话题素材——语言与文化
好词
1.communicate
vi.
交际；交流 2.misunderstand
vi.
误解；误会3.complicated
adj.
复杂的
4.gesture
n.
手势
5.sensitive
adj.
敏感的
6.convey
vt.
表达；传递
7.facial_expression
面部表情
8.express
one's
feelings
表达某人的感情
9.tell
the
difference
of
说出……的区别
10.arouse_one's_dislike
引起某人的反感
11.put
sb.
at
ease
让某人放轻松
12.body_language
肢体语言
13.keep
a
distance
of
保持……的距离
14.shake_hands_with_sb.
与某人握手
15.get
sth.
across
to
sb.
使某人理解某事
佳句
1.It_goes_without_saying_that
a
smile
can
help
us
get_through
difficult
situations
and
find
friends
in
a
world
full
of
strangers.
毫无疑问，微笑能够帮助我们渡过难关，并帮助我们在一个充满陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
2.To_avoid_such_conflicts,_we
should
be
kind
to
one
another
and
“do_as_Romans_do”．
为了避免这样的冲突，我们应彼此善待对方，并做到“入乡随俗”。
3.Having_a_good_command_of_different_body_languages
is
of
great
use
for
us
to
communicate
with
foreigners
more
conveniently.
掌握不同的肢体语言有助于我们更方便地与外国人交流。
[精美语篇]
As
we
have
more
communication
with
foreigners,
we
should
pay
more
attention
to
the
differences
in
our
body
language.
As
we
see
from
the
table,
many
differences
exist
between
Chinese
and
American
body
language.
For
example,
there
are
more
touching
gestures
in
China
than
in
America.
Women
or
girls
in
China
often
walk
hand－in－hand,
which
is
very
rare
in
America.
Also,
Americans
think
it
rude
to
put
out
one's
tongue,
while
the
Chinese
often
use
this
gesture
when
they
are
embarrassed.
Furthermore,
Chinese
people
will
pat
children
on
the
head
if
they
like
them,
while
the
Americans
do
so
to
offer
encouragement
or
comfort.
In
a
word,
only
by
fully
understanding
all
the
differences
in
body
language
can
we
expect
to
achieve
proper
communication.
高频单词
1．represent
(vt.)
代表；象征→representative
(adj.)
有代表性的
(n.)
代表；典型
2．adult
(n.)
成人；成年人
(adj.)
成人的；成熟的
3．function
(n.)
作用；功能；职能
(vi.)
起作用；运转
4．ease
(n.)
安逸；舒适
(vt.)
减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
5．false
(adj.)
错误的；假的
6．rank
(n.)
等级；军衔
7．dash
(vi.)
猛冲；突进
8．approach
(vt.&vi.)
接近；靠近；走近
(n.)
接近；方法；途径
9．association
(n.)
社团；联系；联想→associate
(vt.)
把……联系起来10．curious
(adj.)
好奇的→curiously
(adv.)
好奇地→curiosity
(n.)
好奇；好奇心
11．defend
(vt.)
保护；保卫→defence
(n.)
防御；保卫→defensive(adj.)防御性的
12．major
(adj.)
主要的→majority
(n.)
大多数；大部分
13．misunderstand
(vt.)
误解；误会→misunderstanding
(n.)
误解；误会→misunderstood
(过去式/过去分词)
14．spoken
(adj.)
口语的→unspoken
(反义词)
(adj.)未说出口的；非口语的
15．truly
(adv.)
真实地；真诚地；真正地→true
(adj.)
真实的→truth
(n.)
事实；真理
16．statement
(n.)
陈述；说明→state
(vt.)
声明；陈述→state
(n.)
状态；州；国家
17．simply
(adv.)
简单地；只→simple
(adj.)
简单的；朴素的→simplify
(vt.)
简化
18．anger
(n.)
怒气；怒火→angry
(adj.)
生气的→angrily
(adv.)
愤怒地；生气地
19．greet(vi.&vt.)
迎接；问候→greeting
(n.)
迎接；问候；招呼
20．subjective
(adj.)
主观的→subject
(n.)
学科；主观事物→objective
(反义词)
(adj.)
客观的
21．facial
(adj.)
面部的→face
(n.)
脸；面部
重点短语
1．defend..._against 防御；保卫……以免受……
2．be_likely_to
很可能……；有希望……
3．in_general
总的来说；通常
4．at_ease
舒适；快活；自由自在
5．lose_face
丢脸
6．turn_one's_back_to
背对
7．in_defence
防御；保卫
8．on_the_contrary
相反
9．be_nervous_about
对……感到紧张
10．in_most_cases
在大多数情况下
热点句型
1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
What
Do_you_think
(你认为)
is
the
purpose
of
language
(教材P25)
2．动词不定式作后置定语
The_first_person_to_arrive
(第一个到达的人)
was
Tony
Garcia
from
Colombia,
closely
followed
by
Julia
Smith
from
Britain.
(教材P26)
3．not
all...表示部分否定
Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way
(各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同),
nor
are
they
comfortable
in
the
same
way
with
touching
or
distance
between
people.
(教材P26)
4.(sb./sth.)
be
likely
to
do
sth.(某人或某物)可能做某事
However,
people
from
places
like
Spain,
Italy
or
South
American
countries
approach
others
closely
and
are_more_likely_to_touch
(很可能接触)
them.
(教材P26)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I
saw
several
young
people
enter
the
waiting
area
________
(look)
around
curiously.
答案：looking
2．These
actions
are
not
good
or
bad,
________
are
simply
ways
________
which
cultures
have
developed.
答案：but;
in
3．When
Darlene
Coulon
from
France
came
________
(dash)
through
the
door,
she
recognized
Tony
Garcia's
smiling
face.
答案：dashing
4．Yesterday,
another
student
and
I,
________
(represent)
our
university's
student
association
went
to
the
Capital
International
Airport
to
meet
this
year's
international
students.
答案：representing
5．She
stepped
back
________
(appear)
surprised
and
put
up
her
hands,
as
if
________
defence.
答案：appearing;
in
6．I
stood
for
a
minute
________
(watch)
them
and
then
went
to
greet
them.
答案：watching
7．Body
language
is
one
of
________
most
powerful
means
of
communication,
often
even
more
powerful
than
________
(speak)
language.
答案：the;
spoken
8．________
(nod)
the
head
up
and
down
________
(use)
for
agreement
almost
worldwide.
答案：Nodding;
is
used
9．In
almost
every
culture
________
is
not
good
to
stand
too
close
to
someone
of
a
________
(high)
rank.
答案：it;
higher
10．Standing
at
a
little
distance
with
open
hands
will
show
________
I
am
willing
to
listen.
答案：that
1 represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称
Yesterday,
another
student
and
I，representing
our
university's
student
association,
went
to
the
Capital
International
Airport
to
meet
this
year's
international
students.(P26)
昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
归纳拓展
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]You
might
represent_each_letter
with
a
number,
for
example.
Let's
number
the
letters
of
the
alphabet,
in
order,
from
1
to
26.
你可以使用数字来代表每个字母，例如，让我们把字母表中的字母按顺序从1排到26。
②He
was
picked
out
from
the
whole
class
to_represent_them
to
the
other
school.
他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。
③He
represented_himself_as/to_be
an
officer.
他自称是一名军官。
④The
chairman
represented
the
importance
of
the
bill
to
the
audience.
主席向听众说明法案的重要性。
⑤The
association
is
sending
representatives
to
the
conference.
该协会将派代表出席大会。
易混辨析
represent
用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”、“某种标志代表……”、“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是……”和“把某人/物描绘成……”
on
behalf
of
只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”
stand
for
往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征……”
⑥选词填空(represent/on
behalf
of/stand
for)
a．He
accepted
the
invitation
on_behalf_of
the
whole
class.
b．The
letter
A
can
stand_for
several
sounds
in
English.
c．He
was
chosen
to
represent
our
school
at
the
meeting.
2 curious adj.好奇的
Julie
was
curious
to
find
out
more,
so
after
talking
with
her
parents
that
evening,
she
booked
a
flight
to
South
America.(P28)
朱莉想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。
归纳拓展
(1)be
curious
about
对……感到好奇
Be
curious
to_do
sth.
渴望做某事
(2)curiosity
n.
好奇心
out_of
curiosity
出于好奇
meet/satisfy
one's
curiosity
满足某人的好奇心
with
curiosity＝curiously
好奇地
语境助记
①[2016·北京高考]In
high
school,
I
became
curious_about
the
computer,
and
built
my
first
website.
在高中时，我对电脑感到好奇，并且建立了我的第一个网站。
②I'm
curious
to_know
what
has
happened
to
him.
我想知道他发生了什么事。
③The
little
boy,
out_of_curiosity,_took
the
radio
set
apart.
这个小男孩出于好奇把收音机给拆了。
④It
is
good
to
be_curious_about
the
world
around
you
because
I
think
curiosity
is
the
best
teacher.
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。
3 approach vt.&
vi.接近；靠近；走近 n．接近；方法；途径
Tony
approached
Julia，touched
her
shoulder
and
kissed
her
on
the
cheek！(P26)
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了一下她的脸颊！
归纳拓展
(1)at
the
approach
of
在……快要来临的时候
an
approach
to
(doing)
sth.
做某事的方法
(2)approach
sth./sb.
接近，靠近某物/某人
with...approaching
随着……的临近
名师点睛
(1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待……的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。
(2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有：
the
approach
to
(doing)
sth.
the
way
to
do/of
(doing)
sth.
the
means
of
(doing)
sth.
the
method
of
(doing)
sth.
(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with
this
method/in
this
way/by
this
means。
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Approaching
the
vehicle,
they
saw
that
a
woman
was
trying
to
get
out
of
the
broken
window.
他们靠近那辆车，看见一个妇女正努力从破损的窗户向外爬。
②The
time
for
graduation
is_approaching.
毕业的日子即将来临。
③They
took
a
more
reasonable
approach_to_teaching_their_children,_conveying
to
them
how
success
at
school
could
improve
their
lives.
他们采取一种更合理的方法教育他们的孩子，向他们传达在学校成功是如何改善他们的生活的。
④Many
kinds
of
birds
fly
south
at_the_approach_of
winter.
冬季来临之时，许多种鸟往南方飞。
4 defend vt.保护；保卫 defence
n．防御；保卫
She
stepped
back
appearing
surprised
and
put
up
her
hands,
as
if
in
defence.(P26)
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
归纳拓展
(1)defend
sb./sth.
from/against
sb./sth.
保护某人/某物免受某人/某物的伤害
defend
oneself
against
sth.
为自己辩护
(2)in
defence(of...)
为了保卫(……)
in
sb.'s/sth.'s
defence
为某人/某物辩护；在某人/某物的保护下
语境助记
①[2016·四川高考]They
help
the
body
defend
itself
against
some
kinds
of
infections.
他们帮助身体对抗某种感染。
②Their
duty
is
to
defend_the_country_against
its
enemies.
他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的侵袭。
③It
is
said
that
the
murderer
has
employed
a
famous
lawyer
to_defend_himself.
据说那个杀人犯聘请了一位著名的律师为他辩护。
④All
the
people,
men
and
women,
young
and
old,
were
fighting
against
the
flood
in_defence_of
their
own
homes.
所有的人，无论男女老幼，都与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。
易混辨析
defend
着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯
protect
指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛
guard
强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全
⑤用defend,
protect,
guard的正确形式填空
a．The
sergeant
told
Swift
to
guard
the
entrance
to
the
building.
b．We
must
protect
the
children
from
harm.
c．We
shall
defend
our
country,
whatever
cost
may
be.
图解助记
过关演练
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The
customers
relieved
their
________
(angry)
by
smashing
the
display
window.
答案：anger 考查名词。anger“怒气；怒火”。
2．One's
________
(face)
expression
may
tell
you
some
of
his/her
inner
feelings.
答案：facial 考查形容词。facial
expression“面部表情”。
3．At
the
class
meeting,
the
students
discussed
some
different
approaches
________
the
study
of
English.
答案：to 考查approach的用法。approach后接介词to表示“……的方法”。
4．On
seeing
his
mother,
the
boy
looked
at
her
________
(curious),
as
if
she
were
a
complete
stranger.
答案：curiously 考查词形转换。修饰动词短语，应用副词形式。
5．________
(misunderstand)
by
others
when
you
do
nothing
wrong
at
all
is
quite
a
bad
experience.
答案：Being
misunderstood 考查动名词短语的被动语态作主语。misunderstand与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，且空格处作主语，故填Being
misunderstood。
6．Tom's
not
________
(greet)
his
friend
when
they
met
on
the
street
made
him
very
upset.
答案：greeting 考查动名词的复合结构。分析句子结构可知，该空格应填动名词作主语。
7．My
sister
is
in
Shandong
University,
________
(major)
in
English
literature.
答案：majoring 考查现在分词作状语。major与my
sister之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。
8．It
is
my
dearest
hope
that
one
day
she
will
find
the
happiness
she
________
(true)
deserves.
答案：truly 考查词性转换。修饰动词deserve应用副词，故填truly。
9．The
exhibition
was
organized
by
the
school
in
________
(associate)
with
local
artists.
答案：association 考查名词。in
association
with...
“与……联合”。
10．The
Chinese
mainland
has
157
billionaires
in
2015,
________
(rank)
second
in
the
number
of
billionaires
worldwide.
答案：ranking 考查现在分词作状语。rank
second“排名第二”。
1 be
likely
to
很可能……；有希望……
However,
people
from
places
like
Spain,
Italy
or
South
American
countries
approach
others
closely
and
are
more
likely
to
touch
them.(P26)
不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。
归纳拓展
(1)sb./sth.
be
likely
to_do
sth.
某人/某物可能做某事
It
is
likely
to
do
sth.
做某事是可能的。
It
is
likely
that...
做……是可能的。(主语从句)
Not
likely!
不可能！
(2)unlikely
adj.
不太可能的
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,
you'll
be
less
likely
to_bring
your
work
home.
如果你在办公室之外发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不大可能把工作带回家。
②[2016·天津高考]People
with
start up
fatigue
are
most
likely
to_delay
tasks.
在开始阶段有疲惫感的人们很有可能会推迟任务。
③You
are
likely
to_suffer
from
bad
health
if
you
keep
smoking.
＝It_is_likely
that
you
could
suffer
from
bad
health
if
you
keep
smoking.
如果你继续吸烟，很有可能会健康状况不佳。
④It's
pretty
unlikely
that
they'll
turn
up
now—it's
nearly
ten
o'clock.
他们现在不大可能来了——都快10点了。
易混辨析
likely
指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语
It
is
likely
that...或sb./sth.
is
likely
to...
possible
指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语
It
is
possible
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.或
It
is
possible
that...
probable
probable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。也不能以人作主语
It's
probable
that...不能用It's
probable
for
sb.
to
do这一结构
图解助记
2 in
general
总的来说；通常
In
general，though，studying
international
customs
can
certainly
help
avoid
difficulties
in
today's
world
of
cultural
crossroads！(P26)
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
归纳拓展
(1)general
knowledge
常识
as
a
general
rule
一般而言；通常
(2)generally
adv.
一般地；通常地
generally
speaking
通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)
(3)on
the
whole
总的来说＝in
a
word＝in
short＝in
brief＝all
in
all＝in
general
语境助记
①[2016·四川高考]In_general,_they
can
expect
to
live
six
or
seven
years
more
than
men.
总的来说，她们会比男性多活六、七年。
②Generally
speaking,
parents
care
more
about
their
children's
health
than
about
their
own.
一般来说，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。
③As
a
general
rule,
the
more
expensive
the
computer
is,
the
better
it
is.
一般来说，电脑越贵越好。
3 lose
face
丢脸；失面子
There
are
unhappy
smiles,
such
as
when
someone“loses
face”
and
smiles
to
hide
it.(P30)
还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人“丢脸”时，他们用微笑来掩盖。
归纳拓展
(1)save
one's
face
挽回面子
make
a
face
做个鬼脸
(2)be
faced
with
面对
(3)face_to_face
面对面
in
(the)
face
of
面对(问题、困难、危险等)
语境助记
①You'd
better
make
great
efforts
to
achieve
it,
otherwise
you
will
lose_face.
你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。
②I've
never
met
her
face_to_face.
We've
only
talked
on
the
phone.
我从来没有和她见过面。我们只在电话中交谈过。
③[2016·天津高考]We
should
not
lose
heart
in_face_of_difficulties.
If
we
work
hard,
we
will
find
a
way
out.
在面对困难之时，我们不应该泄气，如果我们继续努力，我们就会找到出路。
④Rather
than
admit
failure,
Frank
made_a_face
in
order
to
save_his_face.弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。
⑤Faced_with_difficulties,_we
never
give
up
but
try
our
best
to
find
a
way
out.
面对困难时，我们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。
4 at
ease
舒适；快活；自由自在
The
most
universal
facial
expression
is,
of
course,
the
smile—its
function
is
to
show
happiness
and
put
people
at
ease.(P30)
微笑当然是最通用的面部表情，它的作用是表达快乐和安人心境。
归纳拓展
(1)with
ease轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look
at
ease感到/看上去心情放松
put
sb.
at
ease使某人放松
take
one's
ease休息；轻松一下
(2)ease
sb.
of
sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
语境助记
①He
didn't
feel
completely
at_ease
in
the
strange
surroundings.
他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。
②When
you
feel
nervous,
you'd
better
listen
to
some
light
music
to_put_yourself_at_ease.
当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松下来。
③He
passed
the
exam
with_ease.
他轻而易举地通过了考试。
④The
medicine
eased_him_of
the
pain.
这药减轻了他的疼痛。
过关演练
选词填空
in
general；
be
likely
to；
turn
one's
back
to；
be
curious
about；
at
ease；
lose
face；
function
as；
defend
against；
as
well
as；
as
if
1．In
order
not
to
________，
he
spent
the
whole
night
preparing
for
the
speech
of
the
next
day.
答案：lose
face
2．________the
things
that
we
don't
know,
we
often
explore
to
satisfy
our
curiosity.
答案：Curious
about
3．I
didn't
see
his
face
clearly
because
he
________
me.
答案：turned
his
back
to
4．At
the
conference,
political
leaders
from
many
countries
promised
to
work
together
________
the
world
________
terrorism
and
other
threats.
答案：to
defend;
against
5．The
library
________
a
temporary
hospital
now
to
cope
with
people
injured
in
the
earthquake.
答案：is
functioning
as
6．When
the
door
was
opened
suddenly,
the
boy
covered
his
head
with
his
hands
________
in
defence.
答案：as
if
7．Look,
dark
clouds
are
gathering
in
the
sky;
it
________
rain
later
on.
答案：is
likely
to
8．________
her
work
has
been
good,
but
this
essay
is
dreadful.
答案：In
general
9．The
pencil box
on
the
desk
________
the
bookmarks
belongs
to
my
little
sister.
答案：as
well
as
10．With
our
work
finished,
we
felt
more
________
than
three
days
ago.
答案：at
ease
The
first
person
to_arrive
was
Tony
Garcia
from
Colombia,
closely
followed
by
Julia
Smith
from
Britain.(P26)
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅·史密斯。
归纳拓展
to
arrive是不定式作后置定语。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next,
only,
last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability,
chance,
ambition,
offer,
anxiety,
answer,
attempt,
way等。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]In
1931,
Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to_win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
在1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女士。
②Zhang
Mengxue
was
the
first
Chinese
athlete
to_win
the
gold
medal
in
the
31th
Olympic
Games.
张梦雪是在第31届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的中国运动员。
③[2016·北京高考]This
affects
their
nervous
systems
and
ability
to_produce
baby
birds,
and
can
lead
to
kidney(肾)
failure
and
death.
这影响了它们的神经系统和繁殖能力，还会导致肾衰竭和死亡。
④The
ability
to_express
an
idea
is
as
important
as
the
idea
itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
⑤Mr
Li
bought
a
comfortable
flat
to_live_in.
李先生买了一套舒适的公寓住。
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Do
you
have
the
ability
________
(read)
and
write
in
English
答案：to
read 考查不定式作定语，修饰抽象名词的用法。句意：你具备用英语读、写的能力吗？
2．With
so
many
destinations
________
(choose)
from,
you
are
bound
to
have
a
good
time
in
your
vacation.
答案：to
choose 考查with的复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾补)。句意：有这么多的目的地可以选择，你在假期一定会玩得很开心。
3．There
is
no
signal
in
that
faraway
village
and
all
my
attempts
________
(contact)
you
failed.
答案：to
contact 考查不定式作定语修饰抽象名词的用法。句意：那个遥远的村庄没有任何标识，我试图联系你的所有努力都失败了。
4．Bill
wasn't
happy
about
the
delay
of
the
report
by
Jason,
and
________
was
I.
答案：neither/nor 考查“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”结构，表示与上文所提到的情况相同，用于上文是否定意义的情况。
5．There's
a
note
pinned
to
the
door
________
(say)
when
the
shop
will
open
again.答案：saying 考查现在分词作定语。句意：门上用大头针钉着一份通知，告诉人们商店何时再开门。a
note与say之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。Ⅱ.完成句子
1．[2016·四川高考]In
fact,
women
are
less
________________
high
blood
pressure
or
to
die
from
heart
attacks.
事实上，妇女们得高血压或死于心脏病的可能性不大。
答案：likely
to
have
2．______________________________，
for
it
is
quite
hard
for
some
of
them.
并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
答案：Not
all
people
are
willing
to
do
such
work
3．Wang
Yaping
has
become
__________________________
in
space.
王亚平已成为第二个在太空工作的中国女宇航员。
答案：the
second
Chinese
astronaut
to
work
动词 ing形式作定语和状语
动词的 ing形式作定语
1.
表示名词的属性、作用或用途。
There
is
a
swimming
pool
in
our
school.
2.
表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。
The
boy
studying
in
the
classroom
is
our
monitor.
(＝The
boy
who
is
studying
in
the
classroom
is
our
monitor.)
3.
当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。
I
was
satisfied
with
the
exciting
speech.
They
lived
in
a
house
facing
south.
动词的 ing形式作状语
动词的 ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。
Turning
around,
I
saw
a
car
driving
up.
Not
knowing
his
telephone
number,
I
couldn't
get
in
touch
with
him.
Working
hard,
you'll
make
great
progress.
The
snow
lasted
a
week,
resulting
in
a
serious
traffic
confusion
in
the
whole
area.
He
came
running
back
to
tell
me
the
news.
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]It
improved
her
________
(live)
conditions.
答案：living 考查现在分词作定语。living
conditions“生活条件”。
2．When
the
clerk
saw
a
kind
face
wrinkled
in
an
apologetic
smile,
she
stood
rooted
to
the
ground,
________
(wonder)
whether
to
stay
or
leave.
答案：wondering 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。she与wonder之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。
3．________
(work)
for
two
days,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
答案：Having
worked 考查分词的完成式作状语。主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，且work先于主句谓语动词发生。
4．Today
there
are
more
airplanes
________
(carry)
more
people
than
ever
before
in
the
skies.
答案：carrying 考查现在分词作定语。句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机更多了，载客量也更大了。airplanes与carry之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
5．Last
night,
there
were
millions
of
people
________
(watch)
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
答案：watching 考查现在分词作定语。句意：昨天晚上，有数百万人在电视上观看开幕式的实况报道。people与watch之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
[2017·湖南岳阳阶段考试]Very
mobile
ears
help
many
animals
direct
their
attention
to
the
rustle
of
a
possible
attacker.
Researchers
say
these
mobile
ears
have
become
a
useful
communication
tool.
Their
studies
of
animal
behaviour
build
up
a
picture
of
how
communication
and
social
skills
developed.
“We're
interested
in
how
they
communicate，”
said
lead
researcher
Jennifer
Wathan.
“And
being
sensitive
to
what
another
individual
is
thinking
is
a
fundamental
skill
from
which
other
more
complex
skills
develop.”
Ms
Wathan
and
her
colleague
Prof
Karen
McComb
set
up
a
behavioural
experiment
where
72
individual
horses
had
to
use
visual
clues
from
another
horse
in
order
to
choose
where
to
feed.
They
led
each
horse
to
a
point
where
it
had
to
select
one
of
two
buckets.
On
a
wall
behind
this
Decision making
spot
was
a
life sized
photograph
of
a
horse's
head
facing
either
to
left
or
right.
In
some
of
the
trials，
the
horses'
ears
or
eyes
were
covered.
If
the
ears
and
eyes
of
the
horse
in
the
picture
were
visible，
the
horses
being
tested
would
choose
the
bucket
towards
which
its
gaze
and
its
ears
were
directed.
If
the
horse
in
the
picture
had
either
its
eyes
or
its
ears
covered,
the
horse
being
tested
would
just
choose
a
feed
bucket
at
random.
Like
many
mammals
that
are
hunted
by
predators
(捕食者),
horses
can
rotate
(旋转)
their
ears
through
almost
180
degrees—but
Ms
Wathan
said
that
in
our
“human centric”
view
of
the
world,
we
had
overlooked
the
importance
of
these
very
mobile
ears
in
animal
communication.
“It
seems
there's
something
in
the
visual
clues—from
both
the
eyes
and
the
ears—that
are
really
important，”
she
told
BBC
News.
“Horses
have
quite
rich
social
lives
and
relationships
with
other
horses,
so
they're
a
good
species
to
look
at
this
in.”
And
the
more
we
look
at
communication
across
different
species,
the
more
we
can
consider
what
might
have
promoted
the
evolution
of
sophisticated
communication
and
social
skills.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，通过研究动物的交流方式，研究人员们发现耳朵也是动物的一种交流工具。
1．Why
does
a
horse
rotate
its
ears
A．To
tell
each
other
where
they
can
go
for
the
buckets.
B．To
be
curious
about
what
the
other
horse
is
thinking.
C．To
warn
the
other
horse
when
an
attacker
is
coming
closer.
D．To
express
its
hope
to
build
up
social
relations
with
others.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章首句可知，马儿转动耳朵的目的是警告另外的马儿，有攻击者正在靠近。
2．Why
did
the
researchers
use
the
life sized
photograph
of
a
horse
in
the
experiment
A．To
help
develop
horses'
complex
skills.
B．To
lead
other
horses
to
feed
themselves.
C．To
make
the
horses
in
the
experiment
excited.
D．To
provide
clues
for
the
horses
in
the
experiment.
答案：D 推理判断题。由第3、4段可知，利用马的图片是为其他的马提供信息交流线索的。
3．Why
are
ears
and
eyes
important
to
horses
A．They
can
find
the
feeding
buckets
more
easily
with
ears
and
eyes.
B．With
ears
and
eyes
they
can
escape
from
dangers
more
easily.
C．With
ears
and
eyes
they
can
communicate
with
other
horses.
D．Horses
have
quite
rich
social
lives
with
ears
and
eyes.
答案：C 细节理解题。由末段前两句可知，马是一种善于交际的动物，马耳朵和眼睛是马保持高度警觉并有效沟通的工具。
4．What
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage
A．Rotary
Ears
Serve
as
Communication
Tools
B．Horses
Have
More
Social
Skills
than
Other
Species
C．Experiments
with
Horses'
Ears
D．Fundamental
Skills
of
Horses
答案：A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了能旋转的马耳朵是马的一种交流工具的研究结果，因此选A项。
1．attacker
n.
攻击者；袭击者；进攻者
2．fundamental
adj.
基本的
3．trial
n.
试验
4．visible
adj.
看得见的；可见的
5．overlook
vt.
忽略；未注意到；远眺
1．build
up
创建；开发；增强；加强
2．at
random
随意地；任意地
B
Everyone
“talks”
with
their
hands
at
least
sometimes.
Some
people's
hand talking
or
gesturing
matches
their
messages
well.
Other
people
like
to
make
overly
large
gestures
that
can
be
confusing.
And
still
others
don't
use
their
hands
much
at
all.
No
matter
which
camp
you
fall
into,
it's
important
to
pay
attention
to
your
hand
gestures
while
you
are
communicating.
And
also
remember
that
hand
gestures
can
have
cultural
meanings.
A
few
years
ago,
I
was
a
speaker
at
a
conference
in
Lisbon,
Portugal.
It
was
my
first
time
in
Portugal,
and
I
became
instantly
fond
of
the
special
custard
pastries(油酥点心)
that
Lisbon
and
Portugal
are
known
for.
One
morning
I
went
into
a
bakery
and
ordered
two
of
the
pastries.
I
did
so
by
holding
up
two
fingers,
similar
to
the
“victory”
or
“peace”
gesture
in
the
United
States.
The
person
behind
the
counter
proceeded
to
put
three
pastries
in
a
box.
I
later
learned
that
the
gesture
for
two
would
have
been
to
raise
my
thumb
and
index
finger.
Even
though
my
thumb
wasn't
showing,
the
person
behind
the
counter
thought
I
was
signaling
for
three.
I
was
lucky
that
I
didn't
get
into
more
trouble
than
an
extra
pastry.
Many
hand
gestures
are
not
universal.
Before
speaking
in
a
country
that
you
are
not
familiar
with，
do
some
research
to
find
out
which
gestures
in
your
presentation
might
be
misunderstood,
not
understood
at
all,
or
rude.
篇章导读：本文作者通过叙述自己在葡萄牙的经历，向读者说明，在不同的文化中相同的手势表示的含义不同，因而每当到了一个不熟悉的国家时，有必要弄清手势表达的意义，以免被误解。
5．Why
did
the
author
go
to
Lisbon,
Portugal
A．To
taste
custard
pastries.
B．To
take
a
holiday.
C．To
attend
a
meeting.
D．To
learn
Portuguese
culture.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，作者到葡萄牙的首都里斯本是为了去参加会议。
6．Which
was
the
gesture
the
author
made
in
the
bakery
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句可知，作者在面包店里所做的手势是伸出两根指头(holding
up
two
fingers)，类似表示胜利或和平的手势。故选B。
7．What
do
we
know
from
the
author's
experience
A．One
should
be
careful
when
ordering
food
in
Portugal.
B．Hand
gestures
may
have
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.
C．The
person
behind
the
counter
understood
the
author's
gesture.
D．The
person
behind
the
counter
cheated
the
author.
答案：B 推理判断题。作者通过自己在葡萄牙的面包店买点心的经历告诉我们，同一手势在不同的文化中表示的含义不同。
1．match
vt.
与……匹配
2.conference
n.
会议
3．counter
n.
柜台
4.universal
adj.
广泛适用的
5．presentation
n.
展示；出示
1．proceed
to
继续下去；进入……
2．be
familiar
with
对……熟悉
Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2017·株洲检测]Here's
what
you
need
to
know
about
the
various
growth
on
your
head.
Brush
100
times
a
day
for
healthier
hair.
Myth(传言)．
This
is
now
known
to
risk
damaging
your
hair.
Brushing
pulls
out
hair
that
isn't
ready
to
fall
out.
__1__.
So
brush
gently
for
styling
only.
Being
stressed
can
make
your
hair
fall
out.
Fact.
Severe
stress
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
your
hair.
All
hair
follicles(头发毛囊)
normally
undergo
periodic
“rest”
periods.
__2__，
and
make
the
hair
fall
out
in
the
three
months
following
the
stressful
event.
Normally
hair
growth
restores
naturally,
but
it's
important
to
deal
with
stress
and
seek
medical
advice
to
rule
out
underlying
illness.
Hair
can
turn
white
with
fright.
Myth.
You
can't
lose
pigment(色素)
in
your
hair
because
hair
is
dead
when
it
leaves
the
head.
__3__，
however.
In
rare
cases
this
can
attack
only
pigmented
hairs,
leaving
gray
and
white
hair
behind.
__4__.
Fact.
When
it's
cold,
Blood
is
transmitted
to
internal
organs
to
maintain
body
temperature,
which
Decreases
blood
flow
to
the
head.
In
warm
weather,
increased
circulation
to
the
skin
benefits
follicle
activity
and
increases
the
rate
of
hair
growth.
Cutting
hair
by
the
moon
speeds
its
growth.
Myth.
Some
people
believe
that
cutting
hair
under
a
waxing
moon
(上弦月)
promotes
growth.
However,
the
universally recognized
fact
is
__5__
at
any
time.
A．Brushing
your
hair
often
is
recommended
B．A
severe
shock
could
cause
hair
to
drop
out
C．hair
does
not
grow
back
more
strongly
after
it's
cut
D．Always
being
angry
will
cause
your
hair
to
fall
down
E．Sudden
stress
can
cause
them
to
enter
this
resting
phase
F．Hair
grows
faster
in
the
summer
G．It
often
breaks
healthy
hairs
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解了几种让头发增长的方法。
1．G
由上下文推断可知，梳头发可能会损害健康的头发，使头发脱落，所以要轻柔地梳头发。故选G。
2．E
根据“Severe
stress
can
have
a
negative
impact
on
your
hair.”可知，压力对头发有不利影响；以及后文提到压力会使头发脱落，故此处说明压力会使头发进入休眠期，符合语境。故选E。
3．B
由“Hair
can
turn
white
with
fright”以及下文可知，惊吓会让头发变白属于传言，但是头发在离开头后色素不会丢失，所以此处应该和“惊吓”有关。故选B。
4．F
根据“In
warm
weather,
increased
circulation
to
the
skin
benefits
follicle
activity
and
increases
the
rate
of
hair
growth.”可知，在温暖的天气中，增加了对皮肤有益的卵泡活性的循环，所以增加了头发的增长速度。故选F。
5．C
前文提到有些人认为在上弦月下剪头发可以促进头发增长，由However可知，此处表示转折，说明头发在剪过之后不会像之前那么粗硬，符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2017·邯郸摸底考试]Why
send
a
greeting
card
when
you
can
send
a
potato
That's
the
reason
behind
one
e commerce
site,
which
mails
actual
__1__
(potato)
with
personalized
messages
from
their
customers
for
$8
to
$10.
offers
customers
the
chance
__2__
(make)
a
friend
laugh
or
lighten
the
mood.
The
company
__3__
(usual)
offers
their
product
in
two
sizes.
For
example,
a
“medium”
potato,
__4__
can
fit
100
characters,
is
first
picked
by
the
senders.
And
then
the
company
writes
their
note
directly
on
the
potato
skin
__5__
a
special
pen.
After
that
the
potato
__6__
(mail)
to
the
receiver
in
a
“tiny
envelope”
from
the
company
in
Texas.
There's
no
cash
__7__
(include)
inside—it
is
just
__8__
actual
potato
with
black
writing.
Past
potato
receivers
have
shared
pictures
of
__9__
own
experiences
with
others
on
social
media.
“The
__10__
(good)
thing
I've
received
in
the
mail！”
wrote
one
young
woman,
who
got
a
potato
from
her
boyfriend.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文讲述的是一种新型的问候方式，在土豆上留言，并通过电子途径发给收件人。
1．potatoes 考查名词。根据空格前为形容词，后为介词可知，此处填名词复数形式(注意变化规则)。
2．to
make 考查非谓语动词。the
chance
to
do
sth.“做某事的机会”，此处为不定式作定语。
3．usually 考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。
4．which 考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语且指物，故用关系代词which。
5．with 考查介词。此处后面为名词，且无提示词，通常为介词，结合语义可知填with，表示凭借某种工具，意为“用……”。
6．is
mailed 考查动词的时态和语态。mail与potato之间为被动关系，且全文用一般现在时，故填is
mailed。
7．included 考查非谓语动词。include与cash之间为被动关系，且位于名词之后，故填included。
8．an 考查冠词。空格前为系动词，空格后为“形容词＋名词”，故此处为冠词，表示泛指，且actual的始发音为元音。故填an。
9．their 考查代词。of
one's
own意为“某人自己的”，结合句子主语，可知填their。
10．best 考查形容词的最高级。空前为the，结合句意可知，此处表示收到的“最好的”东西。
Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)
[2017·皖南八校联考一]假设你是Abby，是学校英文报社“知心学长”栏目主编。一位叫Sophia的学妹来信反映自己有“拖延”的坏习惯。即使她有很多如做作业、弹琴等重要的事要做，也总是不由自主地把时间花在看电视、玩手机等琐事上，为此她非常苦恼。请用英文给她回信，提一些建议。
内容包括：1.拖延的本质；
2.改正的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：procrastination
n．拖延，耽搁
Dear
Sophia，
I
am
glad
to
hear
from
you.
In
a
word,
don't
spoil
yourself.
Although
you
have
a
long
way
to
go,
the
first
step
is
very
essential.
Good
luck!
Yours，
Abby
[标准范文]
Dear_Sophia，
I_am_glad_to_hear_from_you.
To
be
honest,
I
sometimes
have
the
same
experience
as
you.
But
you
have
to
know
that
procrastination
is
the
thief
of
time.
The
following
advice
may
help
you
overcome
it
soon.
The
most
effective
means
to
solve
the
problem
is
that
you
can
make
a
“to
do”
list.
For
example,
you
can
write
“Finish
homework
before
Saturday
night”
on
your
plan.
If
you
manage
to
finish
it,
you
can
reward
yourself.
Otherwise,
punish
yourself.
What's
more,
you
can
find
a
person
to
remind
you
to
finish
work
at
any
time.
Then
you
can
arrange
your
most
important
work
at
efficient
times,
like
8－10
o'clock.
Different
people
base
different
efficient
times.
But
it
doesn't
matter
what
time
it
is.
Just
don't
waste
time,
following
the
schedule
strictly.
Last
but
not
the
least,
do
it
now,
just
from
now.
In_a_word,_don't_spoil_yourself._Although_you_have_a_long_way_to_go,_the_first_step_is_very_essential._Good_luck!
Yours，
Abby话题素材——幽默
好词
1.amusing
adj.
好笑的
2.relaxing
adj.
令人放松的
3.entertain
v.
娱乐；招待4.comedy
n.
喜剧
5.optimistic
adj.
乐观的
6.a_sense_of_humor
幽默感
7.burst
into
laughter
开怀大笑
8.make_a_joke
说笑话
9.have_an_effect_on
对……有影响
10.be
of
much
help
to
对……很有帮助
11.have_fun_with
与……玩得开心
12.bring
happiness
to
给……带来快乐
13.full
of
energy
and
passion
充满活力与激情
14.create_a_friendly_atmosphere
创造一种友好的氛围
15.be
in
low/high
spirits
情绪低落/高涨
佳句
1.A
sense
of
humor
is
one
of
the
ways
in
which
we
relax
and
recreate
ourselves.
幽默感是我们放松和娱乐的途径之一。
2.Humor
can
clearly
be
of
much
help
to
our
work,
study
and
life,
as
it
is
beneficial
to
our
physical
and
mental
health.
因为幽默有益于我们的身心健康，所以对我们的工作、学习、生活无疑都大有帮助。
3.As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
we
should
develop
a
positive
attitude
towards
life.
Life_consists_of_not_only_sunshine_but_also_hard_times.
We
should
be
brave
when
faced
with
difficulties.
就我个人而言，我们应该对生活采取积极的态度。生活中不仅充满阳光而且困难重重。面对困难，我们应该勇敢。
[精美语篇]
Why
we
need
humour
in
our
life
We
badly
need
humour
in
our
life.
There
are
various
reasons.
Firstly,
life
is
faster
than
we
can
imagine.
We
are
always
busy
with
endless
work.
Therefore,
it
is
important
for
us
to
set
ourselves
free
from
hard
work
for
a
while.
Humour
can
help
relieve
us
of
such
pressure.
Secondly,
humour
can
make
people
laugh
and
feel
happy.
It
makes
you
attractive
and
people
will
never
feel
dull
together
with
you.
Thirdly,
humour
can
always
keep
you
in
high
spirits,
which
will
do
good
to
both
your
mental
and
physical
health.
Humour
changes
the
colour
of
the
whole
world
before
you.
Fourthly,
humour
makes
people
laugh
at
a
time
when
they
feel
depressed
so
they
can
feel
more
content
with
their
lives.
What's
more,
humour
can
be
a
most
effective
means
of
dealing
with
difficult
situations.
Humour
is
the
best
medicine
in
life.
In
a
word,
humour
is
very
important
to
all
of
us.
Let's
fully
enjoy
humour
in
our
lives.
高频单词
1．content
(adj.)满足的；满意的(n.)
满足(vt.)
使满足
2．ordinary
(adj.)
平常的；普通的
3．overcome
(vt.&vi.)
战胜；克服→overcame
(过去式)→overcome(过去分词)
4．failure
(n.)
失败(者)→fail
(v.)
失败
5．comedy
(n.)
喜剧→tragedy
(n.)
悲剧
6．throughout
(prep.)
遍及；贯穿(adv.)
到处；始终；全部
7．worn
(adj.)
用旧的；用坏的；破烂的
8．slide(vt.&vi.)
(使)滑动；(使)滑行(n.)
滑；滑动；幻灯片
9．outstanding
(adj.)
突出的；杰出的；显著的
10．occasion
(n.)
时刻；场合→occasional
(adj.)
偶尔的；偶然的→occasionally
(adv.)
偶尔；偶然；有时候
11．whisper
(n.)
耳语；低语(v.)耳语；低声说
12．astonish
(vt.)使惊诧→astonishing
(adj.)令人感到惊讶的→astonished
(adj.)感到惊讶的→astonishment
(n.)惊诧；震惊
13．fortunate
(adj.)幸运的；吉利的→unfortunately
(adv.)(反义词)不幸地→fortune
(n.)运气；财富
14．entertain
(vt.&vi.)
使欢乐；款待→entertainment
(n.)
娱乐→entertaining
(adj.)
有趣的；使人愉快的
15．convince
(vt.)
使信服→convincing
(adj.)
令人信服的
16．direct
(vt.&vi.)导演；指示；指挥(adj.)
直的；直接的；直率的→direction
(n.)
指导；方向→director(n.)
导演→directly
(adv.&conj.)
直接地；径直地；一……就……
17．react(vi.)
作出反应；回应→reaction
(n.)
反应；回应
18．humour(n.)
幽默；滑稽→humorous
(adj.)
幽默的
19．performer
(n.)
表演者；演出者→perform(vt.)执行；表演→performance
(n.)
执行；演出
20．particular(adj.)
特殊的；特别的(n.)细节；细目→particularly
(adv.)
特殊地；特别地
21．explanation
(n.)
解释；讲解；说明→explain
(v.)
解释；说明
22．mountainous
(adj.)
多山的；山一般的→mountain
(n.)
山脉；高山；山岳
重点短语
1．up_to_now
直到现在
2．feel/be_content_with
对……满足
3．badly_off
穷的；缺少的
4．pick_out
挑出；辨别出
5．cut_off
切断；断绝
6．as_if/as_though
好像
7．star_in
在……担任主角；主演
8．be_particular_about
对……挑剔
9．break_into
强行闯入；进入
10．react_to
对……作出反应；回应
热点句型
1．as引导的定语从句，代替后面整个句子的内容
As
Victor
Hugo
once
said(正如……曾经说过),
“Laughter
is
the
sun
that
drives
winter
from
the
human
face”，
and
up
to
now
nobody
has
been
able
to
do
this
better
than
Charlie
Chaplin.(教材P18)
2．it作形式宾语
You
may
find_it_astonishing
(发现它是令人震惊的)
that
Charlie
was
taught
to
sing
as
soon
as
he
could
speak
and
dance
as
soon
as
he
could
walk.
(教材P18)
3．动词 ing形式作结果状语
Unfortunately
his
father
died,
leaving_the_family_even_worse_off
(使得家境更加艰难),
so
Charlie
spent
his
childhood
looking
after
his
sick
mother
and
his
brother.(教材P18)
4．by表示“到……为止”，句子常用完成时
By_his_teens(到他十多岁的时候),
Charlie
had,
through
his
humour,
become
one
of
the
most
popular
child
actors
in
England.(教材P18)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．No
one
was
ever
bored
________
(watch)
him—his
subtle
acting
made
everything
________
(entertain)．
答案：watching;
entertaining
2．They
are
________
hungry
that
they
try
boiling
a
pair
of
leather
shoes
for
their
dinner.
答案：so
3．He
cuts
off
the
leather
top
of
the
shoes
as
if
it
________
(be)
the
finest
steak.
答案：were
4．The
acting
is
so
________
(convince)
that
it
makes
you
believe
that
it
is
one
of
the
________
(good)
meals
he
has
ever
tasted!
答案：convincing;
best
5．He
is
loved
and
remembered
________
a
great
actor
________
could
inspire
people
with
great
confidence.
答案：as;
who
6．Instead
he
and
another
man
are
hiding
in
a
small
hut
during
a
snowstorm
with
nothing
________
(eat)．
答案：to
eat
7．He
made
people
laugh
at
a
time
________
they
felt
depressed,
so
they
could
feel
more
content
with
their
lives.
答案：when
8．I
think
of
________
short
life
is
and
how
long
the
universe
has
lasted.
答案：how
9．Sherlock
Holmes
and
Doctor
Watson
went
________
(camp)
in
a
mountainous
area.
答案：camping
10．In
________
1990s,
Mr
Bean
became
a
star
using
mime
to
highlight
difficult
social
situations
much
________
Charlie
Chaplin
had
done.
答案：the;
as
1 content adj.满足的；满意的 n．内容；目录；容量；满足 vt.使满足
He
made
people
laugh
at
a
time
when
they
felt
depressed，so
they
could
feel
more
content
with
their
lives.(P18)
在人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。
归纳拓展
(1)be
content
to_do
sth.
(＝be
willing/ready
to
do
sth.)
乐于做某事；满足于做某事
feel/be
content
with
sth.(＝feel/be
satisfied/pleased
with
sth.) 对某事感到满意/满足
(2)content
oneself
with 使(某人)自己对……感到满足
(3)to
one's
heart's
content 尽情地
名师点睛
1 content
作形容词时，通常作表语、后置定语或状语，作前置定语时要用
contented，如a
contented
expression
“满足的表情”。
2 在充当表语表示“非常满意”时，用be
well
content
而不能用be
very
content。语境助记①[2016·四川高考]Previous
studies
have
also
indicated
that
milk
can
be
excellent
for
helping
sleep
because
of
the
calcium_content,_which
helps
people
to
relax.
以前的研究也表明牛奶有助于睡眠，因为牛奶中的钙可帮助人放松。
②She
dropped
her
purse
and
the
contents
fell
out
on
the
floor.
她的皮包掉了，里面的东西散落在了地板上。
③Andy
is_content_with
the
toy.
It
is
the
best
he
has
ever
got.
安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。
④I
am_content_to_admire
the
mountains
from
below.
我乐于从山脚下观赏山景。
⑤We
should
never
content_ourselves_with
only
book
knowledge.
我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
图解助记
2 convince vt.使确信；使信服
The
acting
is
so
convincing
that
it
makes
you
believe
that
it
is
one
of
the
best
meals
he
has
ever
tasted.(P18)
卓别林的表演是那么有说服力，以致你会相信这顿饭是他所尝过的最美味的一餐。
归纳拓展
(1)convince
sb.
of
sth.使某人信服某事
convince
sb.to_do
sth.
说服某人做某事
convince
sb.
that
使某人确信……
(2)convinced
adj.
信服的；相信的
be
convinced
of/that...
确信……
(3)convincing
adj.
令人信服的
语境助记
①[2016·江苏高考]Stephen
Francis
observed
then
eighteen－year－old
Shelly－Ann
at
a
track
meet
and
was_convinced_that
he
had
seen
the
beginnings
of
true
greatness.
斯蒂芬·弗朗西斯在田径赛场上观察了当时18岁的谢利安并且相信自己发现了真正的天才。
②[2016·天津高考]I
tried
to
convince
myself
that
the
trouble
was
with
the
problem
itself,
not
with
me.
我努力使自己相信麻烦是问题本身的事而不是我的原因。
③You
need
to
convince
your
interviewer
of
your
ability
to
master
the
work.
你需要让你的面试官相信你有熟练掌握这种工作的能力。
④His
mother
has
been
trying
to
convince
him
to_see
a
doctor.
他妈妈一直设法说服他去看医生。
⑤I'm
convinced
that
sooner
or
later
we
will
succeed.
我坚信我们迟早会成功的。
⑥There
is
now
convincing
evidence
that
smoking
causes
lung
cancer.
现在有令人信服的证据证明，吸烟可引起肺癌。
3 direct vt.&
vi.导演；指挥；指示 adj.径直的；直接的；直率的 adv.直接地
Charlie
Chaplin
wrote，directed
and
produced
the
films
he
starred
in.(P18)
查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。
归纳拓展
(1)direct
sb.
to_do
sth.
指示(令)某人做某事
direct＋that...
(should)＋do
...
指示……
(2)direction
n.
方向；方位；
指点；指示；说明书
in
the
direction
of...
朝……方向
under
the
direction
of...
在……指导下
in
all
directions(＝in
every
direction)
朝四面八方
directions(＝instructions)
n.
(常用复数)
说明(书)
(3)directly
adv.
直接地；径直地；坦率地；马上
conj.(＝as
soon
as＝immediately＝instantly)
一……就……
名师点睛
direct表示“命令”时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 should
do。
语境助记
①Would
you
please
direct_me_to
the
zoo
请问去动物园怎么走？
②His
boss
directed_him_to_cancel
the
meeting.
他的老板指示他取消这次会议。
③The
judge
directed_that
the
child
(should)_be
taken
good
care
of
by
his
mother.
法官判决孩子由母亲好好照看。
④It
is
an
adventure
film
directed_by
Peter
Sallis.
这是一部由彼得·萨利斯导演的冒险电影。
⑤When
the
police
arrived,
the
crowd
scattered
in_all_directions.
警察来时，群众向四面八方散去。
⑥[2016·浙江高考]During
my
first
quarter,
I
spoke
directly_to
the
Chancellor
(校长),
asking
him
for
support
towards
my
initiatives
(提议)．
在第一季度，我就直接跟校长说，让他支持我的提议。
⑦He
came
directly
I
called.
我一打电话他就来了。
4 particularly adv.尤其；特别
Children
particularly
would
burst
into
laughter
at
his
behaviour.(P20)
孩子们尤其对他的表演报之以大笑。
归纳拓展
语境助记
①[2016·江苏高考]This
function
of
the
Internet
is
particularyly
striking
when
I'm
writing.
在我写作时网络的功能尤其让人印象深刻。
②Micro
messages
are
very
popular
in
recent
years,
particularly
among
young
people.
近年来，微信大受欢迎，尤其在年青人当中。
③She
is_so_particular_about
her
housework
that
servants
will
not
work
for
her.
她对家务如此挑剔以至于佣人们都不愿给她干活了。
④This
company
has
launched
several
types
of
cars
this
year,
and
one
in_particular
appeals
to
the
young.
今年这家公司发布了几款车型，有一款对年青人特别有吸引力。
5 astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
You
may
find
it
astonishing
that
Charlie
was
taught
to
sing
as
soon
as
he
could
speak
and
dance
as
soon
as
he
could
walk.(P18)
你可能感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。
归纳拓展
(1)astonished
adj.感到惊讶的
(2)be
astonished
at/by
sth.
因/对某事感到惊讶
be
astonished
to_do
sth.
对做某事感到惊讶
It
astonishes/astonished
sb.
that...
令某人惊讶的是……
be
astonished
that...
对……感到惊讶
(3)astonishment
n.
惊讶
to
one's
astonishment
令某人惊讶的是
语境助记
①It
was
astonishing
that
she
should
accept
such
a
challenging
job.
令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么具有挑战性的工作。
②We
were
astonished
at/by
the
news
of
her
sudden
death.
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。
③What
astonished
me
was
that
he
didn't
seem
to
mind.
让我感到诧异的是他好像毫不在乎。
④To_the_astonishment_of
many
people,
Peng
Liyuan
gave
a
speech
in
English
at
the
UN
meeting
in
New
York,
the
US.
彭丽媛在美国纽约的联合国会议上用英语演讲，让很多人大吃一惊。
⑤Much
to_my_astonishment,_she
still
remembered
my
name!
使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！
过关演练
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I
could
hear
everyone
________
(whisper),
“Who
in
our
school
could
draw
that
well？”
答案：whispering 考查“hear＋宾语＋宾补”结构。everyone与whisper之间为主动关系，结合语境可知，该动作正在进行，故填whispering。
2．Though
he
graduated
from
a
famous
university,
he
was
________
failure
as
a
teacher.
答案：a 考查冠词的用法。抽象名词具体化时，通常在名词前加不定冠词，
a
failure
“一位失败者”。
3．According
to
my
own
understanding,
a
good
teacher
is
also
a
good
________
(perform)
in
class.
答案：performer 考查词性转换。a
good
performer“一个好的表演者”。
4．Lucy
has
a
great
sense
of
humor
and
always
ketif
her
colleagues
________
(amuse)
with
her
stories.
答案：amused 考查“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。amuse与her
colleagues之间为动宾关系，故填amused。5．I
can
remember
few
occasions
________
he
was
absent
from
class
in
primary
school.
答案：when 考查定语从句。occasion作先行词时，若从句中不缺主语和宾语时要注意when与where的选择，结合语境可知，此处应缺少时间状语，故填when。
6．If
you
had
read
the
________
(direct)
carefully,
some
mistakes
in
the
exam
could
have
been
avoided.
答案：directions 考查词性转换。此处冠词后应填名词，且表示“说明”时，应为复数。
7．The
play
was
so
________
(humour)
that
the
audience
laughed
all
the
way
through
it.
答案：humourous 考查词性转换。humourous
形容词，“幽默的”。
8．So
far
there
is
no
________
(convince)
evidence
that
there
exists
life
in
outer
space.
答案：convincing 考查词性转换。结合语意及结构分析可知，此处应表示“令人信服的”，故答案是convincing。
9．To
be
honest,
I'm
very
content
________
my
life
at
present.
答案：with 考查固定搭配。be
content
with意为“对……满足/满意”。
10．The
young
are
________
(particular)
willing
to
accept
this
concept
because
at
heart
every
child
wants
to
grow
into
a
happy,
healthy,
contributing
adult.
答案：particularly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词修饰形容词，因此填particularly。
1 badly
off
穷的；缺少的
Unfortunately
his
father
died,
leaving
the
family
even
worse
off,
so
Charlie
spent
his
childhood
looking
after
his
sick
mother
and
his
brother.(P18)
不幸的是他的父亲过世了，使得他的家境更加艰难，因此，卓别林童年时期都在照顾他生病的母亲和弟弟。
归纳拓展
(1)be
well
off
境况很好；富裕
be
better
off
境况较好
be
worse
off
更穷的
(2)badly
off
for＝in
need
of缺少……
(3)worse_and_worse
越来越坏；每况愈下
go
from
bad
to
worse
越来越坏；每况愈下
to_make_matters_worse＝(and)
what
is
worse
而更糟糕的是
语境助记
①We
were
so_badly_off
when
we
first
married
that
we
could
afford
to
heat
only
one
room
in
the
house.
我们刚结婚时非常穷，以致房子里只有一间屋子用了暖气。
②The
school
is
really
quite
badly_off_for
books.
这个学校的确非常缺少图书。
③To_make_matters_worse,_my
car
broke
down
on
the
way.
使得情况更糟的是，我的车在途中出了故障。
2 pick
out
挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
Then
he
picks
out
the
lace
of
the
shoe
and
eats
it
as
if
it
were
spaghetti.(P18)
然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
归纳拓展
pick
up
拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转
pick
off
摘掉；摘下来
pick
one's
pocket
扒窃；掏包
pick
one's
way
择路而行；小心看着路行走
语境助记
①The
police
asked
him
if
he
could
pick_out
the
killer
from
a
series
of
photos.
警察问他能否从一组照片中认出凶手。
②It's
surprising
that
your
brother
pick_up_Russian
so
quickly—he
hasn't
lived
there
very
long.
你弟弟学会俄语如此快真令人吃惊，他在俄国没待多久。
③[2016·北京高考]The
first
musher,
Shannon,
picked_up
the
medicine
from
the
train
at
Nenana
and
rode
all
night.
第一个赶狗拉雪橇的人，香农在内南纳的车站拿到药，然后连夜赶路。
④写出下列句子中pick
up的含义
a．Sally
walked
onto
the
platform,
picked
up
a
piece
of
chalk
and
wrote
on
the
blackboard：“Rule
1:
We
are
family！”拾起；捡起
b．My
friend
began
to
pick
up
after
staying
in
hospital
for
several
days.身体好转
c．I
am
wondering
whether
you
can
pick
me
up
at
the
airport.
用车接某人
d．Here
is
a
tip
I
picked
up
from
my
mother.(偶然)学会
3 cut
off
切断(水、电、煤气)供应；断绝
Charlie
cuts
off
the
leather
top
of
the
shoe
and
shares
the
shoe
with
the
other
fellow.(P18)
查理把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，和另一个同伴分享皮鞋。
归纳拓展
(1)cut
sb.
off
中断(电话通话)；停止(供给)
cut
sth.
off
切掉；割掉；阻挡
cut...off
from...
切断……的去路；使……与外界隔绝
(2)cut
out
切去；删掉
cut
up
切碎
cut
down
砍倒；压缩；缩减
cut
in
插嘴
cut
through
凿穿；抄近路；剪断
语境助记
①The
village
was_cut_off
by
the
heavy
snow
for
more
than
a
month.
这个村庄被大雪封闭了一个多月。
②Don't
cut_in
while
others
are
speaking.
别人说话的时候不要插嘴。
③When
you
give
a
speech,
you'd
better
cut_down
unimportant
details.
当你演讲时，最好删掉那些不重要的细节。
④She
was
really
cut_up
when
all
her
friends
refused
to
help
her.
当所有的朋友都拒绝帮助她时，她真地很难过。
⑤用cut相关短语填空
a．I
was
speaking
to
Ann
on
the
phone
when
suddenly
we
were
cut_off.
b．The
ship
cut
her
way
through
the
wave.
c．Cutting_down
costs
is
a
good
way
to
make
profits.
d．Don't
hesitate
to
cut_out
the
useless
information
in
your
passage.
图解助记
过关演练
选词填空
pick
out；
be
content
with；
be
particular
about；
badly
off；
up
to
now；
react
to；
cut
off；
slide
into；
wear
out；
be
caught
in
1．Remember
to
________
the
fat
before
you
fry
the
steak.
答案：cut
off
2．As
the
summer
vacation
is
approaching,
it's
high
time
that
parents
________
some
training
courses
for
their
children.
答案：picked
out/should
pick
out
3．Don't
be
too
hard
on
yourself.
________
what
you
have
is
the
key
to
happiness.
答案：Being
content
with
4．His
marriage
broke
up
and
his
company
was
closed
down,
which
left
him
________
than
ever
before.答案：worse
off
5．He
was
observed
________
the
house
and
help
himself
to
what
he
liked
before
the
owner
came
back.
答案：to
slide
into
6．How
did
they
________
your
suggestion
at
the
meeting
答案：react
to
7．I
haven't
had
any
big
success
________.
However,
I'll
keep
trying.
答案：up
to
now
8．________
a
heavy
rain
should
be
an
unforgettable
experience,
which
I'll
remember
forever.
答案：Being
caught
in
9．He
had
looked
weak,
________
by
meeting
so
many
families
and
friends
on
his
return.
答案：worn
out
10．He
________
food
while
he
doesn't
care
about
money.
答案：is
particular
about
1 As
Victor
Hugo
once
said，“Laughter
is
the
sun
that
drives
winter
from
the
human
face”，
and
up
to
now
nobody
has
been
able
to
do
this
better
than
Charlie
Chaplin.
(P18)
维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
归纳拓展
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如；像”。
(2)
as引导非限制性定语从句的常见搭配：
as
we
all
know众所周知
as
often
happens
正如经常发生的那样
as
we
expect
正如我们预料的那样
as
you
can
see
如你所见
as
has
been
said
above如上所述
as
is
often
the
case这是常有的事
语境助记
①As
the
saying
goes,
“A
good
beginning
is
half
the
battle.”
常言道，“良好的开端是成功的一半”。
②Such
people
as
were
recommended
by
him
were
reliable.
他所推荐的人是可靠的。
③As_is_often_the_case
with
language
learning,
Mandarin
learning
also
calls
for
lots
of
practice.
正如学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。
④The
explorer
took
only
such
men
and
things
as
he
really
needed
into
the
jungle.
这个探险者进入丛林时仅仅带了这些他确实需要的人和物品。
⑤A
good
many
proposals
were
raised
in
the
meeting,
as_was_expected.
正如所预料的一样，许多好的建议在会议上被提出。
名师点睛
在such...as...结构中，as引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；而such...that...结构中that引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
This
is
such
a
difficult
question
as
nobody
can
work
out.
这是一个没人能解决的那么难的一个问题。
This
is
such
a
difficult
question
that
nobody
can
work
it
out.
这是一个那么难的问题，以至于没人能解决。
2
Unfortunately
his
father
died,
leaving_the_family_even
_worse_off...(P18)
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难……
归纳拓展
leaving...为现在分词短语作结果状语。表示自然而然的结果。
现在分词作结果状语常表示“预料、情理之中”，而不定式作结果状语常表出乎意料的结果。
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Today
all
three
generations
regard
the
move
as
a
success,
giving_them
a
closer
relationship
than
they
would
have
had
in
separate
cities.
今天这三代人都认为这次搬家是成功的，使他们有了比居住在不同的城市更密切的关系。
②The
sunlight
is
white
and
Blinding,
throwing_hard edged_shadows_on_the_ground.
阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。
③She
was
so
angry
that
she
threw
the
toy
on
the
ground,
breaking
it
into
pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
④[2016·江苏高考]She
must
be
one
of
those
one－hit
wonders
that
spring
up
from
time
to
time,
only
to_disappear
again
without
signs.
她一定是那种偶尔出现的昙花，在没有征兆的情况下就会再次消失。
⑤He
picked
up
a
stone,
only
to_have
it
dropped
on
his
own
foot.
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
⑥They
reached
the
company
out
of
breath
only_to_be_told
they
were
fired.
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。
⑦Her
father
ran
away
from
home,
never
to_be_heard_from
again.
她的父亲离家出走，从此杳无音讯。
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The
news
shocked
the
public,
________
(lead)
to
great
concern
about
students'
safety
at
school.
答案：leading 考查现在分词作状语。“leading
to...”此处作结果状语。句意：这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们高度关注在校学生们的安全。
2．With
everything
________
(prepare)
well,
he
believed
he
could
succeed.
答案：prepared 考查with的复合结构。prepare和everything在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补，表状态。句意：一切都准备好了，他相信他会成功的。
3．The
experiment
shows
that
proper
amounts
of
exercise,
if
________
(carry)
out
regularly,
can
improve
our
health.
答案：carried 考查条件状语从句中的省略。carry与逻辑主语the
experiment之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词。
4．Though
there
is
no
one
in
the
hall,
he
stands
on
the
stage
as
if
he
________
(watch)
and
expected
to
deliver
a
speech.
答案：were
being
watched 考查虚拟语气和动词语态。as
if后的从句表示与现在事实相反，且watch和expect与he之间为动宾关系，且正在进行。
5．________hard
you
try,
it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
答案：However 考查让步状语从句的引导词。结合语意和句子结构可知，此处表示“无论怎样”。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．From
what
I
have
seen,
few
do
homework,
instead
many
are
on
their
phones
and
talking,
________________
who
actually
want
to
do
work
to
complete
any.
从我所见，很少有人做作业，相反，许多人在打电话、聊天，使得那些想做工作的人去完成任何工作都不可能。
答案：making
it
impossible
for
those
2．________________，
the
exam
with
four
subjects
altogether
is
held
on
June
7th
and
8th.
众所周知，四门功课的考试在6月7号和8号进行。
答案：As
is
known
to
us
all
3．By
the
time
the
parcel
reaches
you,
I
________________.
到你收到这个包裹时，我将已离开学校了。
答案：will
have
left
the
school
动词 ing形式作表语、定语和宾补
动词 ing形式作表语
1．表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。
Her
job
is
keeping
the
lecture
hall
as
clean
as
possible.
(＝Keeping
the
lecture
hall
as
clean
as
possible
is
her
job.)
2．表示主语的某种性质和特征，这时通常可以看作形容词。
The
problem
is
quite
puzzling.
动词 ing形式作定语
动词的 ing形式可以单独作定语，也可以构成合成词作定语，但是在更多情况下是分词短语作定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。The
baby
recognized
his
mother's
smiling
face.
The
lecture,
starting
at
7：00
p．m.
last
night,
was
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与分词动作之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see,
hear,
feel,
smell,
watch,
find,
listen
to,
look
at,
notice,
observe等。
Suddenly
we
heard
someone
knocking
gently
on
the
window.
2．使役动词。如keep,
have,
get,
leave,
catch等，后接动词 ing形式作宾补。
Don't
leave
the
water
running
all
the
time.
I'm
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting.
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Yet
there
is
evidence
________
(suggest)
that
the
trend
is
growing.
答案：suggesting 考查动词－ing形式作定语。evidence与suggest之间为主动关系，因此用suggesting。
2．The
park
was
full
of
people,
________
(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
答案：enjoying 考查非谓语动词作定语。people与enjoy之间为主动关系，故填enjoying。
3．On
the
bank
of
the
river,
we
found
him
________
(sit)
on
a
beach,
with
his
eyes
________
(fix)
on
a
kite
in
the
sky.
答案：sitting;
fixed 两空均考查分词作宾补。前者与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，后者与逻辑主语之间为被动关系。
4．The
teacher
called
Tom
to
his
office
because
he
was
caught
________
(cheat)
in
the
exam.
答案：cheating 考查固定短语。be
caught
doing
sth.
，意为“被抓住做某事”。句意：老师把汤姆叫进办公室，因为他被抓住考试作弊了。
5．My
favorite
cartoon
character
is
Tom
and
Jerry.
It's
so
________
(excite)
that
we
often
feel
________
(excite)
when
seeing
it.
答案：exciting;
excited 考查分词作表语。exciting表示“令人兴奋的”，用来描述事物本身的特征；excited表示“兴奋的”，表述人的主观心理，结合语境可知答案。
Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
[2017·河北阶段检测]Years
ago,
I
would
wake
up
two
or
three
times
each
night
because
of
terrible
pains.
Having
watched
my
father
die
of
cancer,
I
__1__
that
I
also
had
a
cancer.
So
I
went
to
a
clinic.
A
doctor
examined
me,
gave
me
some
medicine
and
cleared
my
mind
of
__2__
that
I
had
a
cancer.
He
suggested
I
should
relax.
After
hearing
these
words,
I
felt
__3__
and
acted
on
the
doctor's
__4__.
One
day
while
I
was
looking
over
an
accumulation
of
old
__5__
on
matters
that
were
past
and
gone,
I
threw
them
into
the
wastebasket
one
by
one.
__6__
I
stopped
and
said
to
myself,
“Bill,
why
don't
you
do
the
__7__
thing
with
your
worries
that
you
are
doing
with
these
notes？”
That
idea
gave
me
immediate
__8__—gave
me
the
feeling
of
a
weight
being
lifted
from
me.
From
that
day,
I
have
made
it
a(n)
__9__
to
throw
into
the
wastebasket
all
the
__10__
that
I
can
no
longer
do
anything
about.
Then
one
day
while
my
wife
was
wiping
the
dishes
happily,
another
idea
__11__
to
me.
I
thought,
“Look,
Bill,
how
__12__
your
wife
is.
Had
she
thought
of
washing
the
pile
of
dirty
dishes
like
a
barn
these
years,
she
would
have
been
__13__
by
the
thought.
The
reason
my
wife
doesn't
__14__
washing
the
dishes
now
is
that
she
washes
only
one
day's
dishes
at
a
time.”
I
saw
what
my
__15__
was.
I
was
trying
to
wash
today's
dishes
and
yesterday's
dishes
and
__16__
the
dishes
that
weren't
dirty
yet.
I
saw
how
__17__
I
was.
I
used
to
stand
in
front
of
people,
telling
other
people
how
to
live,
yet
I
myself
was
leading
a
tense,
worried,
hurried
existence.
I
felt
__18__
of
myself.
Worries
don't
__19__
me
any
more.
I
now
throw
yesterday's
anxieties
into
the
wastebasket,
and
I
have
__20__
trying
to
wash
tomorrow's
dirty
dishes
today.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾经生活得过度紧张，夜不能寐，甚至怀疑自己得了绝症，但他最终通过观察生活细节悟出了让自己生活轻松、充实的办法。
1．A.declared
B．feared
C．acknowledged
D．confirmed
答案：B
上文提到作者过去常常晚上因剧烈疼痛而醒来两、三次及目睹了他的父亲因癌症去世，所以担心(feared)自己也会患上癌症。
2．A.dissatisfaction
B．misfortune
C．doubt
D．threat
答案：C
由语境可知，医生给作者检查，开了药并消除了作者的疑虑(doubt)。
3．A.relieved
B．optimistic
C．content
D．depressed
答案：A
结合语境可知，作者听了医生的话以后，知道自己没得癌症，可推断出作者心里感到了宽慰(relieved)。
4．A.opinions
B．experience
C．promises
D．advice
答案：D
作者听从医生的建议。
5．A.books
B．papers
C．notes
D．clothes
答案：C
依据下文第7空后的“doing
with
these
notes”提示可知，此处填notes。
6．A.Suddenly
B．Gradually
C．Eventually
D．Obviously
答案：A
由上下文可知，作者前面一个接一个地扔掉便条，然后突然(suddenly)停下来并对自己说。
7．A.meaningful
B．same
C．important
D．unique
答案：B
由下文提到的作者要扔掉自己的麻烦问题可知，这里是要做和扔掉便条一样的(same)事情。
8．A.anxiety
B．confusion
C．strength
D．inspiration
答案：D
由语意可知，作者的这个想法给了自己灵感(inspiration)，同时使自己有一种如释重负的感觉。
9．A.rule
B．order
C．difference
D．plan
答案：A
结合语境可知，从那天起，作者就培养了一个习惯。
10．A.habits
B．achievements
C．failures
D．problems
答案：D
根据上文第7空后提到了“your
worries”可知，这里是扔掉所有的麻烦(problems)。
11．A.returned
B．happened
C．occurred
D．appealed
答案：C
句意：一天，当我的妻子正快乐地洗盘子时，我突然有一个想法。...occur
to
sb.
意为“某人突然想到……”。
12．A.determined
B．pleased
C．surprised
D．puzzled
答案：B
从前面的信息：作者妻子快乐地洗盘子可知，这里是高兴的(pleased)。
13．A.encouraged
B．disappointed
C．defeated
D．surprised
答案：C
句意：如果想到这些年会洗堆得像谷仓一样大的脏盘子时，她一定会被这个想法击垮的。defeat“打败；击垮”。
14．A.enjoy
B．mind
C．consider
D．avoid
答案：B
由语境可知，作者的妻子不介意洗盘子的原因是她一次只洗一天的盘子。mind
“介意”，后接动词－ing形式。
15．A.thought
B．embarrassment
C．excuse
D．trouble
答案：D
由上文中作者妻子洗盘子的做法和第16空所在句子表明作者自己洗盘子的做法，可知作者明白了自己的问题所在。
16．A.even
B．still
C．mainly
D．partly
答案：A
作者自己不仅洗今天和明天的盘子甚至(even)还洗没有脏的盘子，可知，作者看到了自己的问题(trouble)所在。
17．A.foolish
B．intelligent
C．modest
D．abnormal
答案：A
由下文作者提到自己过去常常站在人们面前告诉大家怎么生活，自己却过着焦虑、紧张和匆忙的生活，可知此处作者觉得自己是多么愚蠢(foolish)。
18．A.conscious
B．ashamed
C．proud
D．terrified
答案：B
由前句内容可知，作者对自己感到很羞愧(ashamed)。
19．A.convince
B．oppose
C．excite
D．bother
答案：D
由下文作者现在把昨天的焦虑都扔掉可知，担忧不再困扰(bother)作者了。
20．A.admitted
B．delayed
C．stopped
D．regretted
答案：C'由句意可知，作者已经停止“今天提前洗明天的盘子了”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
[2017·天水一中考试]Recordings
of
angry
bees
are
enough
to
send
big,
tough
African
elephants
running
away,
a
new
study
says.
Beehives
(蜂窝)—either
recorded
or
real—may
even
prevent
elephants
from
damaging
farmer's
crops.
In
2002,
scientist
Lucy
King
and
her
team
found
that
elephants
avoid
certain
trees
with
bees
living
in
them.
Today,
Lucy
wants
to
see
if
African
honeybees
might
discourage
elephants
from
eating
crops.
But
before
she
asked
farmers
to
go
to
the
trouble
of
setting
up
beehives
on
their
farms,
she
needed
to
find
out
if
the
bees
would
scare
elephants
away.
Lucy
found
a
wild
beehive
inside
a
tree
in
northern
Kenya
and
set
up
a
recorder.
Then
she
threw
a
stone
into
the
beehive,
which
burst
into
life.
Lucy
and
her
assistant
hid
in
their
car
until
the
angry
bees
had
calmed
down.
Next，Lucy
searched
out
elephant
families
in
Samburu
National
Reserve
in
northern
Kenya
and
put
a
speaker
in
a
tree
close
to
each
family.
From
a
distance,
Lucy
switched
on
the
pre recorded
sound
of
angry
bees
while
at
the
same
time
recording
the
elephants
with
a
video
camera.
Half
the
elephant
groups
left
the
area
within
ten
seconds.
Out
of
a
total
of
17
groups,
only
one
group
ignored
the
sound
of
the
angry
bees.
Lucy
reported
that
all
the
young
elephants
immediately
ran
to
their
mothers
to
hide
under
them.
When
Lucy
played
the
sound
of
a
waterfall
(瀑布)
instead
of
the
angry
bees
to
many
of
the
same
elephant
families,
the
animals
were
undisturbed.
Even
after
four
minutes,
most
of
the
groups
stayed
in
one
place.
Lucy
is
now
studying
whether
the
elephants
will
continue
to
avoid
the
sound
of
angry
bees
after
hearing
it
several
times.
She
hasn't
tested
enough
groups
yet
to
know,
but
her
initial
(最初的)
results
were
promising
enough
to
begin
trials
with
farmers.
She
has
now
begun
placing
speakers
in
the
fields
to
see
if
elephants
are
frightened
away.
篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学研究发现生气的蜜蜂的声音能驱赶走大象，进而可能帮助农民保护庄稼。
1．We
know
from
the
passage
that
elephants
may
be
frightened
of________.
A．loud
noises
B．some
crops
C．video
cameras
D．angry
bees
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文中第一段可知，大象可能害怕生气的蜜蜂。故选D。
2．As
mentioned
in
the
passage,
Lucy________.
A．works
by
herself
in
Africa
B．needs
to
test
more
elephant
groups
C．has
stopped
elephants
eating
crops
D．has
got
farmers
to
set
up
beehives
on
their
farms
答案：B 细节理解题。从文中最后一段后两句“She
hasn't
tested
enough
groups
yet
to
know...to
see
if
elephants
are
frightened
away.”可知B正确。而A中“works
by
herself”表达错误，从文中第三段“Lucy
and
her
assistant”可看出并非独自工作。C项文中未提到，D从第二段最后一句话可知错误。
3．Why
did
Lucy
throw
a
stone
into
a
wild
beehive
A．To
record
the
sound
of
bees.
B．To
make
a
video
of
elephants.
C．To
see
if
elephants
would
run
away.
D．To
find
out
more
about
the
behavior
of
bees.
答案：A 细节理解题。从文中第三段前半部分可知露西把一块石头扔进一个野生蜂窝的目的是为了录下蜜蜂的声音。
4．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage
A．Young
elephants
ignore
African
honeybees.
B．Waterfalls
can
make
elephants
stay
in
one
place.
C．Elephants
do
not
go
near
trees
with
bees
living
in
them.
D．Farmers
do
not
allow
Lucy
to
conduct
tests
in
their
fields.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句“In
2002,
scientist
Lucy
King
and
her
team
found
that
elephants
avoid
certain
trees
with
bees
living
in
them.”可知选C。A、B两项从倒数第二段后半部分可知错误，D项文中未提到。
1．prevent
vt.
阻止
2.scare
vt.
使害怕
3．undisturbed
adj.
安静的；未被扰乱的
4．avoid
vt.
逃避；避免
5．frighten
vt.
使惊恐；吓唬
1．set
up
建立；成立
2.switch
on
打开
B
I
always
figured
that
comedians
were
the
best
kind
of
people
to
hang
around
with
as
a
kid.
They
tell
funny
stories,
make
joke
after
joke,
and
happiness
seems
never
to
leave
them.
But
time
goes
on,
and
we
come
to
see
these
same
people
as
clowns
on
the
outside,
but
crying
a
river
in
the
inside.
Comedy
from
these
people
comes
from
a
deep
pain
and
sadness
in
their
lives,
or
out
of
a
deep－seated
anger
they
have
at
the
world
around
them.
Look
at
Richard
Pryor.
Need
I
say
more
Richard
seemed
to
have
everything.
For
Superman
Ⅲ，
he
ended
up
getting
more
money
than
Christopher
Reeve
did.
Yet
he
said
while
he
was
in
his
forties
that
the
last
truly
happy
moment
he
remembered
in
his
life
was
when
he
was
jumping
around
in
the
dirt
while
pretending
to
be
a
cowboy
at
the
age
of
10.
This
guy
set
himself
on
fire,
and
he
played
that
for
laugh
while
performing
live
at
the
Sunset
Strip!
Comedy
was
his
constant
weapon
against
pain,
and
he
never
held
anything
back.
The
movie
Funny
People
understands
very
well
this
gloomy
field
many
comedians
have
to
survive
in.
It
stars
Adam
Sandler
as
George
Simmons,
a
famous
comedian
in
the
movie.
Simmons
has
it
all:
a
beautiful
mansion
overlooking
the
sea,
a
swimming
pool,
great
cars,
and
so
on.
But
in
his
eyes,
we
see
that
he
is
a
sad
man
who
has
come
to
truly
look
down
upon
himself
for
what
he
has
become.
All
the
wealth
he
has
collected
only
serves
to
separate
him
from
the
rest
of
the
world
and
it
makes
him
defensive
when
around
total
strangers
who
cannot
see
him
as
a
normal
person.
But
now,
he
hears
from
his
doctor
that
he
has
a
terminal
disease
and
has
only
months
left
to
live.
Simmons
reacts
to
this
news
as
if
someone
took
away
his
blood
in
the
heart,
and
it
makes
him
clearly
see
just
how
much
he
hates
his
life.
So
now
he
has
to
make
every
minute
count.
Then
come
a
series
of
funny
stories.
Comedy_is_just_life_as_it_is,_isn't_it
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。全文通过不同的例子证明了喜剧是喜剧演员把真实生活中的痛苦进行加工和升华后创造出来的。
5．What
can
we
infer
about
“comedians”
according
to
the
text
A．Comedians
like
to
get
along
with
kids.
B．Comedians'
life
is
full
of
jokes.
C．Comedians
often
use
their
sad
experiences.
D．Comedians
often
cry
in
their
daily
life.
答案：C'推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Comedy
from
these
people
comes
from
a
deep
pain
and
sadness
in
their
lives,
or
out
of
a
deep－seated
anger
they
have
at
the
world
around
them.”可知，喜剧来自经历痛苦的人，即这些人会把这些痛苦经历转化为喜剧形式，并表达出来。故选C项。
6．When
was
the
happiest
moment
for
Richard
Pryor
A．When
he
played
the
part
of
Superman
Ⅲ.
B．When
he
got
more
money
than
Christopher
Reeve.
C．When
he
pretended
to
be
a
cowboy
in
the
childhood.
D．When
he
performed
live
at
the
Sunset
Strip.
答案：C'细节理解题。根据题干的关键词Richard
Pryor可定位到文章第二段；根据第二段第五句“...the
last
truly
happy
moment
he
remembered
in
his
life
was
when
he
was
jumping
around
in
the
dirt
while
pretending
to
be
a
cowboy
at
the
age
of
10.”可直接得出答案为C项。
7．Why
was
George
Simmons
unhappy
A．He
had
no
friends
at
all.
B．He
spent
too
much
on
his
house.
C．He
wasn't
accepted
by
the
outside
world.
D．He
was
hated
by
all
the
strangers
around.
答案：C'细节理解题。根据文章第三段第五句“All
the
wealth
he
has
collected
only
serves
to
separate
him
from
the
rest
of
the
world
and
it
makes
him
defensive
when
around
total
strangers...”可知，是财富使西蒙斯和外界隔离，并且他始终对陌生人有一种防备，而其他人也没有把他看作是正常人。故选C项(因为西蒙斯不被外界接受，所以他感到不快乐)。D项(周围所有的陌生人都讨厌他)太绝对。
8．By
saying
“Comedy
is
just
life
as
it
is,
isn't
it？”，
the
author
means________.
A．life
like
comedy
will
make
you
happy
B．comedy
comes
from
the
sadness
in
real
life
C．there
is
no
happiness
at
all
in
real
life
D．life
is
full
of
comedy
in
reality
答案：B'推理判断题。文章首段末句就明确指出喜剧来自于喜剧演员生活中的痛苦和悲伤，然后通过不同的例子来证明。作者认为生活中总是充满了痛苦，只是喜剧演员将痛苦进行了加工并以艺术形式呈现。故选B项。C项(实际生活中根本没有幸福)太绝对。
1．figure
vt.
认为；认定；计算
2.pretend
vi.
假装；佯装
3．overlook
vt.
忽略；不予理会；俯视
4．defensive
adj.
防御的；保护的
5．count
vi.
重要
1．hang
around
with
sb.
和某人长时间待在一起闲荡
2．hold
sth.
back
不向(某人)透露某事；隐瞒某事
Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时8′)
When
I
was
young,
I
had
no
interest
on
English
classes.
I
enjoyed
other
subject,
but
I
didn't
like
English.
I
was
unable
to
pronounce
those
words
correct.
My
English
scores
were
unacceptable
and
I
even
wanted
give
up.
Luckily,
my
English
teacher
lent
me
the
hand.
She
gave
me
several
useful
tips
on
learning
English
and
encouraged
I
to
talk
with
her
in
English.
Then
something
amazed
happened.
It
all
start
to
make
sense.
I
took
pride
in
talk
to
people.
I
didn't
feel
like
as
a
failure
any
more
and
I
started
to
make
progress.
In
fact,
English
has
become
one
of
my
strengths
now.
答案：
When
I
was
young,
I
had
no
interest
English
classes.
I
enjoyed
other
，
but
I
didn't
like
English.
I
was
unable
to
pronounce
those
words
.
My
English
scores
were
unacceptable
and
I
even
wanted
give
up.
Luckily,
my
English
teacher
lent
me
hand.
She
gave
me
several
useful
tips
on
learning
English
and
encouraged
to
talk
with
her
in
English.
Then
something
happened.
It
all
to
make
sense.
I
took
pride
in
to
people.
I
didn't
feel
like
a
failure
any
more
and
I
started
to
make
progress.
In
fact,
English
has
become
one
of
my
strengths
now.
第一处：on→in have
interest
in...“对……有兴趣”。
第二处：subject→subjects 考查名词复数形式。other
subjects“其他科目”。
第三处：correct→correctly correctly修饰动词pronounce。
第四处：wanted后加to want
to
do
sth.“想要做某事”。
第五处：the→a lend
sb.
a
hand
“帮某人忙”。
第六处：I→me encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，该短语中sb.应用宾格形式。
第七处：amazed→amazing amazing修饰something作后置定语。
第八处：start→started 根据上下文可知，应用一般过去时。
第九处：talk→talking 因为前有介词in，因此用动词 ing形式。
第十处：去掉as feel
like...“感觉像/是……”，后面直接接名词，as多余，把as去掉。话题素材——粮食耕种
好词
1.waste
n.
&
vt.
浪费 2.worsen
v.
恶化；使……变得更坏
3.agriculture
n.
农业
4.severe
adj.
严峻的
5.decline
vi.
减少；下滑
6.the
struggle
for
survival
求生
7.a_lack_of
缺少；短缺
8.rid...of...
使……摆脱掉……
9.be_abundant__in...
富含有
10.call
on/appeal
to
号召/呼吁
11.be
concerned
about
关心
12.twice
as
much
as...
和……的两倍一样多
13.be
considered
as...
被认为是……
14.food_supply
食物供应
15.farming
method
耕作方法
佳句
1.As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it
is
a_good_virtue
for
us
to
“clear
your
plate”，
especially
when_having_dinner_with_our_friends.
我个人认为，“清干净盘中的食物”对我们来说是一种美德，特别是与朋友聚餐的时候。
2.Lots
of
farmland
has
been
lost
due_to_the_rapid_development_of
industry
and
urbanization.
由于工业化和城市化的迅速发展，许多农田已经大量流失。
3.All
animals
and
plants
are
important,
because
each
species
contributes
to
the
variety
of
life
forms
on
the
earth
and
plays_an_important_role_in
maintaining
life.
所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命形式的多样性，而且对维持生命起到了重要的作用。
[精美语篇]
Food
shortage
As
we
all
know,
food
shortage
has
hit
many
countries
and
even
caused
social
unrest
in
some
areas.
But
what
has
caused
the
current
world
food
crisis
Firstly,
annual
world
grain
output
has
declined
because
of
climate
change.
Secondly,
lots
of
farmland
has
given
way
to
factories
and
buildings
due
to
the
rapid
development
of
industry
and
urbanization.
Besides,
faced
with
the
rising
energy
prices,
some
people
use
grain
for
biofuel,
which
has
worsened
the
severe
situation.
How
can
we
deal
with
the
problem
On
the
one
hand,
we
should
focus
on
the
environmental
protection
and
improve
the
ecology.
On
the
other
hand,
strict
measures
should
be
taken
to
protect
farmland.
If
the
whole
world
works
together,
more
food
will
be
produced
and
we
can
create
a
harmonious
world.
高频单词
1．expand
(vt.&vi.)
使变大；伸展→expansion
(n.)
扩张；扩展
2．reduce
(vt.)
减少；减缩→reduction
(n.)
减少；缩小
3．skim
(vt.)
浏览；略读→skimmed
(过去式/过去分词)
4．underline
(vt.)
画底线标出；强调
5．struggle
(vi.&n.)
斗争；拼搏；努力
6．output
(n.)
产量；输出→input
(n.)
投入；输入
7．therefore
(adv.)
因此；所以；因而
8．regret
(vt.)
遗憾；惋惜
(n.)
遗憾；懊悔→regretted
(过去式/过去分词)→regretful
(adj.)
后悔的；失望的；遗憾的
9．focus
(n.)
焦点；中心点
(vt.)
集中；聚焦
10．comment
(n.)
评论；议论
(vi.&vt.)
表达意见；作出评论11．circulate
(vt.&vi.)
循环；流传→circulation
(n.)
循环
12．export
(vt.&vi.)
输出；出口→import
(vt.&vi.)
输入；进口
13．hunger
(n.)
饥饿；欲望
(vt.&vi.)
(使)饥饿→hungry
(adj.)
饥饿的
14．disturbing
(adj.)
引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb
(vt.)
搅乱；弄乱；干扰
15．freedom
(n.)
自由；自主→free
(adj.)
自由的；自主的→freely
(adv.)
自由地；自主地
16．equip
(vt.&vi.)
配备；装备→equipment
(n.)
装备；配置→equipped
(过去式/过去分词)
17．occupation
(n.)
工作；职业；占领→occupy
(vt.)
占领；占据
18．confuse
(vt.)
使迷惑；使为难→confusion
(n.)
困惑；迷惑
19．production
(n.)
生产；制造→produce
(vt.)
生产；制造→product
(n.)
产品→producer
(n.)
生产者；制片人
20．discovery
(n.)
发现；发觉→discover
(vt.)
发现；发觉
21．chemical
(adj.)
化学的；关于化学的→chemistry
(n.)
化学
22．summary
(n.)
总结；摘要；概要→summarize
(vt.)
总结；概括；概述
23．nutrition
(n.)
营养；滋养；食物→nutritious
(adj.)
有营养的；营养丰富的
重点短语
1．thanks_to
幸亏；由于；因为
2．get_rid_of
摆脱；除去
3．be_satisfied_with
对……感到满意
4．would_rather
宁愿；宁可
5．build_up
逐渐增强；建立；开发
6．lead_to
导致；造成(后果)
7．focus_on
集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．be_rich_in
盛产；富于
9．keep...free_from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等);
使……不含(有害物)
10．prefer...to...
喜欢……胜过……
11．make_a_difference
有关系；有影响
热点句型
1．if
so状语从句的省略形式
If_so
(如果这样的话),
what
did
you
do
to
grow
them
(教材P9)
2．the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式
In
1973,
he
became
the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_
world_to_grow_rice
(世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋)
that
has
a
high
output.
(教材P10)
3．make
it＋adj.＋动词不定式
This
special
strain
of
rice
makes_it_possible_to_produce
(使生产……成为可能)
20%
more
of
the
crop
in
the
same
fields.
(教材P10)
4．would
rather
do...
“宁愿做……”
He
would
much
rather
(宁愿)
keep
time
for
his
hobbies.
(教材P10)
5．倍数＋as...as...
Using
his
hybrid
rice,
farmers
are
producing
harvests
twice_as_large_as_before
(比以前多了一倍).
(教材P10)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Indeed,
his
sunburnt
face
and
arms
and
his
slim,
strong
body
are
just
like
________
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
________
whom
he
has
struggled
for
the
past
five
decades.
答案：those;
for
2．Since
then,
finding
ways
to
grow
more
rice
________(be)
his
life
goal.
答案：has
been
3．________he
is
one
of
China's
most
famous
scientists,
Yuan
Longping
considers
himself
a
farmer.
答案：Although
4．________(bear)
in
1930,
Dr
Yuan
graduated
from
Southwest
Agricultural
College
in
1953.
答案：Born
5．Spending
money
on
himself
or
________
(lead)
a
comfortable
life
also
________
(mean)
very
little
to
him.
答案：leading;
means
6．Now
more
than
60%
of
the
rice
________
(produce)
in
China
each
year
is
from
this
hybrid
strain.
答案：produced
7．These
________
(increase)
harvests
mean
that
22%
of
the
world's
people
________
(feed)
from
just
7%
of
the
farmland
in
the
world.
答案：increased;
are
fed
8．Over
the
past
half
century,
________
(use)
chemical
fertilizers
________
(become)
very
common
in
farming.
答案：using;
has
become
9．They
feel
that
this
makes
the
soil
in
their
fields
________
(rich)
in
minerals
and
so
more
fertile.
答案：richer
10．Crops
such
as
peas
or
soybeans
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
soil,
________
(make)
it
ready
for
crops
such
as
wheat
or
corn.答案：making
1 struggle vi.努力；奋斗；同……斗争；挣扎；奋力前进 n．竞争；努力；奋斗
Indeed,
his
sunburnt
face
and
arms
and
his
slim,
strong
body
are
just
like
those
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
for
whom
he
has
struggled
for
the
past
five
decades.(P10)
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他数百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
归纳拓展
struggle
for
为……而斗争
struggle
with/against
与……作斗争；同……搏斗
struggle
to_do
sth.
努力做某事
struggle
to
one's
feet
挣扎着站起来
语境助记
①[2016·北京高考]Because
a
college
community
(群体)
differs
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle_to_find
a
sense
of
belonging.
因为大学群体不同于家庭，很多学生会努力寻找一种归属感。
②Most
animals
have
to
struggle_for
existence
in
the
dangerous
world.
大多数动物得在这个充满危险的世界上为生存而竞争。
③We
have
to
struggle_with/against
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
我们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。
④Those
climbers
struggled_against
the
strong
wind
and
finally
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
那些登山者在强风中艰难地行进，最终到达山顶。
⑤The
soldier
was
badly
wounded
but
he
struggled_to_his_feet
at
last.
这个战士受了重伤，但最后他还是挣扎着站了起来。
2 equip (equipped,
equipped)
vi.&
vt.配备；装备
He
therefore
gives
millions
of
yuan
to
equip
others
for
their
research
in
agriculture.(P10)
因此他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
归纳拓展
(1)equip...with...
用……装备……
be
equipped
with
装备着……
be
well/poorly
equipped
设备精良的/较差的
(2)equipment
n.
装备；设备(不可数名词)
a_piece_of
equipment
一件设备
语境助记
①We
students
should
equip_ourselves_with_knowledge
for
the
competition
nowadays
is
very
fierce.
我们学生应该用知识武装我们自己，因为当今社会竞争非常的激烈。
②It
is
often
said
that
human
beings
are
naturally
equipped
with_the_ability_to_speak.
人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。
③Equipped_with
much
experience
in
teaching,
Mr
Wang
is
the
most
popular
maths
teacher
I
have
ever
met.
王老师具有丰富的教学经验，他是我遇到的最受欢迎的数学老师。
④[2016·北京高考]Thus,
these
well－equipped
people
survived
because
they
were
the
fittest.
这样，因为他们最合适，这些准备充分的人们幸存了下来。
⑤My
mother
bought
a_piece_of
useful
equipment
for
the
kitchen
yesterday.
昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。
3 regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔
His
father
says
that
he
has
never
regretted
sending
his
son
to
study
abroad.(P13)
他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。
归纳拓展
(1)regret
sth.
后悔；遗憾某事
regret
that从句 遗憾……
regret
doing
sth.＝
regret
having_done
sth.
后悔做过某事
regret
to_do
sth.
遗憾要做某事(事儿还未做)
(2)much
to
the
regret
of
sb.使某人非常遗憾的是……
feel
regretful
for
为……感到后悔
with
great/deep
regret
很遗憾
have
no
regrets
没有遗憾
(3)regretful
adj.
后悔的；失望的；遗憾的
语境助记
①I
have
always
regretted
not_having_studied
hard
at
school.
我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。
②I
regret_that
I
have
made
such
a
silly
mistake.
我真后悔犯了那样一个愚蠢的错误。
③We
regret_to_inform_you_that
your
application
has
not
been
successful.
我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。
④Much_to_our_regret,_we
will
not
be
able
to
visit
you
next
year.
让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。
⑤[牛津高阶]I
have_no_regrets
about
leaving
Newcastle.
我一点也不后悔离开纽卡斯尔。
⑥I
saw
a_regretful_look
on
her
face
when
she
left.
她走时，我能看出她很失望。
4 reduce vt.减少；减缩；降低；使……陷入某种更坏的状态(常用于被动语态)
A
healthy
soil
reduces
disease
and
helps
crops
grow
strong
and
healthy.(P14)
肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
归纳拓展
(1)reduce...to...
减少……到……；使某物变为……
reduce
by
减少了……
be
reduced
to...沦落为……；被迫……(to为介词)
(2)reduce
sb.
to
tears/silence
使某人流泪/沉默
reduction
n．缩小；减少
语境助记
①[2016·四川高考]Simple
improvements
to
infrastructure
(基础设施)
can
reduce_the_spread
of
disease.
基础设施的简单改善能够减少疾病的传播。
②[牛津高阶]Costs
have_been_reduced_by
20%
over
the
past
year.
过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。
③This
year,
the
number
of
cities
producing
CO
beyond
the
standard
has
been
reduced_from
40
to
9.
今年，一氧化碳排放超标的城市数量从40个减到了9个。
④Due
to
a
lack
of
food
in
the
hard
time,
many
people
were_reduced_to_eating
grass
and
leaves.
在困难时期由于缺少粮食，许多人被迫吃草和树叶。
⑤She
was
reduced_to_tears
by
their
criticism.
他们的批评使她流下了眼泪。
⑥There
has
been
some_reduction
in
unemployment.
失业人数有所减少。
过关演练
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．They
hope
that
the
new
model
will
go
into
________
(produce)
next
year.
答案：production 考查词性转换。production
名词，“生产；制造”。
2．Progress
so
far
has
been
very
good.
________，
we
are
sure
that
the
project
will
be
completed
on
time.
答案：Therefore 考查副词。结合语意可知，此处表示因果关系，且是副词，故填Therefore。
3．The
children
talked
so
loudly
at
dinner
table
that
I
had
to
struggle
________
(hear)．
答案：to
be
heard 考查固定搭配。struggle
to
do
sth.意为“努力做某事”。且hear与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故填to
be
heard。
4．With
its
focus
divided,
the
lion
became
________
(confuse)
and
is
unsure
about
what
to
do
next.
答案：confused 考查词性转换。系动词后填形容词，此处表示“困惑的”，故填confused。
5．She
made
helpful
comments
________
my
work.
答案：on/about 考查介词。make
comments
on/about
“对……进行评论”。
6．All
applicants
will
be
considered
regardless
of
age,
sex,
religion
or
________
(national)．
答案：nationality 考查词性转换。nationality
名词，意为“国籍”。
7．She
was
so
________
(hunger)
for
success
that
she'd
do
anything
to
achieve
it.
答案：hungry 考查词性转换。此处，应为形容词作表语，be
hungry
for
sth.“渴望某事物”。
8．________
news
came
that
the
Ebola
Virus
spread
quickly,
which
made
us
rather
________.
(disturb)
答案：Disturbing;
disturbed 考查词形转换。第一空修饰news，表示“令人不安的”，用disturbing；第二空修饰us作宾补，故填disturbed。
9．She
is
old
enough
to
have
the
________
(free)
to
do
what
she
likes.答案：freedom 考查词性转换。由空前的the可知，此处应填名词，故填freedom。
10．________
(occupy)
herself
with
routine
office
tasks,
she
had
no
time
to
be
an
adventurer.
答案：Occupying 考查分词作状语。根据句式分析，occupy与其逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，故填Occupying。
1 be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
Yuan
Longping
is
quite
satisfied
with
his
life.(P10)
袁隆平很满意他的生活。
归纳拓展
(1)with
sb./sth.
对某人/某物感到满意
be
satisfied
to_do
sth.
对做……感到满意
(2)satisfy
vt.
使满意
satisfy
one's
curiosity
满足某人的好奇心
satisfaction
n.
满足；满意
to
one's
satisfaction
使某人满意的是
语境助记
①[牛津词典]She's
never
satisfied_with
what
she's
got.
她对自己的所得从不感到满足。
②The
education
system
must
satisfy_the_needs
of
all
children.
教育体系必须满足所有儿童的需要。
③[2016·浙江高考]I
have
noticed
three
effects
of
gossip:
it
can
hurt
people,
it
can
give
gossipers
a
strange
kind_of_satisfaction,_and
it
can
cause
social
pressures
in
a
group.
我已注意到流言的三个效果：它能伤害他人，它能给散播流言的人某种满足感，并且能在一个群体里引起社交压力。
④To_my_great_satisfaction,_my
boss
agreed
to
my
suggestion
put
forward
at
the
meeting.
令我非常满足的是，我的老板同意了我在会议上提出来的建议。
2 build
up
逐渐增强；建立；
开发；
增进
These
chemicals
in
the
food
supply
build
up
in
people's
bodies
over
time.(P14)
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。
归纳拓展
(1)build
up
a
fame
建立名声
build
up
one's
health/body
增强体质
(2)与副词up搭配的其他短语
grow
up
长大
cut
up
切碎
put
up
搭起；建起
set
up
建立
speed
up
加速
give
up
放弃
add
up
加起来；合计
come
up
上升；走近；发芽
pick
up
捡起；学会
take
up
拿起；开始；从事
look
up
向上看；查找
eat
up
吃光；吃完
语境助记
①Exercise
will
help
build_up
the
muscles.
锻炼将有助于增强肌肉。
②Therefore,
let's
take
the
responsibility
to
build_up
a
low carbon
city
by
riding
bicycles.
所以，让我们通过骑自行车来承担起建立一个低碳城市的责任。
③To
learn
a
language
well
you
must
build_up
a
useful
vocabulary.
要学好一种语言，你必须逐步积累有用的词汇。
④He
has
built_up
a
good
business
over
the
years
from
a
small
beginning.
几年后他已从小本经营发展为一个大的企业。
⑤Peter
will
take_up
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
彼得在下个月末将从事旅行社负责人的职位。
3 lead
to
导致；造成(后果)；通往
Many
of
these
chemicals
can
lead
to
cancer
or
other
illnesses.(P14)
很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。
归纳拓展
lead/have/live
a(n)．..life
过着……的生活
lead
the
way
带路
lead
sb.
into
带某人进入
lead
sb.
to
someplace
带领某人去某地
lead
sb.
to_do
sth.
使得/诱使某人做某事
lead
up
to
通向
名师点睛
语境助记
①This
will
probably
lead_to_trouble
in
the
future.
这在以后将可能导致麻烦。
②[2016·浙江高考]Studying
babies'
play
may
lead_to
a
better
understanding
of
science.
研究婴儿的玩耍有利于(我们)更好地了解科学研究。
③This
information
led_the_police_to
a
house
near
the
harbour.
警察根据这个情报来到了港湾附近的一座房子。
④This
has
led_scientists_to_think_out
other
solutions
to
the
problem.
这就使得科学家思考其他解决问题的方法。
⑤The
discovery
of
new
evidence
led
to
the
thief's
being_caught.
新证据的发现使得小偷被抓。
⑥He
decided
to
lead_a_new_life
after
the
unusual
experience.
这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。
⑦The
receptionist
led_the_way
to
the
boardroom.
接待员领路来到董事会会议室。
⑧[一言辨异]With
him
leading_the_way,_we
got
there
without
any
difficulty.
But
for
him,
we
would
have
been
lost,
which
would
lead_to
serious
consequences.
His
action
led_us_to_believe
that
he
was
our
true
friend.
有他带路，我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他，我们就有可能迷路了，这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。
4 focus
on
集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚焦于
They
focus
on
keeping
their
soil
rich
and
free
of
disease.(P14)
他们集中注意力在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害上。
归纳拓展
(1)focus
on集中于……
focus
one's
attention/eyes/energy
on集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the
focus
of
attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点
(3)adjust
the
focus
调整焦距
in
focus
对准焦距
out_of
focus
没对准焦距
(4)表示“集中注意力/精力于……”的其他短语
①pay
attention
to
sth.
②put
one's
heart
into
sth.
③fix
one's
attention
on
sth.
④concentrate
one's
attention
on
sth.
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Most
of
us
are
more
focused_on
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
我们大多数人早上会比一天中其他时候注意力更集中在工作上。
②If
you
don't
concentrate
your_attention_on
work,
you
will
achieve
nothing.
如果你不把心思放在工作上，你终将一事无成。
③Health
and
environmental
problems
have
increasingly
become
the_focus_of_attention/concern.
健康和环境问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。
④The
children's
faces
were
badly
out_of_focus
in
the
photograph.
照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊。图解助记
focus
过关演练
选词填空
build
up；
lead
to；
focus
on；
thanks
to；
get
rid
of；
be
satisfied
with；
keep...free
from...；
make
a
difference；
with
the
hope
of；
be
rich
in
1．Modern
science
has
given
clear
evidence
that
smoking
can
________
many
diseases.
答案：lead
to
2．I've
tried
very
hard
to
improve
my
English.
But
by
no
means
________
the
teacher
________
my
progress.
答案：is;
satisfied
with
3．It
didn't
take
me
long
to
________
the
basic
knowledge
of
the
language.
答案：build
up
4．There
are
many
examples
of
students'
________
their
addiction
to
the
Internet
after
receiving
education
in
our
training
class.
答案：getting
rid
of
5．When
Lisa
stood
before
the
audience,
she
felt
very
uneasy
with
all
eyes
________
her.
答案：focused
on
6．I
don't
think
it
________
what
color
it
is.
答案：makes
a
difference
7．As
we
all
know
oranges
________
vitamin
C.
答案：are
rich
in
8．He
did
all
he
could
to
please
the
boss
________
getting
promoted.
答案：with
the
hope
of
9．________
the
help
of
a
native
villager,
we
got
out
of
the
dark
cave
safely.
答案：Thanks
to
10．Balanced
diet
and
proper
exercise
can
________
you
________
disease.
答案：keep;
free
from
1 If_so,_what
did
you
do
to
grow
them？(P9)
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
归纳拓展
if
so如果是这样的话，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if
not。
when,
whenever,
though,
although,
unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。
if构成的其他省略形式：
if
any 如果有的话
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
necessary
如果必要的话
if
ever
如果有过的话(曾经发生)语境助记
①Do
you
agree
that
I
will
put
our
visit
to
Yunnan
off
If_so,_write
back
to
tell
me
about
it
as
soon
as
possible.
你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。
②The
climate
here
is
quite
pleasant,
the
temperature
rarely,
if_ever,_reaching
30℃
in
summer.
这里的气候宜人，即使曾经发生过，在夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。
③There
are
few,
if_any,_mistakes
in
the
book.
那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。
④If_possible,_try
and
go
to
bed
and
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和同一时间起床。
⑤I
hope
to
see
you
there
but,
if_not,_I'll
call
you.
我希望在那里能见到你，如果没有的话，我会给你打电话的。
2 He
would
much
rather
keep
time
for
his
hobbies.(P10)
他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
归纳拓展
(1)would
rather 宁愿……，常用来表示选择的意愿
would
rather
(not)
do
sth.
宁愿(不)做某事
宁愿做某事(而)
不愿做某事/与
其做某事倒不
如做某事
(3)would
rather＋从句(谓语)
(4)would
rather
have_done
本来想做……而未实现
语境助记
①[2016·浙江高考]You
are
only
one
person,
and
you
do
not
have
time
to
waste
on
people
who
would_rather
cause
drama
or
mess
up
with
your
purpose.
你只是一个人，你没有时间浪费在那些会带来麻烦或弄乱你的目标的人身上。
②We
would
rather
our
daughter
stayed_at_home
with
us,
but
it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩子了。
③I'd
rather
you
hadn't_told
me
the
truth
yesterday.
我宁愿你昨天没把事实告诉我。
④He
would_rather_die
than
give
in
to
the
enemy.
他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
3 Recently,
however,
scientists
have_been_finding
that
long term
use
of
these
fertilizers
can
cause
damage
to
the
land
and,
even
more
dangerous,
to
people's
health.(P14)
然而，最近科学家已发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
归纳拓展
have
been
finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。其谓语构成形式为have/has＋been＋doing。
语境助记
①For
days
the
kids
have_been_looking_for
others
we
can
help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助的其他人。
②It's
been
a
month
since
I
came
to
this
new
school
and
I
really
want
to
share
with
you
some
of
the
problems
I_have_been_experiencing.
来这所新学校已有一个月了，我真想与你分享一下我所经历的一些问题。
③No
wonder
you
are
so
tired.
You
have_been_working
all
day.
难怪你这么累，你已工作一整天了。
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．—Where
is
Peter
I
can't
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
________
(write)
his
essay
there
ever
since.
答案：has
been
writing 考查动词时态。根据时间状语ever
since可知，此处用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在而且还在进行。
2．As
is
known
to
us,
we
now
live
in
________
is
called
Information
Age.
答案：what 考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，故应用what。
3．McDonald's
is
very
popular
in
the
world,
________
(make)
it
the
biggest
fast
food
corporation.
答案：making 考查分词作结果状语。make与逗号前的内容之间为顺承主动关系，故填making。
4．If
I
have
any
further
news,
you
will
be
the
first
person
________
(know)
it.
答案：to
know 考查“the
first＋名词＋动词不定式”结构。句意：如果我有进一步的消息，你将是第一个知道的人。
5．—What
about
going
camping
again
this
weekend
—I'd
rather
not.
I'd
rather
________
(stay)
at
home
and
read
my
novel.
答案：stay 考查would
rather
do
sth.，意为“宁愿做某事”。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
______________
tell
one
from
the
other.
这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人发现难以区分她们。
答案：find
it
difficult
to
2．—Did
you
find
the
missing
couple
in
the
mountain
yesterday
——你们找到昨天在山中失踪的那对夫妇了吗？
—No,
but
we
__________________
to
get
in
touch
with
them
ever
since.
——没有，但是自从那以后，我们一直在尽力和他们取得联系。
答案：have
been
struggling
3．He
is
ready
to
help
others,
seldom,
__________，
refusing
them
when
they
turn
to
him.
他非常乐于助人，当别人求助于他的时候，他很少(如果曾经有过的话)拒绝他们。
答案：if
ever
动词 ing形式作主语和宾语
动词 ing作主语
1．动词 ing形式作主语往往表示经常性，习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
Going
fishing
is
my
favourite
sport.
2．动词 ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。常见的句型有：
It
is/was
It
is
no
use
complaining.
It
is
a
waste
of
time
talking
about
such
useless
things.
动词 ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid,
miss,
advise,
finish,
practise,
enjoy,
escape,
risk,
mind,
stand,
imagine等。
We
were
lucky
to
escape
being
punished.
I
tried
to
avoid
making
the
same
mistake.
2．英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词 ing形式作宾语。
常见的跟动词 ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist
on,
object
to,
be
good
at,
be
fond
of,
lead
to,
put
off,
give
up,
look
forward
to,
feel
like,
devote
to,
get
used
to,
pay
attention
to,
be
worth等。
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
I
have
never
dreamed
of
visiting
that
place.
3．有些动词或词组后既可跟动词 ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。
stop/mean/try/remember/forget/regret
be
afraid
When
I
came
in,
he
stopped
reading
and
looked
up
at
me.
Please
remember
to
send
the
letter
this
morning.
4．下列动词可接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve
doing＝need/want/require/deserve
to
be
done
The
old
temple
needs
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]________
(have)
your
grandchildren
far
away
is
hard,
especially
________
(know)
your
adult
child
is
struggling,
but
________
(give)
up
the
life
you
know
may
be
harder.
答案：Having;
knowing;
giving 考查动名词和现在分词的用法。分析句子结构可知，第一空和第三空所在句子都没有主语，因此用动名词作主语，第二空所在句子作时间状语，故应填know的现在分词形式。
2．________(injure)
in
the
leg
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
walk
as
fast
as
usual.
答案：Being
injured 考查动名词短语作主语。此处应表示“受伤”，且从句子结构中可知，此处填动名词作主语，故填Being
injured。
3．While
shopping,
people
sometimes
can't
help
________
(persuade)
into
buying
something
they
don't
really
need.
答案：being
persuaded 考查动名词短语作宾语。结合语意可知，persuade与逻辑主语people之间为被动关系，故填being
persuaded。
4．If
you
think
that
treating
a
kid
well
means
always
________
(give)
him
what
he
wants,
you
are
totally
wrong.
答案：giving 考查固定搭配。mean
doing意为“意味着做……”，mean
to
do意为“打算做……”。
5．________
(ignore)
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
答案：Ignoring 考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知，该句没有主语，因此填动名词作主语。
Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时17′)
[2017·双鸭山一中质检]On
Mother's
Day,
I
was
expecting
my
grown
children
to
come
back
home
and
spend
the
day
with
me.
Fifteen
years
earlier,
I
was
a
single
mom
with
two
children,
a
__1__
job
and
a
long
commute
(通勤路程).
So
I
had
to
shop
for
groceries
and
plan
for
the
next
week
on
weekends.
__2__，
I
went
shopping
on
Sunday.
When
I
__3__
to
the
cashier
that
the
store
was
really
quiet
that
day,
she
replied,
“It's
always
__4__
on
Mother's
Day.
You
must
be
the
only
__5__
out
there
shopping.”
I
know
she
was
__6__
telling
the
truth
and
she
did
not
mean
to
__7__
me.
Needless
to
say,
all
I
could
do
was
to
finish
paying
and
get
to
my
car.
I
hadn't
__8__
realized
it
was
Mother's
Day.
My
children
were
too
young
to
know
it.
How
__9__
I
really
was!
I
was
excited
to
see
my
__10__
soon.
I
decided
to
treat
myself
to
an
ice
tea
and
__11__
to
the
sandwich
shop
next
door.
It
was
__12__
except
for
a
mom
and
her
son
ahead
of
me.
__13__
this
was
a
single
mom,
celebrating
Mother's
Day
with
her
son
in
the
sandwich
shop.
When
she
finished
__14__，
I
handed
the
cashier
a
$20
bill
and
said,
“This
is
my
treat.
Happy
Mother's
Day！”
The
cashier
was
__15__
for
a
moment
and
the
woman
searched
my
face
to
see
if
she
__16__
me.
Wayne
Dyer
once
__17__
the
power
of
kindness.
He
said
studies
showed
that
not
only
do
the
giver
and
receiver
of
an
act
of
kindness
__18__，
but
an
observer
benefits
in
exactly
the
same
way.
The
mom
and
her
son
felt
__19__
because
she
had
been
honored
and
received
an
unexpected
__20__.
I
felt
good
because
I
felt
I
had
honored
that
part
of
me
that
wasn't
honored
all
those
years
ago.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己在母亲节的经历，向读者阐释一个道理：无论是给予他人的善行还是接受别人的善举，都在传递着正能量。
1．A.routine
B．demanding
C．well－paid
D．miserable
答案：A 根据下文的“a
long
commute”以及作者描述的一系列一天的工作，可知答案是routine
(常规)。
2．A.As
usual
B．Seldom
C．Occasionally
D．For
once
答案：A 根据上下文可知，作者每周日都要去购物，故应填as
usual
(像往常一样)。
3．A.reported
B．explained
C．commented
D．suggested
答案：C 根据下文的“the
store
was
really
quiet,
she
replied”可知，此处为作者对今天超市的情况作出评论(comment)。
4．A.classic
B．crowded
C．special
D．quiet
答案：D 从上文的“the
store
was
really
quiet
that
day”可找到暗示。句意：收银员说，通常在母亲节那天，超市非常安静(quiet)。
5．A.customer
B．mother
C．parent
D．driver
答案：B
由语境可知，由于店里顾客很少，又是母亲节，所以收银员说作者是那天唯一前来购物的母亲(mother)。
6．A.simply
B．deliberately
C．proudly
D．politely
答案：A
由下文的关键信息“并非有意……”，可知这位收银员仅仅是说出了实情。
7．A.warn
B．discourage
C．hurt
D．remind
答案：C
由上下文可知，收银员仅仅(simply)在回答作者的问题，并非有意要伤害(hurt)作者。因为在母亲节，多数母亲都会和家人一起庆贺，而不会外出购物。
8．A.just
B．still
C．ever
D．even
答案：D
从上文可知，作者甚至没有意识到那天是母亲节，她是在听了收银员的话以后才知道的。even意为“甚至”。
9．A.defeated
B．alone
C．stubborn
D．warm－hearted
答案：B'alone意为“孤单的；孤独的”。作者的孩子太小而不懂得母亲节的意义，也没有其他人给作者送来母亲节礼物，所以她感到非常孤单。
10．A.children
B．husband
C．friends
D．neighbors
答案：A
由语境可知，作者外出购物，很想尽早回家见到孩子们(children)。
11．A.rode
B．drove
C．walked
D．escaped
答案：C
从下文的“next
door”可知，这家三明治店就在附近，所以作者是走过去(walk)的。
12．A.clean
B．excellent
C．elegant
D．empty
答案：D
由下文可知，除了一对母子在这家店以外，没有其他顾客，所以超市里很空荡(empty)。
13．A.Luckily
B．Obviously
C．Fortunately
D．Sadly
答案：B
Obviously意为“显而易见”。作者从自己的经历推断，店里的这位母亲显然(obviously)也是位单亲母亲。
14．A.ordering
B．parking
C．eating
D．packing
答案：A'order意为“点餐”。从下文可知，在这位母亲选好要购买的食品后，作者把钱递给收银员来替她买单。
15．A.encouraged
B．grateful
C．confused
D．embarrassed
答案：C
由上下文可知，作者主动替别人买单，这一举动让收银员非常困惑(confused)。
16．A.remembered
B．recognized
C．met
D．knew
答案：D
结合语境可知，同样，这位母亲也很迷惑，盯着作者看，看是否认识作者。
17．A.passed
on
B．talked
about
C．asked
for
D．looked
back
答案：B
根据下文的said可找到暗示，韦恩·戴尔曾经谈到(talk
about)善举的作用。
18．A.benefit
B．interest
C．understand
D．learn
答案：A
benefit意为“得益；受益”。句意：善行不仅能使给予者和接受者受益匪浅，甚至也能让旁观者收获良多。
19．A.unsatisfied
B．understandable
C．good
D．anxious
答案：C
由上下文可知，这位母亲和孩子感到很高兴(good)。
20．A.surprise
B．sympathy
C．invitation
D．gift
答案：D'由语境可知，作者主动替这位母亲买单，这位母亲收到了一份意想不到的礼物(gift)。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
A
European
team
proposed
a
new
explanation
for
why
children
growing
up
on
farms
are
far
better
protected
against
asthma
(哮喘)
and
allergies.
The
protective
effect
may
be
created
by
a
particular
protein
called
A20,
which
the
body
produces
upon
contacting
with
farm
dust,
according
to
the
team.
The
findings
may
represent
a
major
step
forward
toward
the
development
of
an
asthma
vaccine.
For
the
study,
the
researchers
first
exposed
mice
to
farm
dust
extract,
a
bacterial
component
called
endotoxin
(内毒素),
every
other
day
for
two
weeks.
They
then
presented
these
mice
with
allergy－driving
house
dust
mites
(螨),
which
often
cause
asthma
in
people,
finding
that
mice
that
had
been
regularly
exposed
to
endotoxin
did
not
develop
allergic
features,
while
control
mice
did.
These
findings
were
then
tested
in
patients.
The
results
showed
that
people
suffering
from
asthma
and
allergies
have
a
deficiency
in
the
protective
protein
A20,
explaining
why
they
react
to
allergies
so
severely.
“Discovering
how
farm
dust
provides
this
type
of
protection
has
certainly
put
us
on
the
right
track
toward
developing
an
asthma
vaccine
and
new
allergy
therapies，”Hammad
said.
“However,__several_years_of_research_are_required_still_before_they_will_be_available_to_patients.”
Some
experts
cautioned
that
the
newly
uncovered
mechanism
does
not
entirely
explain
the
protective
effect
of
farm
life.
For
example,
it
is
commonly
known
that
drinking
raw
cow's
milk
can
provide
protection
against
allergies,
but
that
effect
is
unlikely
to
involve
the
lung
epithelium
(上皮细胞)．
篇章导读：本文是一篇科技说明文。详细介绍了一个欧洲团队的研究发现：在农场长大的孩子因为接触过尘螨而更不易患上哮喘或者过敏症。
1．From
the
first
paragraph
we
can
learn
that________.
A．children
growing
up
on
farms
are
affected
by
A20
B．the
bodies
of
children
growing
up
on
farms
produces
A20
C．children
growing
up
on
farms
seldom
get
asthma
and
allergies
D．the
European
team
presented
an
idea
for
children
growing
up
on
farms
答案：C'细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A
European
team
proposed
a
new
explanation
for
why
children
growing
up
on
farms
are
far
better
protected
against
asthma
and
allergies.”可知，在农场长大的孩子不易患上哮喘或者过敏症。故选C项。
2．What
did
the
researchers
do
for
the
study
A．They
presented
mice
with
some
dust.
B．They
tested
mice
in
an
allergy－driving
house.
C．They
offered
mice
a
bacterial
component
every
other
day.
D．They
exposed
mice
to
endotoxin
every
two
days
for
two
weeks.
答案：D'细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“...the
researchers
first
exposed
mice
to
farm
dust
extract,
a
bacterial
component
called
endotoxin,
every
other
day
for
two
weeks.”可知，D项正确。A项中“some
dust”与原文中的“farm
dust
extract
(农场灰尘提取物)”不符；第二段第三句只提及“allergy－driving
house
dust
mites”而非“in
an
allergy－driving
house”，故B项错误；C项描述不准确。
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
closest
in
meaning
to
the
underlined
sentence
above
A．Several
years
of
research
is
available
to
patients.
B．What
patients
require
is
several
years
of
research.
C．It
is
important
that
research
should
be
done
for
patients.
D．Several
years
of
research
is
needed
before
treatment
for
patients.
答案：D'句意理解题。画线句句意为：然而，在此疫苗能够在病人身上使用之前，还需要好几年的实验研究。这与D项“在(用于)治疗病人之前，还需要好几年的研究”意思相近。故选D项。
4．This
text
is
most
probably
taken
from________.
A．a
textbook
B．a
science
magazine
C．a
doctor's
notebook
D．an
advertisement
答案：B'推理判断题。根据首段提出的新发现，以及文章中的关键词“study,
research”以及“findings”可知，本文是介绍科学研究发现的文章，可能是选自科学杂志。故选B项。
1．allergy
n.
过敏反应
2．expose
vt.
使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)
3．severely
adv.
严重地；严厉地
4．caution
n．/vt.
谨慎；小心/警告；提醒
5．involve
vt.
牵扯；牵连；包含
1．suffer
from...
遭受；忍受
2．react
to
对……作出反应
B
We
take
smiles
for
granted，
but
the
evolution
of
these
and
other
facial
expressions
is
a
big
deal
for
animals,
including
humans.
Smiles
and
other
expressions
allow
us
to
communicate
our
emotional
states
to
others.
Among
primates
(灵长目动物),
because
social
living
became
more
and
more
important,
the
ability
to
quickly
indicate
fear,
excitement,
lack
of
threat
and
more
helped
our
ancestors
survive
in
the
wild.
Humans,
chimpanzees
and
other
great
apes
even
share
expressions
and
other
physical
indicators
of
pride,
which
appears
to
be
a
more
abstract
emotion.
Azim
Shariff,
a
researcher
at
the
University
of
Oregon,
studied
facial
expressions
and
found
that
chimps
reach
out
their
chests
to
show
others
that
they
are
ready
to
take
on
challenges.
“We
seem
to
share
a
number
of
expressions,
including
pride,
with
chimpanzees
and
other
apes，”
says
Shariff.
Since
cats
are
mammals
too,
we
have
many
things
in
common
with
them.
Smiling,
however,
is
not
one
of
them.
When
a
cat
shows
its
teeth
in
a
way
that
might
look
like
it's
grinning,
it
is
probably
grimacing
(做怪相),
or
is
angry
and
ready
to
use
those
teeth
to
bite
into
someone.
According
to
the
Arizona
Humane
Society,
when
a
cat
is
happy,
it
may
exhibit
these
facial
features：
·Relaxed
cheeks
that
are
not
pulled
in
·Open
ears
that
are
facing
forward
·Closed,
relaxed
mouth
·Wide
open
eyes
that
are
focused
on
you
·Whiskers
(须)
that
are
pointed
outward
and
not
spread
apart
much
Humans
tend
to
rely
a
lot
on
facial
expressions,
but
cats
use
their
bodies
to
communicate
how
they
feel.
A
happy
cat
will
tend
to
hold
its
head
and
tail
high,
with
its
tail
raised
upward
and
fur
lying
flat
on
the
body.
篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。面部表情的进化对动物而言是一件大事。人类、黑猩猩和其他类人猿使用的表情相同，同为哺乳动物的猫却不用露齿笑来展示自己的高兴。
5．What
can
we
learn
from
the
second
paragraph
A．Azim
Shariff
founded
a
shelter
for
chimps.
B．Happiness
appears
to
be
a
more
abstract
emotion.
C．Azim
Shariff
is
a
researcher
studying
facial
expressions.
D．All
animals
share
expressions
and
other
physical
indicators
of
pride.
答案：C'细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Azim
Shariff从事的是面部表情方面的研究。
6．When
a
cat
is
happy,
you
can
see
that________.
A．its
small
eyes
are
fixed
on
itself
B．its
mouth
is
closed
and
relaxed
C．its
ears
are
spread
apart
much
D．its
cheeks
are
pulled
in
答案：B'细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Closed,
relaxed
mouth”可知，当一只猫高兴时，它的嘴巴会很放松地闭着。
7．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
________.
A．a
happy
cat
holds
its
head
and
tail
lower
than
usual
B．humans
often
show
their
facial
expressions
to
strangers
C．humans
prefer
to
use
their
bodies
rather
than
facial
expressions
D．the
way
cats
show
their
feelings
differs
greatly
from
that
of
humans
答案：D'推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的转折语意可推知，猫表达感受的方式与人类的方式差别很大。
1．evolution
n.
进化
2．indicate
v.
表明；标示；显示；(用灯/手)打(行车转向信号)
3．abstract
adj.
抽象的；纯理论的
4．mammal
n.
哺乳动物
5．exhibit
vt.
展览；展出；表现
1．take...for
granted
将……视为理所当然
2．have
many
things
in
common
with...
与……有很多共同之处
Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时8′)
[2017·河北五校联考]Yesterday
morning
I
got
up
early
to
run
in
a
race.
It
was
hardly
above
freezing.
So
every
runner
was
jumping
around
trying
to
stay
warmly.
By
the
roadside
was
a
man
wrapping
in
a
blanket.
He
was
obviously
homeless
and
most
people
pretended
not
see
him.
I
went
over
and
talked
with
him.
We
talked
about
all
sort
of
things.
He
didn't
ask
me
for
anything,
and
I
wanted
to
do
something
for
him.
I
gave
him
all
the
cash
which
I
had.
At
the
first
he
didn't
want
to
accept
it
but
I
insisted.
Then
he
said
something
surprised.
He
said,
“Thank
you.
I
hadn't
talked
to
anybody
for
years.”
It
was
him
who
showed
me
how
to
smile
through
the
rough
times.
答案：
Yesterday
morning
I
got
up
early
to
run
in
a
race.
It
was
hardly
above
freezing.
So
every
runner
was
jumping
around
trying
to
stay
.
By
the
roadside
was
a
man
in
a
blanket.
He
was
obviously
homeless
and
most
people
pretended
not
see
him.
I
went
over
and
talked
with
him.
We
talked
about
all
of
things.
He
didn't
ask
me
for
anything,
I
wanted
to
do
something
for
him.
I
gave
him
all
the
cash
I
had.
At
first
he
didn't
want
to
accept
it
but
I
insisted.
Then
he
said
something
.
He
said,
“Thank
you.
I
hadn'
talked
to
anybody
for
years.”
It
was
who
showed
me
how
to
smile
through
the
rough
times.
第一处：warmly→warm stay为系动词时后接形容词。stay
warm
“保持温暖”。
第二处：wrapping→wrapped wrap与a
man是被动关系，wrapped作后置定语，省略了who
was。
第三处：not后加to pretend
not
to
do
sth.
“假装不做某事”。
第四处：sort→sorts all
sorts
of
things
“各种各样的事情”。
第五处：and→but 由句意可知，此处表转折。
第六处：which→that 因为cash前有all修饰，因此用that引导定语从句。
第七处：去掉At后的the at
first
“首先；最初”。
第八处：surprised→surprising surprising修饰something作后置定语。
第九处：hadn't→haven't 由句意及句中时间状语for
years可知，应用现在完成时。
第十处：him→he 该句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语，因此用主格代词he。●必修4●
话题素材——人物传记
好词
1.diligent
adj.
勤奋的
2.distinguished
adj.
杰出的；著名的
3.personality
n.
个性；品格
4.active
adj.
积极的；活跃的
5.educated
adj.
受过教育的；有教养的
6.have_a_gift_for
有……天赋
7.devote
oneself
to
投身于
8.be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
9.be_honored_as...
被誉为……
10.with
great
determination
and
perseverance
凭着极大的决心和毅力
11.make
a
great
contribution
to
对……作出巨大贡献
12.be
enthusiastic
about
对……热心
13.achieve/realize
one's
dream
实现某人的梦想
14.set
sb.
a
good
example
给某人树立好榜样
15.go
abroad
for
further
studies
出国深造
佳句
1.Famous_as_she_is,_she
cares
little
for
money
and
fame.
虽然她很有名，但她却不计名利。
2.Completely
devoted_to_the_people,_he
gave
his
life
in
saving
his
patients.
他忠于人民，把毕生精力都用于挽救患者的生命。
3.In_a_word,_Madame
Curie
is_regarded_as
one
of
the
greatest
scientists,
who
is
also
the
first
scientist
in
the
world
to_win_two_Nobel_Prizes.
总之，居里夫人被认为是最伟大的科学家之一，也是世界上首位获得两次诺贝尔奖的科学家。
[精美语篇]
Born
into
a
rich
family
in
Shanghai，
Song
Qingling
not
only
got
a
good
education
but
also
went
to
study
in
the
USA.
In
1915，
she
married
Dr
Sun
Yat－sen，
who
had
a
great
influence
on
China.
Later，
she
was
made
an
honorary
president
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China.
Being
kind hearted
and
easy going
for
her
whole
life，
she
devoted
herself
to
the
welfare
of
women
and
children
in
later
years.
She
started
the
China
Welfare
Institute，
which
is
intended
to
serve
women
and
children
now.
What's
more，
she
also
led
the
Women's
Federation
and
worked
hard
for
civil
rights，
democracy
and
peace.
Having
made
great
contributions
to
the
welfare
of
women
and
children
in
China，
she
is
highly
thought
of
by
the
world.
In
a
word，
she
is
such
a
great
woman
that
I
think
we
all
should
learn
from
her.
高频单词
1．respect
(vt.&n.)
尊敬；尊重；敬意
2．support
(n.&vt.)
支持；拥护→supporter
(n.)
支持者；拥护者→supporting
(adj.)
次要的；配角的；支撑的
3．campaign
(n.)
运动；战役
(vi.)
作战；参加运动
4．shade
(n.)
荫；阴凉处
(vt.)
遮住光线→(形近词)
shadow
(n.)
阴影；影子
5．emergency
(n.)
突发事件；紧急情况
emergent
(adj.)紧急的6．outspoken
(adj.)
直言的；坦诚的
7．childhood
(n.)
童年；幼年时代
8．worthwhile
(adj.)
值得的；值得做的→worth
(adj.)
值；值得的
(n.)价值→worthy
(adj.)
值得的；值得尊敬的
9．crowd
(n.)
人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤→crowded
(adj.)
拥挤的
10．behave
(v.)
举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour
(n.)
行为；举止；习性
11．observe
(vt.)
观察；观测；遵守→observation
(n.)
观察；观测
12．argue
(v.)
讨论；辩论；争论→argument
(n.)
争论；争辩；争吵
13．intend
(vt.)
计划；打算→intention
(n.)
打算；目的；意图
14．refer
(vt.&vi.)
谈到；参考；查阅→reference
(n.)
提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred
(过去式/过去分词)
15．organization
(n.)
组织；机构；团体→organize
(vt.)组织
16．connection
(n.)
连接；关系→connect
(vt.)
联系→connected
(adj.)
有联系的
17．achievement
(n.)
成就；功绩→achieve
(vt.)
取得；实现
18．entertainment
(n.)
款待；娱乐→entertain
(vt.
&
vi.)
使愉快；款待→entertained
(adj.)
愉快的；高兴的→entertaining
(adj.)
令人愉快的
19．inspire
(vt.)
鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired
(adj.)
受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring
(adj.)
鼓舞人心的→inspiration
(n.)
鼓舞；灵感
20．considerate
(adj.)
考虑周到的→consider
(v.)
考虑；认为→consideration
(n.)
考虑；体谅→considering
(prep.)
考虑到
21．deliver
(vt.)
递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery
(n.)
投递；交货；分娩
重点短语
1．fight_for
为……而战
2．crowd_in
(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
3．look_down_upon/on
蔑视；瞧不起
4．refer_to
查阅；参考；谈到
5．come_across
(偶然)遇见；碰见
6．move_off
离开；起程；出发
7．lead_a．..life
过着……的生活
8．by_chance
碰巧；凑巧
9．catch_one's_eye
引人注目
10．carry_on
继续；坚持
11．devote_oneself_to
献身于；专心于
12．work_out
解决；锻炼身体；结果是
热点句型
1．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句
Only
after
her
mother
came
to
help
her
for
the
first
few
months
was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project
(使她得以开始自己的计划).
(教材P2)
2．once引导的条件状语从句；现在分词短语作伴随状语
Once_I_stop
(一旦我停下来),
it
all
comes
crowding_in
(涌上心头)
and
I
remember
the
chimps
in
laboratories.
(教材P2)
3．it作形式主语的主语从句
Suddenly
it_hit_me
(我忽然想起)
how
difficult
it
was
for
a
woman
to
get
medical
training
at
that
time.
(教材P6)
4．It
is/was...
that/who...
强调句
Further
reading
made
me
realize
that
it_was_hard_work_and_
determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that
(是苦干、决心和善良的天性)
got
her
into
medical
school.
(教材P6)
5．形容词短语作状语
There
was
story
after
story
of
how
Lin
Qiaozhi,
tired_after_a_day's_work
(在劳累一天之后),
went
late
at
night
to
deliver
a
baby
for
a
poor
family
who
could
not
pay
her.
(教材P6)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．This
means
________
(go)
back
to
the
place
where
we
left
the
family
________
(sleep)
in
a
tree
the
night
before.
答案：going;
sleeping
2．One
important
thing
she
discovered
was
________
chimps
hunt
and
eat
meat.
答案：that
3．She
spent
years
________
(observe)
and
recording
their
daily
activities.
答案：observing
4．She
had
helped
to
set
up
special
places
________
they
can
live
safely.
答案：where
5．________(follow)
Jane's
way
of
studying
chimps,
our
group
________
(be)
all
going
to
visit
them
in
the
forest.
答案：Following;
are
6．________(watch)
a
family
of
chimps
wake
up
________
(be)
our
first
activity
of
the
day.
答案：Watching;
is
7．By
chance
I
came
________
an
article
about
a
doctor
called
Lin
Qiaozhi,
________
specialist
in
women's
diseases.
答案：across;
a
8．Everybody
sits
and
waits
in
the
shade
of
the
tree
________
the
family
began
to
wake
up
and
move
off.
答案：while
9．I
realized
that
the
text
________
(intend)
for
women
in
the
countryside.
答案：was
intended
10．It
was
a
small
book
________
(explain)
how
to
cut
the
death
rate
from
having
and
caring
for
babies.
答案：explaining
1 behave vt.&
vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
Jane
has
studied
these
families
of
chimps
for
many
years
and
helped
people
understand
how
much
they
behave
like
humans.
(P2)
简研究这些黑猩猩已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么地相似。
归纳拓展
(1)behave
well/badly
to/towards
sb.
对待某人好/差
behave
oneself
守规矩；表现得体
(2)well behaved
表现好的
badly behaved
表现差的
(3)behaviour/behavior
n.
举止；行为
mind
one's
behaviour
注意某人的举止
语境助记
①The
child
behaved_well_to/towards
other
guests
at
the
party.
那个孩子在聚会上对其他客人非常礼貌。
②If
parents
do
not
teach
their
child
how
to
behave_himself,_he
will
do
anything
at
will.
如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情会我行我素。
③I
think
all
of
us
should
mind_our_behavior
in
public
places.
我认为我们大家都应该注意我们在公共场所的行为举止。
2 observe vt.观测；观察；遵守；庆祝
She
spent
years
observing
and
recording
their
daily
activities.
(P2)
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
归纳拓展
(1)observe
sb.
do
sth.
观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe
sb.
doing
sth.
观察到某人正在做某事
observe
that
...
观察……
(2)observe
the
traffic
rules
遵守交通规则
observe
Christmas
庆祝圣诞节
(3)observation
n.
观察；观察力；观测
under
observation
在监视下
名师点睛
在被动语态中，observe后充当补足语的不带to的动词不定式中的to要还原出来，即sb./sth.
is
observed
to
do
sth.。如：He
observed
someone
open
the
door.→Someone
is
observed
to
open
the
door.他注意到有人打开了门。
语境助记
①His
neighbour
observed
a
stranger
go
into
his
house.
他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进了他的房子。
②[2016·江苏高考]Therefore,
rules
should
be
worked
out
and
strictly
observed.
因此，应该制定规则并且严格遵守。
③Tom
was
observed
stealing_something
from
the
shop.
汤姆被人看到正从商店里偷东西。
④Though
having
lived
abroad
for
years,
many
Chinese
still
observe
the
traditional
customs.
尽管在国外生活了多年，很多中国人仍然遵守传统的风俗习惯。
⑤His
order
was
to
keep
the
men
under_observation.
他下的命令是监视这些人。
图解助记
observe
巧学助记 各种“看”之口诀
看场电影用see，读书、看报用read；电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch;
observe细观察，一时注意notice。
3 respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n．敬意；方面
For
forty
years
Jane
Goodall
has
been
outspoken
about
making
the
rest
of
the
world
understand
and
respect
the
life
of
these
animals.
(P2)
40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
归纳拓展
(1)respect
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
因(做)某事而尊重某人
(2)show/have
respect
for...
尊重……
give/send
one's
respect
to
sb.
问候某人
out
of
respect
for
sb.
出于对某人的尊敬
(3)in
respect
of＝with
respect
to
就……而言；关于；至于
in
the
respect/in
some
respects
在这方面/在某些方面
(4)respectable
adj.
可敬的；值得尊敬的；体面的
respectful
adj.
有礼貌的；恭敬的
respective
adj.
各自的；分别的
语境助记
①Respect_yourself,_or
no
one
else
will
respect
you.[谚]君须自敬，人乃敬之。
②Students
should
show_respect_for
their
teachers.
学生要尊敬老师。
③Chinese
children
grow
up
with
warnings
not
to
waste
a
single
grain
of
rice,
out_of_respect
for
farmers'
labor.
中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。
④[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]It
starts
with
looking
inside
yourself
and
understanding
who
you
are
with_respect_to
the
natural
world
and
how
you
approach
the
gardening
process.
(建造自己的理想花园前)首先你要正视自己，了解对于自然界而言自己的角色以及照料花园的方法。
4 argue vi.&
vt.讨论；辩论；争论
She
has
argued
that
wild
animals
should
be
left
in
the
wild
and
not
used
for
entertainment
or
advertisements.(P2)
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
归纳拓展
(1)argue
for...
为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue
against
争辩(反对……)
argue
with
sb.
on/about/over
sth.与某人争辩某事
argue
sb.
into/out_of
doing
sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
argue
that...
认为/主张……
(2)argument
n．争论；争辩；论点
beyond
argument
无可辩解
语境助记
①As
far
as
I
know,
they
argue
for
the
right
to
vote.
据我所知，他们据理力争选举权。
②I_argue_that
every
one
of
us
should
try
our
best
to
help
those
in
need.
我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。
③It's
no
use
arguing_about_the_question_with_him
for
he
won't
change
his
opinion.
关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。
④We
tried
many
ways
to
argue_him_into_accepting
our
advice,
but
in
vain.
我们想了许多方法去说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳的。
⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]However,
Mexicans
may
use
silence
when
instructions
are
given
by
a
person
in
authority
rather
than
be
rude
to
that
person
by
arguing_with
him
or
her.
然而，当一个权威人士发布指令时，墨西哥人可能会沉默而不是与他或她粗鲁地争吵。
⑥We
had
an_argument_with
the
waiter
over
the
bill.
我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。
图解助记
5 intend vt.计划；打算
I
looked
carefully
at
the
text
and
realized
that
it
was
intended
for
women
in
the
countryside.
(P6)
我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。
归纳拓展
(1)intend
to_do
sth./doing
sth.
打算做某事
intend
sb.
to_do
sth.
打算让某人做某事
had
intended
to
do
sth.＝intended
to
have_done
sth.
过去本打算做某事
(2)be
intended
to_do
sth.
准备做某事
be
intended
for
专为……而设计；专供……用
(3)intend
that...(should)
do
sth.
打算……
(4)intention
n．打算；意图；目的
with
the
intention
of
抱有……的目的
语境助记
①[2016·北京高考]The
story
intends_to_tell
us
that
little
people
can
make
a
big
difference.
这个故事旨在告诉我们(危难来临时)小人物有时可能也会有大作为。
②They
had_intended_to_go
to
the
country
for
the
day,
but
were
put
off
by
reports
of
traffic
jams.
他们本来打算那天到乡下去，但听说交通拥挤就推迟了。
③I
didn't
think
she
intended_me_to_hear
the
remark.
我觉得她并不想让我听见那话。
④[2016·浙江高考]A
Physician's
Manual
is
most
likely
intended_for
doctors.
《医生指南》这本书最有可能是针对医生所写的。
⑤This
programme
was
set
up
with_the_intention_of
providing
help
to
homeless
people.
设立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归者。
⑥[2016·天津高考]She
had
a
firm_intention
within
herself
to
be
the
best
she
could
be.
她内心有一个坚定的信念，那就是成为最好的自我。
6 deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
There
was
story
after
story
of
how
Lin
Qiaozhi,
tired
after
a
day's
work,
went
late
at
night
to
deliver
a
baby
for
a
poor
family
who
could
not
pay
her.(P6)
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常不能给她报酬的。
归纳拓展
(1)deliver
sth.
to
sb.投递/传送某物给某人
deliver
a
speech
发表演说
be
delivered
of
a
baby＝give
birth
to
a
baby
生孩子
deliver
sb./sth.
over
to
sb.
把某人/某物移交给某人
(2)delivery
n.
投递；送货；分娩，生孩子
express
delivery
快递
名师点睛
deliver后不接双宾语，即不能说deliver
sb.
sth.，只能说deliver
sth.
to
sb.。
语境助记
①[2016·天津高考]His
parents
always
had
him
weeding
the
garden,
carrying
out
the
garbage
and
delivering
newspapers.
他的父母总是让他给花园锄草、将生活垃圾携带出去和分发报纸。
②If
you
decide
to
deliver_a_speech,_please
make
it
brief.
如果你要发表演讲，请讲简短一点。
③It
was
lucky
that
she
was_delivered_of
a
healthy
baby.
幸运的是，她生下了一个健康的婴儿。
④When
the
sale
is
complete,
you
must
deliver_the_house_over
to
the
new
owner.
买卖成交后，你必须把房子移交给新主人。
⑤[牛津高阶]Please
pay
for
goods
on
delivery.
请货到付款。
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．Having
a
large
family
________
(support),
he
took
up
two
part－time
jobs
in
his
spare
time.
答案：to
support 考查动词不定式。句意：因为有一大家子要养活，所以他业余时间打了两份工。
2．The
international
agreement,
________
(intend)
to
encourage
children
not
to
smoke
and
help
people
kick
the
habit,
was
signed
on
February
27.
答案：intended 考查分词作定语。根据“be
intended
to
do”可知，此处填过去分词，省略了which
was。
3．Police
have
so
far
failed
to
establish
a
________
(connect)
between
the
two
murders.
答案：connection 考查词性转换。由空前的a可知，此处应填名词。
4．Last
night
Bruce
was
observed
________
(leave)
the
building
with
two
young
men
and
take
a
taxi
away.
答案：to
leave 考查observe
sb.
do
sth.结构的被动形式。该结构变成被动形式后，需要把被省去的to还原。
5．Trust
is
a
learned
________
(behave)
that
we
gain
from
past
experiences.
答案：behavior/behaviour 考查词性转换。根据空前的a
learned可知，此处应填名词，两种拼写方式均正确。
6．Computers
have
replaced
televisions
as
our
most
popular
form
of
________
(entertain)．
答案：entertainment 考查词性转换。由of可知此处应填名词形式。句意：电脑已经取代电视成了最受我们欢迎的娱乐形式。
7．He
has
decided
to
get
a
book
at
the
house
and
see
if
it
might
be
worthwhile
________
(buy)
it.
答案：to
buy 考查It
is
worthwhile
to
do
sth.“值得做某事”，这一句式结构。
8．Whichever
way
you
look
at
it,
an
Olympic
silver
medal
is
a
remarkable
________
(achieve)
for
one
so
young.
答案：achievement 考查词性转换。由前面的a
remarkable可知，此处应填名词。
9．Do
you
want
to
get
this
book
________
(deliver)
to
your
house
or
would
you
prefer
to
come
to
the
shop
for
it
yourself
答案：delivered 考查分词作宾补的用法。即“get＋宾语＋宾补”，this
book与deliver之间为被动关系，故填delivered。
10．It
was
________
(consider)
of
you
not
to
play
the
piano
while
I
was
asleep.
答案：considerate 考查词性转换。considerate形容词，意为“考虑周到的”。
1 look
down
upon/on
蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
Many
people
look
down
upon
poor
people.(P4)
许多人瞧不起穷人。
归纳拓展
look
up
to
尊敬；仰视
look
forward
to
盼望；期待
look
into
调查；观察；窥视
look
up
抬头看；查阅
look
on/upon...as...
把……看作……
look
out
(for...)
注意；留意；留神(……)
look
through
浏览；仔细查看
语境助记
①Do
not
look_down_upon
him!
I
am
sure
he
is
a
diamond
in
the
rough.
别小看他！我坚信他是一个外粗内秀的人。
②The
police
have
received
the
complaint,
and
they
are
looking_into
it.
警方已经收到投诉函件，他们正在进行调查。
③[2016·浙江高考]Looking_back,_I
honestly
don't
know
how
she
did
it.
再回首，我真的不知道她是怎样做这件事的。
④[2016·江苏高考]Once
I
look_up
something
on
the
Internet,
I
don't
need
to
keep
all
the
details
for
future
use—I
know
where
to
find
that
information
again
and
can
quickly
and
easily
do
so.
一旦我在网上查东西，我不必保存所有细节以备将来使用——我知道在哪儿重新找到信息并且能够做得又快又容易。
⑤No
matter
how
low
you
consider
yourself,
there
is
always
someone
looking_up_to
you
wishing
they
were
that
high.
不管你多么低估自己，总有敬重你的人，他们希望自己也那么高大。
⑥We
look_upon_you_as
a
member
of
the
family.
我们把你当作家人。
⑦I'm
looking_forward_to
hearing
from
you
as
soon
as
possible.
我期待尽快收到您的回信。
⑧I
looked_through
today's
newspapers
but
I
found
nothing
important.
我翻阅了今天的报纸，但没有发现重要消息。
⑨用look短语的适当形式填空
a．Terry,
please
look_up
from
your
cellphone
when
Grandma
is
talking
to
you.
b．You're
a
popular
girl,
Grace,
and
a
lot
of
the
younger
ones
look_up_to
you.
c．He
happened
to
be
looking_through
the
medical
book
Gray's
Anatomy
at
the
time.
d．Look_out_for
thieves
when
you
stay
there.
e．The
police
did
not
begin
to
look_into
the
case
until
yesterday
afternoon.
图解助记
2 refer
to
查阅；参考；提及；指的是
If
the
word
group
refers
to
different
members，use
a
plural
verb.
(P5)
如果单词“group”指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。
归纳拓展
(1)refer
to...as...
把……称作……
refer
sth.
to
sb.
把某物提交给某人(解决)
(2)reference
n．涉及；提及；参考；查阅
in/with
reference
to
关于
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]The
underlined
word
“them”
in
Paragraph
6
refers_to
Welty's
stories.
第6段的划线单词“them”指的是韦尔蒂的故事。
②The
scientist
referred_to
the
discovery
as
the
most
exciting
new
Development
in
this
field.
这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
③You
should
refer
this
matter
to
the
head
office
for
a
decision.
你应把这事提交总部去决定。
④The
result
of
the
research
is
for_reference
only.
这个研究结果仅供参考。
⑤In_reference_to
your
question
about
cost,
the
tickets
for
the
film
are
35
yuan
each.
关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。
⑥写出下列句中refer
to的含义
a．If
you
don't
know
the
exact
meaning
of
the
word,
you
may
refer
to
the
dictionary.查阅
b．When
giving
the
lecture,
he
referred
to
his
note
from
time
to
time.参考
c．You
should
refer
this
matter
to
our
teacher
for
a
decision.提交
d．She
always
refers
to
Ben
as
that
nice
man.把……称作
⑦[一言辨异]When
I
meet
new
words
I
don't
know,
I
often
refer_to
the
Dictionary.
If
you
don't
know
a
word,
you
can
look
it
up
in
a
dictionary,
too.当我遇到我不知道的新词时，我经常查字典。如果你不认识一个词，你也可以在字典上查阅它。
过关演练
选词填空
carry
on；
come
across；
devote
to；
look
down
upon；
move
off；
by
chance；
take...into
consideration；
lead
a
good
life；
crowd
in；
have...in
common
1．If
you
________
faults
but
you
still
want
the
bicycle,
ask
the
shop
assistant
to
reduce
the
price.
答案：come
across
2．An
artist
who
was
recently
travelling
on
a
ferry
to
the
southern
island
discovered
________
a
long－lost
antique
Greek
Vase.
答案：by
chance
3．________
his
research
work,
the
scientist
has
little
time
to
spend
with
his
family.
答案：Devoted
to
4．The
minute
the
shopping
mall
opens,
the
customers
came
________.
答案：crowding
in
5．________
is
the
dream
of
many
youngsters
in
the
competive
society.
答案：Leading
a
good
life
6．If
you
________
working
like
that,
you
will
break
down
sooner
or
later.
答案：carry
on
7．Poor
and
lazy,
he
was
always
________
by
others
while
he
studied
abroad.
答案：looked
down
upon
8．The
car
stood
at
the
traffic
lights
for
a
few
moments,
then
________.
答案：moved
off
9．I
can't
get
on
well
with
him,
for
we
________
nothing
________
with
each
other.
答案：have;
in
common
10．Everything
________，
they
ought
to
have
another
chance.
答案：taken
into
consideration
1 Only_after_her_mother_came_to_help_her
for
the
first
few
months
was_she_allowed_to_
begin
her
project.(P2)
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
归纳拓展
(1)该句为“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only置于句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。
(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never,
not,
not
only,
little,
seldom,
hardly,
not
until,
neither,
nor,
no
sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no
sooner...than...和hardly...when...引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
语境助记
①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only
after
a
year
of
friendly
discussion
did
Ms
Garza
finally
say
yes.
在一年的友好讨论之后，加尔扎女士才最终同意了。
②Not
only
did_he_read_the_book,_but
also
he
remembered
what
he
had
read.
他不仅读了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。
③Hardly_had_the_bell_rung
when
the
students
rushed
out
of
the
classroom.
铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。
④[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only_people
who
know
the
keyword
can
read
the
message.
只有知道密码的人们才能读懂这个信息。
2 Suddenly
it_hit_me
how
difficult
it
was
for
a
woman
to
get
medical
training
at
that
time.
(P6)
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
归纳拓展
句中使用了“It
hit(s)
me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：
It
occurs
to
sb.
that...
某人突然想到……
It
strikes
sb.
that...
某人突然想到……
It
happens
that...
碰巧……
语境助记
①It_hit_me_that
I
had
my
keys
locked
in
the
room.
我突然意识到我把钥匙锁在屋里了。
②It_didn't_occur_to_us
that
walking
was
a
hardship.
我们从未想过步行会成为一种困难。
③It_struck_me
that
I
was
looking
at
a
lot
of
wasted
time
and
money.
我忽然感到自己看到的是大量的时间和金钱被浪费。
④It_happened_that
they
spent
their
childhood
in
the
same
village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________when
I
left
my
brother
to
go
to
college
did
I
realize
how
much
I
loved
him.
答案：Only 考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中“did
I
realize”可知，此句为倒装句，因此空格处应为引出倒装的条件。
2．________the
rivers
are
polluted,
it
takes
many
years
for
the
ecosystem
in
them
to
recover.
答案：Once 考查连词用法。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，once意为“一旦……”。
3．It
is
not
when
to
do
it
but
how
to
do
it
________
is
of
great
importance.
答案：that 考查强调句型。强调的是句子的主语，且主语被“not...but...”连接。4．Mr
Black
came
back
________
(drink)
that
night.
答案：drunk 考查分词作状语。drunk此处可视为形容词在句中作伴随状语。句意：布莱克先生那晚上醉醺醺地回来。
5．________
occurred
to
him
that
he
had
an
important
conference
to
attend
the
next
morning.
答案：It 考查固定句式。It
occurred
to
sb.
that意为“某人突然想到”。句意：他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。Ⅱ.完成句子1．________，
it's
very
difficult
for
you
to
get
rid
of
it.
一旦养成了坏习惯，你就很难改掉它。
答案：Once
you
form
a
bad
habit
2．________
that
I
should
turn
to
my
teacher
for
help.
我突然想起我应该向老师求助。
答案：It
suddenly
occurs
to
me/It
suddenly
hits/strikes
me
3．Only
after
the
war
broke
out
________.
只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。
答案：did
people
realize
the
importance
of
peace
主谓一致
概念：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。
主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
1．语法一致原则
语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。
He
likes
watching
TV
while
we
like
playing
football.
2．意义一致原则
意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为复数，谓语用复数；主语意义是单数，谓语用单数。
A
new
steel
works
is
being
built
in
my
hometown
now.
No
man
and
no
animal
is
to
be
found
on
the
moon.
3．就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词根据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形式，但as
well
as,
rather
than等连接主语时除外。
Neither
the
students
nor
the
teacher
is
interested
in
it.
The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
the
painting.
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
1．通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police，people,
cattle等作主语时，谓语要用复数。
Be
calm,
the
police
are
coming.
2．只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing,
poetry,
baggage/luggage,
furniture,
scenery,
jewellery,
information,
equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。
Much
equipment
is
needed
in
our
lab.
3．既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：
family,
group,
class,
grade,
team,
army,
nation,
crowd,
population,
company，government，committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。
①Our
class
is
better
than
any
other
class
at
playing
football
in
our
school.(强调整体)
②His
family
are
waiting
for
him
to
come
back
from
abroad.(强调个体)
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
(be)
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
(take)
years
to
achieve.
答案：is;
takes 考查主谓一致。两空的主语均是success且表抽象意义“成功”，故都应用单数形式。
2．Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
答案：is 考查主谓一致。either...or连接主语，谓语遵循就近原则，故此处应和主语one
of
your
students一致，又由后面的is可知应用一般现在时，所以用is。
3．My
family
________
(be)
the
largest
one
in
our
village.
Besides,
my
family
________
(be)
all
party
members.
答案：is；are 考查主谓一致。第一空family指整体，故谓语用单数；第二空family指个体成员，故谓语用复数。
4．To
learn
one
or
two
foreign
languages
________
(be)
very
important
nowadays.
答案：is 考查主谓一致。不定式作主语，谓语用单数。
5．The
League
Secretary
and
monitor
________
(ask)
to
make
a
speech
at
the
meeting
last
week.
答案：was
asked 考查主谓一致及动词时态和语态。“the＋n.＋and＋n.”作主语时，谓语用单数，且ask与主语之间为被动关系，又根据last
week可确定答案是was
asked。
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
Who
do
you
think
was
the
most
important
woman
of
the
past
100
years
Jane
Addams
(1860－1935)
Addams
helped
the
poor
and
worked
for
peace.
She
provided
shelters，
education
opportunities
and
services
for
people
in
need.
In
1931,
Addams
became
the
first
American
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize.
Rachel
Carson
(1907－1964)
Rachel
Carson
was
born
in
the
rural
river
town
of
Springdale,
Pennsylvania
in
America.
The
popular
book
Silent
Spring
by
Rachel
Carson
in
1962
made
people
realize
the
dangers
and
the
harmful
effects
of
pollution
on
humans
and
on
the
world's
lakes
and
oceans.
Angela
Merkel
(1954－)
In
2005,
Germans
chose
Angela
Merkel
as
their
first
woman
head
of
the
country.
She
had
been
a
scientist
in
the
past.
As
Germany's
leader,
she
has
had
an
effect
on
the
whole
world.
Sandra
Day
O'Connor
(1930－)
When
Sandra
Day
O'Connor
finished
her
class
at
Stanford
Law
School
in
1952,
she
could
not
find
work
because
she
was
a
woman.
However,
she
became
the
first
woman
to
join
the
US
Supreme
Court
in
1981
after
years
of
hard
work.
Margaret
Thatcher
(1925－2013)
In
1979,
Margaret
Thatcher
became
Britain's
first
woman
Prime
Minister.
She
served
until
1990,
which
made
her
the
first
British
leader
to
serve
three
terms
in
a
row.
Because
of
her
high
standards
and
strong
will,
people
called
her
Britain's
Iron
Lady.
Marie
Curie
(1867－1934)
Polish－born
scientist
Marie
Curie
discovered
that
some
types
of
metal
give
off
energy
called
radiation.
Her
research
led
to
new
medical
treatments
and
arms.
She
received
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
in
1903
and
in
Chemistry
in
1911.
篇章导读：本文是记叙文。你认为谁是过去一百年中最重要的女性呢？本文介绍了对世界有巨大影响的六位伟大的女性。
1．Who
once
won
the
Nobel
Prize
A．Jane
Addams
and
Marie
Curie.
B．Jane
Addams
and
Margaret
Thatcher.
C．Marie
Curie
and
Angela
Merkel.
D．Marie
Curie
and
Rachel
Carson.
答案：A'细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Jane
Addams曾获诺贝尔和平奖；根据最后一段最后一句可知，Marie
Curie曾获诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖。故选A项。
2．We
can
infer
from
the
text
that
Rachel
Carson
worked
to
________.
A．help
the
poor
B．spread
geographic
knowledge
C．protect
the
environment
D．protect
the
rights
of
women
答案：C'推理判断题。根据文章第三段对Rachel
Carson的描述可知，她写的书让人们意识到污染对人类及世界上的湖泊、海洋的危害。由此可推知，C项正确。
3．What
do
Angela
Merkel
and
Margaret
Thatcher
have
in
common
A．Both
of
them
were
scientists
before
coming
to
power.
B．Both
of
them
became
the
first
woman
head
of
their
country.
C．Both
of
them
are
famous
for
being
strict.
D．Both
of
them
once
worked
for
three
terms.
答案：B'细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和倒数第二段第一句可知，她们都是各自国家的第一位女性领导人。
4．Who
once
failed
to
find
a
job
A．Jane
Addams.
B．Sandra
Day
O'Connor.
C．Rachel
Carson.
D．Margaret
Thatcher.
答案：B'细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，因为是女性，Sandra
Day
O'Connor曾在毕业后找不到工作。
1．shelter
n.
居所；住处；庇护
2.service
n.
服务；服役
3．rural
adj.
乡村的；农村的
4.harmful
adj.
有害的
5．standard
n.
标准；水平；规格
1．have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
2．in
a
row
连续；一连串；成一行
B
[2017·河北保定摸底]Mars
(火星)
appears
to
be
flowing
with
small
streams
of
salty
water,
at
least
in
the
summer,
scientists
reported
on
Monday.
“It
suggests
that
it
would
be
possible
for
there
to
be
life
today
on
Mars，”
NASA's
science
mission
chief,
John
Grunsfeld,
said
at
a
news
conference
on
September
28,
2015.
The
streams
are
about
12
to
15
feet
wide
and
300
feet
or
more
long,
scientists
said.
“What
we're
dealing
with
is
wet
soil,
thin
layers
of
wet
soil,
not
standing
water，”
said
Alfred
McEwen
of
the
University
of
Arizona
at
Tucson,
the
principal
scientist
for
the
Mars
Reconnaissance
Orbiter's
high－resolution
imaging
experiment.
Because
liquid
water
is
essential
to
life,
the
findings
could
have
major
implications
for
the
possibility
of
Martian
life.
The
researchers
said
further
exploration
is
needed
to
determine
whether
microscopic
life
exists
on
the
planet.
The
presence
of
liquid
water
could
also
make
life
easier
for
astronauts
visiting
or
living
on
Mars.
Water
could
be
used
for
drinking
and
for
creating
oxygen
and
rocket
fuel.
NASA's
goal
is
to
send
humans
there
in
the
2030s.
The
evidence
of
flowing
water
consists
largely
of
dark,
narrow
streaks
(条痕)
on
the
surface
that
tend
to
appear
and
grow
during
the
warmest
Martian
months
and
fade
the
rest
of
the
year.
Mars
is
extremely
cold
even
in
summer,
and
the
streaks
are
in
places
where
the
temperature
is
as
low
as
minus
10
degrees
Fahrenheit.
But
salt
can
lower
the
freezing
point
of
water
and
melt
ice.
The
source
(源头)
of
the
water
is
a
mystery.
Scientists
noted
it
could
be
melting
ice.
It
could
be
an
underground
aquifer,
which
is
rock
or
sand
that
can
hold
water.
It
is
possibly
water
vapor
from
the
thin
Martian
atmosphere.
Or
it
may
be
a
combination.
Michael
Meyer,
lead
scientist
for
NASA's
Mars
exploration
program,
said
the
only
definitive
way
for
now
to
determine
whether
there's
life
on
Mars
is
to
collect
rocks
and
soil
for
analysis
on
Earth—something
a
US
lander
set
for
lift－off
in
2020
will
do.
篇章导读：本文是一篇科普文章。在火星上发现了水的痕迹，这是否意味着会有生命存在呢？是否适合人类居住呢？这都有待进一步的科学探究。
5．What
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text
A．Streams
of
water
spotted
on
Mars
B．Astronauts
will
land
on
Mars
C．NASA's
Mars
exploration
program
D．A
breakthrough
in
the
exploration
of
Mars
答案：A 主旨大意题。从文中第一段第一句及文章其他内容可知，文章主要是围绕着在火星上似乎有水的痕迹这一主题展开的。故选A。
6．According
to
John
Grunsfeld,
there
seems
to
be________on
Mars.
A．salty
water
B．standing
water
C．rocket
fuel
D．human
beings
答案：A 细节理解题。从文中第一段的第一句可知，火星上似乎有咸水。
7．Scientists
are
uncertain
about
the________of
the
water
on
Mars.
A．state
B．source
C．temperature
D．taste
答案：B 细节理解题。从文中倒数第二段第一句“The
source
of
the
water
is
a
mystery.”可知，水的源头是个谜。故选B。
8．What
matters
to
the
existence
of
liquid
water
on
Mars
A．The
distance
from
the
sun.
B．The
favorable
climate.
C．The
gravity
of
the
earth.
D．The
salt
in
it.
答案：D 细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句中的“salt
can
lower
the
freezing
point
of
water
and
melt
ice”可知，盐对液态水的存在有重要作用。
1．essential
adj.
必要的；至关重要的；基本的；本质的
2．exist
vi.
存在；生存
3．evidence
n.
证据
4．freezing
adj.
极冷的；冰冷的
5．analysis
n.
分析
1．deal
with
应付；处理
2.consist
of
由……组成
Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2017·河北定州中学检测]
Question:
My
14－year－old
son
is
very
disrespectful
to
my
husband
and
me,
and
we
don't
know
what
to
do.
He
often
gets
home
after
dark.
And
we
have
a
big
argument
after
he
comes
back.
Can
you
help
us
Answer:
Your
son
should,
of
course,
come
back
before
dark,
not
because
you
say
so,
but
because
it
is
his
responsibility
and
because
you
would
worry
about
him
if
he
didn't
come
home
when
he
promised.
__1__
Just
tell
him
that
he
has
to
be
home
on
time
if
he
wants
to
go
out
next
time—and
that
this
is
his
choice,
not
yours.
His
disrespect
is
part
of
a
bigger
issue.
Your
son
desires
independence
because
the
young
always
do
when
they
hit
puberty
(青春期).
New
hormones
(荷尔蒙),
a
new
need
to
pull
away
from
their
parents
results
in
this
desire.
__2__
Your
son
may
also
be
acting
up
because
your
discipline
hasn't
kept
up
with
his
growth.
A
child
hates
to
be
corrected
when
his
parents
use
the
same
words
they
used
when
correcting
him
a
year
ago.
__3__
He
won't
even
argue
with
you
too
much,
if
you
listen
to
his
rants
(咆哮)
and
consider
his
reasons
when
you
have
to
say
no.
These
are
all
signs
that
you
know
that
your
respect
is
as
important
to
him
as
his
respect
is
to
you.
__4__
This
Doesn't
complete
anything
and
must
worsen
your
relationship.
Your
child
not
only
needs
your
respect.
__5__
They
need
your
pity
for
him
when
things
go
wrong,
rather
than
tell
him
what
he
should
have
done.
Now
is
the
time
to
give
as
few
orders
as
possible
(but
stick
to
the
ones
you
give)．
A．But
don't
worry.
B．But
don't
argue
about
it.
C．He
wants
you
to
react
to
him
at
the
age
he
is
today.
D．So
boys
and
girls
are
so
eager
to
spread
their
wings.
E．If
you
don't
listen
and
consider,
he
won't
hear
a
word
you
say.
F．He
is
growing
physically,
mentally,
emotionally
and
even
morally.
G．He
also
needs
you
to
encourage
his
dreams,
no
matter
how
strange
they
are.
篇章导读：本文属于教育类短文。现实生活中很多青少年都很叛逆，不愿意听从父母的教育，想要脱离父母的管教。作者就此问题提出了一些建议。
1．B
根据横线后句“Just
tell
him
that
he
has
to
be
home
on
time
if
he
wants
to
go
out
next
time—and
that
this
is
his
choice,
not
yours.”可知，不要跟孩子争辩什么，而是要让他想清楚这是他自己的选择。B选项“But
don't
argue
about
it.”符合语境。故选B。
2．D
根据横线前句“New
hormones,
a
new
need
to
pull
away
from
their
parents
results
in
this
desire.”可知，男孩子和女孩子在青春期时因为荷尔蒙的影响会变得比较叛逆，想要脱离父母的掌控。D选项“So
boys
and
girls
are
so
eager
to
spread
their
wings.”符合语境。故选D。
3．C
根据第四段第一句“Your
son
may
also
be
acting
up
because
your
discipline
hasn't
kept
up
with
his
growth.”可知，这个孩子的行为可能是因为你对他的态度没有根据他的年龄的变化而改变，还是当他是小孩子造成的。C选项“He
wants
you
to
react
to
him
at
the
age
he
is
today.”符合语境。故选C。
4．E
根据横线前句“These
are
all
signs
that
you
know
that
your
respect
is
as
important
to
him
as
his
respect
is
to
you.”可知，你也要尊重他，如果你不倾听他的心声，他也不会听你的话，E选项“If
you
don't
listen
and
consider,
he
won't
hear
a
word
you
say.”符合语境。故选E。
5．G
根据横线前句“Your
child
not
only
needs
your
respect.”可知，你的孩子不仅仅需要你的尊敬。句中的not
only与G项中的also形成呼应，句意为“他还需要你鼓励他实现自己的梦想，不论梦想是多么奇特”。故选G项。
Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时13′)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2017·张家口模拟]Tu
Youyou,
__1__
was
born
in
1930,
is
a
Chinese
medical
scientist
and
educator.
She
was
educated
and
carried
out
research
__2__
(entire)
in
China.
She
is
best
known
__3__
discovering
artemisinin
(青蒿素)
and
dihydroartemisinin
(双氢青蒿素),
which
saved
millions
of
lives.
Her
discovery
of
artemisinin
as
well
as
__4__
(it)
treatment
of
malaria
__5__
(regard)
as
a
significant
breakthrough
of
tropical
(热带的)
medicine
in
the
20th
century
and
health
__6__
(improve)
for
people
of
tropical
__7__
(develop)
countries
in
South
Asia,
Africa,
and
South
America.
For
her
work,
Tu
received
the
2011
Lasker
Award
in
clinical
medicine
and
__8__
2015
Nobel
Prize
in
Physiology
(生理学)
or
Medicine
together
with
William
C.
Campbell
and
Satoshi
Omura.
Tu
is
the
first
Chinese
Nobel
winner
in
Physiology
or
medicine
__9__
the
first
citizen
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China
__10__
(receive)
the
Nobel
Prize
in
natural
sciences.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国著名科学家屠呦呦的事迹。
1．who 考查定语从句。who指代先行词Tu
Youyou，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
2．entirely 考查副词。entirely副词，意为“完全地”。
3．for 考查介词。be
known
for...“因……而出名”。
4．its 考查代词。its修饰名词treatment。
5．is
regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。因为主语是her
discovery，因此用is。
6．improvement 考查名词。从上文中的“of
tropical
medicine...and...”可知，of后接两个并列名词短语，故此空应填名词。health
improvement意为“改善健康”。
7．developing 考查现在分词。developing
countries
“发展中国家”。
8．the 考查冠词。此处特指2015年度诺贝尔生理或医学奖。
9．and 考查并列连词。根据句意可知为并列关系。
10．to
receive 考查非谓语动词。由“the
first
citizen”可知，应用动词不定式作后置定语。
Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)
[2017·湖北高三大联考]
假如你是龙潭中学高三学生李华，参加了上周六学校组织的远足爬山活动。请你根据以下信息用英语写一篇日记，叙述这次活动的过程及感受，以便发表在校刊英语园地上。
1．介绍活动主要经过(时间：4月18日，地点：卧龙山)；
2．参加这项活动的感受(享受大自然，放松心情；学会互助，强身健体，磨练意志，利于学习)。
要求：1.句子结构严谨，信息内容完整，篇章连贯；
2．词数100左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
April
18th,
Saturday
It
was
fine
today.
[标准范文]
April_18th,_Saturday
It_was_fine_today.
We
gathered
at
the
school
gate
at
7
a．m.
and
then
we
set
out
to
go
on
a
hike.
Our
destination
was
to
reach
the
top
of
Mount
Wolong.
We
had
to
walk
for
about
3
hours
before
we
got
there.
When
arriving
at
the
top
finally,
we
could
see
the
breathtaking
view.
Though
the
hike
was
exhausting,
it
was
well
worth
the
extra
effort.
We
not
only
got
relaxed
by
enjoying
the
beauty
of
nature
but
also
learned
how
to
smooth
away
difficulties,
and
help
each
other
as
well
as
build
our
bodies.
In
the
future,
we
each
will
have
our
own
mountain
to
climb
in
our
life.
We
believe
we'll
reach
the
top
and
see
much
more
beautiful
view.话题素材——主题公园
好词
1.amusement
n.
消遣；娱乐
2.adventure
n.
冒险
3.wonder
n.
奇观；景观
4.attractive
adj.
吸引人的
5.fantasy
n.
幻想；怪念头
6.be_famous_for因……而著名
7.be
located
in
位于
8.meet
one's
needs
满足某人的需要
9.at_home_and_abroad
在国内外
10.go
camping
去露营
11.be_named_after
以……命名
12.at
the
entrance
to
在……入口处
13.go_sightseeing
观光；旅游
14.explore_
a
forest
森林探险
15.amusement
park
游乐园佳句
1.Disneyland
Park
is
Walt
Disney's
original
theme
park
where
generations
of
families
have_made
their
Disney
dreams
come_true.
迪斯尼乐园是沃尔特·迪斯尼最初的主题公园，在那儿几代人的迪斯尼梦被实现。
2.Located_in_
the
Yangtze
River,
this
beautiful
old
city
has
become
a
popular
tourist
attraction
now.
坐落在长江之畔，这座美丽的古城现在成为受欢迎的旅游胜地。
3.As_is_known_to_us_all,_Mount
Huashan
is_famous_for
its
breathtaking
cliffs
and
its
unique
characteristics.
众所周知，华山以它险峻的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。
[精美语篇]
Hong
Kong
Ocean
Park
is
a
famous
theme
park，
which
is
situated
in
the
southern
side
of
Hong
Kong.
It
is
one
of
the
largest
marine
parks
in
the
world，
covering
more
than
870，000
square
meters.
With
a
history
of
over
30
years，
Ocean
Park
has
become
one
of
the
major
tourist
attractions
in
Asia.
It
is
Hong
Kong's
favourite
park，
which
attracts
the
most
visitors.
Visitors
can
experience
adventurous
trips
and
enjoy
a
wide
variety
of
shows，
such
as
dolphin
shows.
The
park
also
takes
pride
in
its
educational
programs.
Hong
Kong
Ocean
Park
will
fill
your
day
with
wonder，
pleasure
and
excitement，
and
reward
you
with
satisfying
memories.
高频单词
1．unique
(adj.)
独一无二的；仅有的
2．deed
(n.)
行动；事迹
3．creature
(n.)
生物；动物
4．brand
(n.)
商标；牌子
5．preserve
(vt.)保存；保留(n.)
保护区
6．brochure
(n.)
小册子；指南
7．theme
(n.)
题目；主题(曲)
8．shuttle
(n.)
往返汽车；航天飞机
9．central
(adj.)
中心的；中央的→centre
(n.)
中心；中央
10．length
(n.)
长度；长→long
(adj.)
长的
11．various
(adj.)不同的；各种各样的→variety
(n.)变化；多样性→vary
(vi.)有变化；改变
12．attraction
(n.)有吸引力的事物；吸引→attract
(vt.)吸引→attractive
(adj.)吸引人的
13．advance
(vt.&vi.)前进；促进；提前(n.)前进；进步→advanced
(adj.)高级的，先进的
14．admission
(n.)允许进入；入场费；承认→admit
(vt.)承认
15．swing
(n.)
秋千；摇摆(vt.&vi.)
摇摆；摆动→swung
(过去式/过去分词)
16．amusement
(n.)消遣；娱乐(活动)→amuse
(vt.)使发笑；使愉快→amusing
(adj.)有趣的；逗乐的→amused
(adj.)感到快乐的
17．translator
(n.)译员；翻译→translate
(vt.)
翻译→translation
(n.)翻译；译文
18．minority
(n.)少数；少数民族→minor
(adj.)
少数的→majority(反义词)大多数
19．fantasy
(n.)幻想；怪念头→fantastic
(adj.)
奇异的；古怪的；极好的
20．tourism
(n.)旅游业→tourist
(n.)游客→tour
(n.)观光；游览
重点短语
1．be_famous_for 以……而闻名
2．be_familiar_with
对……熟悉
3．be_modelled_after
根据……模仿；仿造
4．take_part_in
参加
5．in_advance
提前
6．come_true
实现
7．no_wonder
难怪；不足为奇
8．have_fun
玩得高兴
9．face_to_face
面对面
10．get_close_to
接近
11．come_to_life
活跃起来
12．more_than
不仅仅；非常；多于
热点句型
1．some...，others...
“一些……，另一些……”
Some_parks
(有些公园)
are
famous
for
having
the
biggest
or
longest
roller
coasters，others
(其他的)
for
showing
the
famous
sights
and
sounds
of
a
culture.
(教材P34)
2．wh ever引导的让步状语从句
Whichever_and_whatever_you_like
(不论你喜欢哪个，喜欢什么),
there
is
a
theme
park
for
you
!
(教材P34)
3．whether...
or...
“无论……还是……”
It
will
bring
you
into
a
magical
world
and
make
your
dreams
come
true,
whether_you_are_travelling_through_space
(无论你是在太空遨游),
visiting
a
pirate
ship
or_meeting
(还是邂逅)
your
favorite
fairy
tale
or
Disney
cartoon
character.
(教材P34)
4．(It's)
no
wonder
that...
“难怪……”
With
all
these
attractions,
no_wonder
(难怪)
tourism
is
increasing
wherever
there
is
a
Disneyland.
(教材P34)
5．not
only...
(but)
also...
“不但……而且……”
Futuroscope
is
not_only
(不但)
for
individuals,
but
is
also
(而且)
the
perfect
mix
of
fun
and
learning
for
class
outings.
(教材P38)
6．状语从句的省略
If_driving
(假如开车的话)，Futuroscope
is
within
easy
reach
of
the
freeway.
(教材P38)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The
theme
park
you
are
probably
most
familiar
________
is
Disneyland.
答案：with
2．And
for
those
________
like
rides,
Dollywood
has
one
of
the
best
old
wooden
roller
coasters,
Thunderhead.
答案：who
3．________
(enter)
a
world
of
fantasy
about
ancient
England,
come
to
Camelot
Park!
答案：To
enter
4．With
all
these
________
(attract),
no
wonder
tourism
is
increasing
wherever
there
is
a
Disneyland.
答案：attractions
5．Disneyland
has
many
________
(excite)
rides,
from
giant
swinging
ships
to
________
(terrify)
free fall
drops.
答案：exciting;
terrifying
6．Come
to
Dollywood
to
have
fun
________
(learn)
all
about
America's
historical
southeastern
culture!
答案：learning
7．________
(open)
in
1987,
Futuroscope
is
one
of
the
largest
space age
________
(park)
in
the
world.
答案：Opened;
parks
8．Futuroscope
has
many
excellent
hotels
nearby,
most
of
________
provide
a
shuttle
service
to
the
park.
答案：which
9．The
up to date
information
together
with
many
opportunities
for
hands on
learning
________
(make)
the
world
come
to
life.
答案：makes
10．Then
I
took
a
trip
to
Brazil
and
experienced
________
(survive)
and
airplane
crash
in
the
jungle.
答案：surviving
1 various adj.不同的；各种各样的
There
are
various
kinds
of
theme
parks，with
a
different
park
for
almost
everything:
food,
culture,
science，cartoons,
movies
or
history.(P34)
有各种各样的主题公园，不同的公园有不同的主题，但几乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影或历史。归纳拓展
(1)variety
n．变化；多样性；种类
种类繁多的……
(2)vary
vi.改变；变化
vary
with
sth.随……而变化
vary
in
在……方面变化
vary
from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
语境助记
①[2016·江苏高考]The
Internet
makes
us
smarter
over
various_
kinds
of
things.
网络使我们在各种各样的事情上更聪明。
②[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Visiting
an
apple
event
is
a
good
chance
to
see,
and
often
taste,
a_wide_variety_of
apples.
参加苹果节活动是一次可以观赏且时常能品尝到不同品种的苹果的好机会。
③Opinions
on
this
matter
vary
from
person
to
person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
④Our
clothes
vary_with
the
season.
我们的衣服随季节而变化。
⑤The
research
team
is
made
up
of
the
pupils,
whose
ages
vary_from_10_to_15.
这个研究小组是由年龄从十岁到十五岁不等的学生组成的。
2 preserve vt.保存；保留；保护 n．[C，U]
保护区
You
can
even
see
beautiful
bald
eagles
in
the
world's
largest
bald
eagle
preserve.(P34)
你甚至可以在世界上最大的秃鹰保护区见到美丽的秃鹰。
归纳拓展
(1)preserve...from...保护……免于……
preserve
one's
self－respect维护自尊
be
well
preserved保养得好
(2)preservation
n.
保护；维护
(3)nature
preserve自然保护区
语境助记
①People
should
preserve_children_from
being
hurt.
人们应保护儿童免受伤害。
②No
hunting
is
allowed
in
the
nature_preserve,_so
all
the
rare
plants
are
well_preserved.
在自然保护区内不准打猎，因此，所有的稀有植物都保存良好。
③We
have
taken
effective
measures
to_preserve_our_natural_resources.
我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。
④—The
town
is
so
beautiful!
I
just
love
it.
——这个城镇那么漂亮！我喜欢它。
—Me
too.
The
character
of
the
town
is_well_preserved.
——我也喜欢。该城镇的特色保存得很好。
⑤Establishment
of
this
organization
is
to
preserve_endangered_wildlife_from
extinction.
这个组织成立的目的是保护濒危的野生动物免遭灭绝。
3 advance
vt.&
vi.
前进；促进；提前 n．前进；进步
This
science
and
technology based
theme
park
in
France
uses
the
most
advanced
technology.(P38)
这个以科技为基础的法国主题公园使用了最先进的技术。
归纳拓展
(1)advance
on/upon/towards朝……前进
(2)in
advance＝ahead
of
time预先；提前(指事先)
in
advance
of
在……前面；超过
(3)advanced
adj.高等的；先进的；高级的
名师点睛
语境助记
①Having
showing
you
around
our
school,
we
will
introduce
our
most_advanced
science
lab
to
you.
领着您参观我们学校后，我们将向您介绍我校最先进的科技实验室。
②[2016·北京高考]Since
then,
I
have
taken
courses
like
Data
Science
and
Advanced
Mathematics.
自从那时起，我开始上数据课和高等数学。
③[2016·天津高考]We
require
the
student's
full
flight
details
at
least
4
weeks
in_advance.
我们至少要提前4周得到学生的整个飞行资料。
④Science
has
made_great_advances
in
the
last
fifty
years.
在过去50年里科学取得巨大进步。
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．It's
said
the
typhoon
would
bring
heavy
rain
to
the
________
(center)
and
southern
parts
of
the
province.
答案：central 考查形容词。由空格后的and
southern可知，应用形容词。
2．Visit
the
palace
and
its
________
(vary)
historic
gardens,
which
include
the
famous
maze
(迷宫)
where
it
is
easy
to
get
lost!
答案：various 考查形容词。分析句式结构可知，此处填形容词修饰名词gardens。
3．Eddie's
grandfather
was
one
of
the
town's
first
________(settle)．
答案：settlers 考查名词。settler名词“移民”。
4．Much
to
the
________
(amuse)
of
passers by,
the
passengers
on
the
bus
are
dancing
and
singing.
答案：amusement 考查名词。much
to
the
amusement
of
sb.
“令某人备感愉快的是”。
5．A
few
days
after
the
interview,
I
received
a
letter
offering
me
________
(admit)
to
the
university.
答案：admission 考查名词。admission名词“允许进入”。
6．When
the
head
teacher
announced
his
plan
for
a
spring
outing,
the
majority
of
the
students
in
the
class
________
(be)
for
it.
答案：were 考查主谓一致。根据语境可知，应用一般过去时，且主语表示“大多数学生”，故用复数。
7．A
number
of
graduates
prefer
to
work
in
big
cities,
where
there
are
lots
of
________
(attract),
like
convenient
transportation,
more
opportunities
and
better
environment.
答案：attractions 考查名词。lots
of后应填名词，根据下文可知，此处用复数形式。
8．When
the
boy
first
came
to
the
army,
he
saw
the
soldiers
________
(swing)
their
arms
together
as
they
marched.
答案：swinging 考查“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构。the
soldiers与swing之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。9．The
living
room
of
the
house
is
double
________
(long)
of
the
bedroom,
which
suits
the
family
pretty
well.答案：length 考查名词。分析结构可知此处填名词，表示“长度”。
10．My
sister
works
as
a(n)
________
(translate)
of
technical
texts.
答案：translator 考查名词。translator名词“翻译”。
1 no
wonder
难怪；不足为奇
With
all
these
attractions,
no
wonder
tourism
is
increasing
wherever
there
is
a
Disneyland.(P34)
有所有这些吸引人之处，难怪有迪斯尼乐园的地方旅游业就持续发达。
归纳拓展
(1)No
wonder
(that)．..
＝It's
no
wonder
(that)．..难怪……；……不足为奇
do/work
wonders创造奇迹
in
wonder惊奇地
(2)wonder
at
sth.
对某事感到惊讶
wonder
whether/if/when/why/how...
想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
名师点睛
(1)I
wonder
if...常用于请求别人做某事或请求对方许可的情景中，表示委婉的语气。
(2)与no有关的句型还有：
①There
is
no
point
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事没有意义，in可以省略。
②There
is
no
sense
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事没有意义/没用。
③There
is
no
doubt
that...表示“……毫无疑问”，可以省略为No
doubt...。
④There
is
no
need
to
do
sth.没必要做某事
语境助记
①He
hasn't
slept
at
all
for
three
days.
(It_is)_no_wonder_that
he
is
tired
out.
他三天没睡觉了。难怪他疲惫不堪。
②I
wonder_if
you
could
give
me
some
advice
on
how
to
learn
English.
我想知道您是否能给我一些如何学习英语的建议。
③I
wonder
how
you
came
to
miss
your
way.
我想知道你是怎样迷路的。
④I
watched
in_wonder
as
she
ran
circles
around
the
other
kids.
我惊奇地看着她绕着其他孩子一圈圈地跑。
⑤He
is
the
best
student
in
the
school.
There_is_no_doubt_that
he
can
get
first
prize.
他是学校里最好的学生，毫无疑问他会获得一等奖。
⑥There
is
no
need
to_worry;_everything
will
be
all
right.
没有必要烦恼，一切都会好起来的。
⑦Now
that
we
have
finished
our
work,
there_is_no_point
(in)
staying
any
longer;
we
may
as
well
go
home.
既然我们的工作做完了，再待下去也毫无意义了，所以我们还是回家比较好。
2 come
to
life
活跃起来
The
amazing，up to date
information
together
with
many
opportunities
of
hands on
learning
makes
the
world
come
to
life
in
a
completely
new
way
for
visitors.(P38)
这些让人惊讶的最新的信息加上大量动手实践学习的机会，让世界以一种全新的方式展现在游客面前。
归纳拓展
(1)come
back
to
life
苏醒过来
come
to
(oneself)
苏醒过来
come
to
light
被发现；被知晓；显露
when
it
comes
to...
当谈及
(2)bring
sth.
(back)
to
life
使某物生动；使某物恢复生机
full
of
life
充满生机
make
a
living
谋生；生活
名师点睛
不同于bring
sth.
back
to
life，
come
to
life为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，一般不用于进行时。
语境助记
①I
love
to
watch
everything
come_to_life
again
in
spring.
我爱看万物在春天复苏。
②[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]A
new
collection
of
photos
brings
an
unsuccessful
Antarctic
voyage
back_to_life.
一套新的照片使一次不成功的南极洲之旅生动起来。
③When_it_comes_to
education,
the
majority
of
people
believe
that
education
is
a
lifetime
study.
说到教育，大部分人认为它是终生的学习。
④When
it_comes_to
literature
he
comes_to_life
immediately,
and
his
talent
for
literature
has
recently
come_to_light.
当谈到文学时，他马上活跃了起来，他文学方面的才能近来显露出来了。
过关演练
选词填空
come
true；
get
close
to；
in
advance；
be
modelled
after；
be
famous
for；
be
familiar
with；
no
wonder；
come
to
life；
more
than；
face
to
face
1．You
have
been
working
in
front
of
the
computer
too
long;
________
you
have
got
a
headache.
答案：no
wonder
2．Some
folk
artists
won't
demonstrate
their
unique
skills
or
tricks
in
public
to
avoid
________.
答案：being
modelled
after
3．Hangzhou
________
its
West
Lake
and
also
famous
as
a
beautiful
city.
答案：is
famous
for
4．You
shouldn't
stay
at
your
office
all
day;
________
nature
is
good
for
your
health.
答案：getting
close
to
5．She
was
at
an
early
age
brought
________
with
the
horrors
of
war.
答案：face
to
face
6．The
children
________
the
moment
they
heard
the
news
that
there
would
be
a
three day
holiday.
Some
of
them
even
jumped
up.
答案：came
to
life
7．She
is
always
complaining,
which
is
________
I
can
put
up
with.
答案：more
than
8．People
say
that
if
you
make
a
wish
at
the
top
of
the
hill,
it
always
________.
答案：comes
true
9．I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
could
let
me
know
________
whether
or
not
you
will
come.
答案：in
advance
10．Translating
English
humors
is
one
of
the
ways
________
foreign
culture.
答案：to
be
familiar
with
1 Whichever
and
whatever
you
like,
there
is
a
theme
park
for
you！(P34)
无论你喜欢哪个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你的主题公园！
归纳拓展
(1)whatever,
whichever,
who(m)ever
既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。
(2)no
matter
what,
no
matter
which,
no
matter
who(m)只引导让步状语从句。
(3)
引导让步状语从句
语境助记
①Whatever_she_says
will
not
make
any
difference
to
our
arrangements.
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。
②Whichever/No_matter_which
road
you
take,
it
will
lead
you
to
the
station.
无论你走哪一条路都会到车站。
③[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]At
last,
I
will
be
on
my
own,
but
I
still
want
to
have
my
parents
to
turn
to
whenever
I
need
help.
最后，我要靠自己，但是我仍旧想在我需要帮助的时候去求助于父母。
④[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Whoever
finds
their
book
will
go
to
the
site
and
record
where
they
found
it.
无论谁找到了他们的书都将去那个地方，记录下他们在哪儿发现的那本书。
2 Futuroscope
is
not_only
for
individuals,
but
is
also
the
perfect
mix
of
fun
and
learning
for
class
outings.(P38)观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人(旅游)，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。
归纳拓展
(1)not
only
A
but
also
B＝B
as
well
as
A
(2)not
only...but
also...结构表示“不但/仅……而且……”，通常可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子。
(3)not
only...but
also...连接并列主语时，遵循“就近一致原则”。
(4)not
only...but
also...连接两个分句时，若not
only位于句首，not
only所在的分句要部分倒装，but
also后面的分句不倒装。
语境助记
①[2016·江苏高考]People
not_only
cast
on line
votes
themselves,
but_also
urge
others
to
vote
for
competitions
like
the
“Most
Beautiful
Teacher”
and
the
“Cutest
Baby”．
人们不仅会自己进行网上投票，而且会动员其他人为一些比赛进行投票，比如：“最美教师”和“最聪明的宝宝”。
②Not_only
you
but_also
he
has
to
leave.
不只是你，他也得离开。
③She
speaks
English
not_only
in
class
(but)_also
at
home.
她不仅在课堂上讲英语而且在家也讲。
④By
doing
so,
not
only
can_I_share
good
ideas
with
others
but
also
learn
to
express
myself
clearly.
通过这样做，我不仅可以与他人分享好的想法，而且也学会了清晰地表达自我。
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________
wants
to
stay
in
a
hotel
has
to
pay
their
own
way.
答案：Whoever 考查名词性从句。从句中缺少主语，结合语境可知，此处表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。
2．Not
only
Tom
but
also
his
classmates
________
(be)
fond
of
this
film.
答案：are 考查主谓一致。Not
only...but
also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词应根据“就近原则”。
3．________
(found)
in
1636,
Harvard
is
one
of
the
most
famous
universities
in
the
United
States.
答案：Founded 考查分词作状语。found与Harvard之间为动宾关系，且单纯表示发生在过去，故填过去分词。
4．Whether
he
drives
a
bike
________
takes
a
bus,
he'll
be
here
on
time.
答案：or whether...or...“无论是……还是……”。句意：不管他是骑自行车还是乘公共汽车，他都会按时到达这里。
5．________people
waste
the
food
while
others
haven't
enough
food.
答案：Some some...
(and/while)
others...“有些……而有些……”。句意：有些人浪费食物，而另一些人却没有足够的食物。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．______________
on
Saturday
will
go
through
to
the
national
championships.
无论哪个队在周六获胜都会去参加全国锦标赛。
答案：Whichever
team
wins
2．We
are
always
studying
________________
we
have
made
great
progress.
我们学习英语一直很努力，取得了很大的进步。
答案：so
hard
at
English
that
3．Not
only
________________
but
also
he
wants
to
give
some
money
to
the
poor.他不仅想要成立一所新学校，而且他也想资助一些贫困的人。
答案：does
he
want
to
set
up
a
new
school
构词法
在英语中，词的构成主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。
合成法
合成名词：football
足球 teamwork合作
合成形容词：English speaking
说英语的 good looking漂亮的
合成动词：overcome
克服 overlook
远眺；忽视
合成副词：everywhere
到处 downstairs
楼下
转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
interest
n.
兴趣 vt.
使……感兴趣
cool
adj.
凉爽的 vt.
使凉爽
派生法
1．前缀：前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性。
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis ，
il ，
im ，
in ，
ir ，
mis ，
non ，
un 等。如：
like
喜欢→dislike
不喜欢
regular
规则的→irregular
不规则的
understand
理解→misunderstand
误解
2．后缀：后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有 ence， (e)r/or(从事某事的人),
ese(某地人),
ful(充满……),
ian(精通……的人),
ist(专业人员),
ment(性质，状态),
ness(性质，状态),
tion(动作，过程)等。如：
differ
不同于→difference
区别 write
写→writer
作家
Japan
日本→Japanese
日本人 act
表演→actress
女演员
music
音乐→musician
音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有 (e)n(多用于形容词之后)， fy(使……化),
ize(使……成为)。如：
wide
宽的→widen
加宽 beauty
美丽→beautify
美化
real真的→realize
意识到 organ
机构→organize
组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有 al,
able(有能力的),
(a)n(某国人的),
en(多用于表示材料的名词后),
ern(某方向的)， ese(某国人的),
ful,
(ic)al,
ish,
ive,
less(表示否定),
like(像……的),
ly,
ous,
some,
y(表示天气)等。如：nature
自然→natural
自然的
reason
道理→reasonable
有道理的
America
美国→American
美国的
China
中国→Chinese
中国人的
gold
金子→golden
金的
east
东→eastern
东方的
snow
雪→snowy
下雪的；多雪的
过关演练
单句语法填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．Most
smart
phone
cameras
automatically
make
these
________
(adjust)．
答案：adjustments 考查构词法。adjustment为可数名词，意为“调整”，且被these修饰，故用复数形式。
2．According
to
the
________
(describe)
of
the
old
man
who
witnessed
the
car
accident,
the
police
drew
a
picture
of
the
driver.
答案：description 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词，意为“描述”。
3．Speaking
of
all
the
songs
he
has
written,
I
think
this
is
probably
his
________
(well known)
one.
答案：best known 考查形容词的最高级。结合句意可知，此处应填最高级，意为“最著名的”。
4．They
quarrelled
with
each
other
yesterday;
there
must
be
some
________
(understand)．
答案：misunderstandings 考查构词法。misunderstanding
意为“误解；误会”。
5．To
his
surprise,
he
found
a
lot
of
________
(passer by)
were
grown ups.
答案：passers by 考查复合名词的复数形式。passer by的复数形式应在核心名词passer后面加s。
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
A
famous
magazine,
Amusement
Today,
does
a
survey
among
park
lovers
every
year
both
in
the
US
and
overseas，
based
on
which,
“Top
5
List
of
the
Best
Amusement
Parks
in
the
World”
has
come
out
as
follows：
Disneyland,
California
Disneyland
is
a
theme
park
in
Anaheim
California,
the
US.
More
than
515
million
guests
have
traveled
to
this
American
landmark
from
around
the
world
since
the
park
first
opened
to
guests
on
July
17,
1955.
The
park
consists
of
many
world famous
sections，
such
as
Main
Street,
Adventureland,
New
Orleans
Square,
and
so
on.
Magic
Kingdom,
Disney
World,
Florida
Magic
Kingdom
is
a
theme
park
within
the
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
in
Lake
Buena
Vista,
Florida,
near
Orlando
opened
on
October
1,1971.
It
is
the
most
famous
theme
park
in
Florida.
The
park's
design
and
attractions
don't
make
much
difference
from
Disneyland
Park
in
Anaheim.
EPCOT,
Disney
World,
Florida
EPCOT
is
the
second
theme
park
built
at
the
Walt
Disney
World
Resort
near
Orlando,
Florida.
The
park
opened
on
October
1,1982,
and
was
named
EPCOT
Center
from
1982
to
1993.
It
was
the
largest
Disney
theme
park
in
the
world
until
1998,
when
Disney's
Animal
Kingdom
opened.
Disney MGM
Studios,
Florida
MGM's
streets
are
the
home
for
some
great
movie themed
attractions
with
a
history
of
less
than
30
years.
With
the
addition
of
the
Twilight
Zone
Tower
of
Terror
and
the
Rock
and
Roller
Coaster,
the
park
is
now
home
to
Disney
World's
most
thrilling
rides.
Universal
Studios,
Florida
Go
behind
the
scenes,
beyond
the
screen
and
jump
right
into
the
action
of
your
favorite
movies
at
Universal
Studios,
the
number
one
movie
and
TV
theme
park
in
the
world.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。《今日娱乐》杂志进行了一项调查，选出了世界上排名前五的游乐园。本文介绍了这五个游乐园的相关信息。
1．What's
the
purpose
of
the
passage
A．To
attract
tourists
to
these
theme
parks.
B．To
introduce
world's
best
amusement
parks.
C．To
increase
the
sales
of
Amusement
Today.
D．To
compare
attractions
in
different
theme
parks.
答案：B 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了调查结果中五个最好的游乐园，包括各自的历史、特点等。因此，本文的目的是介绍世界上最好的游乐园。故选B项。
2．Which
of
the
following
theme
parks
have
similar
attractions
A．Disneyland
&
Universal
Studios.
B．EPCOT
&
Disney MGM.
C．Disneyland
&
Magic
Kingdom.
D．Magic
Kingdom
&
Universal
Studios.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章Magic
Kingdom,
Disney
World,
Florida部分最后一句“The
park's
design
and
attractions
don't
make
much
difference
from
Disneyland
Park
in
Anaheim.”可知，神奇王国迪斯尼世界的设计和吸引人的地方与阿纳海姆的迪斯尼公园差别不大。因此Disneyland和Magic
Kingdom在诸多方面相似。故选C项。
3．Which
park
has
the
longest
history
A．Disneyland,
California.
B．Magic
Kingdom,
Disney
World,
Florida.
C．EPCOT,
Disney
World,
Florida.
D．Disney MGM
Studios,
Florida.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章内容，加利福尼亚州的迪斯尼乐园开放于1955年7月17日，佛罗里达州的神奇王国迪斯尼世界开放于1971年10月1日，佛罗里达州的EPCOT迪斯尼世界开放于1982年10月1日，而迪斯尼——米高梅影城的历史不足30年。由此可知，这些游乐园中历史最悠久的是加利福尼亚州的迪斯尼乐园。故选A项。
1．survey
n.
调查；测验
2．overseas
adv.
在国外；在海外
3．landmark
n.
陆标；地标
4．section
n.
部分
5．thrilling
adj.
惊险的；紧张的；扣人心弦的
1．make
much
difference
from
与……产生很大差异
2．be
home
to
...
是……的家园
B
[2017·河南名校联考]Deep
in
the
western
Amazon
rainforest,
live
butterflies
that
drink
turtle
tears.
That
sounds
like
a
line
straight
out
of
a
fantasy
novel,
but
it's
one
hundred
percent
real
life!
It's
an
unusual
sight—a
crowd
of
butterflies
flying
around
the
eyes
of
yellow－spotted
river
turtles,
trying
to
get
a
little
tears.
The
poor
turtles
try
to
avoid
them,
but
the
butterflies
insist
drinking
their
tears
until
they've
had
their
fill.
The
butterflies
are
likely
attracted
to
the
turtles'
tears
because
the
liquid
drops
contain
salt,
specifically
sodium
(钠),
an
important
mineral
that
is
rare
in
the
western
Amazon
rainforest,
said
Phil
Torres,
a
scientist
who
does
much
of
his
research
at
the
Tambopata
Research
Center
in
Peru
and
is
associated
with
Rice
University.
Turtles
get
plenty
of
sodium
through
their
largely
carnivorous
(食肉的)
diet.
Meat
contains
significant
levels
of
the
salt,
Torres
told
Live
Science.
But
herbivores
(食草的)
butterflies
sometimes
struggle
to
get
this
extra
mineral
source，
he
added.
Torres
explained
the
western
Amazon
rainforest
is
lower
in
sodium
than
many
places
on
earth,
because
it
is
over
1,000
miles
away
from
the
Atlantic
Ocean—a
main
source
of
salt.
The
region
is
also
cut
off
from
the
mineral
dirt
blown
towards
the
west
from
the
Andes
Mountains.
Most
of
these
windblown
minerals
are
removed
from
the
air
by
the
rain
before
they
have
a
chance
to
reach
the
western
Amazon.
In
fact，
the
butterflies
have
other
sources
to
get
sodium
besides
turtles'
tears,
which
include
animal
urine
(尿),
muddy
river
banks,
sweaty
clothes
and
so
on.
People
can't
help
wondering
if
the
process
is
painful
for
turtles.
Torres
said
it's
not
completely
clear,
but
the
teary
effort
probably
has
little
effect
on
the
turtles,
other
than
perhaps
making
them
more
vulnerable
to
their
enemies
like
big
cats,
since
the
butterflies
can
block
out
their
vision.
篇章导读：本文为说明文。文中讲述在亚马逊热带雨林的深处，生活着一种特殊的蝴蝶，它们喝乌龟的眼泪以获取矿物质钠。
4．The
butterflies
drink
turtle
tears
to________.
A．help
the
turtles
get
sodium
B．get
a
mineral
from
turtle
tears
C．rid
waste
from
the
turtles'
bodies
D．take
turtles
to
the
best
water
source
答案：B 细节理解题。从文中第二段最后一句“But
herbivores
(食草的)
butterflies
sometimes
struggle
to
get
this
extra
mineral
source.”可知蝴蝶喝乌龟的眼泪是为了从乌龟的眼泪中获取一种矿物质，故选B。
5．The
third
paragraph
mainly
tells
us________.
A．what
leads
to
the
extremely
low
levels
of
sodium
in
the
region
B．why
sodium
is
very
important
for
butterflies
in
the
region
C．what
takes
away
the
sodium
of
the
surface
of
the
region
D．why
the
region
is
badly
short
of
the
mineral
dirt
答案：A 主旨大意题。第三段第一句话可概括本段大意，即：第三段主要讲了导致该地区钠的含量极低的原因。
6．We
can
conclude
from
the
passage
that________.
A．the
butterflies
like
eating
meat
for
getting
salt
B．the
turtles
like
the
butterflies
drinking
their
tears
C．turtle
tears
are
the
only
source
of
salt
for
the
butterflies
D．the
Andes
Mountains
lies
east
of
the
western
Amazon
rainforest
答案：D 推理判断题。从第三段最后两句话“The
region
is
also
cut
off
from
the
mineral
dirt
blown
towards
the
west
from
the
Andes
Mountains.”可知，D正确，其他三项与文中事实不符。
7．What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage
A．Turtles'
Enemy
or
Turtles'
Friends
B．A
Line
Straight
out
of
a
Fantasy
Novel
C．The
Western
Amazon
Rainforest's
Turtles
D．Amazonian
Butterflies
Drinking
Turtle
Tears
答案：D 主旨大意题。D项直接说明了文章陈述的事实，点明了文章主旨内容，最为贴切。
1．straight
adv.
直接地
2．attract
vt.
吸引
3．significant
adj.
重要的；显著的
4．source
n.
来源
5．painful
adj.
痛苦的；疼痛的
1．in
fact
事实上；实际上
2．can't
help
doing...
禁不住做……
Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2017·都江堰模拟]EDITOR'S
NOTE:
__1__
To
help
solve
the
problem,
the
government
released
some
guidelines.
They
said
that
in
future
tour
guides
would
probably
receive
tips
from
tourists
who
are
willing
to
reward
their
quality
service.
Do
you
support
giving
tips
to
tour
guides
YES
Shi
Jiahao,
18：
I'm
in
favor
of
giving
tips
to
tour
guides.
__2__
They
can
also
encourage
the
guides
to
work
harder.
What's
more,
if
we
could
make
full
use
of
tips,
it
would
promote
mutual(相互的)
trust
between
tourists
and
tour
guides.
Zhou
Yuwei,
16：
I
support
the
idea.
In
the
West,
tour
guides
get
extra
rewards
for
good
service.
__3__
However,
in
China,
tour
guides
are
not
really
respected
enough.
Perhaps
regulating(规范)
tipping
could
improve
their
status.
NO
Zhu
Yiming,
15：
I
object
to
the
practice.
It's
a
tour
guide's
job
to
ensure(确保)
every
tourist
has
a
pleasant
trip.
__4__
If
giving
tips
became
common,
some
guides
might
take
it
for
granted
that
they
would
receive
tips.
They
could
even
force
tourists
to
give
them
tips.
We
should
use
other
ways
to
help
tourism
develop
healthily.
Zhai
Xiaohang,
17：
I
am
definitely
opposed
to(反对)
the
idea.
If
tips
were
allowed,
the
guide
would
inevitably(必然)
show
preference
to
those
who
might
pay
more,
thus
making
the
whole
trip
unfair.
__5__
The
tourism
industry
might
become
corrupt(腐败)．
A．Responsible
attitudes
and
excellent
work
deserve(应受)
rewards.
B．Some
may
even
bribe
the
guide
to
get
better
service.
C．Conflicts
between
tourists
and
tour
guides
are
often
seen.
D．We
must
give
the
guide
tips
for
their
extra
work.
E．Tourists
have
paid
for
their
service.
F．It's
unfair
for
the
tourists
to
pay
more
money.
G．Tips
are
recognition
of
tour
guides'
ability
and
value.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文中讲述了由于导游和游客之间经常会出现一些问题，为了解决这些问题，于是政府准备出台一些政策允许导游从游客处收取小费，不同的人对这些政策有着不同的看法。
1．C 后一句中的solve
the
problem暗示空格处只有C项可选，即游客和导游间发生矛盾的问题。故选C。
2．G 后一句中的They
can
also...
表明小费的另一方面的价值，则上一句说明小费一方面的价值，唯G项有此意。故选G。
3．A 根据前句可知，在西方国家导游是可以接受小费的，此处表示负责的态度及出色的工作应受奖励。故选A。
4．E 根据前句可知，导游的工作就是确保每个游客都能有一次愉快的旅行，此处表示游客已经为他们的服务买过单了。故选E。
5．B 后一句说明给导游小费可能会使旅游业产生腐败现象。只有行贿才产生腐败，B项意为“一些游客可能会给导游行贿以谋取更好的服务”，符合上下文语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
After
growing
up
in
Korea
and
moving
to
the
United
States
during
high
school,
it
was
very
hard
for
me
__1__
(adjust).
Worse
still,
even
if
I
made
efforts
to
overcome
every
difficulty,
with
a
language
barrier
and
lack
__2__
motivation
from
some
schools,
__3__
(horrible),
I
found
myself
__4__
(lose)and
unsure
of
my
future.
I
wasn't
interested
in
anything
but
when
I__5__
(hear)
about
WMS,
I
was
very
excited
with
__6__
the
school
had
to
offer.
What's
more,
the
teachers
made
me
have
a
sense
of
self－determination
that
allowed
me
to
study
hard
and
do
my
__7__(good).
As
a
result,
I
benefited
a
lot
from
WMS.
I
will
encourage
any
student
who
has
__8__
motivation
to
open
up
a
future
full
of
opportunity.
__9__
(look)
back
as
a
graduate,
I
have
but
__10__
(thank)
and
gratitude
towards
WMS.
I
will
say
though
I
was
only
a
high
school
student
when
I
came
to
WMS,
I
will
never
forget
it.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述对于从小在韩国长大的作者，初去美国读书会让他觉得困难，难以适应。
1．to
adjust 考查不定式短语作真正主语。It
is/was
very
hard
for
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“对某人来说做某事很难”。
2．of 考查固定搭配。lack
of
sth.意为“缺乏某物”。
3．horribly 考查副词作状语。
4．lost 考查过去分词作宾补。lost此处意为“迷失的”，可视为形容词，表示一种心境、状态，不表被动。
5．heard 考查动词的时态。根据“I
wasn't
interested
when
I
________”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
6．what 考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，且指物，故填what。
7．best 考查固定短语。do
my
best意为“尽我最大努力”。
8．the 考查冠词。名词后有定语修饰，故应特指。
9．Looking 考查非谓语动词。look与主语I为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
10．thanks 考查名词。thanks
and
gratitude为常用短语，该名词短语作have的宾语。
Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)
[2017·湖南师大附中摸底]
假定你是李华，高考(National
Matriculation
Test)后想去澳大利亚旅行15天，主要想更多地了解当地文化和大学。给你的澳洲朋友Joe写信，请他根据你的时间和旅行目的对你附件中的行程(itinerary)进行一些修改。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[标准范文]
Dear
Joe，
My
high
school
is
over
at
last!
I
am
planning
to
travel
around
Australia
for
15
days
after
the
NMT,
hoping
to
learn
more
about
the
local
culture
and
universities.
Since
I
have
never
been
there
before
and
only
got
some
information
from
the
Internet,
I
am
writing
to
ask
you
to
do
me
a
favor.
Considering
my
travelling
time
and
purposes,
I
wonder
if
you
can
make
some
changes
to
my
itinerary
in
the
attachment
so
that
my
trip
can
turn
out
more
fruitful
and
practical.
After
all,
you
know
what
suits
me
best.
I
am
looking
forward
to
your
reply
and
seeing
you
soon
in
Australia.
Yours，
Li
Hua
