2018届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测01(冠词)──考点练与思
冠词虽然不是高考的热点和重点,但是一旦考到,失分率还是比较高的。根据对近年来的高考试题研究,我们把常考点归纳如下
练一练1
①—How
about
_______
party
—Cool!
It
was
really
_______
great
fun!
Pity
you
weren't
there.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
/
D.
a;
/
【答案与解析】
C。句意“那次聚会怎么样?”“好极啦!确实很有意思。可惜你没有参加。”聚会是对话双方都知道的事,
所以是特指,用定冠词。fun为不可数名词,表示泛指时不用冠词。故答案为C。
②Recently
people
have
made
great
progress
in
using
_______
power
of
nature
to
produce
_______
electricity.
A.
a;
the
B.
/;
/
C.
the;
/
D.
a;
an
【答案与解析】
③Corruption
is
_______
problem
in
countries
across
the
world,
with
developing
countries
often
believed
to
be
more
serious,
although
there
is
no
evidence
to
suggest
this
is
_______
case.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
the
D.
a;
a
【答案与解析】
A。第一空泛指的是“一个问题”,第二空指的是上文说的情况,应为特指。故选A。句意腐败是一个
全世界国家的问题,发展中国家被认为尤为严重,虽然没有证据表明情况是这样。第一空是泛指“一个问
题”,第二空是特指上文的情况,所以选A。
④—You
are
really
crazy
about
music!
—Sort
of.
I
always
find
in
music
_______
peace
which
is
missing
in
_______
world
full
of
challenges.
A.
/;
the
B.
/;
a
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
【答案与解析】
D。句意“你对音乐很着迷!”“有点,我总是在音乐中发现在充满挑战的世界中是缺少的宁静。”第一空
填the,特指“在充满挑战的世界中是缺少的宁静”,第二空填a,泛指“一个充满挑战的世界”,选D。
⑤Early
in
_______
morning
word
came
that
Mr.
Black
had
been
elected
_______
president
of
the
company.
A.
a;
不填
B.
the;
不填
C.
a;
the
D.
不填;
the
【答案与解析】B。第一空用定冠词the特指消息传来的那个早晨。第二空后的president是一个独一无二
的职位,单独使用在句中作表语或者补足语,故B正确。句意一大早传来消息说布莱克先生已经被选为公司的总裁。
⑥We
can
imagine
_______
city
like
Beijing
in
_______
year
2030
will
be
more
crowded
than
it
is
now.
A.
the;不填
B.不填;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】
思一思考点1冠词的基本用法
练一练2
(1)
①—What
do
you
think
we
should
do
after
dinner
—Why
don't
we
get
_______
beer
at
the
Karaoke
bar
down
the
street
It
is
kind
of
_______
fun
to
hear
all
the
band
singing.
A.
a;
/
B.
a;
a
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】A。句意“你认为我们晚饭后应该做什么?”“为什么不到街上的卡拉OK喝杯啤酒呢?听到所有的乐队
唱歌是一种乐趣。”口语中表示一杯啤酒的时候啤酒可数,冠词用a,fun是不可数名词
不加冠词,选A。
②Cooking
calls
for
_______
patience
and
time
but
it
is
_______
enjoyable
experience.
A.
a;
the
B.
不填;
an
C.
the;
an
D.
a;
不填
【答案与解析】
B。句意烹调需要耐心和时间,但这是一种有趣的体验。call
for“需要,要求”;enjoyable“快乐的,
有乐趣的,有趣的,愉快的”。第一空后的名词patience为不可数名词且为泛指,故用零冠词;第二空后
的experience在此意为“体验,经历”为可数名词的单数,故其前需加不定冠词,又因形容词enjoyable
是以元音音素开头的词,故需用不定冠词an。
③Whether
the
children
have
_______
fun
in
school
has
become
_______
public
concern.
A.
/;a
B.
/;
/
C.
the;the
D.
the;
a
【答案与解析】
A。句意孩子们在学校过得是否开心这个问题已经成为公众关心的事情。第一个空,抽象名词前不用冠
词;第二个空,抽象名词前一般不加不定冠词,但如果表示具体的人或物,这类名词已经转化为可数名词,其前可用不定冠词,选A。
④Many
lifestyle
patterns
do
such
_______
great
harm
to
health
that
they
actually
speed
up
_______
weakening
of
the
human
body.
A.
a;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
/;
/
【答案与解析】
(2)
①In
_______
1870’s
Marx
found
it
important
to
study
_______
situation
in
Russia.
A.
a;
the
B.
an;
a
C. /
;
/
D.
the;
the
【答案与解析】
D。句意在十九世纪七十年代马克思发现研究俄罗斯的形势很重要。第一空填the,in
the
1870’s是词组
意为“在十九世纪七十年代”,第二空填the,特指“俄罗斯的形势”,选D。
②—Which
of
the
two
souvenirs
do
you
like
better
—_______
blue
one.
of
course.
I
think
it’s
really
_______
most
instructive
one.
A.
A;the
B.
The;the
C.
The;a
D.
A;a
【答案与解析】
C。句意“这两个纪念品你更喜欢哪一个?”“当然是蓝色的那个。我认为那个非常有教育意义。”根据上
文可知此处是特指两个纪念品中蓝色的一个。最高级的使用需要有三者以上的范围,由此可知后面的most
不是最高级,而表示“非常”的意思,故答案选C。
③_______
taller
of
the
two
girls
is
my
daughter
who
was
made
_______
monitor
yesterday.
A.
The;
the
B.
The;
/
C.
A;
a
D.
A;
/
【答案与解析】
B。the
taller
of
the
two
girls特指“两个女孩中较高的那一个”;monitor是独一无二的职务。故不用冠词。句意两个女孩中较高的那一个是我的女儿,她昨天才当选为班长。
④—Mom,
I’m
sorry
to
tell
you
I
failed
_______
maths
test.
—Don’t
lose
heart.
But,
given
_______
second
chance,
you
are
supposed
to
pass.
A.
the;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】B。句意“妈妈,很抱歉告诉你我没有通过数学考试。”“别灰心,但是,如果再有一次机
会,你应该会通过的。”第一空填the,特指双方都知道的数学考试,第二空填a,a
second
chance“另外一
个机会”,所以选B。
⑤Li
Na,
_______
most
famous
Chinese
tennis
player,
narrowly
missed
the
championship
in
Australia
for
_______
second
time.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
a
C.
a;
/
D.
/;
the
【答案与解析】
⑥He
wants
to
see
_______
much
stronger
China
within
_______
rest
of
his
life.
A.
/;
a
B.
a;
/
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】
D。句意他希望在他的余生能够看到一个更强大的中国。第一空表示泛指“一个更强大的中国”;第二
空表示特指“生命中剩余的时间”,另外the
rest
of为固定短语。
(3)
①—Is
Tony
the
student
awarded
at
the
graduation
ceremony
in
your
class
—There
is
_______
Tony,
but
I’m
afraid
he
isn’t
_______
one
you
mentioned.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
a
C.
/,
the
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】
D。句意“托尼是你们班在毕业典礼上获奖的学生吗?”
“有一个叫托尼的,但是恐怕不是你提到的那个。”
第一空填a,是泛指,第二空填the,the
one特指the
student,选D。
②It
is
reported
that
_______
recently
discovered
painting
may
be
_______
Van
Goph.
A.
the;
不填
B.
a;
the
C.
a;
不填
D.
the;
a
【答案与解析】
思一思考点2冠词的特殊用法
(1)物质名词、抽象名词的具体化
(2)与数词(特别是序数词)、比较级、最高级连用的冠词
(3)与人名连用的冠词
练一练3
①The
person
in
_______
charge
of
the
program
was
at
_______
complete
loss
when
the
incident
happened.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
不填;
a
C.
the;
不填
D.
the;
a
【答案与解析】
B。in
charge
of固定短语“负责”;at
a
loss固定短语“茫然不知所措”。句意当事故发生时,负责该项
目的那个人根本已经完全茫然不知所措了。
②The
development
of
industry
has
been
_______
gradual
process
throughout
_______
human
existence
from
stone
tools
to
modern
technology.
A.
/
;
the
B.
the
;
a
C.
a
;
/
D.
a;
a
【答案与解析】
C。第一空process是可数名词,第一次出现一般用不定冠词,且此次表示“一个”的概念;第二空existence
是不可数名词,其此处表示抽象概念,故用零冠词。句意从石器时代到现代技术时代的人类历史长河中,
工业的发展是一个循序渐进的过程。
思一思考点3零冠词(不用冠词的情况)
练一练4
①Japan
has
been
trying
to
bring
its
nuclear
crisis
under
_______
control,
but
_______
spread
of
radiation
has
raised
concerns
about
the
safety
of
the
nuclear
energy.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
the
D.
a;
/
【答案与解析】
C。句意日本一直尽力把核危机控制住,但是核放射的蔓延已经引起了对于核能安全的关注。第一空under
control是固定短语,意为“被控制”;第二空表特指,特指日本核放射的蔓延。
②—Would
you
mind
giving
your
advice
on
how
to
improve
our
business
management
—If
you
make
_______
most
of
the
modern
equipment,
there
will
be
_______
rise
in
production.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
a
D.
the;
不填
【答案与解析】
B。句意“你介意就怎样改进我们的企业管理发表一下你的看法吗?”“如果你充分利用现代化设施,产
量将会提高。”第一空处考查固定搭配,make
the
most/best
of“充分利用”;第二空处为习惯搭配,rise指
(金额、数量、强度或工资的)增加a
rise
in
the
price
of
meat/the
value
of
the
dollar/the
average
temperature肉
类价格的上涨/美元的升值/平均温度的升高。易错选C。是对“充分利用make
full
use
of=make
the
best/most
of”这一短语识记错误造成的误选。
③Jane’s
grandmother
had
wanted
to
write
_______
children’s
book
for
many
years,
but
one
thing
or
another
always
got
in
_______
way.
A.
a;不填
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;the
D.
a;
the
【答案与解析】
④Minister
Bill
De
Blasio
had
been
in
_______
office
fewer
than
48
hours
when
he
came
face
to
face
with
his
biggest
challenge
in
his
life.
A.
an
B.
不填
C.
the
D.
any
【答案与解析】
B。in
office执政;in
the
office在办公室。句意比尔·白思豪部长上任不到48小时就得面对人生中最大
的挑战。选B项。
思一思考点4与名词的固定搭配2018届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测02(名词)──考点练与思
江苏卷对名词的考查,几乎涉及不到名词所有格的问题,而将名词的数放在主谓一致里进行考查,将抽象名词向个体名词的转换和冠词结合考查。除此而外,考查的重点则落在名词的词义辨析上。
练一练1
①—
Can
you
tell
us
your
_______
for
happiness
and
a
long
life
—
Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
A.
recipe
B.
record
C.
range
D.
receipt
【答案与解析】A。
②It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time
,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
_______.
A.
condition
B.
income
C.
credit
D.
status
【答案与解析】C。
句意准时付电费很重要,因为晚付了会影响你的信用。condition条件;
income收入;credit学分,信用
(卡)。根据句意故选C。
③A
worldwide
_______
to
healthier
diets
is
one
of
many
actions
that
need
to
be
taken
to
avoid
dangerous
climate
change.
A.
shift
B.
admission
C.
witness
D.
response
【答案与解析】A。
shift变化;admission承认,准许进入;witness目击者,见证人;response反应,回答,答复。名词词组
shift
to
转化于动词词组shift
to。例如I've
been
long
enough
in
this
job
and
I'm
going
to
shift
to
a
new
one.
这
份工作我干的时间太长了,所以我想换一份新工作。句意为了避免危险的气候变化,需要采取的许多行
动之一就是全球转向更加健康的饮食。
④The
company
has
got
_______
from
many
users
both
at
home
and
abroad
for
top-quality
products
and
services.
A.
benefit
B.
apology
C.
credit
D.
envy
【答案与解析】C。
benefit利益,好处;apology道歉,make
an
apology
to
sb.
for
sth.
因某事向某人道歉;credit信誉,信用,
get
credit
for因……而得到好评;envy羡慕,嫉妒,妒忌。句意该公司因为其优质的产品和服务而得到
国内外用户的好评。故选C项。
⑤Recycling,
in
its
broadest
_______,
refers
to
the
remaking
of
waste
products
and
other
used
materials
for
practical
purposes.
A.
sight
B.
sense
C.
size
D.
space
【答案与解析】B。
句意回收利用,在其最广泛的意义上是指把废弃的产品和其它用过的材料加以改造以达到实用的目的。
sight视觉,视力;sense意识;size
尺寸,大小;space空间。故选B项。
⑥—I
really
admire
the
people
full
of_______.
I’m
always
tired.
—You’d
better
take
more
exercise.
A.
power
B.
strength
C.
force
D.
energy
【答案与解析】D。
⑦The
building
has
been
specially
designed
to
provide
easy
_______
for
people
in
wheelchairs.
A.
road
B.
means
C.
way
D.
access
【答案与解析】D。
句意这栋大楼专门设计让坐轮椅的人很容易通行。access通路,(接近的)方法,符合句意。road道路;
means方法;way方法,方式。
⑧That
car
accident
_______
all
his
life.
After
that
he
was
limited
to
a
wheelchair.
A.
damaged
B.
destroyed
C.
harmed
D.
ruined
【答案与解析】D。
句意这次交通事故毁了他的一生,在那之后,他就被限制在了轮椅上(他不得不坐着轮椅)。damage损坏
(程度较轻);destroy严重损坏(程度较重,多指事物的损坏);harm对……有害;ruin毁灭。此处应是交通
事故。故选D。
⑨The
missing
Malaysia
Airlines
Flight
MH370
was
officially
declared
an
_______
and
it
was
a
difficult
moment
for
all.
A.
issue
B.
affair
C.
event
D.
accident
【答案与解析】D。
issue发行物、问题;affair事项;event项目,事件;accident事故。句意官方宣称马航MH370航班的
失踪是一场事故,这是一个对所有人来说都很难受的时刻。故选D。
⑩Will
the
diligent
actor’s
_______
of
the
hero
win
your
heart
A.
revision
B.
edition
C.
version
D.
explanation
【答案与解析】C。revision修订,修改;edition版次,版本;version版本,译文,译本;explanation解释。本题最容易用排
除法把BC答案都去掉,因为它们都含有“版本”的意思。其实两个词的意义有很大的区别version的英
文解释为
a
copy
of
something
that
has
been
changed
so
that
it
is
slightly
different,而edition的英文解释为
the
copies
of
a
book,
newspaper
etc.
that
are
produced
and
printed
at
the
same
time。其区别在于version
包含有转
化过程,比如翻译过程,一本书有中文版,后来有了English
version。一个话剧后来出了电影,也叫movie
version。而edition
只包含修改、补充过程,大体上原封不动,没有conversion(转化)过程。本句中是指“演
员对那个英雄角色的演绎版本”,所以选C。句意那位爱拼演员的英雄版打动了你的心吗?
思一思考点1词义辨别的考查
在具体语境中,准确识别名词的词义和准确辨别某些同义、近义词的区别等。
练一练2
①Any
help
from
you
will
be
greatly
appreciated.
Please
give
me
a
reply
at
your
earliest
_______.
A.
interruption
B.
instruction
C.
consideration
D.
convenience
【答案与解析】D。
②There
is
no
_______
in
going
to
school
for
the
students
merely
to
learn
some
facts.
A.
doubt
B.
mind
C.
point
D.
wonder
【答案与解析】C。
固定句式There
is
no
point
in
doing
sth.
表示“做……是没有意义/没有必要的”。There
is
no
doubt
that(从
句)…毫无疑问……。句意只是让学生学到一些事实那么就没有必要让他们去学校读书。
③—Li
Lin
is
very
bright
and
studies
hard
as
well.
—It’s
no
_______
he
always
gets
the
first
place
in
any
examination.
A.
question
B.
doubt
C.
problem
D.
wonder
【答案与解析】D。
it’s
no
wonder
(+that从句)的意思是“难怪……”,也可说成
No
wonder
(+that从句)。句意“李林非常聪
明,学习有刻苦。”“无论那次考试难怪他总是得第一。”
④According
to
the
new
government
plans,
peasants'
children
have
equal
_______
to
public
schools
in
the
city
at
present.
A.
access
B.
approach
C.
method
D.
entrance
【答案与解析】A。
access进入方法,接近,和to搭配,have
access
to有权利做/得到……,能够进入……;approach和to搭
配,“……的方法”;
method
表示做事的具体方法;entrance入口,和to搭配。句意目前根据政府新的
计划,农民的孩子有平等的机会进入城市的公立学校就读。故选A。
⑤We
can
see
monuments
here
and
there.
Those
who
have
made
great
_______
to
human
beings
and
society
will
never
be
forgotten.
A.
advances
B.
progress
C.
contributions
D.
achievements
【答案与解析】C。
make
great
contributions
to
为……作出巨大贡献……。句意我们到处都可以看见纪念碑。那些为人类和社会做出过重大贡献的人是永远也不会被忘记的。advance前进,进步;make
great
progress取得巨大进步;
achievement“成就,成绩”多与介词for连用。
⑥The
article
in
The
Times
gave
us
a
real
_______
into
the
cause
of
the
present
economic
crisis.
A.
enquiry
B.
admission
C.
insight
D.
division
【答案与解析】C。
⑦The
rising
admission
prices
of
scenic
attractions
may
cast
a
_______
over
your
plans
for
the
coming
holiday.
A.
shame
B.
shelter
C.
shadow
D.
shade
【答案与解析】C。
shame羞愧,羞辱;shelter避难所,遮蔽;cast
a
shadow
over给……笼罩上阴影;shade遮阳,遮棚,挡风
物,玻璃罩,(画的)阴暗部分。句意景区门票价格的上涨也许会给你即将到来的度假计划笼罩上阴影。
⑧He
decided
to
adopt
a
different
_______
to
teaching
the
language
in
a
natural
way.
A.
method
B.
means
C.
way
D.
approach
【答案与解析】D。
这几个词都有“方法”的意思,但是搭配不同method后面接of
doing或with;
means
of
doing
sth.;way
to
do
或of
doing;approach
to
doing。所以选D。句意他决定采纳一种不同的教学方式——以一种自然的方式
来教这门语言。
思一思考点2
固定搭配的考查
准确识别固定句型中的名词、名词与动词的搭配以及名词与介词的搭配。
练一练3
①Perhaps
the
most
visible
sign
of
the
_______
of
private
wealth
in
China
tries
hard
not
to
be
visible
at
all-the
private
bodyguard.
A.
introduction
B.
explosion
C.
immigration
D.
investment
【答案与解析】B。
②It’s
supposed
to
be
the
end
of
the
paperback
and
the
_______
of
digital
media,
but
some
bookstores
are
surviving
the
Internet
age
with
surprising
success.
A.
deadline
B.
dawn
C.
dusk
D.
departure
【答案与解析】B。
句意这本该是平装书本的终结之时,数字媒体时代的到来之际。但是有些实体书店却在互联网时代中生
存了下来,意外地获得了成功。deadline截止日期;dawn黎明,曙光;dusk黄昏;departure离开。Dawn
熟词生义,表示“出现,到来”,故选B。
③For
the
final
_______
of
our
journey,
we
decided
to
take
the
coach.
A.
leg
B.
round
C.
distance
D.
path
【答案与解析】A。
leg在该句中为熟词生义,其意思实为行程;赛跑。如The
last
leg
of
our
trip
was
the
most
tiring.我们旅
行的最後一段行程最累人。句意旅程的最后一段,我们决定乘坐大巴。
④Fine
violins
by
skilled
old
Italians
can
_______
hundreds
of
thousands
of
dollars,
and
prices
still
keep
rising.
A.
withdraw
B.
fetch
C.
deposit
D.
charge
【答案与解析】B。
fetch在此处是“售得”的意思,熟词生义。句意由意大利技艺娴熟老人制造的上等小提琴可以买到几
十万美元。而且价格还在上升中。withdraw撤退,撤走,拿走;deposit储蓄,寄存,放置,安置,付保证
金;charge装载,控诉,使充电,索价。
⑤We
were
all
agreed
that
the
cottage
would
_______
a
perfect
holiday
home
for
the
family.
A.
make
B.
turn
C.
take
D.
have
【答案与解析】A。
句意我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make在此为熟词生义,表示“适合做,宜用作”,
符合题意。
⑥The
crowd,
which
had
been
_______
for
the
first
half
of
the
race,
had
now
grown
considerably.
A.
big
B.
thin
C.
silent
D.
excited
【答案与解析】B。
thin熟词生义指(人群、观众)稀少的,稀疏的。句意比赛前半段观众还稀稀拉拉的,现在明显增多了。
思一思考点3熟词生义的考查
这一块防不胜防,要靠平时的积累才行。