答案：sitting/seated
单项选择
（3）The
boy
was
caught
cheating
in
the
examination
and
he
had
to
______.
A．face
music B．play
the
music
C．face
the
music
D．listen
to
music
答案：C 解析：face
the
music“接受惩罚，承担后果”，为固定词组。
2．...they
cannot
afford
to
purchase
important
things
like
medicine.（Page
59）
……他们买不起像药品之类的重要东西。
afford
vt.
买得起；付得起；负担得起At
last
I
can
afford
a
watch.
我终于买得起一块手表了。
I
could
not
afford
so
much
money
for
a
bicycle.
我付不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。
We
can't
afford
to
go
abroad
this
summer.
今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。
I'll
be
able
to
afford
a
week's
vacation
this
summer.
今年夏天我可以腾出一星期的时间去度假。
We
cannot
afford
any
more
delays.
我们不能再有任何耽搁了。
翻译句子
（1）Can
we
afford
a
new
car
________________________________________________________________________
答案：我们买得起一辆新汽车吗？
（2）We
can't
afford
to
offend
such
an
important
customer.
________________________________________________________________________答案：冒犯这么重要的一位客户，我们可担当不起。单项选择
（3）We
can
hardly
afford
______
books
and
pens.
A．buy B．buying
C．to
buy
D．to
be
bought
答案：C 解析：afford后接动词不定式作宾语。
3．Health
care
is
limited
as
there
are
no
doctors
or
nurses
in
the
villages—no
one
has
the
means
to
pay
them.（Page
59）
健康保健很有限，因为村里没有医生和护士，再就是没有人能付钱。
means
n.手段，方法（单复数同形）
What
means
of
transport
is
she
using
她使用什么交通方式？
We
had
no
means
of
warning
them.
我们没有办法警告他们。
Mr.Wang
tries
every
means
he
could
think
of
to
help
those
students
in
need
of
financial
assistance.
王先生试了各种他能想到的办法去帮助那些需要经济援助的学生。
In
China，the
car
is
getting
to
be
a
popular
means
of
transportation.
汽车在中国逐渐成为一种受欢迎的交通工具。
联想拓展
（1）用法提示要点：
means用作主语，其谓语的数根据句意来确定。比较：
Every
possible
means
has
been
tried.→All
possible
means
have
been
tried.
表示通过某种方法做事用by；表示做某事的方法用of。
Thoughts
are
expressed
by
means
of
words.
思想靠语言来表达。
Taking
a
plane
is
the
quickest
means
of
getting
there.
去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。
（2）by
all
means
尽一切办法，务必；（表同意）当然可以
by
means
of
借助……手段，靠……方法
by
no
means
决不，一点也不（放在句首时，句子要倒装）a
means
of
communication
通讯工具
a
man
of
means
有钱人
完成句子
（1）这些货品一点也不令人满意。
These
goods
are
______
______
______
satisfactory.
答案：by
no
means
（2）只有用这种方法你才能如期完成这项任务。
You
can
finish
the
task
______
______
______
______.
答案：only
by
this
means
单项选择
（3）I've
tried
very
hard
to
improve
my
English，but
by
no
means
______
with
my
progress.
A．the
teacher
is
not
satisfied
B．is
the
teacher
not
satisfied
C．the
teacher
is
satisfied
D．is
the
teacher
satisfied
答案：D 解析：by
no
means放在句首时句子要倒装，并且by
no
means本身就是否定意义。
（4）Every
possible
means
______
to
prevent
the
air
pollution
but
the
sky
is
still
not
clear.
A．is
used
B．are
used
C．has
been
used
D．have
been
used
答案：C 解析：means单复数同形，有every修饰，说明means在此处是单数形式；再根据下文中的still可知“各种办法都已用过了”，故用现在完成时。
4．However，if
the
pump
breaks
down，repairing
it
can
be
troublesome，as
an
engineer
has
to
come
from
the
nearest
town
to
repair
it.（Page
59）
然而如果水泵坏了，修理它会很麻烦，因为工程师必须从最近的镇上赶来修理水泵。
break
down出故障；抛锚；中止；失败；不成功；划分成几部分；分解；（身体）垮掉
The
old
car
broke
down
on
the
half
way.
这辆旧车在半道上抛锚了。
Negotiations
between
the
two
sides
have
broken
down.
双方谈判已经失败了。
Each
lesson
is
broken
down
into
several
parts.
每一课都分成几部分。
He
has
broken
down
from
overwork.
由于劳累过度他的身体垮了。
联想拓展
break
away
from与……脱离；与……断绝关系
break
up分解；解放；分裂；击碎；使停止；结束
break
out（战争、火灾、瘟疫）爆发
break
into
突然发出；闯入
break
in
打断；闯入；使驯服
break
off
中断；折断；解除（婚约）；结束
break
the
rule违反规定
break
through突围；冲垮；突破（常指科研）
break
up
with
sb.和某人绝交；分手
The
prisoner
broke
away
from
the
guard.
这名犯人挣脱了看守。
The
meeting
broke
up
at
11
o'clock.
会议在11点结束。
She
broke
off
in
the
middle
of
a
sentence.
她一句话说了一半就不说了。
翻译句子
（1）The
telephone
system
has
broken
down.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：电话系统瘫痪了。
（2）Her
health
broke
down
under
the
pressure
of
work.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：因工作压力，她的身体垮掉了。
（3）Expense
on
the
project
breaks
down
as
follows.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：这项工程的费用分项列明如下。
（4）Scientists
think
they
are
beginning
to
break
through
in
the
fight
against
cancer.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：科学家们认为他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
5．Children
sit
on
the
floor，and
there
is
often
only
one
teacher
to
teach
all
the
children
even
though
they
are
of
different
ages.（Page
59）
孩子们坐在地板上，经常只有一位老师教所有的孩子，即使他们不同龄。
“（be＋）of
＋名词”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用的名词有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。
The
twin
sisters
are
of
a
size
and
the
skirt
fits
each
of
them
exactly.
双胞胎姐妹的身材一样，这件裙子两个人穿都非常合适。
Machines
are
of
different
types
and
sizes.
机器有不同的型号和规格。
联想拓展
（1）be
of＋抽象名词＝be＋副词＋其同根形容词
The
book
is
of
much
use
to
you.
＝
The
book
is
very
useful
to
you.
这本书对你们很有用。
这个句型中抽象名词前需要加much，great，little，some，no等修饰词。
（2）be
of＋普通名词
be
of＋a/an/the
same（相同）/different（不同）＋size/age/colour/height/length...
They
are
both
of
a
height.他俩一样高。
The
coats
are
of
different
colours.
那几件衣服颜色不同。
（3）be
of
＋
普通名词/物质名词：
The
wall
is
of
stone.墙是石头垒的。
句型转换
（1）Don't
throw
anything
that
may
be
useful.
Don't
throw
anything
that
may
______
______
______.
答案：be
of
use
（2）Your
sister
is
a
wise
girl.
Your
sister
is
______
______
______
______.
答案：a
girl
of
wisdom
（3）I
don't
want
to
hear
what
you
are
saying.It
is
not
interesting
to
me.
I
don't
want
to
hear
what
you
are
saying.It
is
______
______
______
to
me.
答案：of
no
interest
单项选择
（4）Coral
is
not
a
plant
but
a
variety
of
animal
life
______
and
bright
colours.
A．in
different
shapes
B．in
a
different
shape
C．of
different
shapes
D．of
a
different
shape
答案：C 解析：句意为：珊瑚不是一种植物，而是有着不同形状和鲜艳颜色的各种生物体。of
different
shapes
and
bright
colours在句中作定语，相当于形容词。A、B两项作状语。
6．Arrived
here
to
find
everything
was
in
chaos.（Page
62，Line
2）
到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
（1）本句是省略句，省略了主语I，谓语是arrived，动词不定式to
find
everything
was
in
chaos作结果状语。动词不定式作结果状语，通常表示未预料的，一般为不好的结果。而现在分词短语也可表结果，现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然产生的结果。
He
lifted
the
stone
only
to
hit
his
feet.
他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。
I
hurried
to
the
station，only
to
be
told
that
the
train
had
left.
我匆忙赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。
His
parents
died，leaving
him
as
an
orphan.
他的父母都去世了，使他成了一个孤儿。
（2）chaos
n.
混乱，杂乱，紊乱 in
chaos
处于混乱状态
Without
rules，people
would
live
in
a
state
of
chaos.
若无规则，人们将在混乱的状态中生活。
There
was
chaos
in
the
city
after
the
hurricane
had
struck.
飓风过后，城市里一片混乱。
The
strong
wind
left
the
garden
in
chaos.
大风刮得花园凌乱不堪。
联想拓展
in
chaos的同义短语有：
in
a
mess杂乱不堪
The
room
was
in
a
mess.这间房间杂乱不堪。
单项选择
（1）She
hurried
to
the
bus
station，______
the
bus
had
gone.
A．found
B．finding
C．only
finding
D．only
to
find
答案：D 解析：句意为：“她匆匆赶往公共汽车站，结果发现公共汽车已经走了。”only
to
find在此处作结果状语。
（2）A
lot
of
coal
miners
died
on
the
job
last
year，______
the
local
government
to
shut
nearly
500
small
mines
in
Shanxi
Province
alone.
A．forcing
B．to
force
C．forced
D．has
forced
答案：A 解析：迫使政府关停小煤矿是多起事故的必然结果，所以用现在分词。动词不定式作结果状语往往表示未预料到的结果，现在分词则表示自然而然产生的结果。
（3）The
traffic
in
the
city
is
______
in
the
rush
hour.
A．chaos
B．chaotic
C．in
chaos
D．both
B
and
C
答案：D 解析：chaotic和in
chaos都表示“混乱的状态”，所填词或短语在句中作表语。
7．The
situation
is
very
different
here，as
are
the
problems.（Page
62，Line
11 12）
形势完全不同，问题也是这样。
这是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as是关系词，代替前面整个句子的意思。关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，as的用法如下：
（1）从定语从句的位置角度：引导定语从句，位置无关。
句型模式为：as
...，主语＋谓语；主语，as...，谓语；主语＋
谓语，as/which...。
（2）从固定搭配角度：
常见固定用法as
is
well
known，as
is
often
the
case，as
often
happens，as
has
been
said
before，as
has
been
pointed
out，as
can
be
seen。
He
shouts
when
he
gets
angry，as
is
often
the
case.
他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
In
this
sense，property
right
equals
to
freedom，as
is
defined
by
law.
因而，财产权就是自由权，这是法律的维度内所界定的。
A
small
country
has
some
special
advantages，as
does
a
small
population.
国家小有小的好处，人少有少的好处。
单项选择
（1）（2013·山东高考）There
is
no
simple
answer，______
is
often
the
case
in
science.
A．as
B．that
C．when
D．where
答案：A 解析：考查定语从句。句意：没有简单答案，这是科学上常有的事。此处为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故排除C项和D项，而that不引导非限制性定语从句，故只有A项正确。as
is
often
the
case表示“这是常有的事”，as
指代前面主句的内容。
（2）The
amount
of
sugar
in
our
blood
stream
varies
with
the
time
of
day，______
our
temperature.
A．as
does
B．as
is
C．which
is
D．which
does
答案：A 解析：我们血液中的血糖水平以及体温随一天的时间不同而不同。as引导非限制性定语从句，且前面是行为动词。
8．Meanwhile，in
the
rest
of
the
city，shelter
and
access
to
food
and
clean
water
are
big
problems.（Page
62，Lines
23 24）
同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所、食物和净水的供给都是大问题。
（1）meanwhile
adv.
同时；其间
The
meeting
will
begin
in
ten
minutes；meanwhile
we
can
have
a
chat.
还有10分钟才开会，在此期间我们可以聊一聊。
The
doctor
will
see
you
again
next
week.Meanwhile，you
should
rest
as
much
as
possible.
医生下周还会给你看病。在此期间，你应该尽可能多休息。
In
the
accident，many
people
were
killed，but
meanwhile
there
were
some
who
were
unhurt.
在这场事故中，许多人丧生了，但也有一些人没有受伤。
联想拓展
（1）in
the
meanwhile
在此期间；与此同时
（2）同义词：in
the
meantime
In
the
meantime，the
sky
is
turning
clear.
同时，天空开始晴朗起来。
In
the
meantime
matters
in
the
house
did
not
improve.
在这段时间里，家庭情况并没有好转。
（2）access
n.
接近；使用；进入的权利，接近的机会；门路，通道
As
her
private
secretary
he
has
access
to
all
her
letters.
作为她的私人秘书，他能接触到她所有的信。
Students
must
have
access
to
a
good
library.
学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。
It
is
the
access
to
the
bus
station.这是通往公交站的路。
联想拓展
have
access
to
有机会得到，可以到达，可以使用
be
easy
[hard，difficult]
of
access
容易[难]接近
give
access
to
接见，准许出入
open
access（图书馆）开架阅览
accessible
adj.
可接近的，可进入的，可使用的
注意：get
access
to...
和have
access
to
...意思不大相同。get
access
to作“达到”或“弄到手”讲，而have
access
to则是“可以达到”或“可以弄到手”的意思。
The
police
are
still
not
sure
how
the
thieves
got
access
to
the
safe.
警察依旧弄不明白，小偷们是怎样把保险箱弄到手的。
同义句转换
（1）I
went
to
college.Meanwhile，all
my
friends
got
well paid
jobs.
I
went
to
college.______
______
______，all
my
friends
got
well paid
jobs.
答案：In
the
meantime/meanwhile
单项选择
（2）The
only______
to
their
house
is
along
that
narrow
road.
A．means
B．method
C．transport
D．access
答案：D 解析：根据表语“along
that
narrow
road”可知主语应是“进入他们的房子的唯一通道”。故选access“门路，通道”。
9．It
reminded
me
of
my
time
in
Sudan，where
several
Doctors
without
Borders
staff
were
attacked
as
people
tried
to
get
the
food.（Page
63，Lines
28 29）
这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。
remind
vt.提醒，使想起
The
pictures
remind
me
of
my
school
days.
这些相片使我想起了我的学生时代。
Remind
me
to
lock
the
door.提醒我锁门。
I
remind
him
that
he
must
go
home
before
dark.
我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。
联想拓展
（1）remind
sb.
of让某人想起……，提醒某人……
remind
sb.to
do
sth.提醒某人做某事
remind
sb.that...提醒某人/使某人想起……
（2）reminder
n.提醒物；提示
The
statue
is
a
lasting
reminder
of
Churchill's
greatness.
这座雕像使人永远缅怀丘吉尔的伟大。
The
waiters
were
clearing
the
tables，which
served
as
a
reminder
that
it
was
time
to
leave.
服务员在收拾桌子，那就是提醒顾客该走了。
单项选择
This
hotel
______
me
______
the
one
where
we
lived
last
year.
A．reminds；to B．remembers；of
C．reminds；of
D．remembers；to
答案：C 解析：remind
sb.of
sth.“使某人想起某物”。
10．I
know
I
can't
change
the
whole
world，but
I'm
proud
that
I
can
help
here
and
there，and
make
a
difference
to
people's
lives.（Page
63，Lines
49 51）
我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。
make
a
difference有作用（关系、影响）
The
sea
air
has
made
a
difference
to
her
health.
海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
Exercise
can
make
a
big
difference
to
your
state
of
health.
运动能对你的健康状况起到很大的作用。
This
scheme
will
certainly
make
a
difference
to
the
way
I
do
my
job.
这项计划无疑将会对我的工作方式产生影响。
联想拓展
（1）make
some
difference
to...对……有些影响
make
no/little
difference
to...对……没有影响
tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B
说出A与B的区别
have
a
difference
in...在……方面有差别
pay/meet
the
difference
付差额
settle（one's）differences
调停
split
the
difference
妥协，折中，互相让步
（2）It
makes
no
difference
whether...
＝
It
doesn't
matter
whether
....
是否……没有什么差别
It
makes
no
difference
whether
you
are
for
or
against
the
arrangement.你反对还是赞成这项安排都没有关系（没用）。
What's
the
difference
这有什么关系呢？
单项选择
（1）What
difference
will
it
______
whether
he
knows
or
not
A．make B．be
made
C．to
be
made
D．be
making
答案：A 解析：make
a
difference“有作用（关系、影响）”，为固定短语。分析句子结构，it为形式主语，whether引导的从句为真正的主语，it与make之间为主动关系。make为句子谓语。
（2）They
are
now
in
great
need
of
help，so
your
support
will
certainly
make
a
______.
A．deal
B．decision
C．point
D．difference
答案：D 解析：make
a
difference“有作用（关系、影响）”。
（3）He
tried
many
ways，but
they
______
no
difference
to
his
studies.
A．had
B．brought
C．made
D．caused
答案：C 解析：make
no
difference
“对……没有影响”。
（4）Whether
you
go
or
not
______
to
me.
A．makes
no
difference
B．makes
differences
C．different
D．making
much
difference
答案：A 解析：分析句子结构可知，句子缺谓语。make
no
difference
“对……没有影响”。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
导学互动
1．In
many
countries
children
are
forced
to
work
instead
of
going
to
school.（Page
57）
在许多国家，孩子们被迫去工作而不是去上学。
force
vt.
强迫；强制；迫使
I
try
my
best
to
force
him
into
accepting
my
opinion.
我尽力使他接受我的观点。
I
was
forced
to
take
a
taxi
because
the
last
bus
had
left.最后一班公共汽车已经开走了，我只好坐出租车。
Don't
force
your
opinions
on
others.
不要把你的观点强加给别人。
I
managed
to
force
the
truth
out
of
him.
我设法逼他说出了真相。
She
swallowed
hard
and
forced
back
her
tears.她使劲咽了一下口水，强忍住了眼泪。
翻译下列词组
（1）强迫某人做某事____________答案：force
sb.to
do
sth./force
sb.into
doing
sth.
（2）把……强加给某人____________
答案：force...on
sb.
翻译句子
（3）Her
parents
forced
marriage
on
her.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：她的父母逼她结婚。
（4）He
forced
a
smile.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：他挤出一丝笑容。
2．If
I
had
taken
an
alternative
path
and
had
studied
medicine，I
would
have
a
lot
of
medical
knowledge.（Page
57）
如果我当时走另一条路学医的话，我就会拥有许多医学知识。
alternative
adj.
选择性的，二择一的
n.选择对象；（两者或以上）选择
Please
find
alternative
means
of
transport.
请另外找一个运输方法。
Do
you
have
an
alternative
solution
to
the
problem
你有别的办法来解决这个问题吗？
They
had
no
alternative
in
the
matter.
在这件事上他们没有选择的余地。
That's
the
only
alternative.那是唯一可行的方法。
We
have
no
alternative
but
to
go
on.
除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。
联想拓展
have
no
alternative
but
to
do
sth.只能做某事，除……外别无选择，只好
alternatively
adv.
二者择一地，作为选择，或者
alternate
v．（使）交替 adj.
交替的；轮流的
单项选择
In
this
school，the
students
have
three
______
courses，and
seven
______
courses.
A．required；alternative
B．requiring；alternative
C．required；alternate
D．requiring；alternate
答案：A 解析：句意为：这所学校里，学生有三门必修课，七门选修课。课程是被人选的，用required；alternate作形容词，是“交替的；轮流的”之意，与语境不符。
3．Should
a
child's
parents
die，UNICEF
would
have
special
projects
to
help
the
child
even
if
he
or
she
lives
in
the
remotest
area.If
only
there
were
more
people
donating
money
to
charities！（Page
57）
若孩子的父母死了，联合国儿童基金会将会有特别项目来帮助儿童，即使他或她住在一个偏僻的地区。要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构多好！
（1）remote
adj.偏远的；偏僻的；（关系）疏远的；淡漠的；细微的；细小的Her
mother
lived
in
a
remote
village.
她的妈妈生活在一个偏僻的村子。
She
stared
at
the
remote
stars
and
said
nothing.
她凝视着遥远的群星，沉默无语。
He
seemed
rather
remote.
他看起来很冷漠。
She
was
quiet，remote
and
had
an
annoying
air
of
superiority.
她话不多，对人冷淡，而且摆出高人一等的臭架子。
Your
chances
of
success
are
rather
remote.
你成功的机会微乎其微。
词汇辨析
distant，far和remote的区别：
（1）distant指时间上、空间上的遥远，也可指亲属关系上的疏远。
The
station
is
two
miles
distant
from
the
school.
车站距学校两英里远。（2）far除表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远外，还可指程度的“远”，用于此意时可修饰表示“目光、前途、未来、过去”等的名词，还可用作副词。
A
scientist
is
always
a
man
of
far
sight.
科学家总是目光远大。（3）remote可指空间障碍，也指因离开正路而偏远、孤离原来地方，或关系远的，常与from连用。
Your
comments
are
rather
remote
from
the
subject
we
are
discussing.
你的评论跟我们正谈的问题关系不大。
（2）if
only
但愿；要是……就好了
If
only
I
had
met
her
at
the
party
yesterday.
如果在昨天的聚会上看到她有多好呀。
If
only
it
would
stop
raining
now.
要是雨现在会停下来那该多好呀。
If
only
I
had
the
chance.要是我有这次机会就好了。
If
only
I
hadn't
been
late
yesterday.
要是昨天我没迟到该多好啊！
联想拓展
（1）only
if“只有”，引导状语从句，用陈述语气；only
if位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
You'll
succeed
only
if
you
put
all
your
heart
into
your
work.
你只有全心投入工作才会成功。
Only
if
these
conditions
are
fulfilled
can
the
application
proceed
to
the
next
stage.
只有满足这些条件，申请才能够进入下一环节。
（2）if
not
不然；要不……
Are
you
ready？If
not，I'll
go
without
you.
你准备好了吗？否则，我自己去了。
（3）what
if
如果……将会怎么样
What
if
it
is
true？如果这是真的将会怎么样呢？
词汇辨析
if
only
和only
if
的区别：
if
only
接的是真实语气的时候，意思是“只要……就”。在虚拟条件句中使用时，意思是“要是……就好了”，可以独立成句。
He
will
succeed
if
only
he
does
his
best.
只要他竭尽全力，他就会成功。
If
only
I
had
done
it
carefully.
我要是认真做了这件事就好了。
only
if
强调条件实现的依据，意为“只有……才”。
Only
if
you
work
hard，can
you
be
successful.
只有你努力工作，你才会成功。
单项选择
（1）______
a
teacher
has
given
permission
can
a
student
be
allowed
to
enter
the
classroom.
A．If
only B．Only
if
C．As
if
D．Even
if
答案：B 解析：句意为：“只有老师同意，学生才能进入教室。”if
only“但愿，要是……就好了”；as
if“好像”；even
if“即使”；only
if“只有”，放在句首时主句需用倒装语序。
（2）______
we
move
the
picture
over
there？Do
you
think
it
will
look
better
A．If
only
B．What
if
C．As
if
D．Even
if
答案：B 解析：句意为：“要是我们把画移到那边去会怎样？你觉得会不会好看一点？”what
if“如果……将会怎样？”
（3）If
only
I
______
such
a
silly
mistake，but
I
did.
A．had
not
made
B．would
not
make
C．didn't
make
D．haven't
made
答案：A 解析：由“I
did”可知，此处表示与过去事实完全相反的假设，故用过去完成时。
语法指南
虚拟语气（Ⅱ）
（一）含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过介词短语来表示。
But
for
your
advice，I
could
not
have
done
it
so
successfully.
要是没有你的建议，我就不会做得那么成功。
The
changes
could
not
have
taken
place
without
the
open door
policy.
要是没有开放政策，就没有这些变化。
I
was
so
busy
then.Otherwise，I
would
have
gone
to
help
him.
那时我太忙了，否则我就去帮他了。
（二）虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用
（1）在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，require，insist，desire，urge等动词引导的宾语从句中，要用“（should＋）动词原形”来表示建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。像suggestion，proposal，plan，recommendation，demand，order，desire，request，requirement，insistence，advice，decision
等词。
（2）在“It
is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that
从句”句型中，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即
“should＋动词原形”，表示“惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满”等。这些形容词有important，necessary，essential，natural，strange，advisable，desirable，possible，probable，astonishing，surprising，desired，suggested，requested，recommended，ordered，proposed，decided，moved等。
（3）在由for
fear
that，in
case，lest
等引导的状语从句中，用
“should＋动词原形”表示
“唯恐”。如：
He
handled
the
instrument
with
care
for
fear
that
it
should
be
damaged.
他小心地拿着仪器，唯恐把它摔碎了。
（4）在
“It
is（about/high）time＋that（从句）”
中，谓语动词常用过去式或should
do（should不能省略）表示虚拟语气。如：
It
is
high
time
that
people
learned/learnt
English.
正是人们学英语的时候。
（5）在
“as
if/as
though”
引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。如：
He
works
with
such
enthusiasm
as
if
he
never
knew
fatigue.
他这样热情地工作，好像从来不知道疲倦似的。
He
speaks
English
as
though
he
were
an
American.
他说英语好像他是美国人一样。
（6）在
look，seem等动词后的
“as
if/as
though”从句中，当表示真实情况时，用陈述语气；否则用虚拟语气。如：
It
seems
as
if
they
know
each
other.（真实情况）
他们好像彼此认识。
It
seems
as
though
it
were
already
spring.（虚拟语气）
好像已经是春天了。
（7）用在if
only
引起的感叹句中。如：
If
only
the
driver
hadn't
driven
so
fast!
司机要是没开那么快就好了！
（8）动词wish引导的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句用一般过去时态；表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的情况时，从句用would＋动词原形。如：
I
wish
I
was
taller.
我要是个子高一些就好了。
We
wish
you
had
come
to
our
New
Year's
party.
我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
I
wish
you
would
stay
a
little
longer.
我希望你再待一会儿。
（9）would
rather，would
sooner等表示愿望时，其宾语从句常用虚拟语气，从句一般用过去时态表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如：
I
would
rather
you
came
tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I'd
rather
you
hadn't
done
it.我宁愿你没这样做。
I'd
sooner
she
left
the
heavy
work
to
someone
else.
我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
一、佳作展示与背诵目前中学生吸烟现象十分普遍，请根据下面提示用英语写一篇新闻报道，呼吁中学生停止吸烟。中学生吸烟的主要原因：学习任务重，考试压力大，用吸烟调节情绪；认为吸烟时尚、新潮，可以引起人们的关注；不少明星吸烟，情不自禁地模仿。
个人看法：吸烟影响健康，甚至危害生命；吸烟浪费金钱，影响学生正常生活……（其他看法）词数：150词。
范文展示：As
we
all
know，many
middle
school
students
smoke
and
there
are
a
few
reasons
for
it.
At
present
there
are
a
lot
of
things
for
the
students
to
learn
and
many
exams
to
worry
about
in
middle
schools，so
some
students
smoke
to
reduce
pressure.Some
students
learn
to
smoke
only
because
they
think
smoking
is
modern
and
fashionable.Still
some
students
try
to
attract
others'
attention
by
smoking.To
our
surprise，some
students
can't
help
following
stars
to
smoke.In
my
opinion，middle
school
students
should
not
smoke.On_the_one_hand，smoking_does_great_harm_to_our_health_and_can_even_kill_us_coldly；on_the_other_hand，smoking_also_costs_us_much_money_and_affects_our_normal_life.What's
worse，smoking
can
cause
some
students
to
do
something
against
the
law.I
wish
all
the
young
smokers
to
stop
smoking
at
once.
二、思路点拨
这是一篇建议书，作者能够条理清楚地表达自己的建议，思路清晰，安排合理、得当。
三、经典句式
（1）As
we
all
know，many
middle
school
students
smoke
and
there
are
a
few
reasons
for
it.
这是一个含有定语从句的高级句式，as代替整个主句，引导非限制性定语从句。
（2）On
the
one
hand，smoking
does
great
harm
to
our
health
and
can
even
kill
us
coldly；on
the
other
hand，smoking
also
costs
us
much
money
and
affects
our
normal
life.
“on
the
one
hand...，on
the
other
hand...”用来阐述事物的两个方面，表达准确、地道。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
课前预习导学
课标导航
句型
1．as
引导非限制性定语从句2．Neither
do
I.3．what
引导名词性从句4．if
only
要是……就好了；但愿……5．分词短语作定语6．不定式作状语
语法
虚拟语气
写作
写一则提议
考向
barrier；break
down；meanwhile；虚拟语气；同样的情况也适合后者；as引导非限制性定语从句
主题导读
Achieve！60 Second
Nuggets
of
Inspiration
Helping
People
Around
the
World
Our
world
and
our
future
will
finally
be
the
same
when
we
join
together
to
assist
each
other.Please
visit
these
sites
to
see
how
you
can
benefit
by
helping
people
in
our
families
and
throughout
the
world.
One
Person
Really
Does
Make
a
Difference!
Help
Locate
a
Missing
Child
National_Center_for_Missing_&_Exploited_Children.Help
locate
or
report
a
missing
child.
Click_here
to
find
information
about
a
missing
child
from
a
specific
state
or
region.
Fighting_Poverty_with_Literacy_and_Physical_Fitness.
The
dividing
line
between
rich
and
poor
in
America
today
is
education，and
when
one
in
six
children
in
the
United
States
lives
in
poverty，literacy
becomes
a
critical
link
in
a
chain
that
can
either
shackle
children
to
a
life
of
poverty
or
be
used
to
pull
them
out
of
it.Learn
more
about
Save
the
Children's
unique
approach.
The
Internet
Toy
Drive
Each
year，we
are
proud
to
be
a
partner
with
the
official
U．S.Marines
Toys
for
Tots
program
in
The
Internet
Toy
Drive.It's
a
sad
fact
that
millions
of
children
in
the
United
States
will
NOT
have
a
single
gift
to
open
on
Christmas
Day！We
aim
to
change
that
and
make
sure
EVERY
child
has
at
least
one
present‘from
Santa’
under
their
tree.Help_a_child_now!
The_Hunger_Project
is
more
than
an
organization.It's
a
worldwide
movement
of
women
and
men
committed
to
a
future
free
from
hunger.Achieving
the
sustainable
end
of
hunger
means
nothing
less
than
creating
a
new
future
for
all
humanity.You
can
play
a
vital
role
in
this
global
effort.Click_to_Learn_More.
The
Literacy
Site
Your
click
on
the
red
“Give
Free
Books”
button
at
The
Literacy
Site
generates
books
for
children
in
need，funded
by
site
sponsors
and
provided
through
our
award
winning
charity
partner，First
Book.In
the
last
three
years，First
Book
has
distributed
over
20
million
books
to
children
in
hundreds
of
communities.Visit_the_Literacy_Site.
Questions：
1．What
do
you
think
of
“One
Person
Really
Does
Make
a
Difference！”？
答案：Everyone
in
the
world
can
do
something
to
help
others，materially
or
spiritually.
2．Does
anybody
around
you
live
in
poverty
or
lose
his
or
her
child？Can
you
describe
their
situations
in
detail？How
can
we
help
them
答案：The
answer
is
various.
基础导练
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．________
n.描写（文字），形容，说明→________
vt.
描写，形容
答案：description;
describe
2．________
adj.政治的；政府的→________
n.政治学，政治活动→________
n.政治家
答案：political；politics；politician
3．________
adj.
令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的→________
adj.值得的n.价值→________
adj.
重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间的（或花钱、努力等）
答案：worthy；worth；worthwhile
4．________
n.
增加；添加→________
vt.
增加；添加→________
adj.
附加的；额外的
答案：addition；add；additional
5．________
adj.
平等的；同等的
n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→________
n.平等；同等
答案：equal；equality
6．________
adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→________n.志愿者
答案：voluntary；volunteer
7．________
vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→________
n.贡献
答案：contribute；contribution
8．________
n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死→________
vt.使挨饿
vi.挨饿，饿死
答案：starvation；starve
9．________
adj.
多泥的，泥泞的→________n.
泥，泥泞
答案：muddy；mud10．________
n.个人财产；拥有；具有→________
vt.拥有；具有
答案：possession；possess
11．________
n.供暖；供暖系统，暖气设备→________
n.
热，热度
vt.&vi.（使）热
答案：heating；heat
12．________
n.容器；集装箱→________
vt.容纳，包含
答案：container；contain
13．________
n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→________
vt.犯罪；承诺；委托
答案：commitment；commit
14．________
n.助理，助手
adj.助理的，副的→________
n.协助，援助，补助→________
vt.帮助，协助，援助
答案：assistant；assistance；assist
15．________
n.人群
vt.&vi.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→________
adj.
拥挤的，挤满的，塞满的
答案：crowd；crowded
16．________
vt.谈及；查阅→________
n.谈及；查阅
答案：refer；reference
17．________
vt.
获得→________
n.
获得，获得物
答案：acquire；acquisition
18．________
v.
扩展，扩大→________
n.
膨胀，扩张
答案：expand；expansion
19．________
adj.紧急的，紧迫的→________
n.
紧急，紧迫
答案：urgent；urgency
20．________
n.山→________
adj.
多山的
答案：mountain；mountainous
21．________
adj.麻烦的，讨厌的→________
n.&v.
麻烦
答案：troublesome；trouble
22．________
vt.
提醒，使想起→________
n.提醒物
答案：remind；reminder
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．refer
to
__________
答案：谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
2．set
up
__________
答案：创建，建立；开办
3．in
addition
__________
答案：除……以外（还），此外
4．attract/draw/catch
one's
attention
__________
答案：引起某人的注意
5．die
from
__________
答案：死于……
6．force
one's
way
__________
答案：挤着前进
7．出故障，抛锚；中止，失败
__________
答案：break
down
8．抓住，握住；找到，得到
__________
答案：get
hold
of
9．从一地到另一地
__________
答案：from
place
to
place
10．在……的保护下
__________
答案：under
the
umbrella
of
11．但愿
__________
答案：if
only
12．有作用（关系、影响）__________答案：make
a
difference
13．处于混乱状态
__________
答案：in
chaos
14．让某人想起
__________
答案：remind
somebody
of
15．回想
__________
答案：think
back
to
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．I
am
pleased
to
have
this
chance
today
to
talk
to
you
about
the
United
Nations，or
the
UN，________
it
is
more
often
referred
to.（Page
50，Lines
1 2）
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名字更常用。
答案：as
2．—I
did
not
know
very
much
about
what
they
did
before.（Page
53）
以前我并不了解他们做的事。
—________
________
________.
我也不了解。
答案：Neither
did
I
3．________
________
I
were
a
Goodwill
Ambassador！（Page
56）
要是我是一个亲善大使该多好啊！
答案：If
only
4．Now
________
do
you
think
is
the
most
important
aspect
of
UNICEF's
work？（Page
57）
现在，你认为联合国儿童基金会最主要的工作是什么？
答案：what
5．One
of
the
major
problems
________
________
________
living
in
this
remote
mountainous
area
is
poverty.（Page
59）
在这个遥远多山的地区那些儿童面临的主要问题之一是贫穷。
答案：facing
the
children
6．Arrived
here
________
________
everything
was
in
chaos.（Page
62，Line
2）
到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
答案：to
find
在预习中还有哪些问题需要你在听课时加以关注？请在下列表格中做个备忘吧！
课堂合作探究
Section
Ⅰ Welcome
to
the
unit，Reading
&
Word
power
文本感知
Ⅰ．阅读课文“The
UN—bringing
everyone
closer
together”，判断下列句子正（T）误（F）
1．The
UN
was
set
up
just
before
the
World
War
Ⅱ
in
October
1945.
答案：F
2．Today，the
UN
is
made
up
of
191
countries，but
at
first
there
were
less
than
fifty
countries
in
the
UN.答案：F
3．The
UN
has
four
main
functions.
答案：T
4．The
UN
doesn't
have
its
own
army，but
it
can
borrow
soldiers
from
every
country.
答案：F5．The
author
works
as
a
Goodwill
Ambassador
for
the
UN
without
pay，and
he
is
voluntary.
答案：T
Ⅱ．阅读课文“The
UN—bringing
everyone
closer
together”，完成下列表格
The
United
Nations
Time
of
its
foundation
1．________
Number
（originally）51；（recently）2．________
Tasks
To
help
end
3．________To
assist
the
4．________
of
wars
and
disastersTo
protect
5．________To
improve
6．________To
help
with
problems
such
as
7．________
Purposes
To
keep
international
8．________To
develop
friendly
relationships
among
nationsTo
cooperate
in
solving
international
problems
and
in
promoting
9．________
for
human
rightsTo
be
a
10．________
for
organizing
the
actions
or
work
of
different
nations
答案：1．October,1945 2．192 3．conflicts 4．victims 5．human
rights 6．international
laws 7．lack
of
food 8．peace 9．respect 10．centre
导学互动
1．I
am
pleased
to
have
this
chance
today
to
talk
to
you
about
the
United
Nations，or
the
UN，as
it
is
more
often
referred
to.（Page
50，Lines
1 2）
我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
（1）这是一个复合句，含有as引导的一个原因状语从句，其中it指代the
UN。
I
must
stop
now
as
I
have
to
go
out.
我得就此打住了，因为我得出去。
联想拓展
（1）as
作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，as指前边或后边的整个句子。
As
you
can
see
in
the
map，the
two
cities
are
far
away
from
each
other.
如你在地图上所见，这两座城市相距甚远。
（2）as还可以引导限制性定语从句，常与the
same，such等词连用。
Such
women
as
knew
Tom
thought
he
was
charming.
那些认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。
My
stand
on
this
is
just
the
same
as
it
was
four
years
ago.
我对这个问题的立场和四年前一样。
注意：有时such可与as连在一起。
（2）refer
to谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考；呈交
Don't
refer
to
this
matter
again，please.
请不要再提这件事了。
Economists
refer
to
the
goods
or
service
as
inferior.
经济学家称这些商品或者服务为次品。
For
further
particulars，please
refer
to
Chapter
Ten.
详情请参考第10章。
The
case
was
referred
to
the
Court
of
Appeal.
这件案子被送交到上诉法院。
联想拓展
（1）refer...to把……提交给（某组织或团体）
The
dispute
was
referred
to
the
United
Nations.
那场争执被提交联合国解决。（2）refer
to...as...把……称作……
The
speaker
referred
to
him
as
an
up and coming
politician.
这位演讲者称他是一位有前途的政治家。
（3）reference
n.谈到，提到；查阅，参考
He
made
several
references
to
her
latest
book.
他几次提到她最近写的书。
This
is
a
good
book
of
reference.
这是一本很好的参考书。
单项选择
（1）________
is
often
the
case，we
have
worked
out
the
production
plan.
A．Which B．When
C．What
D．As
答案：D 解析：非限制性定语从句放在句首，并且从句引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语时，且这个引导词指代后面的整个句子，这个引导词为as。
（2）He
must
be
from
Africa，________
can
be
seen
from
his
skin.
A．that
B．as
C．it
D．what
答案：B 解析：根据有逗号与主句隔开，可知后半句为从句，从所缺成分，可判断此从句为非限制性定语从句。四个选项中只有B项可以引导非限制性定语从句。
（3）The
professor
______
in
the
letter
will
give
us
a
lecture
next
week.
A．referred
B．referred
to
C．referring
D．referring
to
答案：B 解析：referred
to
in
the
letter作后置定语修饰professor。
2．I
feel
very
honoured
to
have
been
able
to
take
on
this
role.（Page
50，Lines
6 7）
能够担当这个角色，我感到非常荣幸。
honour
vt.
使……感到荣耀；给……荣誉；尊敬；信守（承诺）n.
[U]光荣；荣誉；敬意[C]荣幸（只用单数）He
was
honoured
as
a
man
of
courage.
他是一个有勇气的人，因而受人尊重。
I
was
honoured
to
have
been
mentioned
in
his
speech.
他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。
I
have
every
intention
of
honouring
our
contract.
我完全愿意执行我们的合约。
He
took
part
in
the
competition
for
the
honour
of
his
school.
他为学校的荣誉而参加了这场比赛。
It's
an
honour
to
have
dinner
with
you.
很荣幸与你一起共进晚餐。
联想拓展
（1）be
honoured
with被授予
be
honoured
to
do
sth.做某事感到荣幸
do
the
honours履行社交责任；执行仪式
do
sb.the
honour
of
doing
sth.赏光；做某事给某人带来荣誉
give
honour
to
尊重（敬重）……
have
the
honour
of
sth./of
doing
sth.得到某殊荣；有幸做某事
in
honour
of...纪念……；向……表示敬意
（2）honourable
adj.
可敬的；荣耀的；体面的
He
received
an
honourable
discharge
from
the
army.
他获准体面退伍。
单项选择
（1）We
celebrate
Mother's
Day
______
our
mothers.
A．in
honour
of
B．instead
of
C．in
favour
of
D．by
means
of
答案：A 解析：句意为：“我们庆祝母亲节是对母亲表示敬意。”in
honour
of
“向……表示敬意”。
（2）—We
______
to
have
you
here
tonight.
—Thank
you
and
it
is
______
for
me
to
be
invited.
A．honour；honourable
B．honour；an
honour
C．are
honoured；honour
D．are
honoured；an
honour
答案：D 解析：句意为：“——我们对您今晚的到来感到荣幸。——谢谢你们，能够被邀请是我的荣幸。”考查句型sb.
be/feel
honoured
to
do
sth.和it
is
an
honour
to
do
sth.。
3．So，when
was
the
United
Nations
set
up？（Page
50，Line
9）
那么，联合国是什么时候建立的呢？
set
up创建；建立；开办；引起；产生；使（某人）开始（工作或创业）
Plenty
of
foreign
firms
have
set
up
factories
here.
很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。
They
wanted
to
set
up
a
state
of
their
own.
他们想建立自己的国家。
She
set
up
as
a
lawyer.她开始了律师生涯。
His
father
gave
him
some
capital
to
set
him
up
in
business.
他父亲给他一些资本，让他开始创业。
联想拓展
set
against
反对；使对立
set
apart/aside
留出；拨出
set
back推迟；延缓
set
down放下；写下；记下；制订
set
in
以……为背景
set
off出发；动身；使爆炸；引发
set
out
陈述；阐明；安排；动身；启程；开始做
set
out
to
do
sth.＝set
about
doing
sth.＝get
down
to
doing
sth.着手做某事/开始干某事
He
set
out
his
objections
to
the
plan.
他陈述了他对这个计划的反对意见。
Two
rooms
were
set
apart
for
use
as
libraries.
留出两间房间作为图书室。
The
standards
were
set
down
by
the
governing
body.
这些标准是由管理机构制订的。
A
gang
of
boys
were
setting
off
fireworks
in
the
street.
一帮男孩子正在街上放烟火。
单项选择
（1）For
all
these
years
I
have
been
working
for
others.I'm
hoping
I'll
______
my
own
business
someday.
A．turn
up B．fix
up
C．set
up
D．make
up
答案：C 解析：turn
up“出现，调高”；fix
up“修补，解决”；set
up“建立，成立”；make
up“编造，组成，化妆”。
（2）Please
______
some
tips
while
listening
to
the
speech
made
by
the
experts.
A．set
down
B．set
up
C．come
up
D．come
out
答案：A 解析：set
down“写下，记下”；set
up“创建，建立”；come
up“靠近，出现”；come
out“出来，出版”。
4．With
the
help
of
these
armies
and
other
worthy
organizations...（Page
50，Lines
19 20）
在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下……
worthy
adj.
令人敬重的（只作定语）；值得的，相称的；有价值的
He
is
a
worthy
teacher.他是一位受人尊敬的老师。
He
has
lived
a
worthy
life.他度过了有意义的一生。
There
occurred
nothing
that
was
worthy
to
be
mentioned.
没有值得一提的事发生。
The
school
has
graduated
many
worthy
young
people.
这所学校培养出了许多有为的年轻人。
联想拓展
形容词worthy可以作表语和定语：
（1）作表语
①worthy与of连用时，构成be
worthy
of，of的后面可以接名词或动名词的被动形式。
That
is
worthy
of
note.那件事值得注意。
This
phenomenon
is
worthy
of
being
studied.
这种现象值得研究。
②worthy可与动词不定式连用，动词不定式也要用被动形式。但worthy后面不可再用介词of，须直接接不定式。
This
problem
is
worthy
to
be
considered.
这个问题值得考虑。
（2）作定语
This
is
a
worthy
article.这是一篇值得一看的文章。
注：“worth
of＋动名词”与“worth＋动名词”在形式上完全不同：worthy
of后面接被动式的动名词；而worth后面接主动式的动名词，虽然在形式上是主动的，但其意义仍然是被动的。试比较：
The
second hand
house
is
worthy
of
being
bought.
＝The
second hand
house
is
worth
buying.
那套二手房值得买。
词汇辨析
worth，worthy和worthwhile
这三个词都可作形容词，都有“值（得）……、应受到赏识的、有价值的、有意义的”等意思，但用法不同。
worth只能作表语，但不能单独作表语，后面必须接名词或动名词（主动表示被动）
The
used
car
is
still
worth
$2,000.
这辆二手车依然值2,000美元。
Is
the
exhibition
worth
a
visit/visiting
这个展览会值得去参观吗？
worth不能作定语，要作定语需用worthwhile或worthy。
worthy
不能单独作表语，后面须接of
＋
n.或不定式，不能用主动表示被动。
worthwhile可以作定语和表语，也只有worthwhile可单独作表语。
Thank
you
for
your
worthwhile
suggestion.
谢谢你提出的好建议。
When
we
die
for
the
people，it
is
a
worthy
death.
我们为人民而死，就是死得其所。
These
results
are
not
worthwhile.
这样的结果并不值得。
Hangzhou
is
a
beautiful
place.It
is
worthwhile
going/to
go
there.
杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。
单项选择
（1）—Have
you
read
the
books
—Yes.But
the
one
is
______
worthy
of
being
read.I
suggest
you
read
it
if
you
have
time.
A．little
B．well
C．much
D．more
答案：B 解析：句意为：“——你读过这些书吗？——读过，但是这本书特别值得一读。我建议你有时间读读。”worthy前可用well修饰，表示程度。
（2）The
______
soldier
said
it
was
______
to
give
up
his
rest
time
to
save
more
people
caught
in
the
earthquake.
A．worth；worthy
B．worthy；worthwhile
C．worthwhile；worth
D．worthy；worth
答案：B 解析：句意为：“那位可敬的战士说放弃自己的休息时间去营救更多的被困在地震中的人是值得的。”worthy用作定语，意为“可敬的”；be
worthwhile
to
do
sth.“做某事是值得的”。
5．In
addition，the
UN
helps
protect
human
rights
and
works
to
improve
international
laws，for
example，those
on
child
labour
and
on
equal
rights
for
minorities
and
women.（Page
50，Lines
20 23）
另外，联合国帮助保护人权并致力于改善国际法，例如，那些关于童工的法律和少数民族及妇女平等权利的法律。
（1）in
addition另外；此外
In
addition，the
new
treatment
reduces
the
number
of
injections
needed.
此外，新型疗法减少了注射剂的使用数量。
联想拓展
in
addition
to
除……之外（还）
In
addition
to
English，there
are
some
materials
in
French，German
and
Spanish.
除了英语，还有一些材料是法语、德语和西班牙语的。
In
addition
to
my
studies，I
got
involved
in
lots
of
extracurricular
activities.
除了学习以外，我还参加了许多课外活动。
（2）equal
adj.
平等的；同等的；胜任的
n.
同等的人；相等物
vt.
与……相同或相等
A
dime
is
equal
to
10
cents.一角钱相当于十分硬币。
I'm
not
equal
to
the
task.我不能胜任这项任务。
In
spelling
she
had
no
equal.在拼写方面，她没有对手。
Two
plus
two
equals
four.二加二等于四。
No
one
equals
him
in
strength.论力气，无人能和他相比。
单项选择
（1）A
new
security
system
was
installed.______，extra
guards
were
hired.
A．As
a
result
B．Apart
form
C．In
that
case
D．In
addition
答案：D 解析：in
addition意为“另外”，从前后看符合句意。
完成句子
（2）不是所有人的能力都是一样的。
Not
all
men
are
______
______
______.
答案：equal
in
ability
（3）人人机会均等。
Everybody
has
______
______
______.
答案：an
equal
chance
（4）这一成就可能任何时候都没有能与之匹敌的。
This
achievement
is
unlikely
ever
______
______
______.
答案：to
be
equalled
6．My
job
with
the
UN
is
not
paid
but
voluntary...（Page
51，Line
25）
我在联合国的工作不是付费的，而是自愿的……
voluntary
adj.自愿的，志愿的
She's
very
taken
up
with
voluntary
work
at
the
moment.
她目前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。
联想拓展
volunteer
vt.&
n.
自愿，自愿者
volunteer
sth.自愿提供，自愿给予
volunteer
to
do
sth.自愿干某事
volunteer
for
military
service/to
join
the
army
自愿服役/参军
Two
men
volunteered
to
search
for
the
missing
climber.
两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。
She
volunteered
some
information.
她主动提供了一些情况。
That
man
is
a
volunteer
fireman
in
this
town.
那个人是这个镇里的志愿消防队员。
单项选择
—I'll
find
someone
to
send
this
letter
to
the
general
himself.
—This
is
really
a
hard
task.I
think
you
must
find
a
______.
A．soldier
B．settler
C．translator
D．volunteer
答案：D 解析：根据语言环境，用volunteer（志愿者）比较好。soldier
“士兵”；settler“定居者”；translator“翻译”。
7．In
addition，my
visits
will
encourage
people
working
on
the
projects
and
draw
local
people's
attention
to
the
situation.（Page
51，Lines
29 31）
此外，我的访问将会鼓励人们为那些项目工作并且吸引当地的人们对形势的关注。
attention
n.
注意；关注
You
must
give
your
full
attention
to
what
you
are
doing.
你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事。
Let
me
have
your
attention！请注意听我讲话！
The
children
paid
attention
to
the
teacher.
孩子们专心听老师讲话。
联想拓展
attract/draw/catch
one's
attention引起某人的注意
bring
sth.to
one's
attention
让某人注意某事
call
sb.'s
attention
to
sth.让某人注意某事
devote
one's
attention
to...专心于……
pay
attention
to注意（to为介词）
stand
at
attention
立正
attentive
adj.
注意的；专心的；留意的
完成句子
（1）报纸上的一篇文章引起了我的注意。
An
article
in
the
newspaper
______
______
______.
答案：caught/attracted/drew
my
attention
（2）他试图引起服务员的注意。
He
______
______
______
the
waiter's
attention.
答案：tried
to
attract/draw/catch
单项选择
（3）The
advertisement
______
always
______
people's
attention.
A．in
big
print；pays
B．in
big
print；draws
C．with
big
print；pays
D．with
big
print；catches
答案：B 解析：in
big
print“用大号铅字印刷”，draw
one's
attention
“引起某人的注意”。
8．They
collect
approximately
1.35
yuan
per
day
from
each
member
and
add
it
to
some
money
contributed
by
the
government.（Page
51，Lines
34 35）
他们每天从每个成员手中收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府资助给他们的钱加在一起。
contribute
vt.&
vi.捐献，捐赠（尤指款或物），捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
He
contributed
some
money
to
the
flood
victims.
他捐出了一些钱给受洪水灾害的难民。
His
researches
contributed
greatly
to
the
progress
of
science.
他的研究对科学的进步有很大的贡献。
Exercise
contributes
to
your
health.
运动有益于健康。
The
professor
once
contributed
an
article
to
the
newspaper
office.
这位教授曾经向这家报社投稿。
联想拓展
contribution捐献；贡献；捐赠物，捐款；contributor
捐赠者
He
made
a
great
contribution
to
mankind.
他对人类作出了伟大的贡献。
They
were
working
hard
to
collect
contributions.
他们在努力募集捐款。
单项选择
（1）He
was
honoured
in
many
ways
for
his
______
the
film
industry.
A．contribution
for
B．contribution
to
C．contributions
for
D．contributions
to
答案：D 解析：根据in
many
ways可知他对电影业的贡献是多方面的。contributions
to
“对……作出贡献”。故选D项。
（2）They
______
much
time
to
founding
the
university.
A．spent
B．contributed
C．took
D．wasted
答案：B 解析：句意为：“创办这所大学，他们贡献了大量时间。”contribute
...
to
...“向……作出贡献”，其中to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词。
9．With
this，the
women
have
enough
money
to
acquire
materials
to
make
baskets.（Page
51，Lines
36 37）
这样，妇女们就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的编织材料。
acquire
vt.（尤其指的是通过努力）购得；获得，得到；学会
The
TV
station
acquired
the
rights
to
broadcast
Olympic
events.
这家电视台获得了奥运赛事的转播权。
She
has
acquired
a
good
knowledge
of
English.
她精通英语。
联想拓展
常见的含有acquire的短语：
acquire
a
taste
for...逐渐培养对……的兴趣
acquire
a
reputation
for...得到或获得……的名声
an
acquired
taste
逐渐养成的爱好
It
will
take
a
long
time
to
______
the
skills
she
needs
to
become
a
famous
player.
A．require
B．acquire
C．request
D．demand
答案：B 解析：根据句意可知此空需填表示“取得，学会”的意思的词汇，B项符合要求。其他选项都是“需要，要求”的意思。
10．Apart
from
the
urgent
problems
caused
by
wars
and
conflicts，the
UN
helps
countries
with
other
problems
such
as
lack
of
education，starvation，disasters，AIDS
and
other
diseases.（Page
51，Lines
42 44）
除了由战争和冲突引起的紧急问题外，联合国还帮助那些因教育匮乏，食物短缺，灾难、艾滋病和其他疾病而引起问题的国家。
（1）urgent
adj.
紧急的，紧迫的
The
matter
can
wait
until
next
meeting.It's
not
urgent.
这件事可以等到下次会议处理，不急。
It's
not
urgent—we
can
do
it
next
week
or
whenever.
这不着急——我们可以下星期或其他时候做。
I'm
afraid
something
urgent
has
come
up.I
won't
be
able
to
visit
you
tonight.
很抱歉，我有些急事。今晚不能去拜访你了。
联想拓展
（1）urgently
adv.
紧急地，急迫地
No
delay！We
urgently
need
these
books.
绝不要拖延！我们急需这些书。
（2）urgency
n.
紧急的事
Rarely
did
she
request
help
but
this
was
a
matter
of
urgency.
她很少求助于人，这事确实十分紧急。
（3）urge
vt.
催促，力劝，强烈要求 n.
迫切要求，强烈欲望
作名词时，常与不定冠词连用，常用搭配为have（get，feel...）an
urge
to
do
sth.，表示“有强烈的愿望去做某事”；
作及物动词时，后接名词、复合不定式或that从句等作宾语。注意that从句中要用“（should＋）动词原形”结构。
常用短语：urge
against
极力反对
urge...into
doing/to
do
催促/怂恿做……
urge
upon/on...
向……强调
（2）conflict
n.&
vi.
争执；抵触；冲突
She
often
comes
into
conflict
with
her
mother in law.
她经常与婆婆发生争执。
She
found
herself
in
conflict
with
her
parents
over
her
future
career.
她发现自己在将来的择业问题上与父母存在分歧。
This
conflicts
with
the
evidence.
这与证据相矛盾。
单项选择
（1）They
urged
that
the
Science
Museum
______
open
during
the
vacation.
A．was
kept
B．were
kept
C．be
kept
D．will
be
kept
答案：C 解析：urge后接that从句，要用“（should＋）动词原形”结构。
翻译下列短语
（2）发生争执；冲突____________
答案：come
into
conflict
（3）与……存在冲突____________
答案：in
conflict
with...
（4）与……发生矛盾____________
答案：conflict
with...
完成句子
（5）我们有一件紧要的事情要处理。
We
have
________
________
________
to
deal
with.
答案：an
urgent
thing
11．These
carpets
are
decorated
with
beautiful
traditional
patterns
and
can
fetch
a
high
price
on
the
International
market.（Page
53）
这些地毯用美丽传统的形式装饰，可以在国际市场中卖得高价。
fetch
vt.售得，卖得（某价）；取来，去拿来（去并且取回）
The
painting
is
expected
to
fetch
￡10,000
at
auction.
这幅画在拍卖会上有望卖到1万英镑。
I
asked
him
to
fetch
me
the
evening
paper.
我请他去给我把晚报拿来。
She
rose
and
fetched
a
chair
from
the
next
room.
她站起身从隔壁屋里搬来一把椅子。
词汇辨析
bring，take，carry与fetch的区别
这几个词都有“拿，带”的意思。
（1）bring指从别处把某人或某物带来或拿来。
Take
the
empty
box
away
and
bring
me
a
full
one.
把这个空盒子拿走，给我拿个满的来。
While
she
was
in
hospital，her
friends
used
to
bring
her
books.
她住院时，朋友们经常带书给她看。
（2）take指从这里把某人或某物带走或拿走。
On
his
days
off
he
takes
his
children
to
the
park.
休假的日子，他就带孩子们去公园。
（3）carry意为“拿，提，扛”，没有方向性，但有负重的含义。
Thank
you
for
helping
me
carry
the
heavy
box
upstairs.
谢谢你帮我把这个重箱子提到楼上。
The
young
mother
was
carrying
her
baby
in
her
arms.
年轻的母亲怀里抱着婴儿。
（4）fetch表示到别处去把某人或某物带来。
You
can
fetch
your
schoolbag
home.你可以回家取书包。
完成句子
（1）你能给我拿一些粉笔吗？
Can
you
______
______
some
chalk
答案：fetch
me
（2）你最好把这些旧字典带回家。
You'd
better
______
the
old
dictionaries
______.
答案：take；home
（3）下次回来时，你要带一把伞来。
When
you
come
back
next
time，you
must
______
an
umbrella
______
you.
答案：bring；with
同义句转换（一空一词）
（4）Go
and
bring
your
supper
yourself，Robert.
______
your
supper
yourself，Robert.
答案：Fetch
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。
