高三英语复习策略

非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
1． 动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing … 习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。
例如： How is the situation in our country It is encouraging .
What is your job My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 让某事一直做着
5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
练习
I .单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told
D. Having told
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .
A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make
6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .
A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .
---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
II . 用动词的正确形式填空
1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .
3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .
5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .
答案：
I
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
II
1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
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- 1 -名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句
名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语, 宾语,表 语, 同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：
一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位. 这类词只有一个,that
二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位, 如 :whether , if 和 as if
三. 词本身有词义且在句中有地位. 如:who , whom , whose , what , which , when , where , why , how
例句如下:
1). That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised .
上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊. ( that 引导主语从句)
2). It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not .
你是否来关系不太大. ( whether 引导主语从句 , it 作形式主语 )
3). Who will go is not important .
谁要来不重要. (who 引导主语从句 )
4). The question was who could go there .
问题是谁能去那儿. (who 引导表语从句 )
5). He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .
他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来. ( 两个that 引导 的都是 宾语从句)
6). The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊. ( that 引导同位语从句)
运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:
1. whether 与 if 引导名词性从句是略有区别, if 不能引导主语从句, 不能与 or not 连用,不与不定式连用.
2. 宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应, 主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时, 过去将来时)
3.宾语从句否定前移问题: 当主句中有 : I think ( suppose , expect , believe , imagine , guess ) 时.应当否定 这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定 ,应当注意的是主语必须是 "I " , 其他主语同于一般动词的否定. 如: I don't think you are right . (我认为你不对.)
I don't believe they will win the game . (我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)
She supposed that we couldn't arrive so early . ( 他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)
4. 同位语从句一般用 that 引用,先行词一般为: news , fact , idea , suggestion , promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词. 如:
Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun .( 众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)
I have no idea when he will be back . (我不知道他什么时间回来.)
练习
I. 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句
1.I don't if I can do it .
2. What he is doing seems very difficult .
3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies .
4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people .
5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another .
6. I was surprised at what he said .
7. That's what you are going to do first .
8. That'll be decided who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting .
9. When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion .
10. Here comes the news that some foreigners from America will visit our school .
答案：
1.if I can do it 宾语从句
2 What he is doing 主语从句
3 how we can improve our studies 表语从句
4 how he can do more for the people 介词宾语从句
5 that she was pretending to be sick 同位语从句
6 what he said 介词宾语从句
7 what you are going to do first 表语从句
8 who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting宾语从句
9 When the sports meet is to be held 主语从句
10 that some foreigners from America will visit our school 同位语从句
II.把下列各句填入适当的引导词
1.---Could you tell me _____ the man is
--- He is my brother.
2. I didn't know _____ he was coming until yesterday .
3.----It's still a question ____ we shall have our sports .
--- It's said we shall have it next week .
4. The news _____ he was chosen made us happy .
5. The doctor asked ____ medicine you have taken .
6. This is _____ they solved the problems in the city .
7._____ our football team will win is uncertain yet .
8. _____ frightened us most was _____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness .
9. My mother asked ____ was the matter with me .
10. The reason I didn't come to the meeting was ____ I got ill .
答案： 1. who 2. that 3.when 4.that 5.what 6.how 7.Whether 8.What 9. what 10 that
III.翻译下列各句
1. .肯定他将来参加宴会。
2. 决定我们什么时候去北京了吗？
3. 他什么也没说使大家都很奇怪。
4. 无疑问史密斯先生很健康。
5. 很清楚你错了。
6. .这是我们所想要的东西。
7. 我想你对。
8. .我想知道他是否能帮助我。
9. .天气不是昨天那样了。
10. 问题是我们怎么能完成任务。
答案：
1.It is sure that he will come to the party .
2.Is it decided when we will go to Beijing
3.The fact that he didn't say anything surprised everyone .
4.There is no doubt that Mr Smith is in good health .
5.It is clear that you are wrong .
6.This is what we want .
7.I think you are right .
8. I ' like to know whether you can help me or not .
9. The weather is not what it was yesterday .
10. The problem is how we can finish the task .
形容词从句
形容词从句在句中起形容词作用.形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词从句又叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导,先行词一定与引导词有关系，引导词应能代替先行词，在从句中做成分，因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.
形容词从句中的引导词尤为重要。一是引导从句，作为从句的重要标志；二是代替先行词;三是在从句中充当成分。
由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类: 一. 主语,宾语引导词. 如: who , whom , what , that , which , as 二 .状语引导词. 如: where , when , why 三 .定语引导词. 如: whose
例如: 1). She is the girl who sings best of all . 她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.
引导词who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.
2). Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red . 给我书皮是红色的那本书.
引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语 .
3). A steel plant is a place where steel is made . 钢厂是生产钢的地方.
引导词 where 与先行词 the place 有关系,相当于 in the place , 在句中作状语,可以理解为: steel is made in the place .
4). As everyone knows , he is honest . 众所周知,她很诚实.
引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作know的宾语.
需要注意的几个问题:
1. 先行词为"人"时,引导词用 who ,whom ; whose 即可代替"人"又可代替"物", that 即可指"人"又可指"物"; which 指"物"或"整句"; as 前面常有such 或the same.
例如: 1). I won't tell them the news , which will make them sad . 我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的. ( which 指物 )
2). Bamboo is hollow , which makes them very light . 竹子是 空 的,这会使他们轻. ( which代替整句话: bamboo is hollow )
3). He must be from Africa , as can he seen from skin . 从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.( as 指全句: he must be from Africa )
4). Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances .李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.( who 指人 )
5). That is the boy whose father died three years ago . 那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.(whose 指人 ,相当于: the boy's )
6). Do you have a bottle whose lid is red 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗 ( whose 指物 )
2. that 和 which 都能指物, 指物是可以互换, that 也能指人 .但下列情况必须用that.
1)先行词为 all , anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词.
2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰.
3)先行词被the only , the very , the same , the last 等词修饰.
4) 先行词既有人也有物.
5) 以who 开头的疑问句
例如:
I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor .
我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.
The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine .
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园.
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe .
玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物.
They talked about things and persons that they remembered .
他们谈起所记起的人和事.
以下情况时能用which
1) 前面紧接介词时.
2) 引导非限定从句时
例如:
This is the book about which we are talking now .
这是我们正谈的那本书.
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect.
汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1. Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow .
2. Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.
3.He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin .
4. Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time .
5. 1949 was the year ____ the New China was born .
6.I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today .
7. This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago .
8.I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time .
9.The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister .
10.The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .
答案： 1. whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whom
II.合并各组句子
1. The factory is a small one .
The factory stands near the river .
2. Have you answered the letter
You got that letter two weeks ago .
3. I'll never forget the day .
On that day I joined the League .
4.We are not allowed to do so .
Tell me the reason .
5. The boy student is very young .
He won the game .
6. The town has become a famous city .
He grew up in the town .
7. I spend my childhood in Suzhou .
I have never been there again since I left .
8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter .
He has not seen the girl for years .
9. Do you know the man
His son is a famous scientist.
10. My uncle bought the bicycle last week .
The bicycle has been stolen .
答案：
1.The factory which is a small one stands near the river .
2. Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago
3. I'll never forget the day when I joined the League .
4. Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.
5. The boy who won the game is very young .
6.The town in which he grew up has become a famous city .
7.I I have never been in Suzhou again since I left , where I spent my childhood.
8.He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not seen for years .
9.Do you know the man whose son is a famous scientist
10. The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen .
III .改错
1. The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold .
2. Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task .
3. Even at that moment he didn't come to our help , who made us disappointed .
4.Mr Williams has two sons , both of whom looks like him .
5.When we passed the place which the dead boy lay , each of us saluted.
答案： 1.on改为 in 2. is 改为are 3.who改为 which 4.looks改为 look 5.which改为 where
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- 1 -高考阅读理解题考题种种
阅读理解是考查考生语言知识综合运用能力的试题。它要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意，又能掌握说明主旨大意的事实细节；既能理解具体事实，又能理解抽象概念；既能理解字面意思，又能理解深层含义；既能理解单个句段意义，又能理解通篇逻辑关系。要达到这样的要求我们有必要研究一下阅读题的题型结构，纵观近几年高考阅读题，我们可以把阅读题型分为两大类：主观题和客观题。主观题包括：词义判断题、主旨大意题、逻辑推理题、标题判断题、作者意图判断题； 客观题是指细节信息判断题。
（１）词义判断题是检查考生对生词的理解判断能力，在确定词汇的内涵时候我们可借助上下文判断与确定语意最接近的词汇或句型，根据语意的递进、转折、对比等特定语境确定应选的词汇；可借助过度词根据前后的句意反差，确定有关词汇或句型，还可以根据语段之间的逻辑关系，确定有关词汇。以2004年高考题天津卷为例，第70小题是一道词义判断题，需要考生根据上下文对词义加以判断，考生需要阅读collisions前后的语句，即：“Researchers are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids to aviation control.”可以得知，航班的大量增加给飞行员及地勤人员造成很大压力，这就自然导致机场及周边地区不断增长的飞行事故。本题答案A项是最贴切的。又如：第62小题考查词义判断题。原文第五节中，年轻有为的Schipper回忆起，她五年前和Gould相见时的情况时说，“…Shane had come along to talk to us and watch us train. It seemed as if we had long been good friends. I don’t know why. We just started talking and it went from there.”那时，她们互相交谈，Shane还看她们训练，好像她们已是多年的老朋友似的。Schipper解释她都不清楚为什么她们从交谈中产生了解和友情。故it 意为the friendship最贴切。
（２）主旨大意题通常是指考查文章的中心思想， 考查文章的主题、立意、中心观点、基本观点。不少文章一开头便展示文章的的主题， 如新闻报导等；，有些文章中心思想常常贯穿于全文， 要弄清文章的中心思想，考生必须具备归纳和概括方面的能力。例如：
On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle . The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager , for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “ the kingdom of bicycles “.
Robert Friedlander , an American , arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Belhi , India .
When he was 11 , he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road . Now , after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true .
Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地)were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urimqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
考题 The best headline ( 标题) for this newspaper article would be __________ .
A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an
C.Moarco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims
（３）逻辑推理题需要考生理解字面的概念，又要掌握主要情节之间的逻辑关系，既需要依据语篇的信息去分析推断，又需要结合地理、人文、科普等常识去分析判断。逻辑推理题要求考生根据作者的写作脉络，对未发生或已发生的动作给予判断推测。解题时应考虑原因与结果之间的联系、人际之间的各种关系、事件发展的可能与归宿以及英美社会风情与民族的心态。例如：天津卷第71题，这是一道逻辑推理题。根据短文的陈述，A、B项与短文基本内容不符。短文对航空运输的现状作了详细阐述后，在最后一节特别强调飞行员与地勤人员的沟通必须引起重视。应该说，此题选D项在情理之中。又如：Emma hart Willard was an American pioneer educator . In her time colleges and universities were men , and women were not permitted to attend . Emma received advanced education at home from her father and became a school teacher at twenty . She continued to teach at school for several years after her marriage , and began offering college lessons in her home to women students . Later she founded a school in New York State , which was the first school of higher education in the U.S A. for women . Emma Willard also tried to persuade New York State to pass a law to allow women to attend public colleges and universities , though that did not come about until after her death . Some years later people remembered her for her life-long efforts and elected her to the U.S.A. Hall of Fame in 1905.
During Emma Willard’s lifetime , women in the USA __________ .
A. were not allowed to receive higher education
B. Went to separate colleges and universities
C. Started to enjoy equal rights to education
D. Began to right for the right to higher education
答案： D 。
这是一篇人物传记， 记述Emma是在家里接受她父亲的教育，数年后她创造美国第一所 女子高等学校，而后又一直争取让妇女得到与男人同在校接受高等教育的权利。通过这些事实说明当时的美国妇女开始为争取与男子享受高等教育的权利而斗争，因此，答案D正确。
（４）标题判断题目的在于考查考生略读文章，领会文章大意及高度抽象概括能力。文章的标题往往可用很少的几个词加以概括，考生逾越文章的细节与段落，以语篇的中心内涵为依托构成了标题选择的独特视角。这种题型的提问方式有：1. The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is _______ ; 2. The paragragh could be entitled _______ ; 3. Which of the following titles best sums up the whole passage 4. A good title for this passage would be _________ ; 5. A suitable title for this passage would be _______。 以下是一个标题判断题的例子。
Shu Pulong has helped at least 1,000 people bitten by snake . “ It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this areer , “ he said .
In 1963 , after his army service , Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine . As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains . there he often heard pf people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives .
“ I was greatly upset by the story of an ole farmer I met . It was a very hot afternoon . The old man was pulling grass in his fields then he felt a pain in his left hand . He at once realized his had been bitten by a poisonous snake . In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart . Rushing home he shouted ‘ Bring me the knife !’ Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”
“ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes , “ Shu said .
The best title for this newspaper article is __________ .
A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm
C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor
（５）作者意图题是指考查考生对作者言外之意的理解，这通常不在文中明确表达出来，而是含在文章之中。请看下面的例子：
Like alcohol and drugs , TV can be enormously destructive to personal relationships . Look at our society , you do not need to be a psychiatrist (精神病医生)to know that TV has played an important role in the increase of violent crimes in our country .
Many people will disagree with what I have written and pint out that TV is a wonderful tool for education and does a super job of reporting news , and they have a point . But it’s very difficult to use the TV wisely . How can you get your children away from the set when their father can find nothing better to do It seems as if he has no control over his own environment because TV comes before everything .
What is the writer’s attitude towards TV
A. Positive （肯定的）　　B. Indifferent ( 中立的)
C. Indefinite （不定的）　　D. Negative (否定的)
通过阅读文章，可以看出作者并非全部否定电视的益处，其态度是辨证的，　虽然电视带来好多弊端，但它也有好多益处。所以选择B。　　
(6)客观题的信息可以从文章的字面上获得，文章中的信息表述有时不与考题提供的信息表述不同，有时正话反说，有时利用不同表达方式。考生应从细节上加以判断，实际上，这种题又叫细节判断题。如天津卷第５６小题，原文第一节中“…they migrate-all the way to California or Mexico and back”,以及原文第二节“Every year in the late summer…Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi area, then fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places… Each place provides a winter home for millions of monarchs. ”中，可以得知，选项A、B、D所指的地点均为monarchs南迁中途径的地区。而文中One in Mexico, they settle themselves….Each place provides a winter home for…，则表明C是正确选项。又如第 57小题，原文最后一小节：“Scientists learn about monarchs’ migration by catching and making marks on the insects. By re-catching （=catch again） a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from (=examining its routing),the next scientist can get to know things like the butterfly’s age and its outing.”十分清楚地表明黑脉金斑蝶迁飞路线是通过给它们身上所作的记号中得知。显然A项是惟一正确的答案。
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- 1 -单项选择题如何设置干扰项
1． 设置词性相同，但意思不同的单词。往往不同的词有不同的搭配，出题人利用学生死记短语的习惯设置相关项进行干扰。这种题需要考生着重注意句义和词义。例如：
( 1 ) It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished .
A. for B. with C. from D. of ( B )
学生往往死记短语die from 死于（外部原因）; die of（死于疾病） ; die for（ 为。。。。。而死），出题人抓住了学生这种心理，设置了干扰项 of , from , for ,其实题目要表达：没有完成他的著作就死去了。With 在这里是复合结构。
( 2 ) I’d like to buy a house- modern , comfortable , and _____ in a quiet neighborhood .
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all ( B )
四个短语都是副词，但意思有区别，考生需要判断题干的意思。横线处需要“首要”意思的短语，in all 总计；above all 首要的是；after all 毕竟；at all 与not 连用，加重语气；
( 3 ) ----- Which of the three ways shall take to the village
------ _________ way as you please .
A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either ( C )
四个形容词都可用作定语， 但意思不同， any 表示三者以上的任何一个；either 表示两者中的任何一个， each , every 意思不合适， 考生需要抓住any 与either 在表示“数”意思的区别。
( 4 ) The number of people present at the concert was _________ than expected . There were many tickets left .
A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more ( A )
四个词都是形容词，都能填在横线上，注意力应放在词义或搭配上。这里number 应当与large 或small连用，这里由于有后一句There were many tickets left, 所以选择samller 。
( 5 ) Scientists say it may be five or six years _______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients .
A. since B. after C. before D. when ( C )
四个词都是从属连词，词性不必考虑，注意力应放在意思上，这里选before 。
2． 设置词义相同，但形式不同的单词。形式有动词的不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词时态、名词的单数或复数、形容词的比较级或最高级、代词的格等。考生需要根据题干意思判断哪一种形式符合语境。
( 1 ) ----You were out when I drop in at your airport .
---- Oh , I ______ for a friend from English at the airport .
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited ( A )
从A、B、C、D四个选项可以看出，横线处的意思不必考虑，肯定是“等待”，但需要考虑什么时候等待，此处表示“我在飞机场那段时间”正在等，所以用过去完成时was waiting 。
( 2 ) ---- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow .
---- You _____ her last week .
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told ( D )
四个选项都是“告诉”，不必考虑横线处意思，但需要判断“什么时间告诉？”、“被告诉？”“告诉别人”还是有别的语气？从上文可以看出 ，后者在埋怨前者“上星期就应当告诉她”所以用should have told 。
( 3 ) Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time _____ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing ( D )
词义没有必要再考虑，需要考虑语境，病倒卧床将近一个月，通过考试很艰难 ，have sth. doing sth. 让某事一直在做着（保持着某种状态）；have sb do sth. 使某人做某事；have sth. done 使某事被做；have sth. to do 有某事要做。这里选择passing 表示当时通过考试的艰难情景。
3． 设置词序不同的选项。考生需要按语言知识判断正确词序。
( 1 ) It was ______ back home after the experiment .
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he go D. until midnight when he didn’t go ( C )
从A 、B、C、D四个选项中可以看出词的顺序不同，所以思维目标应定在句型结构上，此句为强调句型， not 与until 一起提到被强调的位置 。
( 2 ) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home .
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much ( A )
从四个选项中可以看出，此题为词序问题，所以，注意力应放在词序上，理解为the box was heavy, heavy 之前有修饰语much too ,much too 后接形容词或副词； too much 与much too 用法不同，后跟名词，如：too much water 。
( 3 ) The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _____ with each other .
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled （C）
从四个选项中得知，此题为词序问题，有的是正常词序，有的是倒装，注意力集中到题干中是否有否定意义的词打头，这里never 在句首，所以，用倒装形式。还要考虑时态，这里由于前一分句有have been married ,所以，后一分句也应用现在时，故选择A。
4． 设置近义词干扰。近义词虽然意思相近，但往往用法上有区别，考生可以从用法或搭配上加以判断。
( 1) ----- How do you _______ we go to Beijing for our holidays
----- I think we’d better fly there . It’s much more comfortable .
A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest ( D )
从四个选项中可以看出，四个词意思不同，但都是动词，这种情况应注意横线处需要的意思，另外还要注意句中的特殊语言现象，这里有we go to Beijing ,相当于we should go to Beijing ,should被省掉了。四个词中insist 和suggest可以与should do 结构连用，should 可以省略。但insist 表示“硬要做。。。。，坚持说”所以，只有suggest 可以填入横线处。
( 2 ) Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _____ of little children .
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance ( B )
四个都是名词，所以要考虑搭配和词义，这里reach 与within 连用，within reach of 意思为：。。。够得着
5． 设置不同的词，使结构发生变化进行干扰。考生首先去掉附加成分、独立成分等，单词或短语归位，需要搞清题干要讲什么意思，需要什么结构。例如：
( 1 ) It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found .
A. because B. which C. since D. that ( D )
此题考查学生对句型结构的辨认，如果选择since 或 because ，引导状语从句，如果选择which 或that ,则引导定语从句，如果选择that 还有一种可能，是强调句型，当it is (was )在句首时，应首先怀疑是强调结构，然后加以判断。判断方法是把it is ( was )…… that ……强调结构去掉，如果漏出一个成分完整的句子，证明是强调句型的句子，如果去掉之后不是一个完整的句子，则不是强调句型，应考虑定语从句或it 做人称代词表示时间、距离、天气的情况。此句去掉it was…that ….之后,漏出with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found .是一句成分完整的句子，所以，判断此句是一个强调句。
( 2 ) What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it .
A. the way B. in the way C. in a way D. the way which ( A )
此题给出四个不同的短语，不论填入其中哪一个 ，句型结构都会有变化。添入the way ， way 与what he said 对等，由but 连接，way 后的he said it 是way 的定语从句；填入in the way ， but 前后结构不能构成并列;填入in a way 也是如此；填入the way which ， but 前后可以构成并列，但which 不能引导此类定语从句。
( 3 ) _______ straight on and you’ll see a church . You won’t miss it .
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going ( A )
从四个选项中可以看出，此题是在考查句子结构问题，C　项可考虑条件状语从句；B项或D项可考虑分词短语做状语；而A项则考虑祈使句。这里有and 连接前后各一个句子，所以，选择A。
6． 不同口语表达方式的干扰。考生需要判断句子表达的意思，需要什么样的口语表达方式。例如：
( 1 ) ------ Go for a picnic this weekend , OK
------ _________ . I love getting close to nature .
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so ( A )
这里需要选项A, I couldn’t agree more ,意思为：我再同意不过。设置了 I’m afraid not (我恐怕不行)；I believe not (我相信 不行)；I don’t think so (我认为不是这样)， 由后一句I love getting close to nature 可知：要去野餐。
( 2 ) ------ I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her .
------ ________ . It was her fault .
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all ( A )
从It was her fault 一句可以看出， 此人不想打电话给她， 因为是她的过错。四个选项中no way 表示“没门儿”。
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- 1 -如何做好第一轮复习
复习的过程是总结,归纳,系统,提高的过程,它是学习过程中一个重要环节。通过总结,归纳,学生把零散的知识连成线,连成片,构成系统的知识网络。那么，如何进行归纳，总结呢 ？笔者认为：应当以教材为蓝本，以考纲为目标，找准知识点，把握复习方向。我们知道每年高考题中的知识点源于教材，但题目必须具有原创性。鉴于这一点，以教材为蓝本，使考点成为有源之水，有本之木；必然受到较好的复习效果。怎样确定考点呢？应当以考纲为目标，做到有的放矢，目标明确。
第一轮复习中应当处理好三个关系，（一）教材与考纲的关系；（二）考点与知识点的关系；（三）知识与能力的关系。
教材是知识点的载体，各种各样的知识点通过载体表现得千姿百态，异同有别；知识点以载体为背景，教材内容对知识点加以衬托，显现出知识点各自的特征，没有载体的知识点就成了无源之水，无本之木，就会造成学生理解、掌握知识的障耐。我们在第一轮复习中，怎样面对众多纷纭的知识点呢？不能面面俱到，而应轻重有别，要做到轻重有别，就要以考纲为目标。考纲上规定的，才是高考卷上可能出现的，考纲上没有的，我们根本没有必要去频繁地练习它、研究它，那样会造成事倍功半的后果。这里列举两例说明教材里出现的知识点与考纲里出现的知识点的差异。
高中英语第一册第一单元列词汇如下：introduction , practice , dawn , state , chemistry , geography , well , result , physics , biology , opinion , vacation , general , wheat , employ , pump , expression , area , channel , regret
列短语如下：as a result , in one’s opinion , find out , give one’s regards to sb. in the way ,
come on , have sb. do , so do I , go on with sth . , prefer A to B , in the south , take care of , at this time last week
列句型如下： Nice to meet you . Let me introduce sb. to sb. See you soon . I must go / be off / be leaving now . Give one’s regards / best wishes / love to sb .
上文所列出的词汇有些在考纲中没有，如：oral , partner , regards ;还有的是三会词汇，如：area , opinion , vacation , general ,wheat ,employ , expression , channel , regret ，这些词汇只要求学生能听懂，会读，懂得汉语意思就可以了。
高中英语第一册第二单元列词汇如下： allow , once , unless , experiment , cupboard , electricity, , shut , finally , basin , soap , taste , lively , petrol , castor , oil , vinegar , mix , mixture , dip , second , suck , sadly , request , proper
列短语如下：on holiday , first of all , follow your teacher’s instruction , make sure , allow sb. to do sth . , have a way of doing sth., bring out , fill sth. with sth. , hold up , dip A into B, make faces , taste horrible , a student of chemistry, turn off, by the side of , instead of , at the end of
列句型如下：What about … sb. told sb. to do sth . sb. asked sb . to do sth .
在第二单元里考纲中没有出现的词汇有：suck, dip , petrol, vinegar, mix, mixture 这些词在高考题中不会成为考点。另外，像experiment ,sadly, finally, lively, basin ,request, cupboard, electricity, soap, castor, oil proper 这些词作为三会单词，只要求听懂，能读，知道汉语意思 。
从以上两个单元的例子可以看出，第一轮复习不能脱离开教材，应当在教材中去理解，分析，掌握知识点，但又应当认真地研究考纲，把握住考点，做到方向明确，轻重有别，精讲精练，事半功倍。
在第一轮复习中，对于知识点应做拉网式总结，而且应注意编织知识网络。但应当指出的是知识点不等于考点。考点与知识点是两个不同的概念，考点含盖着更多的知识点，一个考点是一个小的知识网络；知识点是考点的支撑，考点来源于知识点，复习中应当注重知识点，更应当注重考点，应当把复习的重点放到研究考点上。还是以第一单元为例，考点并不多，这里列出来可供参考：（1）go 构成的短语，如：go away ，go on doing sth (go on to do sth )；（2）“必须走”的表达方式，如：must be off , must be leaving ;(3) prefer A to B, prefer to do sth . prefer doing A to doing B ;(4) in the way , by the way , on the way ;(5) have sb. do sth., have sth. done , have sth. doing , have sth. to do ;(6) until , not until (7) so do I , so I do 等等。
在复习中如何对待知识点与考点呢？它们之间是什么关系呢？笔者认为知识点是认知的知识，而考点是运用的知识点。换句话说，知识点是记忆性的知识，而考点需要加工、分析、判断的知识。这里举例说明：result 一词是一个普通名词，记住它的汉语意思就可以了，并且了解它能够成短语，as a result ,意思是：其结果。 go与result不同，光记住它的汉语意思是不够的，还应当记住它怎样应用，应当掌握它的不同用法;go on to sth ，go on doing sth . go on with sth . 它与 keep on ding短语的区别是什么，go 还可以构成不同的短语，如：go away , go out , go in , go off 等等，所以还需对go 的深层含义加以挖掘，并应分析它的特征，分析它的含义，go on doing 表示做某过程中停顿一会继续做;go on to do 指接着做（另一件事）；keep on ding指连续不断地做，go on with 或go on to 后跟名词。从这些例子可以看出，知识点是加以识记的知识，而考点是识记并加以分析运用的知识，基于这一点，在复习 过程中，教师和学生都应努力挖掘考点。
知识与能力是两个不同的概念，一提到知识，就想到识记，一提到能力，就想到运用。其实，能力是知识运用的熟练程度，对某方面知识能运用自如，这说明能力强。在教学过程中，我们应当努力把知识转化为能力，只有能力才是我们工作、生活中最有意义的。目前的高考中，题目的设定实现了以知识立意向以能力立意的转变，着重考查学生的能力水平，这就为我们的复习指明了方向。下面我们进一步举例说明能力与知识的关系，introduce一词的意思 为“介绍”，如果你只知道它的汉意，说明你只是有了introduce的知识，但如果你不光知道它的汉语意思，而且能正确地读，别人讲这个词，你能听懂，而且你能把它写下来，甚至能进行形式变换，知道它的名词形式为 introduction,知道句型 introduce sb .to sb .能运用这个句型向别人传递信息，这就已经转化为能力了。
那么，能力是什么样形成的，上文中已经提到，能力是知识运用的熟练成度，它的着重点在“运用”，所以能力的形成离不开实践。对某知识点反复地运用，才能形成能力，在高考题中，考查学生的听、读、写等能力，考查学生的的语法运用能力，词语的辩析能力。这些能力都要靠教学中学生的反复操练才能获得。听力题考查学生既能听懂所传递的信息。而且能够做出迅速反映的能力；阅读题考查学生通过阅读材料，判断中心思想，作者意图、词义判断，细节信息的判断能力。单项选择题考查学生语境中对不同语法现象的理解，对不同词汇的理解。近几年的高考题中尽量减少了只凭死记就能得分的因素，加大了考查学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。在复习中要求我们把知识变为能力，把死的知识学活，注意挖掘知识点的深层含义，从而转化为能力，这里列举几例：
（1） so do I
一般讲解此短语时，告诉学生（1）汉语意思：我也那样做了（2）应当附在上文是肯定含义的句子后面，（3）与neither do I 或nor do I的区别, neither do I ( nor do I )用于上文为否定意义的句子中，而so do I 用于上文是肯定意义的句子，但是往往忽略一点：so do I中的主语一定与上文中提到的主语不相同。请看下题：
A:You came here late yesterday .
B: _________________.
A. So did I B. So I did C. Neither did I D. Nor did I E. So do I
一般学生都会选择A项，当学生看到A、B、C、D、E五个选项时，首先想到的就是某某也是这样，Neither did I上文要求是否定句，E项中do与上文came时态不相符，这些学生都能考虑到，但you与I的选择上往往搞不清，其实这题的语境是A说B昨天来晚了，B回答说的确来晚了，如果选A，表达“我也是来晚了”显然语义不通，正确选项应当是C。意思是：我确实来晚了，这里you与I在对话中指的是同一个人此题的巧妙之处就在于此。
（2） without
without 一词意思是介词,意思是“没有”，这在学习中一般都要学到，但它与instead of的区别在什么地方？下题中是否能填without一词呢？
He stayed at home studying English________ going to the cinema.
A. without B. instead of C. instead D. with
句义为：他朵在家学习英语，没有去电影院。有的学生可能填入without 一词，没有考虑到instead of的区别，实质在于instead of表示前后两个动作，两种事物是对比的关系，而without没有这种作用，此题正确答案应当填入instead of。请看下题中应当填入without ,
Tom passed by me _________ saying hello to me . 汤姆从我身边走过，没有打招呼。
(3) unless
教师讲解unless 时，一般教给学生汉语意思“如果不”相当于if not ,这样学生在应用 这个词时，往往与until相混。例如：I didn’t work it out ________I explained how to him .
A: unless B. until C. when D. even
学生往往选择A。他们理解为：如果我不向他解释如何，他就不会解出这道数学题。学生这样理解是由于没有掌握unless一词的实质,与虚拟表达方式中的条件从句相混了，其实unless不能在虚拟表达时，引导条件状语从句。学生把它理解为虚拟语气是错误的，如果不向他解释就解不出这道数学题，事实上已经解出。理解为虚拟，但谓语动词结构不是虚拟结构，这样是不合理的，所以只能考虑until 一词，理解为：直到我向他解释，他才解出这道题。
从以上例子可以的出结论，只有反复操练知识点，仔细分析知识点的深层含义，才能找出知识点之间的内在联系，才能把知识转化为能力。
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- 1 -听力考点面面观
近几年的高考英语听力考试大都采用3个选项、长短10段对话或独白、20道小题的模式。影响学生听力测试的因素很多，如：播音速度、学生素质、环境影响等，但主要因素是学生自身。学生自身的素质包括：听力技巧、知识底蕴、反映能力等，我们在教学中应当努力提高学生的自身素质，在反复训练的过程中不断提高听力技巧，增加知识储备，增强反映能力，要想达到这一目的，研究一下高考听力试题很有必要。究竟高考听力考什么知识点？怎样设计考点？笔者列出点点，仅供参考。
1、 考主旨要义。
听一段对话或一段独白，要求考生判断对话或独白的中心思想。这样的题目要求考生听懂对话或独白的大意，抓住对话或独白的“who”、 “what”、“when ”、“where”、“how”等关键语句。如：录音：
M: I wish I could get used to the American customs of Using first names .
W: We usually call good friends by their first names .
考题： What is the man talking about
A. The woman’s name . B. A custom that is new to him .
C. American names .
答案：B 。
又如：录音：
W: Look! It’s snowing .
M:Yes, but it’s terribly cold today . I’m glad I have my overcoat on .
W: There is ice on the lake , too . We’ll be able to go skating this weekend .
M: Not if it’s too e on ! Let’s go back . I’m freezing .
W: You’ll just have to learn to like it . The weather in Ottawa will be like this for the next three months .
M: Yes, I know , but I wish it were shorter here .
考题：What are they talking about
A. Weather. B. Ottawa . C. skating .
答案：A 。
2、 考细节信息。
这样的考题要求考生对所听到的信息加以判断，所听到的信息与试卷上所给的信息表达方式不同，要求学生做出判断。做出判断时应注意的问题：
1.用不同的表达方式表达相同的意思，对话中或独白中用一种表达方式，而在考题中用另外一种表达方式，这就要求学生在平时的学习中多积累同一意思不同表达的知识点。例如：录音：
M: I don’t think your hat matches your dress .
W: But I like its style .
考题： What does the man think about the woman’s hat
A. It’s very good . B. It doesn’t go well with her dress . C. He likes the style .
答案：B。
2．正话反说。对话中用肯定的方式表达出来，而考题中用否定的方式表达。或者，对话中用否定的方式表达出来，而考题中用肯定的方式表达。例如：录音：Kate was out when Joe called at her office this morning .
考题：Which sentence has the same meaning as the one you hear
A. Kate wasn’t in when Joe went to see her .
B. Kate went out of her office to see Joe .
C. Joe saw the officer at the gate .
答案：A。
3．直接信息。考生可以从对话中直接找到信息回答问题。例如：录音：
M: Mary is fond of camping , isn’t she
W: Yes. She often goes for weeks at a time .
考题：What does the woman say about Mary
A. She hasn’t gone camping for weeks .
B. She likes long camping trips .
C. It takes her a long time to plan her camping .
答案：B。
4．数字计算。对话或独白中给出一组数字，考题中从另一角度设问，考生需要加减乘除运算后做出判断。例如：录音：
W: I want a single room with a bath . What’s the rent
M: It’s $ 6 a day .
考题： How much does she have to pay if she stays for 5 days
A. $ 6 。 B. $ 11。 C. $ 30 。
答案：C 。
又如：录音：
M: Do you know how old Dick is this year
W: Well, let me see . I’m 39 and he is 4 years younger .
考题：How old is Dick now
A. 39 。 B. 43 。 C. 35。
答案：C。
5．时间判断题。对话或独白中给出一个动作的时间，考题中考查与所给动作时间有关动作的发生时间。例如：
录音：
M: Lucy , can you tell me when Linda will get here
W: I’m not sure , but she is supposed to be here at ten to nine .
问题：When should Linda get here
A. At 8:50 。 B. At 9:00。 C. At 10:00 。
答案：A。
又如：录音：
M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven .
W: Yes, he’ll be here in 15 minutes .
考题：
What time is it now
A. 7:15 。 B. 6:40 。 C. 7:45 。
6．对话背景。通过听对话人的语气，细节内容，判断对话的时间、地点、所发生的事件等。例如：录音：
W: Come in and sit down .
M: Thank you . Here O’ve got a small present for you for Christmas .
W: How nice of you ! Let’s open it right now . Oh , how lovely it is !
M: This small basket will be just right for candy and some other little things .
W: Where did you get it
M: It’s from China . two months ago , I went to China with my parents and I bought it for you in Beijing , the capital of China.
W: From China Thank you so much . No wonder it’s so lovely . China’s famous for its handicrafts . Let me see what it is made of .
M: It’s woven of bamboo .
W: Really How skillfully it’s done ! I’ll set it right here . Everybody can see it when coming in .
M: I’m very glad you like it .
考题：Where does this conversation take place
A. At a restaurant . B. At the woman’s home . C. In the street .
答案：B。
7．双方的关系。通过听对话，判断说话人的关系。例如：录音：
W: Hi, Mr.White . Do you know me
M: Of course . Who doesn’t Ann , the most outstanding student at our school . What can I do for you today
W: Can I speak to you for a few minutes
M: Yes. Go ahead .
W: The entrance exams are coming . I’ve some questions about what to study in the future .
M: What do you like
W: I’m interested in literature, especially world literatures . But my parent want me to study physics . They said physics was more useful than literature . What’s more , it would be easier for me to find a job after graduation.
M: It’s too early to think of finding jobs now . And physics and literature are both sciences , although quite different . Literature is as useful as physics . There’re many outstanding scientists . There’re also many great writers . You can’t tell who are more important . All of them have made great contributions to their countries and to the whole world and mankind as well .
W: Yes. How nice it would be if only my parents could see things this way !
考题：What ‘s the most probable relationship between the two speakers
A. They are friends . B.They are teacher and student.
B. They are boss and employee.
答案：B。
3、 问说话人的意图或观点。例如：录音：
W: If I speak this way , could you hear me clearly
M: Go ahead .
考题：What does the man mean
A. The woman should go away . B. He will get closer to her
C. He can hear her very well .
答案：C。
又如：
W: Hi , Fred . Where have you been
M: I’ve been to the library and borrowed some English books . Why do you ask
W: I thought you’d been to the post office . Did you find the money I left on the desk
M: Yes, $10 altogether . But I don’t know what it is for .
W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money
M: Note “ What note I don’t see any note .
W: Really It’s very strange . I left the money with a note saying I wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me . I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention .
M: I see now . Why can’t you go and get them yourself The post office is ony about 30 minutes’ walk from here . We often walk there after supper .
W: Of course I know how far it is from our school . I can’t go there myself because I’ve very busy doing some chemical experiments in the lab . And what’s more , I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed in the last one . If I can’t pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me .
考题： Where did the man go
A.To the library . B. The she chemistry lab C. To the post office
4、 考推测。对话或独白中没有直接提出事情的结果，需要考生根据对话中提到的线索进行推测。例如：录音：
M: Is that Ann
W: Yes .
M: This is Mike . How are things with you
W: Oh, very well, but I’m very busy .
M: Busy But you’ve finished all your exams
W: Yes, but I’ve lots of other things to do . I have to help my little sister with her foreign language .
M: How about coming out with me this evening There’s a new film put on .
W: I’m sorry , but I’m afraid I just can’t go with you . A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him this evening .
M: What a pity ! How about weekend then
W: No, I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents . We’er all very interested in arts , you know .
M: What about next week sometime
W: Maybe .
考题：What is the woman going to do tonight
A. Help her sister with English .
B. Meet her friend at the station .
C. Go to an exhibition with her parents .
答案 ：B 。
又如：录音：
M: We should stop here since we have been working for hours .
W: You are right . I’m a little bit tired .
考题：What will they do now
A. Have a rest . B. Go on working . C. Stop to work .
答案：A。
5、 听语气判断说话人的身份、或态度。例如：录音：
M: You go ahead and sit next to Jack . He often talks too much while watching games .
W: Why me
考题：What do you know from the woman’s answer
A. She can’t understand the man very well .
B. She doesn’t agree with the man .
C. Tom won’t like her sitting .
答案：B。
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