Unit
3 The
secret
of
success
Part
Ⅳ Writing
在当今充满挑战的时代，人们很容易陷入孤立的状态，没有一个组织能够单独完成所有的事情。我们越来越意识到成功的关键就是：个体、团队以及其他组织之间灵活的合作——团队精神。根据下面的提示写一篇短文，谈谈你对团队精神的理解。文中要包含下面要点：
自己的理解和经历
团队精神的体现与重要性
对团队精神的态度
注意：1.词数：不少于120词。
2．参考词汇：团队精神team
spirit。
参考范文：
It
is
reported
that
more
and
more
companies
tend
to
require
employees
with
team
spirit.Team
spirit
is
very
important
to
a
company.Cooperation
and
discussion
are
encouraged
instead
of
individual
effort.With
team
spirit，a
company
is
an
efficient
and
systematic
organization.Without
it，everyone
works
according
to
his
own
plan
and
there
is
no
efficiency
at
all.
In
my
opinion，team
spirit
is
an
important
quality
for
everyone.As
we
all
know，everyone
lives
in
a
family，community，class，school，and
company，all
of
which
are
different
kinds
of
teams.Only
with
openness
and
modesty
as
well
as
a
sense
of
unity
and
cooperation，can
we
achieve
success
and
contribute
to
society.Undoubtedly，team
spirit
is
being
given
more
and
more
attention
to.
1．It
is
reported
that
more
and
more
companies
tend
to
require
employees
with
team
spirit.
2．As
we
all
know，everyone
lives
in
a
family，community，class，school，and
company，all
of
which
are
different
kinds
of
teams.
3．Only
with
openness
and
modesty
as
well
as
a
sense
of
unity
and
cooperation，can
we
achieve
success
and
contribute
to
society.
下列句子来自短文中，如果做以下调整，文笔会更生动，试朗读并比较：
句1：With
team
spirit，a
company
is
an
efficient
and
systematic
organization.
句2：With
team
spirit，a
company
is
more
likely
to
be
an
efficient
and
systematic
organization.
句2中添加了more
likely
to
be
使文章更有说服力。
句1：In
my
opinion，team
spirit
is
an
important
quality
for
everyone.
句2：As
far
as
I'm
concerned，it
is
very
important
for
everyone
to
have
this
important
quality，team
spirit.
句2中使用了it
is
＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do
sth.的句型，使文章更加生动。
1．据说这次考试推迟了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It
is
said
that
the
exam
is
put
off.
2．我们班有46位同学，所有人都在努力学习。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：There
are
46
students
in
our
class，all
of
whom
are
working
hard.
3．只有我们所有人共同努力，才能保护好我们的环境。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Only
with
all
the
effort
from
everyone
can
we
protect
our
environment.
4．依我看来，我们要想成功重要的就是勤奋。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：As
far
as
I'm
concerned，if
we
want
to
succeed，it
is
important
to
work
hard.Unit
3 The
secret
of
success
重点词汇
sadden
vt.
使难过 bless
vt.
保佑；赐福于 brains
n.
(复数)智慧，智力天赋 fold
vi.&vt
垮掉，彻底失败；折叠 cheaply
adv.
便宜地，廉价地 pocket
n．&adj.
口袋；袖珍的 introduce
vt.
推出(新产品)；介绍 market
vt.&n.
推销；市场 downward
adj.
向下的 chairman
n.
主席 membership
n.
成员人数；成员资格 boom
vi&n.
激增；迅速发展 leadership
n.
领导；领导能力 incredibly
adv.
难以置信地 dramatically
adv.
令人吃惊地；戏剧性地 rope
n.
绳子 scene
n．现场 oxygen
n．氧气 unsure
adj.
不确定地 violin
n.
小提琴 innocent
adj.
无罪的 informer
n.
提供情报者 offshore
adj.
海外的；境外的 lounge
n.
休息室 allergic
adj.
过敏的 employment
n.
就业人数 motivate
vt.
激发，激励 motivated
adj.
有积极性的 self confidence
n.
自信 vase
n.
花瓶 loaf
n.
(面包等)条，块 treat
vt.
待遇，款待 entertain
vt.
给……娱乐 good
adj.&
n.
好的；好的方面；好处 man
in
the
street
普通人，常人 be
blessed
with
赋有(能力等)的；享有(幸福等)的 in
bulk
大量的 be
flooded
with
被……所淹没，充满 cope
with
对付，处理 on
one's
last
legs
奄奄一息，行将就木 in
recognition
of
承认，认可 pass
away
去世 body
count
死亡人数统计 put
into
prison
把……投进监狱 practice
makes
perfect
熟能生巧 for
the
taking
供自由拿取
重点句型
1.and连接连个并列句2．despite的用法
重点语法
委婉语
写作
写一个关于怎样成功的机会
阅读下面关于门萨俱乐部的短文，试着完成短文后的问题。
What
is
Mensa
Mensa，the
high
IQ
society，provides
a
forum
for
intellectual
exchange
among
its
members.There
are
members
in
more
than
100
countries
around
the
world.
Activities
include
the
exchange
of
ideas
through
lectures，discussions，journals，special interest
groups，and
local，regional，national
and
international
gatherings；the
investigations
of
members'opinions
and
attitudes；and
assistance
to
researchers，inside
and
outside
Mensa，in
projects
dealing
with
intelligence
or
Mensa.
How
to
join
Mensa
Membership
of
Mensa
is
open
to
persons
who
have
attained
a
score
within
the
upper
two
percent
of
the
general
population
on
an
approved
intelligence
test
that
has
been
properly
administered
and
supervised.
We
offer
2
ways
to
practise：
1．Our
online
Mensa
Workout
is
an
intelligence
quiz
in
which
you
have
half
an
hour
to
answer
30
questions.The
Workout
can't
be
used
for
qualification
to
join
Mensa，but
you
can
see
how
well
you
do!
2．In
some
countries，a
pre test
is
available
which
you
can
take
in
the
privacy
of
your
home.To
find
out
whether
such
a
test
is
available
in
your
country，please
see
National
Groups.
Questions：
1．What
kind
of
activities
does
Mensa
have
2．If
you
want
to
find
out
whether
a
pre test
is
available
in
your
country，what
can
you
do
Keys：
1．Activities
include
the
exchange
of
ideas
through
lectures，discussions，journals，special interest
groups，and
local，regional，national
and
international
gatherings；the
investigations
of
members'
opinions
and
attitudes；and
assistance
to
researchers，inside
and
outside
Mensa，in
projects
dealing
with
intelligence
or
Mensa.
2．We
can
see
National
Groups.
诱思探究：
Question：
Do
you
know
some
other
societies
like
Mensa？Please
give
us
some
examples.
Key：The
answers
are
various.
Sir
Clive
Sinclair
细节理解
1．What
do
we
know
about
Sinclair
before
he
established
his
company
A．He
didn't
work
hard.
B．His
teachers
didn't
like
him.
C．He
was
driven
out
of
schools.
D．He
was
good
at
learning.
2．In
which
order
did
Sinclair
do
the
following
things
a．Invented
pocket sized
radios.
b．Joined
Mensa.
c．Launched
the
Sinclair
C5.
d．Became
an
assistant
editor.
A．a
b
c
d
B．b
c
d
a
C．d
b
a
c
D．d
c
a
b
主旨大意
3．The
main
idea
of
Paragraph
3
is
that
______.
A．Clive
was
very
talented
at
making
things.
B．He
launched
pocket sized
radios.
C．He
introduced
the
ZX80
computer.
D．His
company
expanded
fast.
4．Which
is
the
main
topic
of
the
article
A．Sir
Clive
Sinclair's
life
and
inventions.
B．Sir
Clive
Sinclair's
life.
C．Sir
Clive
Sinclair's
inventions.
D．Sir
Clive
Sinclair's
reputation.
推理判断
5．What
were
the
qualities
that
helped
Sinclair
succeed
①impersonal
skills ②energy ③determination ④intelligence ⑤organization
A．①③ B．②③ C．③④ D．④⑤
答案：1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.C
根据课本Reading
内容完成下列表格，每空不超过3个词。
Unit
3 Sir
Clive
Sinclair
—the
man
who
brought
technology
to
the
man
in
the
street
Theme
Sir
Clive
Sinclair
was
a
famous
businessman
and
(1)______
in
Britain.
Important
events
As
a
child，he
invented
(2)______
but
sadly
found
that
it
had
already
been
invented.
At
the
age
of
17，he
got
a
job
as
(3)______
for
a
magazine
called
Practical
Wireless.
In
1961，he
registered
his
own
company.However，it
(4)______
because
his
financial
partner
withdrew.In
1962，he
restarted
his
company
to
realize
his
dream
of
(5)______
pocket sized
radios.He
launched
the
world's
first
pocket
calculator.
Important
events
Sir
Clive
Sinclair
launched
the
first(6)______
in
1976.
Sir
Clive
Sinclair
launched
the
first
pocket
TV
in
1977.
In
1980，the
ZX80
computer
was
shown
at
Wembley
Stadium.Its
price
was
so
low
that
it
became(7)______．Sinclair
introduced
the
ZX
Spectrum
computer
in
1982.He
became(8)______
of
British
Mensa
since
1980.
During
the
1980s，he
studied
Economics
at
Cambridge
University
and
then(9)______
Electronic
Engineering
at
different
universities.
In
1983，the
Queen
of
England
honored
him
with
a
knighthood
in
recognition
of
his(10)______.
答案：1.inventor 2.the
calculator 3.an
assistant
editor 4.folded 5.producing 6.digital
watch 7.a
great
success/hit 8.chairman 9.taught 10.efforts
and
achievements
PartⅠ Welcome
to
the
unit
and
Reading
1．I
have
been
mayor
for
three
years，and
I
have
made
many
improvements
for
the
people
of
the
city.
我当市长3年了，我很大程度地改善了这个城市人民的生活。
这是一个由and连接的并列句。两个句式中间由逗号隔开且其中一个句式为正常、完整的句子时，另一个句式要么是由连接词and，but，however，or等引导的并列句，要么是由when，where，if
，unless，the
time，before等引导的状语从句或which，as，when或where引导的定语从句，要么是独立主格结构。
I
used
to
be
a
teacher，but
now
I'm
a
writer.
(but表明前后两个分句并列)
我过去是一个老师，但现在我是一位作家。
If
you
work
hard，you
will
succeed.
(if为从句标志词)
如果你努力，你就会成功。
Tom
likes
his
new
car，which
he
bought
last
week.
(which为从句标志词)
汤姆喜欢他的新车，这辆车是他上星期买的。
There
is
a
big
house，its
owner
seated
in
the
garden.
(无从句标志词，后面为独立主格结构)
那里有一个大房子，房子的主人坐在花园里。
1.单项选择
(1)She
brought
with
her
three
friends，none
of
______
I
had
ever
met
before.
A．them
B．who
C．whom
D．these
答案：C
提示：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友，其中没有一个人我曾见过。“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”
在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
(2)I'll
give
you
my
friend's
home
address，________
I
can
be
reached
most
evenings.
A．which
B．when
C．whom
D．where
答案：D
提示：由于先行词home
address表示地点，定语从句中的关系词应为where。
(3)______，a
form
must
be
filled
in.
A．To
ask
for
this
job B．In
order
to
get
this
job
C．Making
request
for
this
job D．If
you
want
to
get
this
job
答案：D
提示：根据左栏所讲规则，选择if引导的从句。
(4)______，we
felt
very
satisfied.Which
of
the
following
is
wrong
A．All
the
things
considered B．Considering
all
the
things
C．All
the
things
were
considered D．Because
we
considered
all
the
things
答案：C
提示：若要将C选项改为正确答案，则应当加上从句标志词或改为独立主格结构。
(5)All
flights
______
because
of
the
snowstorm，many
passengers
could
do
nothing
but
wait.
A．had
been
cancelled
B．were
cancelled
C．have
been
cancelled
D．having
been
cancelled
答案：D
提示：由于在句子中没有找到从句的标志词，所以前面选择独立主格结构。
2.the
man
who
brought
technology
to
the
man
in
the
street
把科学技术带给大众的人
the
man
in
the
street
普通人，也可为the
man
on
the
street。
He
is
just
a
man
on
the
street.
他仅仅就是一个普通人。
2.单项选择
—Do
you
know
Li
Yong
is
coming
to
our
school？I
really
want
to
see
him
face to face!
—There's
no
need
to
be
so
excited.You'd
better
bear
it
in
mind
that
he
is
just
______.
A．common
person
B．ordinary
person C．a
man
in
the
street
D．a
man
on
street
答案：C
3.Sinclair
was
blessed
with
brains
and
spent
much
of
his
time
educating
himself.
辛克莱很具天赋，他花了大量的时间自学。
be
blessed
with
赋有(能力等)的；享有(幸福等)的。
Though
in
his
eighties，he
is
blessed
with
good
health.
尽管他八十多岁了，身体却很好。
3.单项选择
—As
far
as
I'm
concerned，little
John
promises
to
be
a
musician.
—So
he
does.He
is
______
a
gift
for
music.
A．given B．allowed C．blessed
with
D．blessed
on
答案：C
4.Sinclair's
big
picture
was
to
produce
in
bulk
and
to
sell
cheaply
so
that
everyone
could
afford
electronic
goods.
辛克莱的设想是批量生产并廉价销售，使得人人都能够买得起电子产品。
1)in
bulk
批量的
She
prefers
buying
things
like
tissues
in
bulk.
她喜欢批量购买东西，比如面巾纸。
2)so
that
引导目的状语从句
Mother
gave
me
10
yuan
so
that
I
could
buy
my
lunch.
妈妈给我10块钱以便我用来买午饭。
4.单项选择
(1)—Any
discount
—If
you
buy
them
______，I
will
give
you
a
20%
discount.
A．in
detail
B．in
short C．in
bulk
D．in
reality
答案：C
(2)My
parents
live
in
a
small
village.They
always
keep
candles
in
the
house
______
there
is
a
power
out.
A．if
B．unless
C．in
case
D．so
that
答案：C
提示：句意：我父母住在一个小村庄里。他们总是在家里存着蜡烛以防停电。in
case“万一，以防”。
5.As
soon
as
he
advertised，the
company
was
flooded
with
demands
for
the
little，cubic shaped
radios.
他一做广告后，公司就接到了大量订购这种小型立方体收音机的订单。
be
flooded
with
充斥、淹没
The
office
was
flooded
with
books.办公室里到处都是书。,5.单项选择
After
winning
the
medal，my
mail
box
was
______
letters
of
congratulations.
A．flooded
of
B．flooded
with C．filled
of
D．filled
by
答案：B
6.By
the
end
of
eight
months，Sinclair
had
sold
more
than
20,000
ZX80
computers，making
it
a
real
hit.
8个月后，辛克莱已经售出了超过2万台ZX80电脑，轰动一时。
1)by截止到某时 后面跟现在时间时，与现在完成时态连用；后跟将来时间时，与将来完成时态连用；加上过去时间，与过去完成时态连用。
By
now，he
has
written
5
books.
到目前为止，他已经写了5本书了。
By
next
Friday
I
will
have
finished
the
job.
到下周五我将完成这项工作。
By
the
time
he
reached
the
dentist's，the
pain
in
his
tooth
had
stopped.
到他到达牙医诊所时，他的牙齿已不疼了。
2)making
it
a
real
hit
是现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。
His
parents
passed
away
early，leaving
him
an
orphan.
他的父母早早去世了，留下他成了孤儿。
3)hit在这里意思是“轰动一时的人或物”。
That
song
made
him
a
hit
that
year.
那首歌使他成为那一年轰动一时的人物。
6.单项选择
(1)By
the
time
he
realizes
he
______
into
a
trap，it'll
be
too
late
for
him
to
do
anything
about
it.
A．walks
B．walked C．has
walked
D．had
walked
答案：C
提示：由句中realizes及it'll
be可知应用现在时态，故排除B、D两项，由句意可知横线处强调已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时。
(2)The
construction
of
the
two
new
railway
lines
______
by
now.
A．has
completed
B．have
completed C．have
been
completed
D．has
been
completed
答案：D
提示：
从by
now这个时间状语来看，应用现在完成时；从文意来看，应用被动语态；从主谓一致来看，主语是the
construction，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
(3)(2010江苏高考)The
retired
man
donated
most
of
his
savings
to
the
school
damaged
by
the
earthquake
in
Yushu，______
the
students
to
return
to
their
classrooms.
A．enabling
B．having
enabled C．to
enable
D．to
have
enabled
答案：A
提示：现在分词enabling表示结果。
(4)This
is
an
illness
that
can
result
in
total
blindness
if
______.
A．leaving
untreated
B．left
untreated C．leaving
to
be
untreated
D．left
untreating
答案：B
提示：相当于在if后省略了it
is；句意：这是一种如果不处理就会导致完全失明的疾病。
7.The
company
expanded
rapidly，and
he
even
had
to
open
a
new
center
in
the
USA
to
cope
with
the
increased
demand.
公司迅速扩张，他甚至不得不在美国设立新的办事处以应对增长的需求。
1)cope
with
处置，对付
There
was
too
much
work
for
our
computer
to
cope
with.
我们的计算机要干的事情太多，简直应接不暇。
2)demand
n．需求
There
is
a
growing
demand
in
China
for
environmentally friendly
cars.
中国对环保汽车的需求量越来越大。
7.单项选择
(1)With
the
development
of
society，people
need
more
skills
and
experience
to
______
the
stress
of
lives
nowadays.
A．keep
up
with B．come
up
withC．put
up
with
D．cope
with
答案：D
提示：keep
up
with“跟上”；come
up
with“提出”；put
up
with“忍受”；cope
with“处理，处置”。
(2)______
by
a
greater
demand
for
vegetables，farmers
have
built
more
green
houses.
A．Driven
B．Being
driven C．To
drive
D．Having
driven
答案：A
提示：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：受对于蔬菜更大量需求的驱使，农民们建了更多的暖棚。横线处为句子的状语，其逻辑主语为farmers，与drive之间存在被动关系，故用被动形式。
8.Although
marketed
as
a
computer
that
could
be
used
to
help
computer
programming，the
main
advantage
of
this
computer
was
that
it
was
good
for
playing
computer
games
on.
虽然这种电脑上市的初衷是方便电脑编程，但它的主要优点却是适合玩电脑游戏。
Although
marketed
as...为状语省略结构，省略了主语the
computer和was。分词短语作状语时，有时前面可以加一个连词，表示强调或者出于表达需要。非谓语动词前加连词作状语有三种情况：
(1)后面既可以跟现在分词又可以跟过去分词的连词有：
when，while，until，once，if，unless，though，although，even
though，even
if，no
matter
how(when等)，however，whenever。
No
matter
how
frequently
performed，the
works
of
Beethoven
still
attract
people
all
over
the
world.
无论贝多芬的作品有多么频繁地被演出，仍然吸引着世界各地的人民。
(2)before，after，since跟过去分词时，只能跟being
done。
如：After
being
cancelled，the
plan
wasn't
carried
out
until
1999.
这项计划被取消后，直到1999年才开始执行。
(3)as
if接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。
8.单项选择
(1)As
is
often
the
case，new
ideas
sometimes
have
to
wait
for
many
years
before
______.
A．being
fully
accepted
B
.fully
accepting C．fully
accepting
D．accepted
fully
答案：A
提示：before后接过去分词只能跟being
done.
(2)Once
______
a
difficult
and
even
dangerous
place
______，Vietnam
is
now
a
friendly
destination
that
welcomes
visitors
from
all
over
the
world.
A．considered；visiting
B．considered；to
visit
C．considering；visiting
D．considering；to
visit
答案：B
提示：
Vietnam与consider之间是被动关系；动词不定式作后置定语用主动表被动。
(3)______
at
my
classmates'
faces，I
read
the
same
excitement
in
their
eyes.
A．Looking
B．Look
C．To
look
D．Looked
答案：A
提示：look与句子主语I为主动关系，因此用looking。
(4)______
as
it
was
at
such
a
time，his
work
attracted
much
attention.
A．Being
published
B．Publishing C．Published
D．To
be
published
答案：C
提示：该句是as引起的倒装句，句意：尽管在这样一个时间被出版，他的作品仍然吸引了很多的注意力。
9.When
Sinclair
joined
in
1959，membership
was
falling，and
the
society
was
on
its
last
legs.
当辛克莱于1959年入会的时候，会员数量正在减少，协会正面临瓦解。
on
its
last
legs
奄奄一息
The
company
was
on
its
last
legs
after
the
manager
retired.
公司在经理退休后到了快解体的地步。,9.单项选择
(1)I
have
large
quantities
of
free
time
because
I
am
______
now.
A．on
my
last
legs
B．physically
challenged
C．between
jobs
D．the
man
in
the
street
答案：C
提示：on
one's
last
legs“垂死挣扎”；physically
challenged“身体有缺陷的”；between
jobs“失业的”；the
man
in
the
street“普通人”。
(2)The
dog
was
injured
badly
and
______.
A．on
the
last
leg
B．on
the
last
legs C．on
it's
last
leg
D．on
its
last
legs
答案：D
10.He
was
honoured
in
1983
with
a
knighthood
from
the
Queen
of
England
in
recognition
of
his
efforts
and
achievements.
作为对他努力和成就的认可，1983年他被英国女王授予爵士头衔。
recognition
n.
承认，识别
He
was
rewarded
with
a
pay
increase
in
recognition
of
his
contribution
to
the
company.
他被奖励加薪，作为他为公司所作贡献的肯定。
recognize
vt.
认出，识别出
in
recognition
of
作为对……的认可
in
honour
of
纪念；为了向某人表示敬意
in
support
of
支持
in
favor
of
支持
in
charge
of
负责；掌管
in
possession
of
拥有
10.单项选择
(1)My
brother
was
against
my
suggestion
while
my
sister
was
______
it.
A．in
honor
of
B．in
search
of C．in
favor
of
D．in
the
charge
of
答案：C
提示：in
honor
of
“纪念，为了向某人表示敬意”；in
search
of“搜索，搜寻”；in
favor
of“支持”；in
the
charge
of“归某人掌管”。在这题中要选择的是be
against的反义词。
(2)(2010安徽高考)I
haven't
seen
Sara
since
she
was
a
little
girl，and
she
has
changed
beyond
______.
A．hearing
B．strength C．recognition
D．measure
答案：C
提示：
hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气，力量”；
recognition意为“认出，识别，认识”；
measure意为“测量，措施”。句意：……她变得认不出来了。
(3)Christmas
is
a
holiday
usually
celebrated
on
December
25th
______
the
birth
of
Jesus
Christ.
A．in
charge
of
B．in
terms
of C．in
favor
of
D．in
honor
of
答案：D
提示：in
charge
of“负责，掌管”；in
terms
of“就……而言，用……的措辞”；in
favor
of“支持，赞同”；in
honor
of“为了纪念，为了向某人表示尊敬”。
11.Despite
this
setback，Sinclair
became
the
chairman
of
Mensa，the
High
IQ
Society，in
1980.
尽管有这些挫折，辛克莱还是在1980年成为门萨国际俱乐部，高智商协会的主席。
despite
prep.不管，尽管，任凭＝in
spite
of
Despite
his
shortcomings，he
is
loved
by
all
of
us.
尽管他有缺点，我们所有人还是喜欢他。
despite
prep.后面接代词、名词或动名词，不能接句子。
11.单项选择
(1)______the
cost，there
is
the
question
of
your
health
to
be
considered.
A．Apart
from
B．Except C．In
spite
of
D．Despite
答案：A
提示：
apart
from“除了……之外还有”；except“除了……没有”；in
spite
of“尽管”；despite“尽管”。
(2)______
scientists
know
where
a
storm
will
happen，winds
will
suddenly
change，carrying
the
storm
to
a
new
direction.
A．Even
if
B．Since
C．Despite
D．Unless
答案：A
提示：despite后不接句子，排除掉C。句意：即使科学家知道将在哪里发生风暴，风也会突然改变，把风暴带到一个新的方向。Unit
3 The
secret
of
success
Part
Ⅲ Grammar
观察下列句子，找出其中所使用的委婉语，并将整个句子译为汉语。
1．His
parents
passed
away
early，so
he
was
an
orphan.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Little
John
respected
his
father
even
though
he
was
a
sanitary
worker.
________________________________________________________________________
3．This
big
house
is
for
senior
citizens.
________________________________________________________________________
4．The
boy
is
a
bit
slow
for
his
age.
________________________________________________________________________
5．He
is
a
bicycle
doctor.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：1.委婉语为：
pass
away
表示“去世”。
句意为：他的父母很早就去世了，因此他是个孤儿。
2．委婉语为：sanitary
worker
表示“清洁工”。
句意为：小约翰很尊敬他的父亲，即使他是个清洁工。
3．委婉语为：
senior
citizens
表示“老人，上了年纪的人”。
句意为：这所大房子是供老人住的。
4．委婉语为：a
bit
slow
for
his
age
表示“愚蠢”。
句意为：那个孩子有点蠢。
5．委婉语为：bicycle
doctor
表示“自行车修理工”。
句意为：他是一个自行车修理工。
在人们的交往过程中，有些词语使人尴尬，惹人不快，招人厌恶或令人恐惧，如果直接表达出来，给人的印象是粗俗、刺耳、无礼。如果间接地表达出来则含蓄、中听、有礼。这种含蓄表达法叫做委婉语。
委婉语通常用以下几种情况下：
1．在表达一些禁忌或非常敏感的话题时
“死”这个词在东西方文化中历来被视为不吉利的事，因此世界各地关于死亡的委婉语很多。英语中对死亡有如下表达方式：pass
away，go
to
the
west，be
in
Abraham's
bosom，climb
the
golden
staircase，go
to
a
better
place，expire，go
to
visit
one's
ancestors等。在竞争激烈的西方社会，old是一个让人十分避讳的一个词。因为老意味着衰朽残年、来日不多，意味着必须退出主流社会。如果称别人为old
man或old
woman，是对别人的一种冒犯或者轻视，是很不礼貌的一种表现。因此，英语中产生了很多有关old的委婉语。比如，人们把老年人称作senior
citizen(资深公民)，elderly(长者)，advanced
in
age(上了年纪)，the longer lived(生活经历较长的人)，seasoned man(历练的人)等等。另外，把老人院称作young
town(年轻城)或者nursing
home(疗养院)，home
for
adults(成人之家)等。
2．礼貌地陈述一些社会地位不高的人或物时
在生活中很多职业出于礼貌被善意的美化，如家庭主妇被美称为domestic
engineer(内务工程师)，农民被美称为agricultural
science
specialist(农业科学家)，清洁工被称为sanitary
engineer(卫生工程师)，服务员成了dining room
attendants(餐厅管理员)；在政治领域里，为缓和与不发达(underdeveloped
country)或贫穷国家(poor
and
backward
country)的关系，发达国家的领导人称其为developing
country或emerging
country(新兴国家)以避免双方关系陷入僵局。
3．用于公共场合不适于直接表达出来某种情景
英汉语中有许多关于厕所和去厕所大小便的委婉语。英语中有：power
room(化妆室)，rest
room(休息室)，men/men's(男士/男士房间)，women/
women's(女士/女士房间)，convenience(方便去处)，to
wash
one's
hand(去洗手)，to
powder
one's
nose(往鼻子上擦点粉)，to
spend
a
penny(去花一个便士)，to
answer
the
nature's
call(响应自然的召唤)。在同人交谈时可说May
I
be
excused？(我可以离开一会儿吗？)。学生上课想要去厕所，可以说Sorry，I
have
to
do
my
business。
1．写出下列委婉语的含义。
(1)She
is
a
plain
woman.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)The
problem
boy
is
in
the
correctional
facility.
________________________________________________________________________
(3)Many
people
are
between
jobs
because
of
the
financial
crisis.
________________________________________________________________________
(4)He
was
laid
off
because
of
the
big
mistake
he
made
yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
(5)He
is
a
little
confused
now.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)长相平平的 (2)劳教所，监狱 (3)失业 (4)解雇 (5)精神错乱的
2．单项选择
(1)The
senior
citizen
has
no
children，so
he
has
to
go
to
the
______
when
he
can't
take
care
of
himself.
A．nursing
home B．hospital C．prison
D．heaven
答案：A
(2)—What
a
pity
that
Tom
didn't
passed
the
exam!
—That's
not
surprising!
He
is
always
______.
A．a
bad
student
B．a
worse
student C．a
slow
learner
D．a
fast
learner
答案：C
(3)—We
are
talking
so
loudly
and
he
should
sleep
so
sound!
—Oh，he
is
______.
A．hard
of
hearing
B．blind C．lame
D．hard
of
seeing
答案：A
(4)The
film
was
famous
for
having
the
highest
______
of
any
war
film.
A．counting
body
B．dead
bodies C．body
count
D．killed
men
答案：C
(5)After
retirement，he
picked
up
gardening
in
his
______.
A．old
ages
B．old
years C．golden
years
D．young
years
答案：CUnit
3 The
secret
of
success
Part
Ⅱ Word
power，Grammar
and
usage，Task
and
Project
1．If
you
do
not
have
an
aim，then
you
will
not
be
motivated
to
work
hard
and
put
in
one
hundred
percent
effort.
如果你没有一个目标，你就不会被激发去努力工作，也不会付出100%的努力。
motivate
vt.
激发，激励
You
have
first
got
to
motivate
the
children
and
then
to
teach
them.
你首先得激发孩子的学习兴趣，然后再去教他们。
motivation
n.
动机
motivated
adj.
有积极性的，充满热情的
1.翻译下列句子
(1)没有人确知他那样做的动机
No
one
really
knows
______
______
him
______
do
so.
No
one
really
knows
______
______
to
do
so.
(2)随着高考的到来，我们班每位同学都是积极进取的。
With
the
college
entrance
examination
approaching，everyone
in
our
class
______
______.
(3)她所做的一切都是为了钱。
Everything
she
does
______
______
only
by
a
desire
for
money.
答案：(1)what
motivated；to；his
motivation (2)is
motivated (3)is
motivated
2.Practising
is
equally
important
if
you
want
to
succeed
because
practice
makes
perfect.
如果你想成功，训练同等重要，因为熟能生巧。
1)equally
adv.
相等地，同等地，也，同样
All
the
causes
seem
equally
deserving.
看来所有的这些事业都同样值得投身进去。
2)practice
makes
perfect
熟能生巧
As
a
saying
goes:
practice
makes
perfect，his
oral
English
became
excellent
after
years
of
hard
work.
正如俗话所说的那样：“熟能生巧”，经过几年的艰苦努力，他的英语口语非常好。
2.单项选择
(1)
The
island
is
______
attractive
in
spring
and
autumn
because
of
the
pleasant
weather
in
both
seasons.
A．partly
B．merely
C．nearly
D．equally
答案：D
提示：考查副词词义。
partly
“部分地”；merely“只不过”；nearly“几乎”；eqaully“同样地，相等地”。
(2)—How
can
I
improve
my
reading
ability
—Oh，only
by
working
hard.You
know
______.
A．practice
makes
perfect B．the
early
bird
catches
the
worm
C．many
hands
make
light
work D．one
success
leads
to
another
答案：A
提示：A表示“熟能生巧”；B表示“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”；C表示“众人拾柴火焰高，人多力量大”；
D表示“好运连连”。
3.Success
is
yours
for
the
taking!
Cheers!
成功对你来说唾手可得，再见！
1)for
the
taking
供自由拿取的
The
salt
over
there
is
for
the
taking.那儿的盐是供自由拿取的。
2)cheer
vt.&vi&
n.
为……而欢呼；鼓励；干杯；再见；
喝彩声；快活
When
they
saw
us，they
waved
and
cheered.
看到我们时，他们又挥手又欢呼。
All
the
guests
enjoyed
good
cheer.
所有来宾尽情享受美酒佳肴。
当cheer用于发言结束时表示“谢谢，再见”的含义，用于举杯喝酒时表示“干杯”。3.单项选择
(1)—Where
can
I
find
sugar
—It's
over
there
______.
A．for
your
taking B．for
the
take C．to
the
taking
D．for
the
taking
答案：D
(2)—John
and
I
will
celebrate
our
fortieth
wedding
anniversary
next
month.
—Oh，______
!
A．cheer
up
B．well
done C．go
ahead
D．congratulations
答案：D
提示：考查交际用语中单词(短语)的区别，根据题意可知这儿应用一个表示祝贺的词(短语)。故选D项。
4.What
makes
my
father
happy
is
being
able
to
put
a
loaf
of
bread
on
the
table，bedding
and
quilts
on
our
beds
and
a
roof
over
our
heads.
让我父亲高兴的是能够给家里提供食物，衣物，被褥和住所。
what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
What
I
can't
understand
is
that
he
treated
his
mother
that
way.(what引导主语从句，what在从句中作宾语)
我不能理解的是他那样对待他妈妈。
4.(1)句式分析
We
all
wondered
what
he
was
saving
the
money
for，but
he
refused
to
tell
us.
这个句子中what引导______从句，what在从句中作______。
答案：宾语；宾语
(2)单项选择
As
a
new
graduate，he
doesn't
know______it
takes
to
start
a
business
here.
A．how B．what C．when D．which
答案：B
提示：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。
5.Whenever
I
trip
on
the
mat
or
carpet
or
hurt
myself
playing
sports，he's
there
to
pick
me
up.
当我被垫子或毛毯绊倒或运动时伤了自己，他总在那里扶我起来。
1)whenever引导的是让步状语从句
Whenever
we
met
with
difficulties，they
came
to
help
us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
2)pick
up
捡起；安排接取；爬起来；振作起来；使加快；恢复；无意间学会，得到；(在广播，电视中)接收到
I
picked
up
your
book
by
mistake.
我拿错了你的书。
Please
wait
at
the
school
gate.John
will
pick
you
up
there.
请在校门口等候，约翰会到那里接你。
It's
hard
to
pick
yourself
up
after
such
a
terrible
shock.
经历这样可怕的打击后，就很难振作起来了。
The
car
began
to
pick
up
the
moment
the
vehicle
got
onto
the
motorway.
一开上高速公路，车子的速度就加快了。
The
room
must
be
picked
up
before
the
guests
arrive.
这个房间在客人到达之前必须收拾出来。
He
has
picked
up
slowly
since
he
came
out
of
hospital.
他自出院以来，身体慢慢康复。
She
picks
up
a
lot
of
information.
她偶然得到许多信息。
5.单项选择
(1)The
engineers
are
so
busy
that
they
have
zero
time
for
outdoor
sports
activities，______
they
have
the
interest.
A．wherever
B．whenever C．even
if
D．as
if
答案：C
提示：句意：工程师们非常繁忙，即使(even
if)有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。
(2)______hungry
I
am，I
never
seem
to
be
able
to
finish
off
this
loaf
of
bread.
A．Whatever
B．Whenever C．Wherever
D．However
答案：D
提示：句意：无论我是多么饥饿，我似乎永远都不能吃完这个面包。A项“无论什么”；B项“无论在什么时候”；C项“无论在哪里”；D项“无论多么”。
(3)Without
proper
lessons，you
could
______
a
lot
of
bad
habits
when
playing
the
piano.
A．turn
up
B．catch
up C．pick
up
D．draw
up
答案：C
提示：pick
up
无意间“养成”。
(4)—How
are
you
getting
along
with
your
study
these
days
—I'm
glad
to
see
it
is______.
A．turning
up
B．turning
out C．picking
up
D．picking
out
答案：C
提示：pick
up
表示“好转”。
(5)If
the
martial
class
I
signed
earlier
changes
to
Sundays，I
will
have
to
______
so
that
I
can
______
my
son
from
his
violin
lessons.
A．drop
in；pick
out
B．drop
off；pick
up
C．drop
out；pick
up
D．drop
by；pick
out
答案：C
提示：drop
out
表示“退出”；pick
up
表示“去接……”。
