Module
5 The
Conquest
of
the
Universe
功能
Expressing
hesitation
in
English
句型
1．Ever
since
Neil
Armstrong
first
set
foot
on
the
Moon
back
on
21st
July,1969，...→ever
since...表示从过去某个时间点到现在，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态。2．But
this
was
going
to
be
a
special
flight...→this
was
going
to
be...这将要成为……
语法
Review
of
noun
clauses
复习名词性从句
写作
Writing
a
news
report
about
space
考点
独立主格结构 名词性从句 部分倒装
你知道什么是航天飞机吗？它与普通飞机有什么不同？
航天飞机有哪些用途？
你认为探索宇宙最好、最实用的飞行器是什么？
中国在探索宇宙方面走在世界的前列，中国有没有航天飞机？
航天飞机有什么优点和局限性？
要想知道答案，请阅读下面的文章吧！
Space
Shuttle
Meant
by
NASA
to
be
the
workhorse
of
a
new
era
in
space
exploration，the
space
shuttle
has
been
involved
in
two
tragedies
and
a
great
leap
forward
in
our
understanding
of
the
universe.
Unlike
the
rockets
that
brought
astronauts
to
the
moon，the
shuttles
are
orbiters
that
have
been
designed
for
repeated
use
on
missions
into
space.Intended
to
be
used
on
as
many
as
100
launches，each
shuttle
also
has
the
ability
to
carry
satellites
and
other
large
payloads
into
space，and
can
transport
astronauts
to
and
from
the
International
Space
Station.
In
all，NASA
built
five
shuttles
for
space
flight—Columbia，Challenger，Discovery，Atlantis，and
Endeavour．The
first
flight
was
made
by
Columbia
on
April
12,1981.
Three
of
the
shuttles
still
exist
today．The
Challenger
shuttle
exploded
after
the
take off
on
its
10th
mission
in
1986，killing
all
seven
astronauts
on
board，including
a
New
Hampshire
civilian，Christa
McAuliffe．And
the
shuttle
Columbia
exploded
as
it
was
reentering
the
atmosphere
in
2003，also
killing
its
seven
astronauts．After
both
disasters，review
panels
issued
scathing
reports，saying
that
pressures
to
complete
missions
and
a
culture
of
complacency
had
led
to
an
underestimation
of
risks.
In
1993
astronauts
carried
out
a
complicated
repair
mission
to
install
corrective
optics
in
the
Hubble
telescope，whose
ability
to
see
far
beyond
the
reach
of
any
earthbound
telescope
had
been
clouded
by
a
flaw
in
its
mirror．A
final
repair
mission
to
the
Hubble
launched
on
May
11,2009．The
flight
comes
as
NASA
is
once
again
at
a
crossroad；the
agency
has
begun
laying
off
workers
as
part
of
the
decision
to
retire
the
shuttle
in
2010．The
Hubble
mission
thus
marks
the
beginning
of
the
end
for
the
space
shuttle，whose
greatest
legacy
might
very
well
be
the
role
it
played
in
the
repair
and
maintenance
of
the
telescope.
After
decades
of
use，the
shuttles
have
just
about
reached
the
end
of
their
lives，and
the
Bush
administration
announced
in
2004
that
it
was
bringing
the
program
to
a
close.President
Obama
has
ordered
a
review
of
the
NASA's
long heralded
plan
to
return
humans
to
the
Moon
and
of
the
Constellation
spacecraft
that
are
to
succeed
the
shuttle.
诱思探究
Decide
whether
the
following
statements
are
true（T）or
false（F）．
1．Space
shuttles
are
orbiters
that
have
been
designed
for
repeated
use
on
missions
into
space.（ ）
2．There
was
only
one
disaster
to
the
space
shuttle.（ ）
3．The
Obama
administration
isn't
in
favour
of
the
NASA's
long heralded
plan.（ ）
答案：1．T 2．F 3．F
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．______
adj.
习惯的→______
n.
风俗，习惯→______
n.
顾客
答案：accustomed；custom；customer
2．______
adj.
历史性的，有重大历史意义的→______
adj.
历史（上）的→______
n.
历史
答案：historic；historical；history
3．______
v.
假定，假设→______
n.
假定，假设答案：assume；assumption
4．______
n.
耐心→______
adj.
有耐心的→______
adj.
不耐烦的
答案：patience；patient；impatient
5．______
v.
依靠，取决于→______
n.
依靠→______
adj.
依靠的→______
n.
自立，独立→______
adj.
独立的
答案：depend；dependence；dependent；independence；independent
6．______
v.
承认；认为→______
n.
知识
答案：acknowledge；knowledge
7．______
n.
入侵→______
v.
侵略，侵袭
答案：invasion；invade
8．______
adj.
不可避免的→______
v.
避免
答案：inescapable；escape
9．______
adv.
蓄意地，故意地→______
adj.
蓄意的，故意的
答案：deliberately；deliberate
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．____________
不管 regardless
of
__________
答案：in
spite
of；不惜，不顾2．__________
在……一开始的时候 __________
在……结束的时候
答案：at
the
very
beginning
of；at
the
end
of
3．__________
指责某人某事 ______________
被控告犯有……罪
答案：accuse
sb.
of
doing
sth.；be
accused
of
4．____________
祈望；祈求 pray
to
sb.
for
sth.
__________
答案：pray
for；向某人祈求做某事
5．____________
与……相似的 __________
在……相似
be
different
from
__________ be
different
in
__________
答案：be
similar
to；be
similar
in；与……不同；在……方面不同
6．__________
使某事开始 __________
开始；着手 set
in
__________ set
up
__________
答案：set
in
motion；set
about；（背景）设置在……；建立
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．______
______
______
the
Challenger
took
off
in
1986，the
world
seemed
to
have
lost
its
fear
and
wonder
at
the
amazing
achievement
of
people
going
up
into
space.
在1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，全世界似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一惊人的成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。
答案：By
the
time
2．May
______
______
Be
with
You
愿力量与你同在
答案：the
Force3．It
______
______
______
by
the
movie
industry
______
the
most
successful
film
series
ever.
现在它被电影界公认为历史上最成功的电影系列片。
答案：is
now
acknowledged；as
4．But
when，in
1938，the
American
actor
and
director，Orson
Welles
______
a
radio
drama
of
The
War
of
the
Worlds
______
the
real
life
New
Jersey
town
of
Grover's
Mill，little
______
______
______
what
impact
he
was
going
to
make.
但是1938年当这位美国演员兼导演奥森·韦尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。
答案：set；in；did
he
know
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary
Read
Space：the
Final
Frontier
and
choose
the
correct
answer.1．Who
landed
on
the
Moon
back
on
21st
July,1969
A．Nie
Haisheng.
B．Neil
Armstrong.
C．Fei
Junlong.
D．Christa.
2．What
was
Christa
A．A
teacher.
B．A
student.
C．A
researcher.
D．A
child.
3．What
would
Christa
do
in
space
A．She
would
make
two
speeches.
B．She
would
make
two
space
steps.
C．She
would
give
two
lessons.D．She
would
do
two
chemistry
experiments.
4．Why
did
the
world
feel
shocked
and
terrible
A．The
Challenger
was
successfully
sent
up.
B．The
Challenger
landed
on
the
Moon.
C．The
Challenger
circled
around
the
Earth
thirty
times.
D．The
Challenger
exploded
in
mid air.
答案：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
1．Ever
since
Neil
Armstrong
first
set
foot
on
the
Moon
back
on
21st
July,1969，people
have
become
accustomed
to
the
idea
of
space
travel.（P58）
自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。
accustomed
adj.
习惯的
He
is
accustomed
to
travelling
a
lot
with
his
family
in
summer.
夏天他习惯同家人去旅行。
be
accustomed
to
习惯于（比be
used
to正式）
become/get
accustomed
to（变得）习惯于
accustom
oneself
to
使某人习惯于，使某人养成……的习惯
accustom
vt.
使习惯于……，使适应……（常与to连用）
（1）人们需要提高自己的技能来习惯市场的变化。
People
need
to
improve
their
skills
to
______
______
______
market
changes.
（2）她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。
Her
eyes
quickly
______
______
______
the
dark.
（3）我习惯早起进行晨练。
I
______
______
______
______
______
early
to
do
morning
exercises.
答案：（1）get/become
accustomed
to （2）became/got
accustomed
to （3）am
accustomed
to
getting
up
2．Millions
of
people
watched
that
first
moon
landing
on
television，their
hearts
in
their
mouths，aware
of
how
difficult
and
dangerous
an
adventure
it
was，and
what
risks
had
to
be
taken.（P58）
数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心都提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。
their
hearts
in
their
mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词＋非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语，其中名词或代词作为结构的逻辑主语，非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语作为结构的逻辑谓语，这种结构有自己的逻辑主语，且其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，故通常被称为独立主格结构。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。它的位置相当灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子其他部分分开。
He
lay
at
full
length
upon
his
stomach，his
head
resting
upon
his
left
forearm.（名词＋非谓语动词）
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头靠着左前臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
The
experiment
done，the
students
went
on
to
take
notes
in
the
experiment
report.（名词＋非谓语动词）
实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。
The
last
guest
to
arrive，our
party
was
started.（名词＋非谓语动词）
最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会就开始了。
Hands
red
with
the
cold，they
were
sweeping
the
snow
outdoors.（名词＋形容词）
他们在户外扫雪，两手冻得通红。
（1）英语老师手里拿一本书走进教室。
______
______
______，the
English
teacher
walked
into
the
classroom.
答案：Book
in
hand
（2）下课了，学生们都到操场上去玩耍。
______
______，all
the
students
went
to
play
on
the
playground.
答案：Class
over
（3）Bats
are
surprisingly
long lived
creatures，some
______
a
life
span
of
around
20
years.
A．having
B．had
C．have
D．to
have
答案：A
提示：考查独立主格结构。句意：令人吃惊的是，蝙蝠是寿命很长的生物，有些能生存约20年。由于题干中逗号后的分句前没有连词，故应该用非谓语动词，所以首先排除B、C两项，然后分析该短语结构的逻辑关系，some与非谓语动词之间存在主谓关系，所以选A项。
（4）The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden，weather
______.
A．permitting
B．to
permit
C．permitted
D．permit
答案：A
提示：考查非谓语动词。由于逗号前后没有关联词，所以只能用非谓语形式，根据weather和permit的逻辑关系判断应选用现在分词形式构成独立主格结构，表示“天气允许的话”。
3．But
this
was
going
to
be
a
special
flight
and
so
millions
of
people
tuned
in
to
witness
the
take off
on
TV.（P58）
但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。
witness
v.
目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 n.
证人，证据，目击者
Police
have
appealed
for
anyone
who
witnessed
the
incident
to
contact
them.
警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
Across
Asia
many
people
have
just
witnessed
the
natural
wonder
—
a
total
solar
eclipse.
在亚洲各地，许多人刚刚亲眼看见了自然奇观——日全食。
be
a
witness
to
sth.成为……的证据
give
witness
to
sth.为……提供证据
call...to
witness传……做见证
辨析：witness，see，look，watch与notice
witness指某事物能够提供证据。
see强调“看到”的结果。
look强调“看”的动作。
watch观看，指集中注意力观看。
notice注意到。
（1）完成句子
①Can
you
______（看到）the
evidence
of
the
volcano
from
the
stone
②______（看）！There
is
a
rare
old
vase
in
the
hole.
③I
have
______（观察）the
volcano
burning
for
more
than
three
hours.
④He
______（注意到）that
a
river
of
liquid
rock
was
coming
towards
him.
⑤This
old
classroom
has
______（见证）many
geniuses.
答案：①see ②Look ③watched ④noticed
⑤witnessed
（2）—Did
you
______
his
wisdom
in
the
debate
—I
watched
it
on
television.
A．experience
B．witness
C．get
D．doubt
答案：B
提示：句意：——你亲眼目睹过他在辩论中表现出的智慧吗？——我是在电视上看到的。witness“目击，亲眼看见”。experience“经历”；get“得到”；doubt“怀疑”。
4．The
world
was
in
shock—maybe
they
assumed
this
space
flight
would
be
no
more
dangerous
than
getting
on
an
aeroplane.（P58）
全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。
assume
v.
假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现
It
is
reasonable
to
assume
the
economy
will
continue
to
improve
in
China.
认为在中国经济将继续好转是有道理的。
Assuming
that
the
proposal
is
accepted，when
are
we
going
to
get
the
money
假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
It
is/seems
reasonable
to
assume（that）．..
有理由认为……
assume
responsibility
承担责任
assume
control
of
取得对……的控制权
assumed
adj.
假装的；假定的
assumed
name
化名
assumption
n.
设想，假定；承担
make
an
assumption
假定
（1）单句改错
①Let
us
to
assume
that
our
study
plan
will
succeed.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉to
②His
parents
were
assumed
that
he
went
to
school
after
meals
every
day
but
he
went
to
the
supermarket.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉were
（2）许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
A
lot
of
people
______
______
poverty
only
exists
in
the
Third
World.
答案：assume
that
（3）新的官员必须为人民承担新的职责。
The
new
officials
must
______
______
______
______
______
the
people.
答案：assume
the
new
duties
for
（4）______
______
______
______（据猜想）the
style
came
from
the
artist's
Italian
background.
答案：It
was
assumed
that
5．In
spite
of
all
our
advanced
technology，the
world
is
still
only
at
the
very
beginning
of
its
voyage
into
space.（P59）
即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。
1）in
spite
of
不管
In
spite
of
the
aftershocks，Mr.Wang
rushed
into
the
dangerous
building
to
look
for
the
sick
pupils.
尽管还有余震，王老师仍然冲进危楼里去寻找生病的学生。
In
spite
of
his
advanced
age，he
still
leads
an
active
life.
尽管年事已高，他仍过着一种积极的生活。
in
spite
of是介词词组，后常跟名词，相当于介词despite（较正式），在句子中引起让步状语，相当于although引导的让步状语从句。
辨析：in
spite
of/though
in
spite
of
介词短语，表示“不管”，其引导的短语作让步状语
等同于despite
though
连词，表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句
也可作副词，表示“然而，可是，不过”
2）advanced
adj.
高级的，先进的
There
were
only
three
of
us
on
the
advanced
course.
只有我们三人学高级课程。
advance
n.
前进，提前，预付
v.
前进，提前，预付，提出（建议、看法等）
adj.
提前的，预先的
make
an
advance
取得进展
in
advance
提前；预先
advance
on/towards
sb.
前进
in
advance
of
预先，事前
3）at
the
very
beginning
of
在……一开始的时候
在该短语中very表示“恰巧，正好”，起加强语气的作用。
They
showed
their
courage
at
the
very
beginning
of
the
fight.
在战斗一开始，他们就表现出了自己的勇气。
You
are
still
at
the
very
beginning
of
learning
English.
你们还处在学英语的初始阶段。
in
the
beginning
一开始，起初
in
the
end
最后，终于
at
the
very
end
of...
就在……结束时
（1）选词填空（in
spite
of和though）
①____________
his
advanced
age，he
is
learning
to
drive.
②I
don't
know
him
well
__________
I've
known
him
for
a
long
time.
答案：①In
spite
of ②though
（2）English
became
the
official
language
for
business
______the
fact
that
the
population
was
largely
Chinese
in
that
area.
A．on
behalf
of
B．in
case
of
C．in
spite
of
D．as
a
result
of
答案：C
提示：on
behalf
of“代表”；in
case
of“以防”；in
spite
of
“尽管，不管”；as
a
result
of“由于”。结合句意，可知答案应为C项。
（3）______this
century，the
developed
countries
should
help
the
developing
countries
in
economy
and
medicine.
A．In
the
begin
of
B．In
the
need
of
C．At
the
very
beginning
of
D．By
the
beginning
of
答案：C
提示：句意：就在本世纪初，发达国家应该在经济和医学方面帮助发展中国家。at
the
very
beginning
of
“在……一开始的时候”，符合句意。
（4）It
happens
that
he
is
expert
at
______
mathematics，so
you
can
ask
him
for
advice.
A．advancing
B．advance
C．advanced
D．being
advanced
答案：C
提示：advanced
mathematics“高等数学”。Module
5 The
Conquest
of
the
Universe
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
Read
Cultural
Corner
and
finish
the
exercises.
1．
2．Read
the
text
and
choose
the
best
summary.
A．The
passage
is
about
a
science
fiction
story
with
the
name
The
War
of
the
Worlds.
B．The
passage
tells
the
war
which
happened
in
the
New
Jersey
town
of
Grover's
Mill.
C．The
passage
describes
a
radio
drama
and
its
impact
upon
people
in
Grover's
Mill
and
other
places.
答案：1．（1）1 （2）the
introduction （3）2～4 （4）the
impact （5）5～6 （6）The
War
of
the
Worlds
2．C
1．Star
Wars
is
a
series
of
science
fantasy
films.（P67）
《星球大战》是一系列的科幻电影。
a
series
of
一系列；一连串
There's
been
a
whole
series
of
accidents
on
this
stretch
of
road
recently.
近来在这一路段发生了一连串事故。
series既是单数又是复数形式。表“一套”的单数意思时，谓语动词用单数，即使series紧接of和复数名词时也如此；当它有“多套”的复数意思时，谓语动词用复数。
A
series
of
lectures
is
scheduled.
一系列演讲已安排好了。
Two
series
of
lectures
are
scheduled：one
for
teachers
and
one
for
students.
两套演讲已安排好了：一套为教师，一套为学生。
单句改错
（1）The
incident
resulted
in
series
of
events
that
nobody
had
foreseen.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：series前加a
（2）Two
series
of
books
is
ordered，one
for
teachers
and
the
other
for
students.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：is→are
2．It
is
now
acknowledged
by
the
movie
industry
as
the
most
successful
film
series
ever.（P67）
现在它被电影界公认为历史上最成功的电影系列片。
acknowledge
v.
承认，公认；对……表示感谢，告知收到（信件等）
She
is
acknowledged
as
the
best
tennis
player
in
the
world.
她被公认为是世界最佳网球选手。
He
acknowledges
that
when
he's
tired
he
gets
badtempered.
他承认他疲惫时脾气坏。
acknowledge
sb.
as
sth.
承认某人为某事物
acknowledge
sth.
因某事表示感谢
be
acknowledged
as/to
be
被公认为是……
（1）那人挥手对大众的欢呼表示感谢。
The
man
waved
his
hands
to
______
______
______
______
______
______.
答案：acknowledge
the
cheers
of
the
crowd
（2）学生们都承认学习英语的必要性。
Students
all
______
______
______
of
learning
English.
答案：acknowledge
the
need
（3）It
often
takes
a
long
time
for
some
high tech
companies
that
have
stumbled
to
fully
______
the
flaws
that
knocked
them
off
their
perch.
A．announce
B．acknowledge
C．declare
D．state
答案：B
提示：考查动词辨析。句意：一些跌跌撞撞的高科技公司通常用很长时间才完全承认使它们跌倒的那些缺陷。acknowledge“承认”，符合题意。announce“宣布”；declare“宣布”；state“陈述”。
3．He
accuses
Darth
Vader
of
killing
his
father，so
he
trains
to
become
a
Jedi
knight
and
swears
to
avenge
his
loss.（P67）
他指责达斯·维德杀害了他父亲，所以他接受训练成为一名杰迪骑士并发誓要报仇。
accuse
v.
指责；控告
Why
couldn't
he
even
accuse
her
他为什么连责骂她都不能呢？
He
accused
his
boss
of
having
broken
his
word.
他指责老板不守信用。
accuse
sb.
of（doing）sth.
指责某人做某事
be
accused
of（doing）sth.
被指责/指控做了某事
辨析：accuse和charge
accuse
vt.
指控，控告，指责，普通用词，正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用。被指控的情节可轻可重。accuse
sb.
of（doing）sth.指责某人做某事
charge
vt.
指控，常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。charge
sb.
with
sth.以某事指控某人；（尤指在法庭上）控告某人
（1）选词填空（accuse和charge）
①He
was
______
with
stealing.
②Smith
______
her
of
lying.
答案：①charged ②accused
（2）The
soldier
was
______
of
running
away
when
the
enemy
attacked.
A．accused
B．charged
C．proud
D．praised
答案：A
提示：be
accused
of“被指控”，相当于be
charged
with。be
proud
of“为……感到骄傲”；praise“表扬”。
（3）单词拼写
①She
______（指责）her
husband
of
lying，so
she
ignored
him
for
a
day.
②Man
often______（归咎）nature
for
his
own
misfortune.
答案：①accused ②accuses
4．This
results
in
the
defeat
of
the
Jedi.
这导致了杰迪族的战败。（P67）
defeat
n.
失败，击败，挫败 vt.
战胜，打败
Know
the
enemy
and
know
yourself，and
you
can
fight
a
hundred
battles
with
no
danger
of
defeat.
知己知彼，百战百胜。
suffer
a
defeat
战败，失利
admit/accept
defeat
服输
defeat
sb.
by...
以……战胜/击败某人
辨析：defeat，beat，win，conquer和overcome
defeat
普通用词，多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手，以人作宾语。
beat
可与defeat换用。另外，还表示“击打；（心脏）跳动”。
win
为及物动词时，表示赢得比赛、奖牌等，以物作宾语，为不及物动词时，表示“获胜”。
conquer
表示“征服，克服，战胜”，侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。
overcome
多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难或不良习惯等。还可表示感情等压倒某人，使某人受不了。
（1）用方框中词的恰当形式完成句子
①We
______
the
enemy
in
one
battle.
②Their
team
has
______
the
game.
③Waves
______
against
the
cliffs.
④The
Normans
______
England
in
1066.
⑤He
______
injury
to
win
the
Olympic
gold
medal.
答案：①defeated ②won ③beat ④conquered ⑤overcame
（2）Tom
______
him
in
the
contest
and
______
the
prize.
A．defeated；beat
B．defeated；won
C．won；beat
D．won；defeated
答案：B
提示：win表示“赢得”时，宾语为事或物，但不能是人；defeat表示“打败，战胜”时，宾语只能是人；beat表示“击败”时，宾语只能是人。根据句意及句子结构可知应选B项。
5．Luke
escapes
the
latter's
grasp，as
well
as
the
Emperor's
attempt
to
turn
him
to
the
Dark
Side.（P67）
卢克逃脱了后者的控制以及帝国皇帝想把他变成邪恶势力的企图。
grasp
n.
控制；抓；理解，领会 vt.
抓牢，急切地抓住（机会等）；领会，理解
She
is
in
the
grasp
of
a
wicked
man.
她受到一个恶人的控制。
The
small
boy
grasped
his
mother's
hand
firmly.
小男孩紧紧抓住了母亲的手。
I
think
I
have
grasped
the
main
points
of
the
speech.
我想我已经领会了演说的要点。
in
the
grasp
of
受……的控制
beyond
one's
grasp
不受……的控制；超出某人的能力
slip
from
one's
grasp
摆脱……的控制
grasp
an
opportunity
抓住机会
grasp
at
尽力抓住
have
a
good
grasp
of
sth.
深刻了解某事
within
one's
grasp
某人能力所及
（1）成功对他来说唾手可得。
Success
is
______
______
______.
答案：within
his
grasp
（2）Steve对欧洲的法律体系非常了解。
Steve
______
______
______
______
______
the
European
legal
system.
答案：has
a
good
grasp
of
（3）You
must
focus
on
what
the
teacher
explains
in
the
class.Or
you
will
not
be
able
to
______
the
main
points
of
the
knowledge.
A．treat
B．master
C．grasp
D．read
答案：C
提示：句意：课堂上你必须集中精力听老师解释。否则，你将不能理解知识要点。grasp“理解，领会”，符合题意。treat“对待”；master“精通”；read“读”。
6．This
is
consistent
with
many
religious
faiths，which
stress
rational
thought，personal
dignity
and
a
devotion
to
praying
for
holy
understanding...
这与许多宗教信仰是一致的，即强调理性思考、个人尊严以及专注于祈求上帝的理解……（P67）
consistent
adj.
一致的；吻合的
The
statement
is
not
consistent
with
the
given
instructions.
这个说法与所给的操作指示不一致。
There
are
no
consistent
ways
sometimes
in
teaching
English
in
a
middle
school.
在中学英语教学中，有时候，教无定法。
be
consistent
with
与……一致
consist
in
在于，决定于
consist
of
由……组成，由……构成
consist
v.
组成，在于
consist
with
与……一致
（1）He
______
______（始终如一）in
his
opposition
to
anything
old.
（2）威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑的风格。
The
beauty
of
Venice
______
____________
the
style
of
its
ancient
buildings.
（3）你应该言行一致。
What
you
did
should
______
______
______
what
you
said.
答案：（1）remained
consistent （2）consists
largely
in （3）be
consistent
with
7．...similar
to
ObiWan
and
Yoda
who
Luke，as
their
scholar，consults
for
their
teaching
and
advice.（P67）
……类似于奥比旺和犹达，卢克作为这两人的学生向他们请求指导和意见。
1）be
similar
to
类似于，与……相似
My
opinions
on
the
matter
are
similar
to
Kay's.
我对这件事的见解和凯差不多。
be
similar
in
在……方面相似
have
similar...in...
在……方面有相似的……
similarity
n.
类似，相似
similarly
adv.
相似地
2）consult
v.
咨询；请教
Burris
says
he
will
consult
his
lawyers
on
his
next
course
of
action.
波利斯说他将就下一步行动请教他的律师。
You
had
better
consult
a
doctor
soon.
你最好快点去看医生。
I
consulted
George
about
buying
a
car.
我向乔治请教购买小汽车的事。
He
consulted
his
notebook
repeatedly
during
his
speech.
他演讲时不断地看他的笔记本。
consult
sb.
for
advice
请教某人的建议
consult
sb.
on/about
sth.
就某事向某人请教/咨询
consult
a
doctor＝see
a
doctor
看医生
consult
a
dictionary
查字典
consult（with）sb.
about
sth.
就某事与某人商量/磋商
（1）我的包的颜色和你的一样。
My
bag
______
______
______
yours
______
colour.
（2）虽然对新环境不是很熟悉，但是他发现这儿跟他原来住的地方在某些方面有相似之处。
Though
the
new
neighborhood
______
______
______
______
him，he
found
it
______
______
______
his
old
one
in
some
points.
（3）我和我的一位朋友商量那件事。
I
______
______
a
friend
of
mine
______
it.
（4）我们迷了路，就查看地图。
We
lost
our
way
and
______
______
______.
答案：（1）is
similar
to；in （2）was
not
familiar
to；was
similar
to （3）consulted
with；about （4）consulted
the
map
8．But
when，in
1938，the
American
actor
and
director，Orson
Welles
set
a
radio
drama
of
The
War
of
the
Worlds
in
the
real
life
New
Jersey
town
of
Grover's
Mill，little
did
he
know
what
impact
he
was
going
to
make.（P69）
但是1938年当美国演员兼导演奥森·韦尔斯以新泽西镇的格罗弗磨坊镇真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。
1）little
did
he
know...的语序为倒装语序。当表示否定的词或短语置于句首，如：little，never，not，seldom，hardly，at
no
time，in
no
case，by
no
means等，句子要部分倒装，将助动词提到主语之前。
Never
have
I
found
him
in
such
a
good
mood.
我从未发现他有如此好的心情。
At
no
time
will
China
be
the
first
to
use
nuclear
weapons.
中国决不首先使用核武器。
Hardly
had
she
gone
out
when
a
student
came
to
visit
her.
她刚出去，就有一个学生来看她。
2）impact
n.
影响，作用
The
full
impact
of
the
news
hit
us
several
days
later.
那消息对我们造成的影响几天后才完全显现。
make
a
notable
impact
on
对……产生显著影响
have
a
great
impact
on
对……有很大影响/作用
have
an
effect/influence
on
对……有影响
make
a
difference
to
对……有影响
（1）The
headmaster
will
not
permit
the
change
in
the
course，nor
______
it
a
thought.
A．does
he
even
give
B．he
even
gives
C．will
he
even
give
D．he
will
even
give
答案：C
提示：考查倒装句。nor
“也不”，表示否定的词位于句首，句子用部分倒装，故排除B、D两项；根据前后时态一致原则，排除A项。句意：校长不会允许课程的改变，他甚至不会给予考虑。故选C项。
（2）______，but
they
make
mistakes
as
part
of
their
everyday
behavior.
A．Not
only
humans
make
mistakes
B．Not
only
do
humans
make
mistakes
C．Only
humans
make
mistakes
D．Only
do
humans
make
mistakes
答案：B
提示：考查倒装句。句意：人们不仅犯错误，还将错误作为日常行为的一部分。表示否定意义的词not
only等置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。
（3）Darwin's
Origin
of
Species，probably
ranking
second
only
to
the
Bible，has
______
on
Western
thought.
A．taken
immediate
action
B．had
a
great
impact
C．left
a
deep
impression
D．produced
lots
of
pressure
答案：B
提示：考查短语辨析。句意：达尔文的《物种起源》，可能仅次于《圣经》，对西方思想有重大影响。have
a
great
impact“有非常大的影响”，符合题意。take
immediate
action
“立即采取行动”；leave
a
deep
impression“留下深刻印象”；produce
lots
of
pressure“造成很大压力”。Module
5 The
Conquest
of
the
Universe
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
名词性从句
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，可作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须使用陈述语序，即“主语＋谓语”的语序。
一、主语从句、宾语从句与表语从句
从句
定义
句型
例句
主语从句
在句子中起到主语作用的从句，叫主语从句。
It＋be＋形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）＋that
从句。
It
is
certain
that
she
will
do
well
in
her
exam.她将会在考试中取得好成绩是毋庸置疑的。
It＋be＋名词词组（no
wonder，an
honour，a
good
thing，a
pity，no
surprise，etc.）＋that
从句。
It's
no
surprise
that
our
team
should
have
won
the
game.我们球队应该赢得比赛，这一点没什么可奇怪的。
It＋be＋过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）＋that从句。
It
is
said
that
Mr.Green
has
arrived
in
Beijing.据说格林先生已经到达北京了。
宾语从句
在句子中起到宾语作用的从句，叫宾语从句。
常见的可以接从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider
等。
I've
begun
to
consider
what
to
do
next.我已经开始考虑下一步做什么了。
某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied
等，连词that
可省略。
I'm
afraid
you
can't
take
the
book
away.恐怕你不能拿走这本书。
表语从句
在句子中起到表语作用的从句，叫表语从句。
where，why，because，how等词引导的从句常作This
is
或That
is
的表语，表示地点、原因、方式等。
This
is
where
he
worked
ten
years
ago.这就是他十年前工作的地方。
表语从句
在句子中起到表语作用的从句，叫表语从句
主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，而不用because。
The
reason
for
his
absence
is
that
he
was
ill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。
what常引导表语从句。
The
girl
is
not
what
she
was
ten
years
ago.这个女孩已经不是十年前的她了。
as，as
if
有时引导表语从句。
Things
were
not
as
they
seemed
to
be.事情不像它们看上去的那样。
二、同位语从句
同位语从句是复合句的重要内容，也是高考考点之一。
在主从复合句中，作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。
引导词
从句特点
例 句
分 析
that
同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。
The
news
that
they
had
won
the
game
soon
spread
over
the
whole
school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
they
had
won
the
game说明The
news的全部内容，因此用that引导同位语从句。
whether
如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。
They
are
discussing
the
problem
whether
the
shuttle
will
take
off
on
time
in
such
weather.他们正在讨论在这样的天气里航天飞机是否会如期起飞。
the
shuttle
will
take
off
on
time
in
such
weather意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the
problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
when
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”的含义，应该用when引导同位语从句。
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
be
back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
he
will
be
back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
where
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么地点”的含义，应该用where引导同位语从句。
His
professor
gave
him
the
suggestion
where
he
should
look
for
a
stable
job.教授对他应该在哪儿找到一个安稳的工作提出建议。
he
should
look
for
a
stable
job意义不完整，应加“在什么地方”的含义才能表达suggestion的全部内容，因此应该用where引导同位语从句。
how
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么方式”的含义，应该用how引导同位语从句。
I
still
have
a
deep
impression
how
he
gave
me
relief
when
I
was
sad.在我悲伤的时候他是怎样宽慰我的，我仍然有很深的印象。
he
gave
me
relief
when
I
was
sad意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应该用how引导同位语从句。
why
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“为什么”的含义，应该用why引导同位语从句。
Do
you
have
an
idea
why
he
hasn't
been
accepted
by
Qingdao
University？你知道他为什么没有被青岛大学录取吗？
加why和Do
you
have
an
idea连用，才能表达完整的意思。
who
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“谁”的含义，应该用who引导同位语从句。
The
question
who
should
do
the
work
requires
consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
加who，从句中才有主语，句子的意义才完整。
which
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“哪一个”的含义，应该用which引导同位语从句。
Zhang
Huiying
hasn't
solved
the
problem
which
university
she
should
prefer.张惠颖还没有解决好择校的问题。
which在同位语从句中作定语，表示选择关系。
what
同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么”的含义，应该用what引导同位语从句。
The
General
gave
the
order
what
the
soldiers
should
carry
across
the
river
at
once.将军立即下达了战士们应带着什么过河的命令。
the
soldiers
should
carry
across
the
river
不是the
order的全部内容，且意义不完整，因此应用what引导同位语从句。
虚拟语气
一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should＋动词原形表示，should可省略。
This
is
our
only
request
that
this（should）be
settled
tomorrow.这就是我们唯一的请求：明天解决这个问题。
that
this（should）be
settled
tomorrow是request的内容，表示要求的内容。
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句
同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且同位语从句的引导词that不在从句中作成分。
The
news
that
he
will
leave
for
Shanghai
is
true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
that只起连接从句的作用，无具体词义，所以，此句是同位语从句。that不可省略。
定语从句
定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且定语从句的引导词that在从句中作成分。
The
factory（that）we
visited
yesterday
is
a
chemical
one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
that在从句中作宾语，所以此句是定语从句。that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时可以省略。
（1）As
many
as
five
courses
are
provided，and
you
are
free
to
choose
______
suits
you
best.
A．whatever
B．whichever
C．whenever
D．wherever
答案：B
提示：句意：提供的课程多达五种，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门课程。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语，且根据句意可知选B项。whatever“无论什么”；whichever“无论哪一个”；whenever“无论何时”；wherever“无论何处”。
（2）Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
______
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.
A．why
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案：C
提示：句意：杰瑞不后悔作出评论，但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中起连接作用，且不需要什么意义，所以选C项。
（3）It
suddenly
occurred
to
him
______
he
had
left
his
keys
in
the
office.
A．whether
B．where
C．which
D．that
答案：D
提示：句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室里了。句首的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that引导主语从句在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。
（4）Everyone
in
the
village
is
very
friendly.It
doesn't
matter______
you
have
lived
there
for
a
short
or
a
long
time.
A．why
B．how
C．whether
D．when
答案：C
提示：分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，真正的主语是其后面的从句。句意：村里的每个人都很友善，你在此居住的时间长短没有关系。根据句意以及从句中最后的or
a
long
time可知，此处C项正确。
（5）Evidence
has
been
found
through
years
of
study
______
children's
early
sleeping
problems
are
likely
to
continue
when
they
grow
up.
A．why
B．how
C．whether
D．that
答案：D
提示：
“______children's
early...grow
up”在题中作evidence的同位语，解释evidence的内容，为同位语从句，且为陈述句，应用that来引导。句意：几年的研究表明，孩子早期的睡眠问题很可能在他们长大之后继续存在。故选D项。
（6）The
limits
of
a
person's
intelligence，generally
speaking，are
fixed
at
birth，but
______
he
reaches
these
limits
will
depend
on
his
environment.
A．where
B．whether
C．that
D．why
答案：B
提示：句意：一般来说，一个人的智力极限在出生时就确定了，但是能否达到这些极限却依赖后天的环境。where和why引导名词性从句时，在从句中分别作地点状语和原因状语；that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无词义；whether引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”。故只有B项符合题意。
（7）It
is
by
no
means
clear______the
president
can
do
to
end
the
strike.
A．how
B．which
C．that
D．what
答案：D
提示：分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，代替的是后面的主语从句，在主语从句中，及物动词do需要宾语，所以应选用连接代词what引导该从句。句意：总统能做点儿什么来结束这场罢工根本不清楚。
（8）It
doesn't
matter
______
you
pay
by
cash
or
credit
card
in
this
store.
A．how
B．whether
C．what
D．why
答案：B
提示：句意：在这家商店用现金或信用卡支付都是可以的。根据句中的or可以看出是两者，表示“或者”，构成whether...or...的形式。在此句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是whether
you
pay
by
cash
or
credit
card
in
this
store。故选B项。
（9）We
promise
______
attends
the
party
a
chance
to
have
a
photo
taken
with
the
movie
star.
A．who
B．whom
C．whoever
D．whomever
答案：C
提示：由于空前没有名词或代词作先行词，所以此处不是考查定语从句，排除引导词who,
whom；由空后的谓语动词attends可知此处应该用主格的whoever，排除whomever；whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故选C项。Module
5 The
Conquest
of
the
Universe
Section
Ⅳ Writing
一、佳作展示与背诵2010年10月1日中国在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射了“嫦娥二号”探月卫星，标志着中国的科技达到了较高水平。请根据下面提供的信息，写一篇120词左右的新闻报道。
1．“嫦娥二号”探月卫星是中国第二颗探月卫星。它的成功发射表明中国三步走的探月计划的第二阶段的开始。2．“嫦娥二号”预计112小时后到达距月球表面100公里的月球轨道，拍摄更清晰的月球照片，搜集更详细的月球表面数据，为在月球上软着陆和进一步探索太空奠定了基础。
3．中国的探月卫星以传说中的月亮女神——嫦娥而命名。2007年10月发射的第一颗探月卫星——嫦娥一号是中国太空探索的里程碑。
参考词汇：
嫦娥2号Chang'e 2
lunar
probe；Chang'e 2
lunar
satellite
西昌卫星发射中心
Xichang
Satellite
Launch
Center
三步走的探月计划
a
three step
moon
mission软着陆
soft landing 月球轨道
lunar
orbit 月亮女神
goddess
of
moon
参考范文：
China
launched
its
second
unmanned
lunar
probe，Chang'e 2
on
Oct.1,2010，at
the
Xichang
Satellite
Launch
Center，showing
that
the
development
of
science
and
technology
in
China
has
reached
a
high
level．The
success
of
Chang'e 2
marks
the
beginning
of
the
second
step
of
a
three step
moon
mission.
Chang'e 2
is
expected
to
take
about
112
hours
to
arrive
at
its
lunar
orbit，which
is
100
kilometers
above
the
moon．Chang'e 2
will
capture
much
clearer
pictures
of
the
moon
and
collect
more
detailed
lunar
surface
data.It
will
lay
foundation
for
the
soft landing
on
the
moon
and
further
exploration
of
outer
space.Chinese
lunar
probes
are
named
after
Chang'e，a
legendary
Chinese
goddess
of
moon．China
launched
its
first
lunar
probe，Chang'e 1，in
October
2007，marking
a
milestone
in
the
country's
space
exploration.二、思路点拨
1．本文为新闻报道，所以在文章的第一段要开门见山地交代本文的主题（topic），然后按照题目要求中内容要点的顺序展开叙述。
2．内容要点要齐全，叙述要点时要条理清晰，富有逻辑性。
3．人称以第三人称为主，时态以过去时和将来时为主。
英文新闻报道应注意
1）大体上，新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。用醒目的文字简明扼要地向读者揭示新闻的主要内容。
导语（lead
or
introduction）：通常为文章的第一段或第一、二段。提供主要话题和最主要的事实。
正文（body）：引入更多的与主题相关的事实、背景材料等。
2）新闻报道通常要客观地报道事实，用事实来说话，一般不涉及作者的个人观点。
三、经典句式
1．China
launched
its
second
unmanned
lunar
probe，Chang'e 2
on
Oct.1,2010，at
the
Xichang
Satellite
Launch
Center，showing
that
the
development
of
science
and
technology
in
China
has
reached
a
high
level.
2．Chang'e 2
is
expected
to
take
about
112
hours
to
arrive
at
its
lunar
orbit，which
is
100
kilometers
above
the
moon.
3．China
launched
its
first
lunar
probe，Chang'e 1，in
October
2007，marking
a
milestone
in
the
country's
space
exploration.
