专题七 动词的时态和语态
高考真题回顾
1. Daniel’s family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(2009年安徽卷)
A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy
C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】做此类题,一定要找到句子中表示时间的短语,本句“this time next week”下周的这个时间,表示将来正在干什么,应该用将来进行时。答案选D。
【翻译】下周的这个时间,丹尼斯的全家将正在黄山享受假期。
【扩展】试比较,Daniel’s family will enjoy their holiday in Huangshan next week.
【脱口而出】
I will be enjoying my holiday in Los Angeles this time next week.
下周的这个时间,我将正在洛杉矶享受假期。
I was watching TV with my parents this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在与父母一起看电视。
2. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ___ up, her voice had been full of life.(2009年北京卷)
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
【考点】动词时态的选择。
【解析】这道题很长,核心信息是整个句子的时态为过去时。此外,by the time+时间点,表示在…之前。因此,空白处应该用hung。答案选C。
【翻译】当在电话里跟奶奶聊天的时候,她的声音听起来很微弱,但是当我们挂断电话时,她的声音又充满生机起来。
【扩展】by the time后面接一时间点
I had finished almost all the homework by the time my mother called me.
在妈妈叫我时,我基本上已经完成了全部作业。
【脱口而出】
I would like to talk with your boss on the phone.我想与你老板通话(电话)。
After I hung up I realized I forgot to ask him his telephone number.
挂了电话后我才意识到忘了问他的电话号码。
3. ---Why does the Lake smell terrible
---Because large quantities of water . (2009年福建卷)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
【考点】动词时态和语态的考查。
【解析】根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,时态用现在完成时,动词与主语是被动关系,用被动语态,可以排除A和B选项。主语是large quantities of water,其中心词是quantities,是复数,谓语动词用复数,答案选D。
【翻译】湖水为什么发出臭味呢?因为大量的水已经被污染了。
【扩展】试比较:The water has been polluted.
【脱口而出】
英语中有一些系动词如look,sound,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,turn,become,fall,get,keep+形容词,表示被动的含义。例如:
The Lake smells terrible. 湖水闻起来很糟糕。(人来闻;湖水“被”闻)
The steel feels cold. 钢铁摸起来很凉。(人来摸,来感觉;钢铁“被”摸)
4. His sister left home in 1998, and since.(2009年海南卷)
A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of D. has not heard of
【考点】动词时态和语态的考查。
【解析】从前一句可知时间从1998年至今,因此用现在完成时。消息被听说,用被动。答案选B。
【翻译】他的妹妹1998年离家,至今没有任何消息。
【扩展】特别注意句子中如since,so far,until等引导的时间状语。本句实际上相当于:His sister has not been heard of since her left in 1998.(her left她的出走)
【脱口而出】
hear of听说;得到消息 I have never heard of him.我从没听说过他。
hear from(通过信件)获得某人的消息 I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.盼早日回信。(常用信件结尾,look forward to+动词ing)
hear sb out听某人说完 I know you are angry, but at least you should hear me out.我知道你很生气,但是至少你应该听我把话讲完吧。
5. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______to the well-educated.(2009年重庆卷)
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】前半句keeps telling表示教授在一直重复这以理论,后半句应该用一般现在时表示不变的理论。答案选A。
【翻译】威廉姆斯教授一直告诉他的学生,未来属于那些接受过良好教育的人。
【扩展】He keeps talking without stop for five hours.他一直不停地说了5个小时。
【脱口而出】
The future belongs to the well-educated.未来属于有知识的人。
The future belongs to the young generation.未来属于年轻人。
6. ---What do you think of the movie (2009年浙江卷)
---It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I the beginning of it.
A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss
【考点】动词时态的选择。
【解析】这个两个人在看完电影后的对话。第二个人说电影非常精彩,只是由于某些原因错过了开头。错过这个动作肯定发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,答案选A。
【翻译】你认为电影如何?非常精彩,只可惜我错过了电影的开头。
【扩展】口语中有很多常用的询问对方看法的句子,具体如下。
What do you think of the movie
How do you like the movie
What is your opinion of the movie
What is your view on the movie
【脱口而出】
The only pity is that I missed the beginning of the match.
唯一遗憾的是我错过了比赛的开局。
7. ---You speak very good French ! (2009年四川卷)
---Thanks . I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied
【考点】动词时态的选择。
【解析】表示“我曾经在川大学习法语”,是过去发生的事情,这里谓语动词用一般过去时即可。答案选A。
【翻译】你的法语非常好!谢谢。我曾经在四川大学学过四年法语。
【扩展】中国人通常在面对别人的夸奖时常会说不,而外国人通常会说“谢谢”。
比如:—You are really a nice boy.
—Thanks. I only did what I should do.
【脱口而出】
I have studied English in Sichuan University for four years.(现在完成时没有强调现在是否还在学习)
I have been studying English in Sichuan University since four years ago.(现在完成进行时强调现在还在学习)
通过口语化以上两句,可以掌握现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别。
8. Progress ______ so far very good and we sure that the work will be finished on time. (2009年全国卷II)
A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】注意表示时间的短语“so far到目前为止”,可知此处应该用现在完成时,答案选C。
【翻译】到目前为止进程很顺利,我们确定这项工作将如期完成。
【扩展】so far到某一时间,程度,距离为止
You can only trust him so far.你只能信任他到这个程度了。
【脱口而出】
We sure that the work will be finished on time.
我们确定这项工作将如期完成。
9. ---The food here is nice enough.
--- My friend ______ me a right place.(2009年湖南卷)
A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】朋友给我介绍吃饭的地方肯定发生在对话之前,用一般过去式。答案选B。
【翻译】这的食物非常棒。我朋友给我介绍了正确的地方。
【扩展】The researcher wants to introduce a new method.研究者希望引进一种新的方法。
【脱口而出】
I will give you a brief introduction.我将作简短的自我介绍。
Please allow me to introduce the guests today.请允许我介绍今天出席的嘉宾。
10. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live
【考点】时态的选择。
【解析】做时态题最关键的是需要弄清题目中表示时间的信息和整个句子的语境。通过本题的后半句可知,父母在香港出生,而且从来没有在其它地方居住过,所以父母一直住在香港。这里用一般现在时表示事实,答案选A。
【翻译】我的父母一直住在香港,他们出生在那,一直没有在其它地方居住过。
【扩展】I want to live a happy life.我想过上幸福的生活。
【脱口而出】
be born to do 天生适合 She is born to be a teacher.她天生就是做老师的。
She is born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她出生在富贵家庭。
11. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.(2009年北京卷)
A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated
【考点】定语从句的语态和时态。
【解析】整个句子的主语是“The way”,后面接定语从句,谓语动词是一般过去时。定语从句用来表示客人被接待,发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,were treated,答案选B。
【翻译】酒店对待客人的方式将影响酒店服务的评价。
【扩展】She treats me like one of the family.她把我当做家人看待。
【脱口而出】
The way you express your ideas will certainly influence people’s understanding.
你表达自己观点的方式必将影响人们的理解。
12. ---Have you read book called Waiting for Anya
---Who _______ it (2008年北京卷)
A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】本题又是一个以日常对话的形式考查语法知识点的例子。可以肯定的是书已经写完了,写书这个动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。答案选C。
【翻译】你读过《玛雅的等待》这本书吗?谁写的?
【扩展】a book called = a book titled
【脱口而出】
Who wrote that book 谁写的那本书?
13. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.(2008年重庆卷35)
A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】年轻人玩游戏太多,是现在的情况,同时对健康产生破坏,应该用现在进行时。答案选B。
【翻译】年轻人正在破坏他们的健康,因为他们太沉迷于电脑游戏。
【扩展】too much与much too的区别
You have given me too much.你给我太多了。
The old man walked much too slowly.那个老头走的太缓慢了。
通过上述两个例句可以知道,too much作“太多”解,而much too作“太,非常”解。
【脱口而出】
Your health will be damaged by playing too much computer games.
玩太多电脑游戏将破坏你的健康。
14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.(2008年全国卷II)
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】销售额的增加发生在营销计划实施以后,这里表示将来,应该用将来时。答案选A。
【翻译】如果营销计划成功,他们的销售额将增加20%。
【扩展】succeed in doing sth成功做成…I have not yet succeeded in establishing good relationship with my teacher.我还没有与老师建立良好的关系。
【脱口而出】
If the marketing plans succeed, the sales will be increased by 20 percent.
如果营销计划成功,销售额将增加20%。
15. ---How can I apply for an online course (2007年北京卷24)
---Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see
【考点】动词时态的考查。
【解析】填写表格在前,然后工作人员会根据表格的内容提供帮助,应该用将来时,答案选D。
【翻译】我如何才能申请网上课程?请填写这张申请表,之后我们将看看能为您做些什么。
【扩展】Is there anything I can do for you 有什么我能帮助您的吗?
What can I do for you
【脱口而出】
apply for 申请 How Can I apply for the scholarship 我如何才能申请奖学金?
fill out填写(表格);(身体)变圆,变大 Please fill out this application form first.请先填写这张申请单。That boy has really filled out in the last six months.那个男孩最近6个月身体确实变圆了。
基本要点梳理
1、 动词的时态
英语一共有十六种时态,最常用的有12种。高考试题对时态的考查集中在一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和过去将来时这八种时态。时态的内容较多,考生及容易混淆,建议考生在了解基本时态规则和用法的基础上,多记忆一些具有代表性的句子。通过这些句子帮助掌握语法和解题。
1 一般现在时
1.1 表示经常发生或者习惯性的动作;现时状况;真理;格言。
He gets up at seven o’clock every morning.他每天早上七点起床。(习惯)
I live with my parents.我跟父母一起居住。(现状)
It snows in winter.冬天下雪。(真理)
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。(格言)
1.2 在时间状语和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。
If I see Lucy, I will give this book to her.
如果我见到露西,我会把这本书给她。
When you go to the shop tomorrow, would be please buy me a pencil sharpener 明天你去商店的时候,能给我买一个转笔刀吗?
1.3 一些短暂性的动词,不宜用进行时,用一般现在时更自然一些
I regret my bad behavior.我懊悔我的不良行为。
She suggest that we have lunch together.她建议我们一起吃午饭。
2 一般过去时(动词的过去式)
2.1 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或者存在的状态,通常与一些表示过去的时间连用,如yesterday,last week等。
My grandfather died last year.我的祖父是去年去世的。(动作)
I didn’t know him at that time.那时我还不认识他。(状态)
2.2 表示过去经常发生的动作,习惯性的动作。
Mr. Green always went to school by bus.
格林先生过去老是乘公交车去学校。
We often played basketball together.我们经常在一起打篮球。
3 一般将来时(will/shall+动词原形)
3.1 表示将来要发生的动作或状态形式为
We will have a sports meeting tomorrow.明天我们有一场运动会。
Who will be on duty next week 下周谁值日?
You will be given enough time to finish the homework.
你将给予足够的时间完成家庭作业。
3.2 表示看法、未来习惯性的动作、请求等.
I think he will come back.我认为他会回来。
Spring will certainly come again.春天一定会再次到来。
Will you please keep quiet 你能保持安静吗?
3.3 Shall主要用于第一人称后,构成疑问句,表示寻求对方的回答和意见。
Shall I play with Tony for a while 我能和托尼玩一会吗?
When shall we meet again 我们下次什么时候见面?
Let’s go, shall we 咱们走吧,好吗?
3.4 此外,be going to 结构也用于表示打算干某事或即将发生某事。
It’s going to rain soon.快下雨了。
They are going to visit to the Great Wall.他们准备去参观长城。
4 现在进行时(is, am/are+动词ing)
4.1 表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事
It is raining now.现在正下着雨。
The telephone is ringing, would you please answer it 电话响了,你能接听一下吗?
4.2 表示经常性的动作,常和always,constantly等副词连用,表示厌烦、赞美等情绪。
I am always losing my keys.我老是丢钥匙。
He is constantly changing his mind.他总是改变主意。
4.3 表示现阶段正发生的事情,而此刻该动作不一定发生
I am writing a book about economy.我在写一本关于经济学的书。
Hello, Jim, are you still working in that company
嗨,吉姆,你现在还在那家公司工作吗?
4.4 表示将来的动作(计划要做的事情)
I am flying to Beijing tomorrow.我明天飞北京。(计划)
We are not going out tonight. We are staying at home.
我们今天晚上不出去,呆在家里。(计划)
5 过去进行时(was/were+动词ing)
5.1 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,句子中一般带有表示过去时间的状语。
I was writing an essay from 6 to 8 yesterday evening.
昨天晚上6点到8点我在写论文。
When I called him, he was having dinner.我给他打电话时,他正在吃晚饭。
5.2 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示一个正在发生的动作,而一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。试比较:
I was reading a book yesterday.(看了一些,但没有看完)
I read a book yesterday.(看完了整本书)
They were repairing the machine.(机器还没修好)
They repaired the machine.(机器修好了)
6 现在完成时(have/has done)
6.1 表示一件已经发生的事,强调对现在的结果或对现在的影响。
He has been to the library.他去过图书馆。(人已经回来)
I have washed my car.我洗过车了。(车很干净)
They have gone to town.他们进城了。(现在在城里)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past seven years.
过去的七年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
6.2 现在完成时常与since引导的短语或从句连用;与for短语连用。
Where have you been since I met you last time
上次我见你之后去过什么地方?
I haven’t seen you for ages.我多年没有见你了
6.3 现在完成时常考的have gone to和have been to的区别
have gone to表示“到某地去了,还没有回来”
have been to表示“到过某地,现在人已经回来了”
The family has gone to the zoo.全家人都去了动物园。(人在动物园)
Have you ever been to America 你去过美国吗?(人在对面)
7 过去完成时(had done)
表示过去某个时间点以前某事已发生完毕,该动作发生在过去的过去。
By the end of 2008, our company had achieved more than one million RMB profit.
截至2008年底,我们公司共实现利润100多万人民币。
She had rushed out of the door before I could stop her.
我还没来得及阻拦,她就已经夺门而出。
I didn’t know I had caused you so much trouble.
我不知道自己给你带来如此多的麻烦。
8 过去将来时(would+动词原形)
表示就过去的某一时间而言将要发生的动作或者状态
He said he would come to Beijing the following week.
他说他下星期会来北京。
I thought, she would be willing to join us.
我想,她愿意加入我们。
9 现在完成进行时(has/have been + 动词ing)
表示一个动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并强调现在还在进行。
Jim has been studying Chinese for 7 years.
吉姆已经学习中文七年了。(强调现在还在学习)
As a result of global warming, the sea ice in the Arctic has been decreasing for several decades.
由于全球变暖,几个世纪以来,北极区的浮冰一直在融化。(强调现在也在)
2、 动词的语态
1 主动语态和被动语态
英语中有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
其中主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。比如:Many people speak English.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people发出的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:English is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。
1.1 被动语态的定义
在不知道动作的执行者,或者强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。
比如:The desk is broken into pieces.(不知道是谁弄坏的)
I was supported by my classmates.(强调“我”被支持)
1.2 被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成是:be+动词的过去分词
2 及物动词与不及物动词的被动语态
2.1 及物动词可用于被动语态。主动变被动的方法是:把宾语提前,作为新句子的主语,原主语后置变成新句子的宾语。
主动结构 被动结构
Jim broke the window. The window was broken by Jim.
They killed three chickens. Three chickens was killed by them.
2.2 不及物动词与某些介词连用,可用于被动语态。
主动结构 被动结构
The doctor operated on her yesterday. She was operated on by the doctor yesterday.
My parents are looking after Lucy. Lucy are being looked after by my parents.
3 各个时态的被动语态
3.1 一般现在时的被动语态——am,are或is+过去分词
I am given a lot of time to finish the job.
我(被)给予了很多时间来完成这项工作。
They are told to be quiet.他们被告知保持安静。
She is invited to give us a lecture.她被邀请给我们做一次讲座。
3.2 一般过去时的被动语态——was或were+过去分词
Tom was brought up by his parents.汤姆被他的父母带大。
The twins were educated in Peking University.
那对双胞胎在北大接受教育。
3.3 一般将来时的被动语态——will be+过去分词
The project will be completed in three days.这个项目将在三天内完成。
The school gate will not be opened until 8 o’clock.
学校大门直到8点才会打开。
3.4 一般过去将来时的被动语态——would be+过去分词
I didn’t expect that I would be chosen as the monitor.
我没想到会被推选为班长。
Lucy were afraid that she would be punished for her poor performance.
露西害怕她会因为拙劣的表现而受到惩罚。
3.5 现在进行时的被动语态——am,are或is+being+过去分词
My watch is being repaired.我的手表正在修理中
They are being troubled by that difficult question.
他们现在为那个难题而费心。
3.6 过去进行时的被动语态——was或were+being+过去分词
He was being looked after by his aunt.他被他的姑姑照顾。
The army were being inspected by Chairman Hu.军队正受总统检阅。
3.7 现在完成时的被动语态——has或have+been+过去分词
The computer has been repaired.电脑已经修理好了。
The students have been warned not to swim in the lake.
学生们被警告不要在湖里游泳。
3.8 过去完成时的被动语态——had+been+过去分词
He told me that the bookstore had been closed down.
When she got back home, her mum had been sent to hospital.
The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived
4 主动形式表被动意义
4.1 系动词sound,smell,feel,look,taste,appear,seem,go,grow,turn,stay,become,fall,get+adj.用主动的形式表示被动含义,如:
The food smells terrible.食物闻起来很糟糕。
The steel feels cold.钢铁摸起来很凉。
4.2 表示开始,结束,运动的动词,如:start,begin,finish,open,close,stop,end,move等。
The meeting will start tomorrow.会议明天开幕。
The school gate closes at 7 p.m. every day.学校大门每天下午7点关闭。
4.3 print,look,hang,build,make等词用进行时表示被动含义。如:
This books are printing.书正在印刷中。
The pork is cooking.肉在煮。
4.4 read,write,act,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,dry,eat等词常与修饰词连用,表示主语的某种属性特征。
My pen writes smoothly.我的笔书写起来很流畅。
This car sells well.这款车卖的很好。
4.5 此外,还有一些主动的用法可以表示被动的含义,例如:
The digital camera needs repairing.这台数码相机需要修理。
The article is difficult to read.这篇文章非常难读。
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
The building is under construction.这栋大楼正在建设中。
命题趋势预测
1、 考点预测
纵观历年的高考试题,动词时态和语态都是考查的热点和重点。动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。这类命题一般从三个角度展开:
一是考题中直接给定时间状语,考生可直接根据所给时间状语判断动词的时态;
二是给定时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性,考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择;
三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而是通过情景对话或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必须仔细分析语境,才能作出正确的选择。
近三年的高考试题明显减少了前两个方面的考查,同时加大了在情景对话及口语环境下的时态和语态的考查,呈现出“语言实用性”考查的趋势。
建议考生在备考时态和语态时,注意以下方法:
1 掌握时态与语态的基本用法和原则;
2 英语一种沟通工具,是需要活学活用的。死记硬背8种时态的语法规则只会让考生更加混乱。注意时态与语态在日常生活中的运用,可以把问题变得更加简单;
3 做时态与语态试题时,可以遵循
首先,确定句子中表示时间的短语和信息;
其次,确定句子中的动作是否完成,还是正在进行;
最后,确定动词与主语的关系,被动还是主动。
2、 考点预测题:
1. --- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon
--- Sorry. .
A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired
C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired
【考点】口语环境下动词时态和语态的考查。
【解析】本题是两个人对话,其中一个人向另一个人借用电脑。表示电脑正在修理当中,首先需要用被动,其次需要表示目前还在修理当中,答案选C。B用现在完成时的被动语态,D用过去完成时的被动语态均表示电脑已经修好,不能作为借口来拒绝。
【翻译】嗨,特里,今天下午我能借用你的电脑用会吗?
对不起,电脑正在修理当中。
2. ---Do you want a lift home
---It’s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _______.
A. doesn’t go off B. won’t gone
C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go on
【考点】没有明显时间状语情况下的时态选择。
【解析】本题中没有明显的表示时间的短语,但是通过“overslept”可知最后一个句子是用一般过去时,睡过头的原因是闹钟没有响,答案选D。
【翻译】你需要我搭我的顺风车回家吗?
太感谢你了,但是我今天可能要在办公室多呆一会。早上因为闹钟没响我睡过头了。
3. ---Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time
---Yes, since she the Chinese Society.
A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined
【考点】现在完成时中时间状语从句的时态考查。
【解析】本题很明显考查的是since时间状语从句的时态,since引导一个时间点,表示“自…起”。根据整个句子可知此处用过去时,答案选D。
【翻译】你认识杰克森博士很久了吗?
是的,自从她加入中国社团起。
4. Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
【考点】有明显时间状语的动词时态选择。
【解析】此类题做起来比较容易,先找到表示时间的短语“last year”,再根据句子意思“她去年在罗马遇到的”,可以确定答案选B。
【翻译】Judy打算与她去年在罗马见到的那个水手结婚。
5. ---Has your father returned from Africa yet
---Yes, but he_____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be
【考点】情景对话和复杂句状态下的时态选择。
【解析】这道题涉及的时态较多,最简单和快捷的方法是快速定位到表示时间的短语“before his company sent him to Australia”,根据这个短语可知他的父亲在几天后将派往澳大利亚,表示将来,因此前半句也应该用将来时,答案选C。
【翻译】你的父亲已经从非洲回来了吗?
是的,但是他将只能呆上三天,然后公司就会派他去澳大利亚。
典型习题演练
1. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.(2009年北京卷23题)
A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come
2. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.(2009年福建卷31题)
A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes
3. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.(2009年海南卷)
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known
C. don’t know D. haven’t known
4. Would you please keep silent The weather report ______ and I want to listen.(2009年湖南卷)
A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
5. ---What is the price of petrol these days?
---Oh, it ______ sharply since last month.(2009年江西卷)
A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
6. My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa.(2009年辽宁卷)
A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave
7. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets ______ out.(2009年上海卷)
A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling
8. ---Why don’t we choose that road to save time
---The bridge to it __________ . (2009年四川卷)
A. has repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. will be repaired
9. Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming. (2009年浙江卷9题)
A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing
10. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ______it.(2009年重庆卷)
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
11. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels.(2008年北京卷)
A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
12. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.(2008年全国卷)
A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
13. I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book — I ______it to you this morning!(2008年浙江卷5题)
A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent
14. So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(2008年福建卷)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
15. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.(2008年山东卷)
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
16. ---Did you see a man in black pass by just now
---No, sir. I ________ a newspaper. (2007年四川卷30题)
A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading
17. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years.(2007年安徽卷26题)
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’ t spoken D. haven’ t been speaking
18. ---Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night (2007年全国卷20题)
---I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
19. ---I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
---Impossible. She TV with me in my home then.(2007年福建卷21题)
A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching
20. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year.(2007年湖南卷31题)
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
答案与解析:
1. 解析:宇宙的形成发生在过去。题目句子没有给出具体表示过去的时间,因此可以排除C项。B和D项表示过去的将来,与句意不符。这里用一般过去时表示即可。答案选A。
翻译:关于宇宙是如何形成的,科学家们有很多理论。
2. 解析:注意第一句话,“根据文学评论”,这里是在介绍一种理论,通常我们用一般现在时表示理论,答案选D。
翻译:根据文学评论,莎士比亚通过语言使他剧目中的人物活灵活现。
3. 解析:根据句意可知,这句话是在爱德华演奏后说的,那么说话人通过演奏已经知道他会弹钢琴,只是以前不知道而已,所以用一般过去时,答案选A。
翻译:爱德华,你演奏的太棒了。我以前不知道你会弹钢琴。
4. 解析:让对方保持安静,那么天气预报应该正在播出当中,用现在进行时的被动语态,答案选B。
翻译:你能保持安静吗?天气预报正在播出,我想听听。
5. 解析:注意“since”,看到since可知应该用现在完成时。B和C都满足语法规则,但是C项arise表示发生,产生,与题意不符。B项risen是rise的过去分词,表示上升,答案选B。
翻译:最近一段时间汽油的价格如何?
从上个月开始,价格上涨的飞快。
6. 解析:由前句的现在完成时可以看出说话人还没有出发去非洲,B符合语境。答案选B。
翻译:我的父母答应在我出发去非洲前回来看我。
7. 解析:这里考查的是主动形式表示被动含义。前一句的时态为一般过去时,那发现票卖空也应该在过去。可以排除A和C。这里用sell的进行时态表示被动的含义,答案选D。
翻译:玛丽吃午饭的时候去了售票处,但是所有的票均已售出。
8. 解析:通过上下文表示那条路不能走,因为桥正在维修当中,应该用现在进行时的被动语态,答案选C。
翻译:我们为什么不选择那条路以节约时间呢?
那条路上的桥正在维修当中。
9. 解析:选项A和B很容易排除。句子的开始有“over the past decades”,可知需用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时,只有C符合要求。答案选C。
翻译:过去几个世纪以来,由于全球变暖,北极区的浮冰一直在融化。
10. 解析:“注视着”这个动作发生在过去,那在此以前看过,应该用过去完成时,答案选D。
翻译:她注视着那幅画,思考着以前在什么地方看见过。
11. 解析:前半句用过去时,那在此之前应该用过去的过去,过去完成时,答案选D。
翻译:这家酒店不怎么好。不过以前我住过更糟糕的酒店。
12. 解析:通过前一句可知一整天都在下雨,而且发生在过去,B,C和D项都是现在时,均排除。答案选A。
翻译:如果天气好一些的话,我们就可以野餐了,但是一整天都在下雨。
13. 解析:根据句意,是今天早上借出的书,仅仅表示过去的动作,用一般过去时,答案选D。注意,lend为短暂性动词,不用进行时。
翻译:我不相信你已经读完整本书了,今天早上我才借给你。
14. 解析:看见so far,基本可以判定用现在完成时,答案选D。做时态题,最重要的就是确定时间。
翻译:今年到目前为止,我们看到房价下降了5%至10%。
15. 解析:realize用一般现在时,相对于现在而言,他已经进入陷阱,用现在完成时,答案选C。
翻译:当他意识到自己已经进入陷阱时,他已没有时间采取行动了。
16. 解析:表示过去某一段时间一直在读报纸,应该用过去进行时,答案选B。
翻译:你刚才看见一个穿着黑衣服的男人经过吗?
没有先生,我刚才一直在看报纸。
17. 解析: 他们再一次成为朋友的时间在过去,“until then”表示在那天以前,用过去完成时,答案选B。
翻译:那天他们又成了好朋友。直到那时,他们已经有近两年没有说过话了。
18. 解析:根据句意可知他本来计划是要去的,几个备选选项只有was going to可以用来表示过去计划干某事,答案选C。
翻译:托姆,昨天完胜你没有去参加派对。
我原本计划去的,但是突然我想起还有作业要做。
19. 解析:表示过去某一时间段“昨天晚上八点左右”正在干什么,用过去进行时,答案选D。
翻译:昨天晚上八点,我在公园。看见简和她男朋友。
不可能,那时她在我家看电视呢。
20. 解析:通过前半句可知,Cathy还在学习英语,表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,而且还在进行,用现在完成进行。答案选D。
翻译:Cathy正在阳光学校的课堂上记语法笔记,她在那已经学习了一年的英语了。
PAGE
22