江苏省江阴初级中学2017九年级二轮复习专项训练----介词和冠词 (4)

九年级英语二轮复习导学案
(4)
专项训练----介词和冠词
【语法讲解】
1.介词的主要用法。
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词、动名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词。
如：out
of,
because
of,
away
from,
on
top
of,
ever
since,
next
to,
in
front
of等。
2.介词的要点说明。
(1)
表示处所方位的介词at,
in,
between,
among,
to,
on,
above,
over,
across,
through.
(2)
表示时间的介词。at,
on,
in,
till/until,
since,
for.
(3)
其他常用介词。
like,
into,
as,
with,
without,
except,
by,
about,
towards,
from,
along,
behind,
beside.
3.介词短语要点说明。
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
(1)
this
/
that
/
these
/
those
/
last
/
next
/
a
/
every
/
each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。
如：Every
year
travellers
from
abroad
come
to
visit
Pingyao.
He
had
a
bad
cold
that
week.
记住一些固定词组。
Conclusion:
表示时间的介词：(1)表示某一时间点如：钟点、节日、年龄、中午/夜晚/子夜、就餐时间或其它的习惯用法中要用at。
(2)表示某一天或者特定的时间如：星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的节日、有修饰上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词
on
表示处所方位的介词：(1)at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围内
(2)over,
above和on均表示“在……上面”,over反义词是under;
above反义词是below;
on指两个物体表面有接触。
(3)in
front
of
表示“在……前面”,
其反义词是behind;
in
the
middle
of
表示“在……的中间”
between表示在两者之间,
among表示“在……中”数目为三者或三者以上,
around表示围绕在四周
beside表示“在旁边”,
inside表示“在……内”,
outside表示“在……外”
。
near/by/next
to表示“在……旁边”
。
opposite表示“在……对面”
【中考链接】
(　　　　
March
20
　　　　26,the
US
first
lady
Michelle
Obama
was
on
a
trip
to
China
with
her
daughters
and
mother.
A.
Between;and
B.
From;to
C.
By;to
D.
On;to
The
robber
walked
　　　　the
street,jumped
　　　　a
tall
wall
and
ran
away.
A.
through;across
B.
across;over
C.
over;across
D.
across;through
You
can
improve
your
English
　　　　practising
more.
A.
by
B.
with
C.
of
D.
in
You
are
just
for
the
game
　　　　.
Please
come
and
join
us.
A.
in
time
B.
on
time
C.
at
times
【课堂巩固】
一、词汇运用。
1.
There
is
no
plant
life
_____________
lightning.
(没有)
2.
As
a
citizen,
we
mustn’t
do
anything
____________
the
law.
(违反)
3.
Donations
are
welcome
___________
the
charity
show
that
will
be
held
in
our
school.
(在……期间)
4.
You
need
to
put
on
more
clothes
because
the
temperature
will
drop
to
five
degrees
_
zero.
(在…以下)
5.
Don't
eat
snacks
____________
meals.
It's
a
bad
habit.
(在……之间)
6.
I
only
saw
her
once
　　　　(在……期间)
my
stay
in
New
York.
7.
The
kind
man
helped
the
blind
woman
go
　　(穿过)
the
street
at
the
crossing.

8.In
a
basketball
match,players
move
_(朝向)
one
end
of
the
court
while
throwing
the
ball
to
each
other.
9.
After
the
whole
day’s
voluntary
work,I
felt
fine
　　　　(除……之外)
for
being
a
little
tired.

10.
He
is
the
tallest
one
　　　　(在……当中)
the
boys.

二、单项选择。
(
)
1.
Yesterday
I
downloaded
a
new
program
______
the
Internet.
Now
I
can
watch
TV
and
movies
______
my
computer.A.
from;
on
B.
with;
in
C,
in;
with
D.
on;
from
(
)
2.
On
the
way
_______
the
mountain
village,
we
found
the
local
houses
different
from
ours.
A.
to
B.
by
C.
at
D.
on
(
)
3.
The
teacher
hope
all
of
us
can
hand
our
homework
time
every
day.
A.
up;
in
B.
out;
on
C.
on;
in
D.
in;
on
(
)
4.
Many
cities
in
China,
___
Beijing,
have
been
deeply
affected
by
dirty
air.
A.
including
B.
behind
C.
without
D.
beyond
(
)
5.
---What
do
you
often
do
_______
classes
to
relax
yourself
---Listen
to
music.
A.
over
B.
among
C.
between
D.
in
(
)
6.
Damin
sat
on
the
side
of
the
river
cooking
a
meal,
________
a
bird
on
his
head.
A.
from
B.
into
C.
about
D.
with
(
)
7.
I
gave
up
the
piano
lessons
because
I
have
so
much
homework
to
do,
but
it’s
______
my
own
wishes.
A.
in
B.
on
C.
for
D.
against
(
)
8.
On
my
visit
to
Australia,
I
feel
Australians
are
similar
_______
us
in
many
ways.
A.
with
B.
in
C.
to
D.
At
(
)
9.
---I’d
like
a
cup
of
black
coffee.
What
about
you,
Maggie
---I
prefer
coffee_________
sugar.
A.
than
B.
for
C.
with
D.
to
(
)
10.
You
can
improve
your
English
__________
practicing
more.
A.
by
B.
with
C.
of
D.
in
(
)
11.
They
usually
go
shopping
__________
their
lunch
break.
A.
against
B.
among
C.
between
D.
during
(
)
12.
She
always
wants
to
do
the
job
which
she
has
been
trained
________.
A.
for
B.
by
C.
on
D.
of
(
)
13.
I
hope
the
train
will
arrive
on
time,
but
it’s
__________
my
control.
A.
within
B.
without
C.
under
D.
beyond
(
)
14.
---How
soon
will
his
father
come
back
from
London
---_________
a
week.
A.
Since
B.
In
C.
At
D.
On
(
)
15.
---Jack,
is
maths
difficult
to
learn
in
high
school
---Sure.
No
subject
can
be
learned
well
_________
hard
work.
A.
without
B.
through
C.
by
D.
with
冠词助记口诀１
定冠词容易记
抓住本质找规律（限定）
你知我知
再次提起
独一无二
弹练乐器
序数词和最高级
部分之整体
复数姓氏方位词
没商量，
只有记
冠词助记口诀２
零冠词有点繁
记住口诀就不难。
三餐、运动、乘车船，
节日、月份加头衔，
泛指星期和四季，抽象物质学科前，
国家、城市、大学校，
街道、广场与公园，
不用冠词要当心，用与不用莫等闲。
1.
定冠词the的用法：
1）特指双方都明白的人或物
2）上文提到过的人或事
3）指世上独一物二的事物：the
sun，
the
sky，
the
moon，
the
earth
4）单数名词连用表示一类事物如：the
dollar
美元;
the
fox
狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the
rich
富人;
the
living
生者
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，
very，
same等前面：
6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
7）江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等地理名词前：eg.
the
Pacific,
the
Yellow
River
8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：
the
People's
Republic
of
China
中华人民共和国
the
United
States　
美国
9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：　
She
plays
the
piano.　她会弹钢琴
10)
用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the
Greens格林一家人
(或格林夫妇)　　
11)
用在惯用语中：
in
the
day,
in
the
morning
(afternoon，evening),　
the
day
after
tomorrow,
the
day
before
yesterday,　the
next
morning,　in
the
sky
2.
不定冠词a在词组或成语的固定搭配：
a
little
/
a
few
/
a
lot
/
a
type
of
/
go
for
a
swim/
go
for
a
picnic/give
sb.
a
hand/
leave
a
message/
a
great
many
/in
a
hurry
/
in
a
minute
/
in
a
word
/
for
a
while
/
after
a
while
/
have
a
cold
/have
a
try
/have
a
good
time/
have
a
rest/
play
a
trick
on