Unit
1 Laughter
is
good
for
you
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
一、佳作展示与背诵
假设你是任静，你的网友John即将外出旅行，请你根据以下提示，用英语给他写封电子邮件，向他介绍你对旅游的看法并提醒他旅行注意事项。1．旅游是一种非常好的活动。当你累了或有空的时候，到外地走走。欣赏美景，呼吸新鲜空气，交朋友，放松身心，忘记疲劳，有益健康。
2．旅行前的准备。了解天气，带好衣服、相机、常用药品等。
3．旅行时注意饮食卫生和安全，防止小偷。要求：1．行文连贯，不得逐句翻译；2．词数：150左右。
范文展示：
Dear
John，
I
am
glad
to
hear
that
you
are
going
to
travel.Now
I'd
like
to
share
my
view
on
traveling
with
you.In
my
opinion，traveling
is
a
very
good
activity.When
you
get
tired
with
your
work
or
study
and
when
you
have
free
time，you
can
go
out
to
enjoy
the
beauty
of
nature.You
can
breathe
the
fresh
air，meet
different
people
and
make
friends
with
them.Only
by
relaxing
yourself
will
you
forget
your
tiredness
and
build
your
health.
In
order
to
have
a
pleasant
journey，you
need
to
make
full
preparations
ahead
of
time.You'd
better
have
clear
information
about
the
weather，and
bring
proper
clothes，a
camera，some
medicine
for
common
injuries
or
diseases
and
so
on.On
your
journey，you
must
pay
attention
to
what
you
eat.Be_careful_with_everything_everywhere_in_case_your_money_gets_stolen.
Do
you
agree
with
me？Wish
you
a
good
journey.
Yours，
Ren
Jing
二、思路点拨
这是一封关于旅游的电子邮件，首先介绍对旅游的看法，然后提醒对方注意一些相关事项。与生活联系密切，学生有话可说。
三、经典句式
（1）Only
by
relaxing
yourself
will
you
forget
your
tiredness
and
build
your
health.
本句为only引导的部分倒装。在写作中非常普通。
（2）Be
careful
with
everything
everywhere
in
case
your
money
gets
stolen.
本句为主从复从句，in
case引导条件状语从句。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
1 Laughter
is
good
for
you
Section
Ⅱ Grammar
导学互动
1．First
of
all，laughing
out
loud
helps
improve
your
general
fitness.（Page
9）
首先，大声地笑出来有助于你的身体健康。
fitness
n.健壮，健康；适合
They're
doing
exercise
to
improve
their
fitness.
他们正在为增强体质而做运动。
Her
fitness
for
the
job
should
not
be
questioned.
她能胜任这项工作是毋庸置疑的。
联想拓展
fit
adj.适合的，适当的；健康的；
vt.
使……适合
He
is
well
fit
for
the
job.他非常适合这份工作。
Exercise
can
keep
me
fit.锻炼可以使我健康。
This
coat
fits
me
well.这件大衣非常合我身。词汇辨析
fit，suit和match的区别：
fit指大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。作为使动词后面常接介词for。
This
new
jacket
fits
her
well.这件新夹克很合她的身。
His
experience
fits
him
for
the
job.
他的经验使他很适合从事这份工作。
suit指合乎需要、口味、条件、地位，以及花色、款式等与某人的皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称。作为使动词后面常接介词to。
That
colour
suits
you
best.那个颜色最配你。
Her
speech
was
well
suited
to
the
occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
match多指大小、色调、形式、性质等的搭配。The
colour
of
the
shirt
does
not
match
that
of
the
tie.
衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
单项选择
—How
about
eight
o'clock
outside
the
cinema
—That
______
me
fine.
A．fits
B．meets
C．matches
D．suits
答案：D 解析：fit“（大小、形状）合适”；meet“满足；会见，遇见”；match“相配，搭配”，suit“（条件、需要、款式等）适合”。根据题意可知D项符合要求。
2．This
is
because
laughter
strengthens
the
heart
and
the
lungs.（Page
9）
这是因为大笑能增强心脏和肺部的功能。
strengthen
vt.&
vi.增强；巩固
The
soldiers
strengthened
their
defence.
士兵们加强了他们的防御工作。
He
has
been
brought
in
to
strengthen
the
defence.
已请他来加强后卫力量。
联想拓展
（1）strengthen是由strength＋ en构成的。有些词（尤其是形容词）后面加后缀 en可构成及物动词，意思是“使……”。类似的有：
blacken 使……变黑
broaden 使……加宽
deepen 使……加深
fasten 使……牢固，使……结实
harden 使……变硬，使……变坚固
thicken 使……变厚
（2）strength
n.力气，力量
build
up
one's
strength
增强某人的体质
gather
strength
力量逐渐增强，身体逐渐恢复
go
from
strength
to
strength
不断壮大
with
all
one's
strength
尽力
词汇辨析
energy，power，force，strength的区别：
energy，power，force和strength均可表示“力”。但是用法却有区别，具体区别如下：energy意为“精力，活力，能量”，指人或动物所积蓄的内在或释放的活力，也指物理学上的能量。
You
are
always
full
of
energy.你总是精力充沛。
The
work
took
me
a
lot
of
energy.
这项工作花费了我很多精力。
power意为“力，力量”。它是力的总称，指各种力，如电力、动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量，能力，权力或势力等。当指人具有的力气时，与strength同义。
The
man
has
a
strong
desire
for
power.
那位男士强烈渴望拥有权力。
force主要指外力，是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。
The
old
man
pulled
the
wagon
with
all
his
force.
老人用尽全力拉货车。
strength意为“力气，力量”，常指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力，有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力，是不可数名词。
These
two
boys
are
equal
in
strength.
这两个男孩力气相当。
用power，strength，force与energy填空
（1）Only
man
of
all
the
animals
has
the
______
to
think.
答案：power
（2）They
had
to
use
______
to
get
into
the
house.
答案：force
（3）Having
no
physical
______，I
could
hardly
move
a
step
farther.
答案：strength
（4）The
______
of
nature
cannot
be
conquered.
答案：forces
（5）He
is
so
full
of
______
that
he
can't
keep
still.
答案：energy
单项选择
（6）I'm
sorry
it's
beyond
my
______
to
make
a
final
decision
on
the
subject.
A．strength B．power
C．force
D．energy
答案：B 解析：句意为：“非常抱歉，关于这个项目，我无权做最后决定。”be
beyond
one's
power
to
do
sth.“某人无权做某事”。
（7）Bill
was
doing
a
lot
of
physical
exercise
to
build
up
his
______.
A．ability B．force
C．strength D．mind答案：C 解析：build
up
one's
strength“增强力气”。3．As
you
laugh，the
muscles
participating
in
the
laugh
become
active.（Page
9）
当你笑的时候，那些参与笑的肌肉变得积极起来。
participate
vi.参加，参与 participation
n.参与，分享
Everyone
in
this
class
is
expected
to
participate
in
the
discussion.
期望全班的同学都参与讨论。
I
don't
want
to
participate
in
the
English
party.
我不想参加英语聚会。
联想拓展
participant
n.参与者
One
thousand
participants
from
Canada
and
the
United
States
competed
in
three
events.
来自于加拿大和美国的一千名选手在三个项目上比赛。
词汇辨析
attend，join，join
in，take
part
in，participate
in的区别：
这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。
attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。I
attended
the
meeting
last
Saturday.
我上周六参加了那次会议。
join普通用词，指加入党派、团体等。
My
grandfather
joined
the
army
in
1956.
我的爷爷是1956年参军的。
join
sb.in
doing
sth.加入到某人的行列中做某事。
take
part
in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
He
took
part
in
this
activity
last
time.
他上次参加了这项活动。
participate
in正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。
He
doesn't
want
to
participate
in
running
the
company.
他不想参与管理公司。
单项选择
（1）The
students
are
busy
making
preparations
for
the
lecture
because
they
will
______
the
competition.
A．attend
B．join
C．take
part
in
D．attend
to
答案：C 解析：根据宾语是“比赛”，可知应用take
part
in。attend指“参加会议或学术活动”；join“参加组织、党派”；attend
to
“照料；注意”。
（2）—Please
______
us
in
the
discussion.
—I'd
like
to，but
I'm
______busy
at
the
moment.
A．attend；too
B．join；much
too
C．take
part
in；much
too
D．join；too
much
答案：B 解析：join
sb.
in（doing）sth.“参加到某人正做的活动中”；much
too修饰形容词，而too
much修饰名词。
（3）The
teacher
is
not
easy going，and
he
never
______in
the
pupils'
games.
A．took
part
B．attended
C．participates
D．succeeds
答案：C 解析：take
part
in
和participate
in都指“参加某项活动”，但A项时态不对，根据时态一致原则，应用一般现在时。
4．Experts
say
that
the
positive
feelings
produced
by
laughter
not
only
make
us
happy
but
also
help
us
reduce
pain.（Page
9）
专家说通过笑产生的积极的感觉不但会使我们开心，而且会帮助我们减少痛苦。
positive
adj.积极的；正面的；肯定的；确信的
He
has
a
positive
attitude
towards
life.
他对生活持有积极的态度。
His
family
have
a
very
positive
influence
on
him.
他的家人对他有十分积极的影响。
He
was
positive
that
he
had
seen
it
in
the
newspaper.
他肯定他在报纸上看见过这件事。
联想拓展
反义词：negative
adj.
负面的，消极的；否定的；坏的，有害的
be
positive
确信，肯定……
完成句子
她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。
She
was
quite______
about
the
amount
of
money
involved.
5．...some
jokes
will
drive
away
your
negative
feelings
and
make
you
feel
much
better.（Page
9）
……有一些笑话会赶走负面的情绪从而使你感觉好多了。
drive
away驱赶；赶走；驱车离开；把（汽车）开走；开（或驾）车送走
The
police
drove
people
away
from
the
spot.
警察把人群赶离现场。
He
drove
away
in
a
car.他驾车走了。
He
drove
his
visitor
away.他开车送走了他的客人。
完成句子
（1）人们认为这种声音可以驱赶邪恶的灵魂。
People
thought
this
sound
could
help
to
______
______
evil
spirits.
答案：positive
（2）我看见他开车向着城里的方向去了。
I
saw
him
______
______
in
the
direction
of
the
town.
答案：drive
away
（3）有人夜里把车开走了。
Someone
______
______
the
car
in
the
night.
答案：drove
away
6．Practise
is
the
only
way
to
guarantee
a
successful
performance.（Page
9）
练习是保证成功表演的唯一途径。
guarantee
vt.&n.保证；担保
I
guarantee
that
you'll
enjoy
yourself.我保证你会玩得很高兴。
We
cannot
guarantee
the
punctual
arrival
of
trains
in
foggy
weather.
雾天我们不能保证火车准时到达。
The
TV
set
has
a
year's
guarantee.这台电视机保修一年。
单项选择
（1）—Mum，I
have
finished
my
homework.
—Oh，if
you
______
not
to
disturb
me，you
can
watch
TV.
A．offer B．support
C．guarantee D．want
答案：C 解析：guarantee
to
do/that...“保证做……”。
（2）Can
you
______
me
a
job
when
I
get
there？You
know，I
have
to
work
in
order
to
pay
for
my
schooling.
A．provide
B．guarantee
C．arrange
D．apply
答案：B 解析：guarantee
sb.
sth.表示“对某人保证某事”。句意为：“你能对我保证当我到那里时我能得到一份工作吗？……”provide
sb.
with
sth.“为某人提供某物”。
（3）Working
hard
is
not
only
a______
of
a
great
success，but
it
is
among
the
essential
requirements.
A．sign B．signal C．guarantee D．mark
答案：C 解析：句意为：“艰苦的工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是基本的要求之一。”guarantee可以用作名词，是“保证”的意思。
语法指南
非谓语动词（Ⅰ）
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
一、动词不定式的构成
形式
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
无
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
无
二、动词不定式的用法
1．作主语（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末）
To
help
each
other
is
good.相互帮助有好处。
It
is
not
easy
to
master
a
foreign
language.
学好一门外语不容易。
2．作宾语
She
wishes
to
be
a
musician.她希望成为一名音乐家。
He
offered
to
help
us.他提出要帮助我们。
She
wanted
to
borrow
my
book.
她想要借我的书。
能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有很多，常见的有want，like，wish，hate，prefer，hope，continue，manage，try，ask，offer，start，forget，remember，decide，agree，choose，learn，pretend，promise，mean，expect，desire等。
3．作表语
Our
plan
is
to
set
up
another
middle
school
for
the
peasants'
children.
我们的计划是给农民工子女再成立一所中学。
My
job
is
to
drive
them
to
the
power
station
every
day.
我的工作就是每天开车送他们去发电站。
What
I
should
do
is
to
finish
the
task
as
soon
as
possible.
我应该做的事就是尽快完成任务。
4．作定语
Is
this
the
best
way
to
help
him
这是最好的帮助他的方法吗？
She
was
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.
她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
注：不定式作定语，须放在被修饰的名词或代词后，不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，它后面应有必要的介词。
The
nurse
has
five
children
to
look
after.
那位护士要照看五个孩子。
如果被不定式修饰的名词为place，time，way时，不定式中的介词则可以省去。
The
old
man
is
looking
for
a
quiet
place
to
live.
那位老人正在寻找一个安静的地方住。
5．作状语（表目的，结果或原因）
He
went
home
to
see
his
parents.
他回家看望父母。（表目的）
不定式作结果状语，常用于下列搭配中：
（1）so/such...as
to
She
was
so
angry
as
to
be
unable
to
speak.
她气得说不出话来。
We
are
not
such
fools
as
to
believe
him.
我们不是那样愚蠢的人，不会相信他的。
（2）enough...to
The
book
is
easy
enough
for
me
to
read.
这本书很简单，我足以读懂。
（3）too...to...
The
math
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
work
out.
这道数学题太难了，我算不出来。
（4）only
to...表示未曾预料到的结果
I
went
to
see
him
only
to
find
him
out.
我去看他，不料他出去了。
6．作补语
We
advised
him
to
have
a
good
rest.我们劝他好好休息。
注：常带不定式作宾补的动词有ask，tell，invite，force，advise，get，beg，allow，help，want，wish，like，order，expect，encourage，hate，warn，permit等。
三、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是在不定式之前加上not或never等否定词。
Please
remember
not
to
leave
the
lights
on.
记住别忘了关灯。
四、“疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who，which，what，when，where，how，whether等后接不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，这个结构用作宾语时常用在tell，advise，show，teach，find
out，decide，learn，forget等词后。
No
one
could
tell
me
where
to
get
the
book.
没有人能告诉我在哪儿能找到这本书。
When
to
start
has
not
been
decided.
何时开始还未决定。
五、动词不定式符号to的省略
1．在make，let，see，watch，hear，notice，feel，have，listen
to，look
at等词后，不定式作宾语补足语时可省略不定式符号to。
I
once
heard
you
play
the
piano.
我曾经听过你弹钢琴。
2．在“Why
not...？”表示建议的句型中。
Why
not
join
us
为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
3．在had
better，would
rather，can't
but，do
nothing
but等结构后。
He
can't
but
agree.他不得不同意。
4．“Will
you
please...？”表示命令或邀请的句型中。
Will
you
please
bring
me
some
chicken
请给我带些鸡肉来好吗？
5．不定式在介词except，but之后，如果其前有do的任何形式，不定式一般不带to，反之则须带to。
There
is
nothing
to
do
but
wait.
除了等待没有别的事可做。
There
is
no
choice
but
to
wait.除了等待别无选择。
六、动词不定式符号to的保留
1．当前文已经说明不定式的动作，后文中的不定式常可省略动词，只留下to。常见的动词有like，love，care，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse，try等。
—Will
you
join
us
in
the
discussion
你愿意和我们一起讨论吗？
—I'll
be
glad
to.我愿意。
2．当不定式用于下列结构：be
able
to，be
going
to，have
to，ought
to，used
to时，可省略动词，只保留to。
I
don't
want
to
wait
for
him
but
I
have
to.
我不想等他，却不得不这么做。
3．当被省略的不定式的内容是作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形have或be。
He
didn't
come，but
he
ought
to
have.
他应该来，却没有来。
Jane
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.简和以前不一样了。
动名词
动词 ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词，可以在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语。本单元主要讲动名词。
一、动名词的形式
动名词有一般式和完成式。及物动词的动名词还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的动名词则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make
和不及物动词go为例，将其动名词的各种形式列表如下：
二、动名词的复合结构
动名词也可以有逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。如：
名词所有格或形容词性物主代词＋doing（可以用作主语或宾语）
宾格的人称代词＋doing（只能用作宾语，不能用作主语）
His
leaving
is
a
great
loss.他的离去是一个很大的损失。
Mother
disliked
my（me）working
late.
母亲不喜欢我工作到很晚。
三、动名词的基本用法
1．作主语
Seeing
is
believing
眼见为实。
Talking
is
easier
than
doing.说起来容易，做起来难。
动名词作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动名词后置，如：
It
isn't
much
good
writing
to
them
again.
再给他们写信也没什么好处。
It's
no
use
waiting
here.在这里等待没有用。
2．作表语
Her
job
is
washing
and
cooking.她的工作是洗衣、做饭。
My
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.我的爱好是集邮。
3．作宾语
①作及物动词的宾语。
She
likes
drawing
very
much.她很喜欢绘画。
②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary
is
thinking
of
going
back
to
New
York.
玛丽正在考虑回到纽约。
③do＋限定词（my，some，any，the等）＋动名词，表示“做……事”。
We
often
do
our
cleaning
on
Saturday
afternoon.
我们常常在星期六下午打扫卫生。
Will
you
do
any
shopping
on
Saturday
afternoon
你星期六下午去购物吗？
④作介词的宾语。
Her
sister
is
good
at
learning
physics.
她姐姐擅长学习物理。
⑤作形容词worth，busy等的宾语。
This
book
is
well
worth
reading.这本书很值得一读。
动名词作宾语，且带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的动名词后置，如：
We
found
it
no
good
talking
like
that.
我们发现那样说话没有好处。
Do
you
think
it
necessary
trying
again
你认为有必要再试一试吗？
4．作定语
The
sleeping
bag
is
very
useful.这个睡袋很有用。
动名词作定语用时，表示被修饰名词的作用；而现在分词作定语则表示被修饰名词的动作。如果要区分它们，可以把被修饰名词作主语，把doing前加上动词be，变化后的句子如果成立则是现在分词作定语；变化后的句子如果不成立，则是动名词作定语。
The
sleeping
car
is
very
expensive.
那台卧车很贵。（The
car
is
sleeping.不成立，其中的sleeping是动名词。）
The
sleeping
boy
is
John's
brother.
那个正在睡觉的男孩是约翰的弟弟。（The
boy
is
sleeping.成立，其中的sleeping是现在分词。）
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
1 Laughter
is
good
for
you
Section
Ⅲ Task
&
Project
文本感知
Ⅰ．阅读“The
invisible
bench”，完成下列单选题
1．The
invisible
bench
is
______.
A．a
stand up
comedy B．a
comic
play
C．a
TV
play
D．a
film
答案：B
2．The
story
happens
______.
A．in
a
park
B．inside
a
room
C．at
school
D．on
the
playground
答案：A
3．The
bench
______.
A．is
not
in
existence
B．is
cosy
C．is
in
existence
D．can
hold
5
students
答案：A
4．How
many
characters
are
there
in
the
play
The
invisible
bench
A．Two.
B．Three.
C．Four.
D．Five.
答案：D
5．In
the
play
The
invisible
bench，who
enters
last
A．Mike.
B．Ann.
C．Cathy.
D．Paula.
答案：B
6．In
the
play
The
invisible
bench，who
moved
the
bench
A．Mike.
B．Ann.C．Paula.
D．Cathy.
答案：A
Ⅱ．阅读课文
“The
important
papers”，完成下列表格
1．______
asked
the
servant
to
give
him
the
2．______
The
servant
gave
the
King
The
King's
reaction
The
1st
time
3．______
4．______
The
2nd
time
5．______
6．______
The
3rd
time
7．______
8．______
The
King
9．______
what
he
wanted
—
10．______
at
last
答案：1．The
King 2．important
papers 3．official looking
papers 4．threw
them
at
Servant
in
anger 5．a
newspaper 6．tore
it
into
two
7．a
magazine
8．ran
after
Servant 9．got 10．a
roll
of
toilet
paper导学互动
1．He
has
instructed
students
from
over
70
different
countries.（Page
11）
他教了七十多个国家的学生。
instruct
vt.
教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
She
instructed
me
how
to
use
the
computer.
她教我如何使用电脑。
She
instructed
the
soldiers
to
retreat.她命令士兵们撤退。He
arrived
at
10
o'clock
as
instructed.
他依照指示于10点钟到达。
My
agent
has
instructed
me
that
I
still
owe
him
10
dollars.
我的代理人通知我，我还欠他10美元。
联想拓展
（1）instruct
sb.（in
sth.）教，教导，传授技能
instruct
sb.to
do；instruct
wh
命令、指示某人做某事
instruct
that clause
通知……
He
was
instructed
to
sail
for
New
York.
他奉命前往纽约。
（2）instruction
n.指示，指导；instructions
用法说明，操作指南
instructor
n.指导者，教练
instructive
adj.
教育性的，有益的
instructional
adj.
教学的，教育的
follow
the
instructions
遵从指示
an
instruction
book说明书
give
sb.instructions
to
do命令/吩咐某人做
The
boss
gave
me
so
many
instructions
at
one
time
that
I
got
muddled
up.
老板一下子给了我那么多指示，把我弄得糊里糊涂。
Read
the
instructions
on
the
pocket.
看一下袋子上的说明。
instruction后that引导的同位语、表语等名词从句中，谓语用“should
＋
v．”。
The
instruction
was
that
nobody（should）be
allowed
to
go
to
sleep
until
further
orders.
指示要求，在接到进一步的命令之前任何人不得去睡觉。
The
novel
is
so
instructive
that
I
can
hardly
tear
myself
away
from
it.
这部小说很有意义，简直使我爱不释手。
词汇辨析
teach，instruct和educate的区别：
这些动词均含“教，教育”之意。
teach最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
Who
teaches
you
English？谁教你英语？
instruct与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
The
professor
instructed
us
how
to
identify
them.
教授教我们如何鉴别它们。
educate较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。
Educating
a
baby
to
speak
early
isn't
easy.
教婴儿早说话不容易。
单项选择
（1）Please
read
the
______
on
the
bottle
and
take
the
right
amount
of
medicine.
A．explanations
B．descriptions
C．instructions
D．introductions
答案：C 解析：explanation“解释”；description“描述”；instructions“用法说明”；introduction“介绍”。根据题意应选C项。
（2）He
works
in
a
sports
centre
______
people
in
the
use
of
the
gym
equipment.
A．having
instructed
B．instructed
C．instructing
D．to
instruct
答案：C 解析：句意为：“他在体育中心工作，指导人们使用健身设备。”这里需要一个现在分词做伴随状语。
2．In
an
interview，he
told
us
that
he
is
always
happy
to
take
on
new
foreign
students.（Page
11）
在一次采访中，他告诉我们他随时都乐于接收外国学生。
take
on接收；雇用；呈现；承担；接纳；装载
We're
not
taking
on
any
new
clients
at
present.
目前我们不接收新客户。
She
was
taken
on
as
a
trainee.她受聘为实习生。
I
can't
take
on
any
extra
work.我不能承担任何额外工作。
The
bus
stopped
to
take
on
more
passengers.
公共汽车停下，为的是让更多乘客上车。
联想拓展
take
off
脱下；起飞
take
up
拿起；开始；继续；从事；占用
take
over
接管；接手；接任
take
back
拿回；收回（所说的话）
take
in
包括；接纳；欺骗
take
down写下；拆除
take
after
像，仿效
take
away
拿走；夺走；拆去
take...for...以为（某人或某物）是……
take
off
取[脱]下；拆下；（飞机）起飞；（事业）起步
take
out
取出，拔出；除掉（污迹等），擦去
take
to
爱，喜欢
用take的相关短语完成句子
（1）He
will
____________
the
company
after
his
father
retires.
答案：take
over
（2）The
plane
____________
one
hour
late.
答案：took
off
（3）I
was
completely
____________
by
her
story.
答案：taken
in
（4）Her
time
is
fully
____________
by
writing.
答案：taken
up
单项选择（5）After
ten
years'
work，we
make
our
city
______
a
new
look.
A．take
up
B．take
on
C．save
up
D．put
up
答案：B 解析：take
on
a
new
look意为“呈现出新面貌”。
（6）—Mr.
Brown
is
very
busy，isn't
he
—So
he
is.He
has
______
greater
responsibilities
since
he
was
promoted.
A．taken
off
B．taken
up
C．taken
in
D．taken
on
答案：D 解析：句意为：“——布朗先生现在很忙，是吗？——的确如此。自从升职以后，他担负的责任更重了。”take
on“承担”；take
off“起飞，脱下”；take
up“占据，从事”；take
in“吸收，欺骗”。
3．His
initial
requirements
are
that
students
must
already
speak
good
Putonghua
and
have
an
interest
in
Chinese
culture.（Page
11）
他的首要要求是学生必须会说流利的普通话，且对中国文化感兴趣。
requirement
n.
要求；需求
Every
individual
has
a
physiological
requirement
for
each
nutrient.
每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需求。
Our
immediate
requirement
is
extra
staff.
我们急需增加工作人员。
联想拓展
（1）requirement
的动词是require，意思是“需要，要求；命令”。
Certain
failures
will
require
immediate
attention.
有些故障需要立即引起注意。
All
passengers
are
required
to
show
their
tickets.
所有乘客都必须出示车票。
（2）need,
want,
require，deserve（应得，值得），worth，not
bear（经不住）后面接doing，用主动形式表被动含义。
The
book
is
worth
reading.这本书值得一读。
The
old
building
requires
repairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
Your
hair
wants/needs
cutting（＝wants/needs
to
be
cut）．
你的头发该剪了。
完成句子
（1）并非所有外宾均符合入境规定。
Not
all
foreign
visitors
satisfy
legal
entry
______.
答案：requirements
同义句转换
（2）The
floor
requires
washing.
The
floor
requires______
______
______.
答案：to
be
washed
4．Finally，when
Ding
Guangquan
thinks
they
have
attained
enough
skills，the
foreign
students
can
create
crosstalk
dialogues
with
him.（Page
11）
最后，当丁广泉认为他们已经获得足够多的技能时，这些外国学生就能和他创作相声段子了。
attain
vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到；达到
More
women
are
attaining
positions
of
power
in
some
big
companies.
更多的妇女在一些大公司中获得要职。
After
many
defeats
he
attained
perfection.
多次失败后，他终于达到了完美境界。
词汇辨析
achieve，gain，attain，get，earn和acquire的区别：
六者都可表示“达到；获得”。
achieve强调为实现某一特定目标所做出的努力、所表现的毅力、所运用的技巧和手段，但一般指按常规步骤去达到目的。
He
achieved
a
good
mark
in
the
reading
contest.
他在阅读比赛中得了高分。
gain指通过努力或奋斗获得某种利益、好处或经验。
She
gained
much
experience
from
the
part time
job.
她从这份兼职工作中获得了相当多的经验。
attain是比较正式的说法，包含较强的抱负和渴望的意味，常用于一般人不易达到的目标。
Ten
years
later，he
attained
all
the
goals.
十年后，他实现了所有的目标。
get指用某种方法或手段得到某种东西，是普通用词，不如以上几个词正式。
Where
did
you
get
this
new
skirt
你在哪儿买到这条新裙子的？
earn强调经过艰苦努力而获得的报偿，宾语多为金钱、荣誉等理应得到的东西。
He
earns
$3,000
a
month.他一月赚3,000美元。
acquire指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西，也指养成习惯等。
She
acquired
a
good
knowledge
of
English
from
Mr.Chen's
lectures.
他从陈教授的讲座中学到许多英语知识。
单项选择
（1）Mr.Smith
gradually
______
a
knowledge
of
the
subject.
A．attained
B．achieved
C．required
D．acquired
答案：D 解析：attain“达到（很难达到的）目标”；achieve“实现愿望，达到目标”；require“要求”；acquire“获得（技术，知识等）”。根据题意，应选D项。
（2）This
wine
isn't
bad；I'm
beginning
to______
a
taste
for
it.
A．be
used
to
B．acquire
C．achieve
D．attain
答案：B 解析：acquire可指“养成习惯”；be
used
to“习惯于”。句意为：“这种酒不坏，我正开始养成品尝它的习惯。”a
taste
for...“对……的喜好”，它不能和be
used
to连用。
5．Of
course.（moves
over
as
if
to
make
room
for
Tony）（Page
14，Line
9）
当然。（挪了挪，好像是要为托尼腾出地方）
（1）make
room
for
为……腾出地方
Please
move
along
and
make
room
for
the
old
man.请挪一下，给这位老人让个座位。
联想拓展
make的常用短语：
make
for向……前进，快速走向
be
made
up
of由……组成；包含有
make
sense讲得通；有意义
（2）room在本句中为不可数名词，意为“空间，余地”。
Do
you
have
room
for
a
computer
on
your
desk
你的桌子上还能摆下一台电脑吗？Leave
room
for
this
big
box.留出地方来放这个大箱子。
英译汉
（1）How
can
we
make
room
for
the
desk
________________________________________________________________________
答案：我们怎么腾得出地方放这张桌子呢？
（2）It
is
important
to
give
children
room
to
think
for
themselves.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：给孩子留下独立思考的空间很重要。
单项选择
（3）The
old
houses
are
being
pulled
down
to
______
a
new
office
block.
A．supply
with B．make
use
of
C．make
room
for
D．take
the
place
of
答案：C 解析：句意为：“旧房子被拆掉是为了给新办公楼腾地方。”make
room
for“为……腾地方”。
（4）I've
read
the
material
several
times，but
it
doesn't
______
to
me.
A．make
out
B．make
up
C．make
sense
D．make
sure
答案：C 解析：make
sense
“讲得通，有意义”。
6．Mind
if
I
sit
down？（P14，Line
21）
我坐下你介意吗？
mind是do
you
mind的省略，意思是“你介意……吗？”。
Do
you
mind
giving
me
a
glass
of
water
你介意给我一杯水吗？
联想拓展
mind
vt.
在意，介意，后面常接名词、代词或动名词，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
Tom
didn't
really
mind
missing
the
lecture.
汤姆不太介意错过那场演讲。
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window？我开窗你介意吗？
mind还可用于句型Do/Would
you
mind（sb./sb.'s）doing
sth.？中，表示“请求允许”或“请求某人做某事”。
Would
you
mind
closing
the
door？（＝Please
close
the
door.）
请你关上门好吗？
Would
you
mind
my/me
closing
the
door？（＝Can
I
close
the
door？）
我关上门好吗？
注：
Do/Would
you
mind
if
...是表示请示、许可的句型；在“Would
you
mind
＋if从句”中，谓语动词常用过去时态。
Would
you
mind
if
I
turned
down
the
TV？（＝Do
you
mind
if
I
turn
down
the
TV？）
我把电视声音调低一点你不介意吧？
表示“不介意”时常用的回答：
No，certainly
not./No，of
course
not./No，do
as
you
like./Not
at
all.
表示“介意”时常用的回答：
Yes，I'm
afraid
you'd
better
not./I'm
sorry，but
please
don't./I'm
sorry，but
I
do.
单项选择
—Sorry
I'm
late.I
got
stuck
in
traffic.
—______.You're
here
e
in
and
sit
down.
A．You
are
welcome
B．That's
right
C．I
have
no
idea
D．Never
mind
答案：D 解析：考查交际用语。从第一句可以看出因为迟到而向对方道歉，因此never
mind“没关系，别介意”，符合语境。you
are
welcome“不客气”；that's
right“是的，没错”；I
have
no
idea“我不知道”。
7．Mike
stands
up
and
wanders
over
to
the
middle
of
the
stage
and
‘sits’
down.（Page
14，Lines
24 25）
迈克站起来，溜达到了舞台中央，然后“坐”下来。
wander
vi.&
vt.
漫步；闲逛；偏离
The
boys
wandered
around
the
town
with
nothing
to
do.
那些男孩子无所事事，在镇上到处闲逛。
The
child
was
found
wandering
the
street
alone.
那孩子被发现独自在大街上漫步。
联想拓展
（1）wander
from/off
the
subject离题
Be
careful
not
to
wander
from
the
subject.
注意不要离开正题。
wander
from
a
trail偏离正道
（2）形似词：wonder
v．&
n.惊讶；怀疑；惊奇；想知道
They
stared
at
the
strange
sight
in
silent
wonder.
他们惊讶地默默凝视那奇怪的景象。
I
was
just
wondering
about
that
myself.
我就是觉得那件事莫名其妙。
I
wonder
who
he
is.我很想知道他是谁。
完成句子
（1）尽量不要让你的思想开小差。
Try
not
to
let
your
mind______.
答案：wander
（2）他从一幢十层楼的屋顶上摔下来，仍然活着，真是奇迹。
It
is______
______
______he
remained
alive
after
dropping
from
the
roof
of
a
ten storeyed
building.
答案：a
wonder
that
8．I
must
have
forgotten
to
tell
you.（Page
14，Line
33）
我一定是忘记告诉你们了。
must
have
done
表示对过去某事的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中，意为“想必……，一定……”。
She
must
have
gone
through
a
lot.她一定经历过许多事。
I
posted
a
book
to
her
three
weeks
ago.She
must
have
received
it.
三周前我寄给她一本书，她一定已经收到了。
It
is
8
o'clock.They
must
have
arrived.
八点了。他们一定已经到了。
联想拓展
（1）can't/couldn't
have
done是must
have
done的否定形式，表示对过去发生的事情进行否定推测。
Jack
can't
have
stolen
your
money.He
has
gone
home.
杰克不可能偷你的钱，他已经回家了。
（2）could
have
done是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，表示本来可以做某事却没有做。
She
could
have
passed
the
exam，but
she
was
too
careless.
本来她能够通过考试，但是她太粗心。
（3）should
have
done表示过去应该做某事却没有做；shouldn't
have
done表示过去不应该做某事却做了。
George，you
are
too
lazy.The
work
should
have
been
finished
last
week.
乔治，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来上周就应该完成的。
Mary
is
crying.I
shouldn't
have
been
so
harsh
on
her.
玛丽哭了，我本来不应该对她如此严厉。
（4）needn't
have
done表示本来没有必要做某事却已经做了。
You
needn't
have
bought
so
many
flowers.
你本来没有必要买这么多花。
（5）may/might
have
done表示对过去已经发生的事情进行推测，意思是“可能已经，或许已经”，只用于肯定句和否定句中（疑问句中往往用could或can）。
It's
no
use
going
to
his
home.He
may
not
have
gone
home；he
may
have
gone
somewhere
else.
去他家没有用。他可能没有回家，可能已经去了其他地方。
单项选择
（1）Since
nobody
gave
him
any
help，he______
have
done
the
research
on
his
own.
A．can
B．must
C．would
D．need
答案：B 解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然没有人给他任何帮助，那他一定是独自完成的这项研究。must在此处表示对过去情况的肯定猜测。can和need与have
done连用，一般不能用于肯定句中表推测；would与have
done连用，表示虚拟语气。
（2）—Where
is
my
dictionary？I
remember
I
put
it
here
yesterday.
—You
______
it
in
the
wrong
place.
A．must
put
B．should
have
put
C．might
put
D．might
have
put
答案：D 解析：might
have
done意为“可能做过某事”，符合题意。
9．It
got
too
crowded，so
I
moved
the
bench.（Page
14，Line
34）
太拥挤了，所以我移动了长椅。
crowded
adj.拥挤的
It
was
two
weeks
before
Christmas
and
the
mall
was
crowded
with
shoppers.
离圣诞节还有两个星期，商场里挤满了购物者。
Guests
were
crowded
into
the
few
remaining
rooms.
客人被拥挤在几间仅剩的房间里。
联想拓展
crowd
n.
人群 vi.&vt.
挤满，塞满，使拥挤
We
had
to
push
our
way
through
the
crowd.
我们得从人群中挤过去。
The
restaurant's
regular
customers
are
being
crowded
out
by
tourists.
这家餐馆的老主顾被游客挤出了门外。
完成句子
（1）We
went
to
Mount
Tai
last
weekend，which，not
surprisingly，______
______
______（挤满了）visitors.
答案：was
crowded
with
（2）When
the
hero
entered
the
hall，______
______（人群）burst
into
applause.
答案：the
crowd
（3）The
roads
are
______（拥挤）so
that
walking
to
work
is
even
quicker
than
driving.
答案：crowded
10．No，you
fool！（P15，Line14）
不，你这个傻瓜！
fool
n.
傻瓜，愚蠢的人 vt.愚弄，欺骗 vi.干傻事，开玩笑
You're
really
a
fool
to
believe
her.
你真是个傻瓜，竟然相信她的话。
He
always
fools
others
out
of
their
money.
他总是骗别人的钱。
I
was
only
fooling
when
I
said
I'd
lost
your
keys.
我说把你的钥匙丢了，只是逗你玩的。
Don't
be
angry.We
are
just
fooling.
别生气，我们只是闹着玩的。
联想拓展
foolish
adj.愚蠢的
It's
very
foolish
of
him
to
do
so.他这么做真是愚蠢。
常用搭配：
fool
sb.out
of
his
money诈骗某人钱财
make
a
fool
of
sb.愚弄某人
fool
with
摆弄，玩弄
fool
about（around）不务正业，虚度光阴
be
fool
enough
to
真傻，傻到……
make
a
fool
of
oneself
[口]做傻事
no
fool
绝非傻瓜，精明机敏
词语辨析
cheat/deceive/trick/fool
这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。
cheat普通用词，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人；
deceive最普通用词，指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗；
trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物；
fool指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。
用cheat，fool，deceive或trick的适当形式填空
（1）The
boy
______
his
friend
out
of
an
apple
by
insisting
that
it
was
rotten.
答案：cheated/tricked
（2）He
cleverly
______
a
lot
of
people
into
believing
he's
got
a
valuable
vase.
答案：fools/cheats/tricks
（3）Pretending
to
be
dead
is
a
______
many
animals
use
to
deceive
their
captors.
答案：trick
（4）His
apparent
honesty
______
me.
答案：deceived
11．tears
the
paper
in
two（Page
15，Line
14）
把报纸撕成两半
tear
vt.
撕；扯
He
tore
up
the
letter.＝He
tore
the
letter
into
pieces.
他把信撕成了碎片。
I
tore
another
sheet
off
the
pad.
我从便笺本上又撕下一张纸。
联想拓展
与tear有关的短语：
tear
down拆毁；拆卸
tear
away强行拉走
tear
up撕成碎片
tear
apart扯开，拆散
词汇辨析
tear
at与tear
tear
at表示动作，意为“撕，扯”。
tear表示结果，意为“撕开，扯开”。
英译汉
（1）She
tore
at
the
cloth
but
couldn't
tear
it.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：她撕那块布，但没有撕开它。
（2）He
tore
the
package
open.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：他把包裹撕开。
单项选择
（3）A
lot
of
buildings
along
the
road
will
be
______
to
make
way
for
the
new
highway.
A．torn
away
B．torn
down
C．torn
up
D．torn
apart
答案：B 解析：tear
down“拆毁，拆卸”；tear
away“强行拉走”；tear
up“撕成碎片”；tear
apart“扯开，拆散”。
12．takes
magazine
and
runs
after
Servant.Servant
runs
away（Page
15，Line
17）
抓起杂志，追赶仆人，仆人逃下
run
after追踪，追赶；（因爱慕）追求
Is
that
cat
running
after
a
mouse
那只猫在追一只老鼠吗？
Jimmy
ran
after
Helen
for
two
years，but
she
refused
him
at
last.
吉米追了海伦两年，但最后她还是拒绝了他。
联想拓展
run
out
用尽，耗尽
run
across
偶然遇见（不期而遇）
run
for
竞选
run
away离开；逃离；躲开逃避，躲避（问题、新事物等）
run
into遇到（问题、困难等）；陷入（困境）；意外碰到，（车辆意外地）撞上，撞倒
run
off（使）流掉；减轻体重；偷走；流失
They
run
away
from
the
problem，hoping
it
will
disappear
of
its
own
accord.
他们避开了这个问题，希望它不了了之。
“I
thought
you
were
going
to
run
off
and
leave
me，”she
said.
“我还以为你要丢下我一个人跑了呢，”她说。
Don't
let
your
temper
run
away
with
you.
要控制住自己，不要发脾气。
One
day
she
ran
across
Jim.
有一天她碰巧见到吉姆了。
Our
time
is
running
out.＝We
are
running
out
of
time.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
单项选择
—OK，I've
had
enough
of
it.I
give
up.
—You
can't
______
your
responsibilities.
A．run
off
with
B．run
up
against
C．run
out
of
D．run
away
from
答案：D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。run
off
with意为“带着……逃走，与……私奔”；run
up
against意为“意外地碰到，偶遇”；run
out
of意为“用完……，耗尽……”；ran
away
from意为“从……逃离，回避……”。后半句句意：你不能逃脱你自己的责任。
13．Servant
bursts
in，next
to
Queen，...（Page
15，Line
24）
仆人冲上舞台，来到王后身边，……
burst
vi.
猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
He
burst
into
the
room
without
knocking.
他没敲门就闯进了屋子。
The
balloon
will
burst
if
you
blow
it
up
any
more.
你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。
The
dam
burst
under
the
weight
of
water.
大坝在水的巨大压力下决堤了。
联想拓展
（1）burst
n.爆炸；爆发
His
speech
was
followed
by
a
burst
of
applause.
他的演讲赢得一片掌声。
（2）burst
in（不及物）突然冲入；插嘴；打断谈话
burst
into
突然闯入；突然开始；爆发出
burst
into＋n.＝burst
out＋doing突然……起来
Suddenly
the
door
opened
and
a
group
of
children
burst
in.
门突然打开，一群孩子冲了进来。
All
the
classmates
burst
into
laughter
when
David
acted
out
the
episode.
当戴维表演完那个片断时，全班同学都捧腹大笑。
He
burst
out
crying
like
a
child.
他像孩子一样忽然哭起来。
（3）burst
in
on/upon
打断（谈话等）；突然到达
How
dare
you
burst
in
on
us
without
knocking.
你怎么敢不敲门就闯进来。
（4）burst
forth
突然爆发
When
I
saw
this，my
anger
burst
forth.
当我看到这一点时，我的愤怒爆发了。
用适当的介词或副词填空
（1）Everyone
on
the
bus
burst
______
a
song
as
we
got
closer
to
school.
答案：into
（2）They
all
burst
______
laughing
when
they
saw
the
expression
on
her
face.
答案：out
（3）Benny
suddenly
burst
______
tears.
答案：into
（4）She
burst
______
the
door
______
the
room.
答案：through；into
完成句子
（5）警察突然闯入，逮捕了那帮人。
The
police
______
______
and
arrested
the
gang.
答案：burst
in
（6）别让他打岔。
Stop
him
______
______.
答案：bursting
in
14．He
glares
at
Queen.（Page
15，Line
28）
他瞪着王后。
glare
vi.
怒目而视（常与介词at连用）；发出炫目的光n.
怒视；强烈刺目的光
She
glared
at
me
and
said，“I
hate
you.”
她愤怒地瞪着我说道：“我恨你”。
The
teacher
gave
the
boys
a
glare
when
they
laughed
loudly
in
class.
当男生们在课堂上放声大笑时，老师瞪了他们一眼。
词汇辨析
glare
at，stare
at，look
at，gaze
at，glance
at与glimpse
at的区别：
1）glare
at怒目而视，表示由于生气而睁大眼睛，用愤怒的目光注视，强调敌对或威胁。
2）stare
at指由于吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视。
3）look
at是最普通的“看”，既无吃惊、害怕或羡慕之意，也无凶狠或恐吓之意，只是注意或有意识地看。
4）gaze
at指由于好奇、喜悦、喜欢而目不转睛地看。
5）glance
at指快速地看某人或某物一眼。
6）glimpse
at指无意地一瞥，从而产生粗略的印象。
完成句子
（1）他们没有打架，但是站在那儿互相怒目而视。
They
didn't
fight，but
stood
there
______
______
each
other.
答案：glaring
at
（2）课堂上所有的学生都看着黑板。
All
the
students
______
______
the
blackboard
in
class.
答案：looked
at
（3）小女孩盯着橱窗内的玩具。
The
little
girl
______
______
the
toys
in
the
shop
window.
答案：gazed
at
（4）我尖叫一声，众人都盯着我看。
I
screamed
and
everyone
______
______
me.
答案：stared
at
（5）我只来得及浏览了一下报纸。
I
only
had
time
to
______
______
the
newspaper.
答案：glance
at
15．holds
out
a
roll
of
toilet
paper（Page
15，Line
30）
递上一卷卫生纸
hold
out递出；拿出；伸出；坚持；维持；提供机会；给予希望
He
held
out
the
keys
and
I
took
them.
他拿出钥匙递了过来，我接了。
I
held
out
my
hand
to
steady
her.
我伸出手扶住她。
How
long
can
we
hold
out
against
these
attacks
我们还能坚持抵抗这些攻击多长时间呢？
Doctors
hold
out
little
hope
of
her
recovering.
医生对她的康复几乎不抱任何希望。
联想拓展
hold
up延误；耽搁；阻挡；使停顿
hold
on继续；抓住……不放；（打电话）不挂断
hold
back阻止；抑制（眼泪等）
完成句子
（1）他没让眼泪流出来。
He
______
______
his
tears.
答案：held
back
（2）他伸出手，拦了一辆出租车。
He
______
______
his
hand
and
stopped
a
taxi.
答案：held
out
（3）我的申请因邮政部门罢工而耽搁了。
My
application
was
______
______
by
the
postal
strike.
单项选择
答案：held
up
（4）______
and
don't
let
go
until
I
say
so.
A．Hold
up
B．Hold
to
C．Hold
on
D．Hold
out
答案：C 解析：句意为：“握紧，我不说松开你就别松开。”hold
on“等一等；抓紧不放”。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。Unit
1 Laughter
is
good
for
you
课前预习导学
课标导航
句型
1．“It/This/That
is
because...”用来说明前面情况的原因2．状语从句中的省略3．动名词作主语4．whatever引导的让步状语从句5．once引导的条件状语从句6．must
have
done用于表示对过去事实的肯定推测
语法
非谓语动词（Ⅰ）
写作
写一封电子邮件
考向
must
have
done；非谓语动词；never
mind；strength；polish；performance；it作形式宾语
主题导读
The
Clown—Laughter maker
What
is
a
clown
A
clown
is
a
performer
who
pretends
to
be
a
fool
and
acts
up（捣蛋，耍脾气）in
order
to
amuse
his
audience.In
short，he's
a
comedian.
How
is
he
funny？It
depends
on
the
clown.Clowns
have
many
things
in
their
bag
of
tricks.Some
do
slapstick（闹剧）．Some
do
pantomime（哑剧）；they
don't
speak，just
act
out
their
story，instead.Some
use
magic.Others
tell
jokes
or
use
puppets
in
their
performance.
The
Face
The
clown
has
many
decisions
to
make
about
his
identity.Identity
is
not
only
found
in
a
clown's
name.A
clown's
identity
has
a
great
deal
to
do
with
tradition，costume，and
make up.There
are
many
types
of
clowns
and
each
clown
must
create
his
own
look
and
special
face.
The
face
means
characters
or
personalities
of
the
clown.A
clown's
face
is
created
by
the
use
of
make up，as
well
as
his
costume.In
other
words，he
has
a
certain
look
and
he
acts
out
in
his
own
special
way.Once
the
clown
chooses
his
face，it
becomes
his
trademark（明显的特征）．No
other
clown
may
dress
or
make
up
exactly
like
him.
Types
of
Clowns
There
are
four
basic
types
of
clowns.
Whiteface（白脸小丑）
They
use
white
make up
to
cover
their
faces.It
is
the
oldest
type
of
clown.They
do
a
lot
of
physical
stunts（特技，绝技），like
leaping
and
tumbling（跌倒）．
Auguste（马戏团小丑，也叫傻瓜或彩面小丑）
They
wear
colourful，mismatched，and
oversized
clothing.These
clowns
also
have
big
noses
and
brightly
coloured
wigs（假发）．From
head
to
toe，colour
is
an
important
part
of
the
costume.
Character（性格小丑）
They
have
the
most
realistic
look.They
exaggerate
usual
facial
features
like
beards，hair，eyebrows，lips
or
noses.
New
Vaudeville（新歌舞杂耍）
They
usually
don't
wear
make up
and
amuse
audience
by
involving
them
in
the
performance.
Questions：
1．Who
has
the
most
realistic
look
答案：Character.
2．What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
by
writing
this
passage
答案：The
author
wants
to
tell
us
some
knowledge
about
a
clown.
诱思探究
Do
you
know
any
other
way
to
amuse
people
答案：The
answer
is
various.
基础导练
Ⅰ．词汇拓展
1．______n.周刊；周报adj.每周的→______n.周，星期
答案：weekly；week
2．______adj.先前的，以往的
→______adv.先前，在此之前
答案：previous；previously
3．______n.（同一事物）不同种类；多种样式→______adj.各种各样的→______adv.不同地，各种各样地→______v．改变，变化；使多样化
答案：variety；various；variously；vary
4．______vi.&vt.表现
→______n.行为，举止；习性
答案：behave；behaviour
5．______n.表演，演出；表现；业绩→______v．执行，履行；表演
答案：performance；perform
6．______
n.研究院，学会；专科院校→______
adj.
学院的，学会的；n.学者
答案：academy；academic
7．______adj.技术的；技能的→______n.技术，工艺，工艺学→______n.技术，技巧，技能
答案：technical；technology；technique
8．______vt.&vi.增强；巩固→______n.力气；强度；长处
答案：strengthen；strength
9．______vi.参加，参与→______n.参与者→______
n.参加，参与
答案：participate；participant；participation
10．______adj.积极的；正面的；肯定的→______（反义词）
答案：positive；negative
11．______n.愚蠢→______adj.愚蠢的→______n.傻瓜
答案：foolishness；foolish；fool
12．______
n.
怒，怒火，怒气→______
adj.
生气的，愤怒的
答案：anger；angry
13．______vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知→______n.指令；教学，教诲；说明
答案：instruct；instruction
14．______n.邀请，请帖→______v．邀请
答案：invitation；invite
15．______adj.拥挤的→______n.人群，群众，一群v.拥挤，挤满；涌入
答案：crowded；crowd
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．stand
up
for____________
答案：支持，维护
2．a
variety
of____________
答案：各种各样的
3．trip
over____________
答案：绊倒
4．make
fun
of____________
答案：拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
5．have
affection
for____________
答案：喜爱，钟爱
6．想出；拿出____________
答案：come
up
with
7．无声电影____________
答案：silent
film
8．去世，亡故____________
答案：pass
away
9．赶走；驱赶____________
答案：drive
away
10．接纳____________
答案：take
on
11．为……腾出地方____________
答案：make
room
for
12．burst
in____________
答案：闯进；突然闯入
13．glare
at____________
答案：对……怒目而视
14．hold
out____________
答案：递出；拿出；伸出
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．He
says
______
______
______
when
he
started
practising
stand up
as
a
child,
he
told
himself
jokes
while
____
in
front
of
the
mirror,
brushing
his
teeth.（Page
3,
Lines
31 33）
他说这是因为他小时候开始练习单口喜剧时，总是站在镜子前面边刷牙边对自己讲笑话。
答案：it
is
because；standing
2．______
helps
your
body
stay
healthy
and
can
even
help
you
fight
pain.（Page
3,
Line
54）
笑有助于保持身体健康，还能减轻疼痛。
答案：Laughing
3．______
______
______，research
shows
that
in
the
end,
the
English
saying，‘Laughter
is
the
best
medicine’，may
be
true
after
all.（Page
3，Lines
56 57）
不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。
答案：Whatever
the
reason
4．______
they
have
polished
their
skills,
some
of
his
students
go
on
to
become
quite
well
known
themselves.（Page
11）
一旦他们提高了他们的技术，他的一些学生便会继续下去，直到自己成为名人。
答案：Once
5．I
______
______
______
to
tell
you.（Page
14,
Line
33）
我一定是忘记告诉你们了。
答案：must
have
forgotten
在预习中还有哪些问题需要你在听课时加以关注？请在下列表格中做个备忘吧！
课堂合作探究
Section
Ⅰ Welcome
to
the
unit，Reading
&
Word
power
文本感知
Ⅰ．阅读课文“Stand
up
for
your
health！”，完成下列单选题
1．The
characteristics
of
stand up
are
______.
A．well known
B．well loved
C．humorous
D．All
of
the
above
答案：D
2．Which
is
RIGHT
about
stand up
A．Stand up
comedy
needs
two
persons
to
perform.
B．The
stand up
comedian
doesn't
stand
in
front
of
the
audience.
C．Stand up
comedy
has
mainly
four
types.
D．Stand up
comedy
only
appears
in
America.
答案：C
3．People
like
Billy
Crystal
because
______.
A．people
like
his
performance
about
stand up
B．he
is
handsome
C．he
has
hosted
the
Academy
Awards
D．he
always
keeps
a
toothbrush
in
his
pocket
答案：A
4．The
most
important
reason
why
Crystal
becomes
famous
is
that
______.
A．he
hosts
the
Academy
Awards
B．he
is
a
television
and
film
actor
C．he
often
tells
jokes
D．he
has
the
ability
to
improvise（即兴创作）
答案：D
5．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
right
A．Crystal
is
popular
with
all
age
groups.
B．Stand up
comedy
can
treat
illness.
C．Stand up
comedy
is
humorous.
D．Stand up
comedy
has
an
important
effect
on
people.
答案：B
Ⅱ．阅读课文
“Stand
up
for
your
health！”，完成下列表格
1．____
A
kind
of
comedy
that
is
done
by
a
comedian
talking
straight
to
audience
members.
Types
jokes
about
2．______
people
behave
or
about
daily
life
jokes
about
3．______
the
comedian
is
doing
jokes
about
4．______
the
comedian
takes
jokes
about
5．______
the
comedian
is
imitating
BillyCrystal
began
practising
stand up
when
he
was
a
6．______
has
become
famous
because
he
is
very
7．______
and
is
often
able
to
come
up
with
new
jokes
has
hosted
the
Academy
Awards
8．______
wants
to
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
9．______and
George
Burns
Research
shows“Laughter
is
good
for
your
health！”
just
as
the
saying
“Laughter
is
10．______.”
答案：1．Stand up 2．the
way 3．what 4．funny
actions 5．the
well known
person 6．child 7．quick
thinking 8．nine
times 9．Bob
Hope 10．the
best
medicine
导学互动
1．Everyone
agrees
that
laughter
is
good
for
you.（P1）
所有人都赞同笑对人有好处。
laughter
n.大笑，笑声
Seeing
the
funny
scene，the
man
roared
with
laughter.
看见这个滑稽的场面，这个人放声大笑。
联想拓展
（1）laughter构成的短语：
burst
into
laughter
爆发出一阵笑声
roar/scream
with
laughter
放声大笑
full
of
laughter
充满了笑声
dissolve
into
laughter
情不自禁地笑了
（2）laugh
v．笑，发出笑声；n.
笑柄，笑话
laughable
adj.
可笑的，荒唐的
laughing stock
笑柄
laugh
at
嘲笑，取笑
laugh
off
对……一笑了之
laugh
one's
head
off
大笑不止laugh
out
loud
突然放声大笑
no
laughing
matter
严肃的事
Don't
make
me
laugh.
【非正式】别开我玩笑了。
I
tried
to
tell
him
that
he
was
drinking
too
much，but
he
just
laughed
it
off.
我告诉他他喝太多了，他只是一笑了之。
单项选择
What
he
said
could
only
make
people
______
their
heads
______.
A．laugh；away
B．laugh；off
C．smile；away
D．smile；on
答案：B 解析：laugh
one's
head
off为固定短语，意为“大笑不止”。
2．Stand
up
for
your
health！（Page
2，Title）
欣赏单口喜剧，促进身心健康！
stand
up
for
支持，维护
We
all
stand
up
for
democracy
and
human
rights.
我们都支持民主，维护人权。You
must
stand
up
for
your
rights.你必须维护你的权利。
联想拓展
（1）关于stand的常用短语：
stand
by袖手旁观；援助，支持；信守（诺言等）；待命，准备行动
She
still
stands
by
every
word
she
said.
她仍然信守她说过的每一句话。
stand
for
支持，代表Which
things
do
these
words
stand
for
这些词表示哪些事物？
stand
out
突出，显眼
A
tall
man
stands
out
in
a
crowd.
在人群中，个子高的人显眼。
stand
up
to
经得住；对抗
The
idea
can
hardly
stand
up
to
a
realistic
evaluation.
这种想法很难经得住现实的评价。
（2）“There
stand/stands＋名词”是倒装结构。当there，here放在句首，谓语动词为lie，live，seem，sit，stand，其主语又是名词时，句子用完全倒装，谓语动词单复数根据后面的名词而定。
There
stands
a
tall
building
by
the
side
of
the
lake.
在湖边耸立着一幢高楼。
（3）sb.can't
stand...“某人不能忍受（坚持）……”，后面接名词或动名词。
I
can't
stand
waiting
any
longer.
我不能再等了。
单项选择
（1）Girls
who
have
always
been
in
a
mixed
school
know
how
to______themselves
when
they
are
teased
by
boys.
A．stand
up
for
B．resist
the
temptation
of
C．put
up
with
D．look
back
答案：A 解析：A项“维护，为……辩护”；B项“抵抗……的引诱”；C项“忍受”；D项“回顾”。根据题意，应选A项。
（2）The
letters______well
against
the
dark
background.
A．stand
for
B．stand
by
C．stand
out
D．stand
up
答案：C 解析：句意为：“这些字母在黑暗的背景的映衬下很显眼。”C项“突出，显眼”，符合题意。
（3）I
can't
stand______with
Jane
in
the
same
office.She
just
refuses______talking
when
she
works.
A．working；stopping
B．to
work；stopping
C．working；to
stop
D．to
work；to
stop
答案：C 解析：stand作“忍受”讲时，后接名词或动名词；refuse后接to
do。
3．A
stand up
comedian
may
tease
an
audience
member，or
might
decide
to
tell
different
jokes
depending
upon
how
the
audience
reacted
to
his
or
her
previous
jokes.（Page
2，Lines
3 6）
单口喜剧演员可能就某一位观众开玩笑，或是根据观众对他或她以前讲的笑话的反应来决定讲不同的笑话。
react
vi.
作出反应；回应
How
did
he
react
to
your
answer
他对你的回答有何反应？
People
can
react
badly
to
certain
food
additives.
人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。
He
reacted
against
his
father's
will
by
becoming
a
priest.
他为了反抗父亲的意愿当了一名牧师。
联想拓展
（1）reaction
n.
反应
The
news
of
his
resignation
produced
an
immediate
reaction
from
the
press.
他辞职的消息立即在新闻界引起反响。
What
was
his
reaction
to
the
news
他对这消息的反应如何？
（2）和react相关的短语
react
to
对……作出反应
react
on
对……起作用，对……有影响
react
against反对
How
did
he
react
to
your
suggestion
他如何对待你的建议？
Children
tend
to
react
against
their
parents
by
going
against
their
wishes.
孩子们通常以违背他们父母的意愿来反抗他们。
用介词to，with与against完成句子
（1）Local
residents
have
reacted
angrily
______
the
news.
答案：to
（2）Your
applause
would
react
______
the
speaker.答案：on
（3）They
reacted
______
oppression.
答案：against
4．There
are
a
variety
of
different
styles
of
stand up
comedy.（Page
2，Line
8）
单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。
variety
n.（同一事物）不同种类；多种样式
Our
life
is
full
of
changes
and
variety.
我们的生活丰富多彩，千变万化。
There
are
a
wide
variety
of
people
on
the
earth.
世界上有各种不同的人。
联想拓展
（1）vary
vt.使不同，改变，使多样化
vi.变化，呈多样化
Just
like
spoken
language，body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
像口语一样，肢体语言因文化的差异而有所不同。
various
adj.各种各样的
Their
hobbies
are
many
and
various.
他们的业余爱好五花八门。
（2）a
variety
of＝varieties
of
各种各样的
a
variety
of＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词，variety
前面可以用形容词great，large，wide等来修饰。
词汇辨析
various和different
指人和事物的不同点的时候两个词可以互换，但当强调种类的不同时用的是various，强调事物完全不同或是本质上的不同时用的是different。
His
abilities
are
very
various.
他的才能是多方面的。
Different
methods
should
be
adopted
under
different
conditions.
在不同的情况下应采取不同的方法。
单项选择
In
the
botanic
garden
we
can
find
a（n）______of
plants
that
range
from
tall
trees
to
small
flowers.
A．species
B．group
C．amount
D．variety
答案：D 解析：a
variety
of“各种各样的”。根据下文中“range
from
tall
trees
to
small
flowers”可知D项符合题意。
5．Some
comedians
tell
jokes
about
the
way
people
behave
or
about
daily
life.（Page
2，Lines
8 9）
一些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式或日常生活来讲笑话。
（1）way（方式，方法）作先行词，并且引导词在定语从句中充当方式状语时，可用that/in
which引导定语从句，或者省略引导词。
The
way（that/in
which）he
explained
the
sentence
to
us
was
not
difficult
to
understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法并不难理解。
I
don't
like
the
way（that/in
which）you
talk
to
your
mother.
我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
（2）behave
vi.&
vt.表现；守规矩；（机器）运行
He
behaved
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他表现得若无其事的样子。
The
boy
behaved
very
well
last
night.
这个男孩昨晚表现得很好。
How
is
the
new
machine
behaving
这台新机器的性能怎么样？
联想拓展
（1）behave
oneself
守规矩，有礼貌
His
son
behaved
himself
all
day.
他的儿子整天都守规矩。
（2）behaviour
n.
行为
The
boy
was
sent
home
because
of
his
bad
behaviour.
这个男孩因其恶劣的行径而被遣送回家。
单项选择
（1）It
was
not
the
words
he
said
but
the
way
______he
talked
______made
us
angry.
A．/；/
B．in
which；/
C．that；that
D．where；that
答案：C 解析：这是一个强调句，句意为：“不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式让我们生气。”第一个空应填the
way的定语从句引导词；第二个空填强调句中的that。
（2）The
children
do
not
know
how
to
______
themselves
at
the
party.
A．act
B．perform
C．behave
D．advance
答案：C 解析：behave
themselves
是“守规矩，有礼貌”的意思，符合题意。
（3）Parents
should
educate
their
children
to
______
well
while
attending
a
party.
A．celebrate
B．observe
C．accept
D．behave
答案：D 解析：句意为：“父母应教育孩子在参加聚会时表现得好一点。”D项“表现”；A项“庆祝”；B项“观察”；C项“接受”。
6．For
example，they
may
talk
about
how
people
act
when
they
queue
up...（Page
2，Lines
9 10）
例如，他们可能会谈论人们排队时的表现……
queue
vi.
排列；列队
n.（人、车等的）队；行列
We
had
to
queue
up
for
an
hour
for
the
tickets.
我们不得不排一个小时的队买票。
There
was
a
queue
of
traffic
waiting
to
turn
right.
有一长队车辆等着向右拐弯。
联想拓展
queue
up
排队等候
stand
in
a
queue
排队等候
jump
the
queue
不按次序排队；插队
I
don't
think
it's
good
to
jump
the
queue.
我认为不按次序排队是不好的。
完成句子
（1）你排队多长时间了？
How
long
were
you
______
______
______？
答案：in
the
queue
单项选择
（2）It's
a
good
manner
____
when
you
want
to
get
on
a
bus.
A．to
queue
up
B．queuing
up
C．to
queue
for
D．queuing
for
答案：A 解析：句意为：“如果你想上公共汽车，礼貌的做法是排队等候。”queue
up“排队等候”，动词不定式在此处作真正的主语。
7．Other
comedians
rely
on
visual
humour.（Page
2，Line
11）
别的演员依靠视觉幽默。
rely
on
vt.
指望；依赖
Nowadays
we
rely
increasingly
on
computers
for
help/to
help
us.
现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
I
relied
on
you（r）coming
early.
我指望你早来。
联想拓展
reply
on/upon
sb./sth.指望或依赖某人/某事物
rely
on
it
that
...指望……
Many
people
now
rely
on
the
Internet
for
information.现在许多人依靠电脑来获取信息。
She
cannot
be
relied
on
to
tell
the
truth.
别指望她能说真话。
You
can
rely
on
me
to
keep
your
secret.
你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
We
rely
on
it
that
you
will
give
us
some
advice.
我们指望你给我们一些建议。
句型转换
（1）On
a
personal
note，he
is
a
man
you
can
rely
on.
______
______
______，he
is
a
man
______
______
______.
答案：In
my
opinion；to
rely
on
单项选择
（2）I
think
I
can
come，but
I
can't
______.
A．depend
on
B．rely
on
it
C．want
it
D．made
it
答案：B 解析：depend
on意为“取决于，依靠”，on为介词，后面需接宾语；rely
on
it中it指I
can
come这件事；want
it意义与题干不符；make
it表示“准时到达”，但can后面应接动词原形，因此只能选B项。
（3）He
is
a
dishonest
man.Whatever
he
promises，you
can't
______
anything.
A．rely
his
doing
B．relay
to
him
doing
C．rely
on
him
to
do
D．rely
him
doing
答案：C 解析：rely
on
sb.to
do
sth.是固定短语，意为“依靠某人做某事”。
8．...I've
been
playing
tennis
every
day
for
a
month.（Page
2，Lines
14 15）
……我每天都打网球，已经一个月了。
本句中使用了现在完成进行时，该时态表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，可能还要继续下去。We
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
hours.
我们等你几个小时了。
My
hands
are
dirty.I've
been
painting
the
door.
我的手脏，我一直在漆门。
I've
been
writing
the
composition
for
two
hours，but
I
haven't
finished
it
yet.
这篇作文我已写了两个小时了，但还没写完。
单项选择
—I
have
got
a
headache.
—No
wonder.You
______
in
front
of
that
computer
too
long.
A．work
B．are
working
C．have
been
working
D．worked
答案：C 解析：句意为：“——我头疼。——怪不得呢。你坐在那台电脑面前太长时间了。”根据题意，可知用现在完成进行时。
9．Yet
other
comedians
may
trip
over
chairs，walk
into
doors，and
fall
down
on
stage
in
order
to
make
people
laugh.（Page
2，Lines
16 17）
还有其他一些喜剧演员为了让人们笑，假装被椅子绊倒，撞到了门或跌倒在舞台上。
（1）trip
over绊倒
Someone
might
trip
over
that
cable.
有人可能会被那条电缆绊倒。
联想拓展
①trip
n.旅行，出行
Did
you
have
a
good
trip
你旅途愉快吗？
They
will
go
on
a
trip
to
Beijing.
他们将去北京旅游。
We
need
to
take
a
trip
for
relaxation.
我们需要出去旅游放松一下。
②have
a
good
trip旅途愉快
go
on
a
trip
旅行 take
a
trip
旅行
（2）on
stage
在舞台上
They
have
now
been
on
stage
for
over
two
hours.
他们现在已经在舞台上演出2个多小时了。
联想拓展
stage构成的其他短语：
be/go
on
the
stage
当演员
take/leave
the
stage
登上/离开舞台
at
this
stage眼下；在此阶段
at
a
later
stage过些时候；日后
stage
by
stage
逐步地
完成句子
（1）Be
careful.Don't
______
______（绊倒）on
the
step.
答案：trip
over
（2）John
gave
up
his
teaching
career
to______
______
______
______（当演员）．
答案：be/go
on
the
stage
10．The
last
kind
of
comedian
does
impressions—he
or
she
will
act
or
speak
like
a
well known
person
in
order
to
make
fun
of
that
person.（Page
2，Lines
19 20）
最后一种喜剧演员进行滑稽模仿——他或她会模仿一位名人的言行以便拿那个人开玩笑。
make
fun
of
取笑；拿……开玩笑，嘲弄
It's
cruel
to
make
fun
of
people
who
stammer.
嘲笑口吃的人是很刻薄的。
Don't
make
fun
of
the
disabled.
不要取笑残疾人。
联想拓展
（1）相关短语
Have
fun！/Enjoy
oneself！/Have
a
good
time！尽情地玩吧！玩得高兴！
（2）注意：fun为不可数名词或形容词
It
is
great
fun
to
do...做……真有趣。
What（great）fun
it
is
to
do...!
做……多有趣啊！
fun
and
games
嬉戏；欢闹
for
fun
为了好玩；为了消遣
（3）play
a
joke/trick
on
sb.捉弄某人；开某人玩笑
laugh
at
嘲笑……
make
a
fool
of
愚弄……
make
a
joke
about/of
拿……开玩笑
单项选择
（1）This
is
not
a
match.We're
playing
chess
just
for
______.
A．habit
B．hobby
C．fun
D．game
答案：C 解析：句意为：“这不是比赛，我们下棋只是为了好玩。”for
fun“为了好玩”；habit“习惯”；hobby“爱好”；game“游戏，比赛”。
（2）Nobody
likes
to
______
in
public.
A．be
made
fun
of
B．be
made
fun
C．make
fun
of
D．make
fun
答案：A 解析：句意为：“没有人喜欢在公共场合被嘲笑”。考查make
fun
of
sb.的被动形式：sb.
be
made
fun
of。
11．People
around
the
world
enjoy
watching
him
when
he
hosts
the
Academy
Awards.（Page
2，Lines
27 28）
全世界的观众都喜爱看他主持的奥斯卡颁奖典礼。
award
n.
奖；奖品 vt.
授予；给予
He
was
nominated
for
the
best
actor
award.
他获得最佳男演员奖提名。
People
like
to
attend
the
award
ceremony
hosted
by
him.
人们喜欢参加他主持的颁奖仪式。
He
was
awarded
the
first
prize.他被授予一等奖。
词汇辨析
medal，prize，reward与award
medal
奖章；勋章；纪念章
Many
of
the
medals
were
won
in
diving
and
gymnastics
in
China.
在中国，许多奖牌是在跳水和体操项目中获得的。
prize指因比赛或某事受到赞扬而给予的奖励。
He
won
first
prize
in
the
100 metre
race.
他赢得了百米赛的一等奖。
reward因工作或服务得到的报酬，或因协助警方寻找或归还失物被给予的酬金。
a
financial
reward
经济奖励
A
￡100 reward
has
been
offered
for
the
return
of
the
necklace.
已悬赏100英镑寻找项链。
award与prize近似，都指因为工作杰出而受到奖励。
award与reward都可以指“奖励，奖品”，但award侧重于荣誉本身，reward侧重于报酬。
用award，reward，prize与medal填空
（1）She
won
a
gold
______
at
the
last
Olympics.
答案：medal
（2）He
won
first
______
in
the
contest.
答案：prize
（3）Rosie
was
in
London
to
receive
her
______
as
Mum
of
the
Year.
答案：award
（4）We
will
offer
a（n）______
of
ten
thousand
dollars
for
information
about
the
case.
答案：reward
单项选择
（5）She
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Peace
______.
A．Award
B．Prize
C．Reward
D．Medal
答案：B 解析：句意为：“她被授予诺贝尔和平奖。”Nobel
Peace
Prize“诺贝尔和平奖”。
（6）They
______
the
scholarship
to
the
best
students.
A．awarded
B．rewarded
C．received
D．were
presented
答案：A 解析：句意为：“他们把奖学金授予最优秀的学生。”award“授予”。
12．Each
time，he
performs
his
stand up
routine
in
front
of
millions
of
people
when
the
show
is
broadcast
live
on
TV.（Pages
2 3，Lines
28 30）
每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼电视直播的时候，他都会在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。
（1）each
time
“每次，每当”，在句中可作副词或连词用。
I
tried
three
times
and
failed
each
time.
我试了三次，每次都失败了。
My
poor
spelling
annoys
me
each
time
I
try
to
write
something.
每当我想写些什么的时候，我糟糕的拼写就会使我恼火。
名词短语在句子中作副词或者是连词的还有the
first
time，every
time，the
moment等。
The
first
time
he
saw
her，he
loved
her
immediately.
他第一次看到她的时候，就立刻喜欢上她了。
He
called
me
the
moment
he
arrived
at
the
airport
yesterday.
他昨天一到机场就打电话给我。
联想拓展
关于time
的短语：
in
no
time立刻，马上；at
a
time一次，同时；at
any
time任何时候；at
all
times经常，总是；some
time一段时间，一些时候；at
no
time决不，在什么时候也不；take
one's
time不慌不忙，小心谨慎；kill
time消磨时间；ahead
of
time提前
（2）perform
vt.&
vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转
The
magician
performed
some
astonishing
tricks.
那位魔术师表演了一些令人惊叹的魔术。
You
should
always
perform
what
you
promise.
你应永远履行你的诺言。
The
engine
seems
to
be
performing
well.
发动机似乎运转正常。
联想拓展
①performer
n.表演者；performance
n.
表演
②perform
one's
duty
尽责任
perform
a
play
演一出戏
perform
an
experiment
做实验
perform
an
operation
做手术
词汇辨析
perform，conduct，do，execute，fulfill的区别：
这些动词均含“做，执行，实施，完成”之意。
perform指完成困难较大、较复杂的任务，是较正式用词。
When
you
perform
the
urgent
task，you
must
keep
calm.
当你执行紧急任务时，你一定要保持冷静。
conduct和perform一样比较正式，二者意义相近，但conduct含指导、领导或监督等意味。
The
leaders
who
participate
in
the
project
will
be
conducted.
参与此项工作的领导将被监督。
do是最普通常用词，指完成某项具体的工作或任务，也指完成某种行为或动作。
Don't
do
that.不要那样做。
execute指需专门技术或熟练技巧去完成某种复杂的任务或表演等，也指把计划或打算付诸实施或执行某项命令。
Who
will
execute
the
performance
谁去完成这个表演？
fulfill指履行和实现所许诺的、所期望或要求的事情，含最终完成的意味。
If
you
make
a
promise，you
should
fulfill
it.
如果你许了一个诺言，你就应该兑现它。
（3）live
adj.有生命的；活的；现场的，直播的
live
adv.现场
You
won't
see
live
animals
in
a
museum.
在博物馆你是看不到活动物的。
Would
you
like
to
watch
the
live
coverage
of
the
World
Cup
你喜欢看世界杯的现场直播吗？
联想拓展
live作动词构成的短语：
live
by
one's
wits
靠小聪明，有时用不诚实的手段捞钱
live
on
以……为食/继续生活或存在
live
through
经历（艰难或险境）
live
up
to
符合（标准）；不负盛名
It
was
hard
to
describe
the
nightmare
she
had
lived
through.
她所经历的恐惧难以描述。
The
book
certainly
lived
up
to
his
expectation.
这本书无疑符合他的期望。
词汇辨析
live，alive，living，lively的区别
live为“活的，有生命的”意思时，通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物。
There
is
a
live
fish.有一条活鱼。
alive
adj.
在世的，健在的；活着的；活泼的（多用于描述人，作表语、后置定语，不作前置定语）
My
grandparents
are
still
alive.（alive作表语）
我的祖父母还健在。
No
man
alive
will
believe
you.（alive作后置定语）
没有一个活人会相信你的。
living
adj.
有生命的；活着的（用于人或动植物，作表语、定语或补足语，通常作前置定语）n.
生计；生活
Air
is
essential
to
all
living
things.（living作前置定语）
空气对一切生物都是必不可少的。
To
make
a
living，he
had
to
write
and
sell
stories.
为了谋生，他不得不写故事来卖。
lively
adj.
生动的；活泼的；活跃的
The
child
is
lively
as
well
as
healthy.
这孩子既健康又活泼。
完成句子
（1）在任何时候你都不应放弃学习。
______
______
______
______
______
give
up
______.
答案：At
no
time
should
you/At
any
time
you
shouldn't；studying
（2）他们提前完成了工作。
They
finished
the
work
______
______
______.
答案：ahead
of
time
单项选择
（3）Each
time
______
they
met，they
would
talk
long
hours
together.
A．during B．which
C．where
D．/
答案：D 解析：each
time作连词，可以引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
（4）No
matter
how
frequently
______，the
works
of
Beethoven
always
attract
large
audiences.
A．being
performed
B．to
be
performed
C．performed
D．performing
答案：C 解析：当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或是it，并且从句谓语部分有动词be时，从句主语和be动词可一起省去。原句可还原为：No
matter
how
frequently
the
works
were
performed，...。
（5）She
will
have
an
operation
______
by
doctors
at
Gay's
Hospital.
A．took
B．performed
C．made
D．brought
答案：B 解析：perform
an
operation“做手术”。
（6）There
will
be
a
______
TV
broadcast
of
this
conference
this
afternoon.
A．lively
B．living
C．alive
D．live
答案：D 解析：四个选项中，只有live有“现场直播的”之意。
用live，lively，alive与living完成句子
（7）The
football
match
was
televised
______
from
the
People's
Stadium.
答案：live
（8）The
English
teacher
made
his
lessons
______
and
interesting.
答案：lively
（9）What
do
most
people
do
for
a
______？
答案：living
（10）Doctors
can
only
keep
the
baby
______
for
six
weeks.
答案：alive
13．One
little known
fact
is
that
when
Crystal
is
the
host
of
the
Academy
Awards，he
always
keeps
a
toothbrush
in
his
pocket
for
good
luck.（Page
3，Lines
30 31）
鲜为人知的是，为了带来好运，克里斯托主持奥斯卡颁奖庆典时，口袋里总是放着一把牙刷。
little known
adj.鲜为人知的
The
custom
is
little known.
很少有人知道这种风俗。
联想拓展
（1）little known的反义词是well known。
well known
adj.
众所周知的；出名的
He
is
a
well known
actor.他是一位著名的演员。
（2）由“well＋过去分词”构成的其他常见词汇：
well balanced均衡的；意识健全的
well born出身高贵的
well built（指人）身强力壮的
well done（指食物）熟透的；做得好的
well dressed
穿着体面的
well fed吃得好的；营养充足的
well founded有根据的
well informed消息灵通的
well made
样子好的；做工精良的
well matched
配合得很好的
well read博学的
well mannered
举止得当的
well kept
妥善保管的
（3）其他常见合成形容词构成形式：
①adv.＋分词：hard working newly made
②n.＋分词：man made grass eating
③n.＋adj.：world famous snow white
④num.＋n.：five star ten year
⑤num.＋n.＋ ed：three legged four storeyed
⑥num.＋n.＋adj.：five year old 500 metre long
⑦adj.＋分词：ready made funny looking
⑧adj.＋n.＋ ed：kind hearted cold blooded
⑨adj.＋adj.：red hot dark blue
汉译英
（1）李明是我们学校最著名、最受人喜爱的篮球队员之一。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Li
Ming
is
one
of
the
most
well known
and
well loved
basketball
players
in
our
school.
（2）他喜欢吃熟透的牛排。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He
prefers
well done
steak.
完成句子
（3）虽然他是位非常有名的演员，但他的双胞胎哥哥却鲜为人知。
Although
he
is
a______
actor，his
twin
brother
is______.
答案：well known；little known
14．He
says
it
is
because
when
he
started
practising
stand up
as
a
child，he
told
himself
jokes
while
standing
in
front
of
the
mirror，brushing
his
teeth.（Page
3，Lines
31 33）
他说这是因为他小时候开始练习单口喜剧时，总是站在镜子前面边刷牙边对自己讲笑话。
（1）“It/This/That
is
because...”用来说明前面情况的原因。
He
has
heart
disease.That's
because
he
has
been
smoking
too
much.
他有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。
We
got
there
late.That
was
because
it
was
raining
heavily
at
that
time.
我们去晚了，因为那时正下着大雨。
联想拓展
“It/That
is
why...”相当于连词so，用来说明前面情况所产生的结果。
It
was
raining
heavily
at
that
time.That
was
why
we
got
there
late.
那时正下着大雨，所以我们来晚了。
（2）状语从句中的省略
在when，while，if，as
if，though，as，where，unless等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语中有be动词，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be动词常常省略。
When（I
was）in
Japan，I
took
many
beautiful
pictures.
在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
He
thought
of
an
important
thing
while（he
was）writing
a
letter.
他在写信时想起了一件非常重要的事情。
We'll
go
out
for
a
picnic
if（it
is）necessary.
如果有必要的话，我们要出去野餐。
联想拓展
某些省略句式经过长期发展而成为固定搭配
if
possible/necessary
如果可能/必要的话
when/where
necessary
必要的时候/地方
as...as
possible尽可能
if
so如果这样的话
If
possible，she
wants
to
go
with
us.
可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。
I'll
inform
you
by
e mail
when
necessary.
必要的时候，我会写电子邮件通知你。
If
so，we'll
have
to
put
the
meeting
off.
如果这样，我们只好把会议推迟。
句型转换
（1）He
walked
slowly
because
his
leg
was
hurt.
①He
walked
slowly.It
was
______
his
leg
was
hurt.
②His
leg
was
hurt.That
was
______
he
walked
slowly.
③The
reason
______
he
walked
slowly
was
______
his
leg
was
hurt.
答案：①because ②why ③why；that
（2）While
I
was
waiting，I
read
the
newspaper.
While
______，I
read
the
newspaper.
答案：waiting
（3）I
won't
go
unless
invited.
I
won't
go
unless
______
______
______.
答案：I
am
invited
（4）Though
small，the
room
is
clean
and
tidy.
Though
______
______
______，the
room
is
clean
and
tidy.
答案：it
is
small
单项选择
（5）—I
drove
to
Shanghai
for
the
air
show
last
week.
—Is
that
______
you
had
a
few
days
off
A．why
B．when
C．what
D．where
答案：A 解析：why引导表语从句，说明一种结果。句意为：“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？”
（6）The
flowers
his
friend
gave
him
will
die
unless
______
every
day.
A．watered
B．watering
C．water
D．to
water
答案：A 解析：unless引导的从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语water与其是被动关系，故选A项。“unless
watered
every
day”是“unless
the
flowers
are
watered
every
day”的省略句。
15．One
reason
Crystal
has
become
so
famous
is
that
he
is
very
quick
thinking，and
is
often
able
to
come
up
with
new
jokes
about
the
people
and
things
around
him.（Page
3，Lines
34 35）
克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一就是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编排笑话。
come
up
with
想出（＝put
forward）；拿出
You
should
come
up
with
the
ways
to
solve
the
problems.
你应该想出解决这些问题的方法。
Thank
you
for
coming
up
with
such
a
good
suggestion.
谢谢你提供了如此好的建议。
联想拓展
（1）come
up
with还可意为“赶上”。
At
last
he
quickened
his
pace，but
he
still
failed
to
come
up
with
us.
最后他加快了步伐，但是还是没有赶上我们。
表示“赶上”的短语还有：keep
up
with，catch
up
with
（2）关于come的常见短语如下：
come
on
登台，出场；改进，改善；加油；开始
It's
her
turn
to
come
on.该她出场了。
Come
on！You
are
approaching
the
finishing
line.
加油！你快到终点线了。
come
about发生，产生
Do
you
know
why
it
came
about
你知道为什么会发生这件事吗？
come
out（太阳、月亮等）出现；（花）盛开；出版；显出；说出，讲出
Flowers
often
come
out
in
spring.
花通常在春天盛开。
come
in进来；（潮水）上涨
Come
in，please.请进！
come
across偶遇；被理解
We
came
across
in
the
park.
我们在公园里偶遇。
come
along出现；进步，进展
He
didn't
come
along
until
the
train
left.
直到火车离开他都没有出现。
come
down下来；倒塌；流传下来；垂下
Many
buildings
came
down
in
the
earthquake.
很多大楼在地震中倒塌。
come
over
顺便来访
You
can
come
over
to
my
house
next
Sunday.
下周日你可以顺便来我家。
come
up
出现，发生；走上前来（to
sb.）；上升；发芽
Your
position
has
come
up.
你的职位提高了。
Almost
all
the
seeds
have
come
up
after
a
few
days
of
sowing.
几乎所有的种子播下几天之后都发芽了。
I
know
why
you
came
up
to
me
so
quickly.
我知道你来这儿如此快的原因。
单项选择
（1）—Does
he
know
how
to
work
out
the
problem
—Yes，he
has
______
a
good
idea
to
solve
it.
A．caught
up
with
B．kept
up
with
C．come
up
with
D．put
up
with
答案：C 解析：答语句意为：“是的，他已想出一个解决这个问题的好方法。”come
up
with“想出，拿出”。
（2）Something
unexpectedly
______
and
I
couldn't
make
it.
A．came
up
with
B．came
upon
C．came
up
to
D．came
up
答案：D 解析：句意：发生了意想不到的事情，我实在不得已。come
up
“发生”。
16．He
said，‘It
seems
appropriate
that
he
got
his
start
in
silent
films！’（Page
3，Lines
40 41）
他说：“看来，他从无声电影起步是合适的啊！”
silent
adj.
寂静的；沉默的
Keep/Remain/Stay
silent！保持沉默！
He
is
the
strong，silent
type.
他是那种强悍而沉默寡言的人。
The
report
is
strangely
silent
on
this
issue.
很奇怪，报告对这个问题避而不谈。
词汇辨析
silent，calm，quiet与still
silent主要指“不说话或不喧闹”，还可以指“不发音”。
calm用于人时，主要指“内心平静，思想、精神不激动，不受感情的干扰”；用于自然界时，可形容风和日丽的天气、风平浪静的海洋等。
Tina
was
frightened，but
she
stayed
calm.
蒂娜吓了一跳，但仍然保持镇静。
We
crossed
easily
because
the
sea
was
very
calm.
因为海面风平浪静，所以我们很容易就过海了。
quiet“安静的”，指没有干扰、喧闹和骚动。
a
quiet
street安静的街道
still
表示暂时静止不动，沉静无声。
How
still
everything
is！There
isn't
a
sound
to
be
heard.
多么宁静啊！一点声音也没有。
That
child
can't
keep
still
for
a
moment.
那个孩子一会儿也坐不住。
用silent，calm，still与quiet完成句子
（1）Stand
______
while
I
take
your
photograph.
答案：still
（2）Please
be
______.Don't
make
so
much
noise，for
she
is
sleeping.
答案：quiet
（3）Even
when
the
car
crashed，he
was
______.
答案：calm
（4）The
“b”
in
comb
is
______.
答案：silent
（5）You'd
better
be
______
about
what
happened.
答案：silent
单项选择
（6）As
the
curtain
rose，the
audience
fell
______.
A．silent
B．calm
C．quiet
D．still
答案：A 解析：句意为：“幕启时，观众安静下来。”silent主要指“不说话或不喧闹”；still主要指“静止不动”；fall一般不和quiet搭配。
17．Crystal
is
popular
with
all
age
groups
and
has
the
ability
to
amuse
people
all
over
the
world.（Page
3，Lines
43 44）
克里斯托受到各个年龄段的人的欢迎，而且他有逗乐全世界的人的能力。
（1）amuse
vt.
逗笑，逗乐；提供（消遣），（使）娱乐
My
funny
drawings
amused
the
kids.
我的滑稽图画把孩子们逗乐了。
She
thought
out
several
ideas
to
help
Laura
amuse
the
twins.
她给劳拉出了几个主意，好帮她逗这对双胞胎开心。
联想拓展
amuse
oneself
by/with
以……自娱；消遣
amused
adj.
逗乐的；觉得好笑的
be
amused
to
do
做……取乐
amusing
adj.
逗人笑的；有乐趣的
amusement
n.
消遣；娱乐；娱乐活动
to
one's
amusement＝to
the
amusement
of
sb.
令某人高兴的是
with
amusement
高兴地；愉悦地
I
amuse
myself
with
reading.
我以读书自娱。
Sally
was
amused，but
I
was
very
embarrassed.
萨莉很开心，但我却很尴尬。
He
was
amused
to
see
how
seriously
she
took
the
game.
他看见她玩这个游戏十分认真的样子，觉得好笑。
He
told
an
amusing
story
as
a
lead in
to
the
serious
part
of
his
speech.
他讲了一则有趣的故事，作为他演说中重要内容的引子。
I
find
amusement
in
collecting
stamps.
我发现了集邮的乐趣。
To
our
amusement
the
actor
jumped
on
and
off
the
stage.
使我们感到好笑的是，那个演员从舞台上跳上跳下。
Her
eyes
twinkled
with
amusement.
她的眼睛闪耀着愉悦的光芒。
（2）the
ability
to
do
干……的能力
Man
has
the
ability
to
speak.
人有说话的能力。
The
system
has
the
ability
to
run
more
than
one
program
at
the
same
time.
该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。
不定式可修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等的抽象名词。
Thank
you
for
giving
me
the
chance
to
speak
here.
感谢你给我机会在此发言。
Sorry，I'm
very
busy
at
the
moment.I
have
no
time
to
spare.
对不起，我现在很忙，匀不出时间。
完成句子
（1）想到这会儿他们可能正在谈论他，他就觉得好笑。
______
______
______
to
think
that
they
were
probably
talking
about
him
at
that
very
moment.
答案：It
amused
him/He
was
amused
用amuse的适当形式完成句子
（2）We
were
all
______
by
his
foolish
behaviour.
答案：amused
（3）I
had
an
______
experience
last
year.
答案：amusing
（4）There
are
many
______
in
big
cities.
答案：amusements
（5）The
children
______
themselves
by
playing
games.
答案：amused
单项选择
（6）Don't
worry
about
him，for
he
has
the
ability
______
the
problem
well.
A．working
out B．of
working
out
C．to
work
out
D．worked
out
答案：C 解析：ability常接to
do作定语，表示“做……的能力”。
18．He
hopes
to
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
other
famous
comedians，such
as
Bob
Hope
and
George
Burns，who
lived
to
be
100
years
old
and
kept
working
until
nearly
the
end
of
their
lives.（Page
3，Lines
46 48）
他希望效仿鲍勃·霍普和乔治·伯恩斯等著名单口喜剧明星，他们都活到了一百岁，并且一直工作到生命的最后时期。
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
走……的道路，照……的样子做（＝follow
in
sb.'s
footsteps）
If
you
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
Tom，you
will
end
up
in
prison.
如果你跟着汤姆学，早晚会进监狱。
He
followed
in
his
father's
footsteps
and
became
a
scientist.
他追随父亲的脚步，成了一名科学家。
联想拓展
follow构成的常用短语还有：
follow
on
继续下去
follow
through
坚持
follow（sth.）up
对……采取进一步行动；继续追查
follow
out
把……追究到底，贯彻，执行
同义句转换
（1）He
works
in
the
factory，following
in
his
father's
footsteps.
He
works
in
the
factory，______
______
______
______of
his
father.
答案：following
in
the
footsteps
完成句子
（2）You
go
to
the
beach
with
the
children
and
I'll______
______（随后）when
I
finish
the
work.
答案：follow
on
（3）The
police
take
people's
statements
and
then
______
them
______（继续追查）．
答案：follow；up
19．Laughing
helps
your
body
stay
healthy
and
can
even
help
you
fight
pain.（Page
3，Line
54）
笑有助于保持身体健康，还能减轻疼痛。
在本句中，作主语的是动名词laughing，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Drinking
enough
water
will
improve
your
skin
and
give
you
healthy
hair.
足量饮水会改善你的肌肤，并让你拥有健康的头发。
Eating
more
fruit
makes
me
feel
better.
多吃水果让我感觉好多了。
Going
to
the
gym
is
a
good
way
to
keep
healthy
and
strong.
去健身馆是保持身强体健的好办法。
联想拓展
动名词作主语的用法：
动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作（在口语中也可以表示具体的动作）。
Seeing
is
believing.眼见为实。
Helping
her
is
my
duty.帮助她是我的责任。
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
（1）动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
Playing
tricks
on
others
is
something
we
should
never
do.
捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。
Talking
is
easier
than
doing.
说比做容易。
（2）用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词结构移至句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，像It
is
useless/worth/no
good/no
use/no
sense
doing
sth.等。
It
is
useless
trying
to
argue
with
Tom.
和汤姆争辩没有什么用。
It's
no
sense
arguing
with
her.
和她争吵没有意思。
动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：
Learning
new
words
is
very
important
for
me.
学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
（1）Talking
______（mend）no
holes.
答案：mends
（2）______（walk）is
a
good
form
of
exercise.
答案：Walking
（3）Is
it
any
good
______（try）to
explain
答案：trying
单项选择
（4）—What
do
you
think
made
her
so
upset
—______
her
new
car.
A．Lose
B．Lost
C．To
lose
D．Losing
答案：D 解析：答语应该是“...her
new
car
made
her
so
upset.”缺主语，故此处应为动名词作主语。
20．When
he
passed
away
in
1996，millions
of
Americans
mourned
his
death.（Page
5）
他在1996年去世时，数百万美国人沉痛哀悼他的逝世。
pass
away
去世，亡故
The
old
man
passed
away
peacefully.
这位老人安详地死去。
My
grandma
passed
away
last
year.
我奶奶去年去世了。
联想拓展
（1）pass
away
还有“停止，消逝；（时间）过去，消磨（时间）”的意思。
As
soon
as
the
sun
comes
out，the
mist
will
pass
away.
太阳一出来，雾就会消失。
Ten
days
passed
away
and
still
there
was
no
news
about
them.
十天过去了，但仍然没有他们的消息。
（2）关于pass
的其他短语：
pass
by
过去，逝去
Several
weeks
passed
by
and
she
didn't
come
back.
几个星期过去了，她没回来。
pass
by
sb./sth.通过，经过某人/某物
The
procession
passed
right
by
my
front
door.
队伍正好从我家前门经过。
pass
sth.down
流传某事物，使某事物世代相传
The
tradition
has
been
passed
down
for
hundreds
of
years.
这一传统已传了几百年。
pass
off
事情过去；（疼痛、药效）逐渐消失
The
symptom
should
pass
off
within
24
hours.
症状应该在24小时内消失。
pass
sth.on
传递，传给
Pass
the
book
on
to
me
when
you've
finished
with
it.
那本书你看完给我。
pass
sb.on
to
sb.把某人交给他人；安排他人接手
I'm
afraid
I
can't
answer
your
question，but
I'll
pass
you
on
to
my
colleague.
恐怕我不能回答你的问题，不过我可以请我的同事回答你。
pass
out
昏迷，失去知觉
He
almost
passed
out
with
the
pain.
他痛得快要昏迷了。
pass
through
sth.经历，遭受
She
passed
through
a
difficult
period
after
her
divorce.
她离婚之后一度备受煎熬。
单项选择
（1）Alice
was
very
sorry
to
hear
that
her
grandmother
had
______
two
days
before.
A．broken
off B．passed
off
C．given
away
D．passed
away
答案：D 解析：句意为：“爱丽丝听到两天前她祖母去世的消息，感到很难过。”pass
away“去世，亡故”。故选D项。
（2）Folk
music
has
been
______
from
one
generation
______.
A．pass
over；to
the
other
B．passed
down；to
another
C．passing
out；to
others
D．passed
away；to
one
答案：B 解析：pass
sth.
down
from
one
generation
to
another“把某物一代代传下去”。
提示：用最精练的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。
