专题十 定语从句和名词性从句
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专题十 定语从句和名词性从句
高考真题回顾
1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing．(2009年安徽卷27题)
A. how B. whom C. when D. which
【考点】本题考查when引导的定语从句。
【解析】本句主语是a friend, good和mine及from when I was born都做friend的定语。谓语是showed up。at my home作地点状语，before I left for Beijing作时间状语。from when I was born是一个含有介词的定语从句，from表示从…,自…，when 表示时间，from when I was born 意思是从我儿时的（出生时的）。答案选C。
【翻译】就在我准备去北京前，我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了。
【扩展】本题除定语从句外，还出现了from表示“从…, 自…﹝表示开始的时刻﹞”的用法，如：From now on, I will only be working in the mornings.从现在起，我将只在上午工作。另外，还有动词短语leave(left为leave过去时) for 表示“前往”。如I’m going to leave for Shanghai at 7:00 by train this evening.我将乘晚上7点火车去上海。
【脱口而出】
a good friend of An old friend of my father’s, who lives in German, is a famous engineer. 我父亲一位老朋友是著名的工程师，住在德国。
from From the moment he saw her, he loved her.他对她一见钟情。
leave for She will leave from China for Austria to learn music next year.她明年将离开中国去奥地利学音乐。
2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village．(2009年安徽卷30题）
A．their B．whose C．of them D．with whom
【考点】本题考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句。
【解析】whose parents are away working in big cities是非限制性定语从句，对先行词children起解释说明的作用，前后用逗号隔开。whose 是关系代词，既起连接作用，又做parents的定语。把该从句抽出来，Many children are taken good care of in the village. 是一个被动语态的简单句。答案选B。
【翻译】许多父母远在大城市外出打工的孩子在村里得到很好的照顾。
【扩展】本句还出现了take good care of的被动用法take care of “照管，管理”这是常用的动词短语。例句：Who will take care of the dog while we are away 我们外出时，谁来负责照看这条狗呢？
【脱口而出】
be taken care of Don’t worry about your children—they will be taken good care of.不用为你的孩子们担心了,他们会得到很好的照顾。
whose A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.（如果）一个人的邮箱账户满了就不能再收、发邮件。
3. ---What do you think of teaching, Bob （2009年北京卷26题）
--- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【考点】本题考查由where引导的定语从句。
【解析】本题先行词是job是一表示抽象地点的名词，关系副词where起连接作用，且在定语从句中作状语。point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，常用用关系副词where来引导定语从句。类似的句子：I’m looking for a new job, one where I get a bit more job satisfaction. 我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中可以得到更大满足感的职业。
【翻译】 “你认为教学怎么样？”“我觉得教学既有趣又有挑战性，是一个在其中你需要认真对待但令人感兴趣的职业。”
【扩展】本句还考查了something serious but interesting 当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词之后。例如: Has anything exciting happened in your hometown 你家乡有什么令人激动的事情发生吗？
【脱口而出】
think of What do you think of the weather in Australia 你认为澳大利亚的天气怎么样？
be taken care of Don’t worry about your children—they will be taken good care of.不用为你的孩子们担心了,他们会得到很好的照顾。
something I’m looking for something different.我在找一件与众不同的东西。
find My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟从没去过国外，一次发现这次旅行非常令人激动。
4. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.（2009年海南卷28题）
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【考点】本题考查由whom引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】句中由逗号隔开，说明是非限制性定语从句，用在介词of后表示部分且指人，只能用whom（宾格形式）引导。答案是C。类似的表达：Mrs. Brown has three children, all of whom are now at college. 布朗太太有三个孩子，现在都上大学。
【翻译】她带了她的三位朋友，我以前没见过其中任何一位。
【扩展】本句还考查了none of“（一组两个以上中）没有任何一个”, 可指人亦可指物，例如：None of my friends ever come(s) to see me. 没有一个朋友来看我。None of their promises have been kept.他们的诺言一个也没有信守。
【脱口而出】
none of ---Who’s that letter from --- It’s none of your business. ---谁来的信？---跟你不相干。
whom Tom is the only person for whom I have the greatest respect. Tom是唯一让我非常尊敬的人。
5. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. （2009年全国卷Ⅱ17题）。
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【考点】本题考查由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】从句前由逗号隔开，只能是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子。主句是一个简单句。类似的句子：They’ve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. （2009年辽宁卷23题）他们赢得了最后三场比赛的胜利，这一点我感觉有些吃惊。答案是A。
【翻译】我朋友带我参观了这座城镇，这真是太好了。
【扩展】本句还考查了show…round“带（某人）四处参观”The guide will show you round the museum. 导游将带你们参观博物馆。be very kind of也是常用短语。
【脱口而出】
show…round I’ll send someone to show you around.我会派人带你四处逛逛。
be very kind of It’s very kind of you to help me with my English.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。
6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009年江西卷26题）
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【考点】本题考查含有介词的定语从句。
【解析】本句主语是the house，后跟一定语从句（which）I grow up in, 谓语是两个并列的现在完成时的被动语态。定语从句前省略了引导词which, which 在从句中作介词in的宾语， which引导的定语从句只能放在从句之首。答案是B。
【翻译】我从小在那儿长大的那座房子被拆了，代之以一栋办公楼。
【扩展】本句还考查了动词短语grow up“长大成人”, take down“拆毁”, replace by“更换，替换”及现在完成时的被动语态。
【脱口而出】
grow up I grew up in a village in Northeast China. 我是在中国东北的一个农村长大的。
take down We’ll have to take the house down because it is too old. 这房子太老了，我们将必须将它拆掉。
replaced by We’ve replaced the old camera with/by a new digital one.我们用新的数码相机更换了旧的相机。
7. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ___ __ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.（2009年天津卷14题）
A. as B. which C. when D. though
【考点】as引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】as和which都可以引导分限制性定语从句指代整个主句。as从句中有“正如，就像”的意思，而which无此意。类似的句子：That village lives in a lonely valley, as many people think. 正如许多人想象的那样，那个村庄位于一个偏僻的山谷。另外，as 引导的从句可放于句首，而which引导的只能放于句末。答案选A。
【翻译】我每天乘坐便捷铁路到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津市商业区的商人一样。
【扩展】本句主句是一简单句，从句当中还有一定语从句who live in downtown Tianjin 做businessmen的定语。as 放在句首引导定语从句很常用。如：As was natural, my father retired when he was sixty.我父亲六十岁时退休了，这是很自然的事。
【脱口而出】
as is known to us all As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.（2008年江西卷35题）
A. where B. when C. who D. which
【考点】where引导的定语从句。
【解析】该句的先行词是cases，定语从句被will be introduced to readers隔开，where consumer complaints 是cases定语从句，当point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词引导定语从句。关系副词where在定语从句中做状语。cases同时做have resulted in changes in the law 的主语。该句结构较复杂，如分析清楚将发现定语从句部分并不复杂。答案是A。
【翻译】在这章后面将把由消费者投诉导致法律方面的改变的案例介绍给读者。
【扩展】本句中还考查了将来时的被动语态和常用动词短语“result in”“导致，造成”。例句：Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
“introduce to”“介绍，引见”，I introduced John to Mary last year, and now they’re married.我去年介绍John和Mary认识，现在他们结婚了。
【脱口而出】
introduce Let me introduce myself, my name is Mary. 自我介绍一下，我叫Mary。
result in The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。
9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example.(2008年四川卷4题)
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
【考点】含有“介词+关系代词”的定语从句。
【解析】介词of 表示“其中”，which先行词是many cities。答案为C。
【翻译】世界上许多城市已没有地方进一步扩延，其中纽约就是一个例子。
【扩展】本句中还考查了there is no room to“没有地方…”和常用动词短语“spread out”“（使）扩延，（使）广布”，例句：The news of plane crash soon spread out widely. 飞机失事的消息很快就广泛地传开了。
【脱口而出】
there is no room to There is hardly room to breathe in here.这儿挤的都没有喘气的地方了。
spread out In the past five years, Beijing City has spread out rapidly in all directions.在过去五年里，北京市向四面八方迅速的扩展。
10. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ___ it got any better.（2009年北京卷31题）
A. when B. how C. why D. if
【考点】if 引导的宾语从句。
【解析】本句主句是两个并列句，由but连接。if引导的从句做see的宾语。if表示“是否”。答案选D。
【解析】开始时他讨厌这份新工作，但决定给自己几个月的时间看看是否会好转。
【扩展】本句中还考查了but连接的并列句, 和动词不定式decide to, give sb some time to。例句：After a long time of thinking, he decided to go abroad to learn music.经过长时间思考，他决定到国外学音乐。Give him enough time to get home before you telephone.等他到了家，你再打电话给他。
【脱口而出】
but He is very old but he is in good health. 他年纪很大，但很健康。
give sb some time to I’ll give you 24 hours to make a decision.我给你24小时的时间做决定。
decided to We couldn’t decide which one to buy.我们不能决定买哪一个。He decided to get married. 他决定结婚。
11. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.(2009年湖南卷28题)
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【考点】宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】do后为宾语从句，引导词whatever（无论如何）同时又做从句中takes（需要）的宾语，to save her life 是从句中真正的主语，it是形式主语。类似的句式：It took ten men to break the door down. 用十个人才把那扇门拆掉。答案：C。
【翻译】她对我们非常珍贵，我们要不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。
【扩展】本句还考查了be prepared to do sth“愿意做某事” 的用法。例句：I’m not prepared to listen to all your weak excuse. 我不愿意听你说这些站不住脚的借口。save one’s life挽救某人的生命 The doctor managed to save the patient’s life.医生设法挽救病人的生命。
【脱口而出】
be prepared to I’m prepared to help you whenever you need.无论何时，我都愿意帮助你。
It takes… to do sth It takes a lot of courage to do a thing like that.做那种事得有极大的勇气。
12. Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life' s most important decision -- marriage -- almost entirely up to luck.（2009年江苏卷34题）
A. as B. that C. which D. what
【考点】宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】what could be life’s most important decision是一宾语从句做动词leave 的宾语，同时引导词需在从句中作主语，只能选what。主句主语是many young people谓语are expected to是被动语态，后面跟的是动词不定式。答案：D。
【翻译】在西方人们相信许多年轻人把生命中最重要的事情如婚姻交由运气。
【扩展】本题还考查了expecte to“相信，预料”的用法，例句：They are expected to make a decision later on today.预料他们晚些时候会做出决定。leave… to…“把…留给”例句：I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets. 我将把买票的事留给你去办。
【脱口而出】
expect to I fully expected to see them—they come every year.我完全相信会看到他们，他们每年都来。
leave…to… Don’t leave anything to chance.办什么事都不要靠运气。
up to “Shall we go out ” “It’s up to you.”“我们出去好吗？”“那由你决定了”
13. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.（2008年北京卷30题）
A. which B. that C. what D. who
【考点】主语从句的引导词。
【解析】该句主语是the companies谓语是are working 进行时后跟动词不定式to create, create 后整个是一宾语从句做它的宾语，这一宾语从句中的主语由一个主语从句what they hope担当。类似表达：I believe what he told me is true. 我相信他告诉我的是真的。答案：C。
【翻译】这些公司正进行合作，努力创造出他们心目中21世纪最好的交通工具。
【扩展】该题除考查从句外，还考查了means of “方法，手段”；by all means“当然，完全可以”；by means of “使用，应用”；by no means“决不”。
means of The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通工具是飞机。
by all means “May I borrow your paper ”“By all means”“我可以借你的报纸吗？”“完全可以。”
by means of We express our thoughts by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。
by no means It is by no means of certain. 完全难以肯定。
14. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.（2009年天津卷7题）
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】该句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句做真正主语，that在从句中不做句子成分。类似的表达：It was obvious that the pilot could not control his plane.很明显，飞行员控制不了飞机。
【翻译】很明显，对于学生来他们应为将来做好充分准备。
15. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008年福建卷27题）
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】该句是一主语从句。注意跟as引导的非限制性定语从句的的区别，比较下面的句子： As is known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.众所周知，2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行。答案：B。
【翻译】众所周知，2008年奥运会将在北京举行。
【扩展】该句还考查了动词短语take place“发生，举行”和be known to“为某人所熟知”。
take place The meeting will take place soon. 会议即将举行。An accident took place at this cross three years ago. 这个十字路口三年前发生过一起交通事故。
be known to He is known to the police.(=as a criminal)他是警察所熟知的罪犯。
16. _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(2008年山东卷23题)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】选项要引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故选C。另外，she told me 是一插入语。important常构成一个句型It is important for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事时重要的”。
It is important for sb to do sth It’s important for people to learn to read.人们学习阅读是重要的。
17. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait for her mother. （2009年山东卷28题）
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【考点】表语从句。
【解析】remain 是一系动词，后跟一表语从句，由where引导，表示地点，且在从句中做表语。另外，该句主语里who got lost是一定语从句，先行词是the little girl。答案：A。
【翻译】迷路的小女孩决定停在原地，等她的母亲。
【扩展】该句还考查了系动词remain停留，留下和动词短语wait for等待。
【脱口而出】
remain She remained at home to look after the children when her husband went out.丈夫外出时，她留在家里照顾孩子。
wait for Don’t wait dinner for me; I shall be late.别等我吃饭，我要晚点来。
18. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.（2008年山东卷12题）
A. where B. how C. when D. why
【考点】表语从句。
【解析】本题考查表语从句，先行词是the last time引导词指时间，且在从句中做时间状语。另外，本句主语是the last time, we had great fun是一定语从句，修饰主语。答案：C。
【翻译】最后一次玩得很开心是在浏览水上公园的时候。
【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语have great fun玩得很开心。
【脱口而出】
have great fun You'll sure to have great fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩得很开心。
19.
20. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.（2009年江西卷33题）
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【考点】同位语从句。
【解析】先行词为the fact, 同位语从句是对the fact的解释。答案：C。
【翻译】这些年地球变得越来越暖这一事实使许多科学家担忧。
【扩展】本题还考查了worry使烦恼，使焦虑和动词短语become warmer and warmer变得越来越暖的用法。例句：The increasingly poor quality of his work is beginning to worry his teachers.他的功课越来越差，老师因而开始着急起来。
【脱口而出】
worry What worries her most is the health of her son.她最担心的是她儿子的健康。
become In autumn, the weather in Beijing is becoming cooler and cooler.
21. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009年 四川卷7题)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【考点】同位语从句。
【解析】先行词为news，同位语从句是对news的解释、说明。答案：C。
【翻译】学校办公室传来王琳被北京大学录取的消息。
【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语be admitted to允许入内，被入取。例句：He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns.他由于烧伤，被送入院治疗。此外，admit（to）意思是“承认（坏事）”; admit可以跟动名词，从句，动词不定时做宾补。
admit（to） He admitted his guilt/admitted to the murder.他承认犯了罪/谋杀罪。
admit +vn He admitted stealing the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。
admit+(that) He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。
admit +obj +to The fuel leak is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble. 燃油泄漏被确认是造成这次灾难的原因。
基本要点梳理
定语从句
1、 概述
在复合句中，由一个句子来修饰某一名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句可以紧跟先行词，如：A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.如果一个人的账户满了就不能再发或收邮件。也可以根据特殊需要而跟先行词分隔，如：There was a lady there who was singing an English song. 那儿有一位女士，她在唱一首英文歌。
2、 常用连接词及其用法
引导词可分为关系代词that，which，who（whom，whose）, as和关系副词where，when，why.它们既起连接作用，又在从句中做状语。
1 that的用法
1.1 当先行词是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, much, none, all时，常用that。
I’ve forgotten everything (that ) I learn at school.
1.2 先行词是数词时，只能用that。
He bought two birds yesterday. Now I can see the two that are singing in the cage.
1.3 先行词既有人又有物事，只能用that。
He was watching the people and luggage that filled the car.
1.4 先行词序数词或被序数词修饰或者是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
The first English novel that I read was Jane Eyre.
David is the tallest boy that I have ever seen in the school.
1.5 先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只能用that。
The only thing that I need to do is to buy a ticket.
现在我唯一需要做的事是买票。
1.6 如果有两个从句，其中一个用关系代词which, 另一个用关系代词that, 以避免重复。
He bought a new car, which was made in Japan, that I have never seen before.
他买了一辆日本产的新车，我以前从未见过。
1.7 当主句是there be 结构，如主语是物，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to David.
书桌上那本书是大卫的。
1.8 当who引导的特殊疑问句中，先行词指人时，用that。
Who is the little girl that is standing under the tree.
在树下站着的那位小女孩是谁？
1.9 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，常用that。
She is not the women that she was.她已经不再是以前的那个她了。
2 which 的用法
2.1 当关系代词前有介词时
The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 我从小长大的那座房子被拆掉并建成了一栋办公楼。
2.2 引导非限制性定语从句时，可代表先行词或者前面整个句子。which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
The old building, which was a library twenty years ago, is going to be taken down. 20年前是一图书馆那栋旧楼，将被拆了。
Mary won the first prize, which made us very happy.
Mary荣获一等奖，这使我们很高兴。
2.3 先行词为that, those且指物时。
What are those which were put in the truck.
放在卡车里的那些东西是什么？
2.4 如果有两个从句，其中一个用关系代词which, 另一个用关系代词that, 以避免重复。
Let me show you the book that I just bought from the book shop which is near our school.让我给你看看我刚从我们学校附近的书店买的那本书。
3 who 的用法
3.1 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those等，只用who。
Anyone who goes out in this weather must be crazy.
谁在这样的天气出去一定是疯了。
Those who dare to disobey the traffic rules will be punishment.
那些竟敢不遵守交通规则的人将会受到惩罚。
3.2 there be 结构中，先行词指人时，只用who.
There is a little girl under the tree who is reading a book.
树下有个女孩在读书。
3.3 引导非限制性定语从句。
The lady, who is sitting on my right, said she is a doctor.
坐在我右边的那位女士说她是位医生。
3.4 先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时，只用who。
I met a friend of my brother’s in the zoo yesterday who has just come back from Australia. 我昨天在动物园遇见我哥哥的一位朋友，他刚从澳大利亚回来。
3.5 为避免重复或引起歧义，当句子中有两个定语从句，一个用that时，另一个用who。
The man that help me with my English is our new English teacher who has just graduated from the university.帮我学英语的人是我们新英语老师，他刚从大学毕业。
3.6 当先行词是I，you, he, they等时（常用于谚语之中）。
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。
4 when 的用法
when是关系副词，在定语从句中做时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
Mary will never forget the happy time when she lived in the countryside. Mary将永远忘不了她住在乡下的快乐时光。
5 when 的用法
where是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语。
This is the village where I was born.这是我出生的村庄。
The school where his father teaches is in the east of the city. 他父亲任教的那所学校在城市的东部。
I’m looking for a new job, one where I get a little more job satisfaction.我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中能得到更大满足感的工作。
6 why 的用法
why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
There are the reasons why we do it.这是我们这样做的原因。
He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was absent.他不能为他的旷课给老师一个很好的理由。
名词性从句
1、 概述
名词性从句包括同位语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句，对于名词性从句考查一般是对连接词的选择，首先从结构上要做出清楚的判断，就容易从选项中选出答案。特别要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对先行词的补充说明，连接词不做从句的成分。而定语从句连接词在从句中作句子成分。
2、 同位语从句
很多名词后跟一从句说明其内容，该从句就是同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词如：fact, news, report, idea, promise, thought, reply, information, possibility, feeling, word, story, doubt, remark等。连接词为that, whether, why, who, why, where, how, when等。
I heard the news that he has gone to Shanghai. 我听到消息，他去上海了。
I have no idea why she left. 我不知道他为什么走了。
Whoever has helped the drowning girl is worth praising. 无论是谁帮助救那溺水的女孩都值得赞扬。
特别要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对先行词的补充说明，连接词不做从句的成分。而定语从句连接词在从句中作句子成分。
3、 主语从句
由一个句子来做主句的主语的句子是主语从句。连接词有从属连词that, whether, if; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when，where, how, why及“疑问词+ever”等。
That we’ll praise the boy for his good behavior is certain. 我们将表扬这个男孩的好行为是确定无疑的。
Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter too much. 他是否要来关系并不太大。
4、 3. 宾语从句
由一个句子来做宾语的是宾语从句。宾语从句有that（宾语从句是陈述句时）、if/whether（宾语从句是一般疑问句式）、what/who/where/how（宾语从句是一特殊疑问句）引导的宾语从句，从句的语序都是陈述句的语序。
We suspected that it was a trick to get our money. 我们疑心这是骗我们钱的圈套。
I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favour. 不知你是否介意帮我一个忙。
Can you tell me how I can get to Beihai Park, please 请问您能告诉我怎样到北海公园吗？
Please call me whenever you need my help. 如需我的帮助，请随时打电话。
5、 表语从句
由一个句子来做表语的叫做表语从句。表语从句有that，whether，as if; 疑问代词who, what, which; 疑问副词when, where, how, why等引导。
The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there everyday. 好莱坞是个拍电影的好地方，原因是那里天天有太阳。
My first question is whether Tom is our guide or not. 我第一个问题是是否Tom是我们的导游。
That is what he was worried about. 那就是他所担忧的。
That is the reason why he speaks English so fluently. 那就是他英语说得非常流利的原因。
6、 难点，易混点解析
1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，从句跟主句关系密切，不能去掉，写时不可用逗号隔开。
He found the bicycle that he lost one month ago.他找到了一个月前丢的自行车。
How do you apologize to your friend whose book you lost 你怎样向那位你弄丢了人家的书的那位朋友道歉。
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，跟主句关系不是很密切，如果去掉，主句意思仍很清楚。这种从句常用逗号跟主句分开。
David，whom I met yesterday, is from Canada.
Guilin, where I visited twice, is very beautiful.
2 选择关系代词还是关系副词
当引导词在句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词。
July 1 is the day that/which is important in my life.七月一日是我一生中重要的一天。（先行词day指时间，引导词that/which在定语从句中做主语。）
I still remember the day when we met for the first time.我仍然记得我们初次相遇的那一天。（引导词when在定语从句中作状语。）
This is the park that/which we visited last year. 这是我们去年参观的公园。（that/which在从句中作宾语。）
I still remember the place where I grow up.我仍然记得我长大的那个地方。（where作状语）
Did you hear the reason (that/which) David explained to us 你听到大卫给我们解释的原因了吗？ (先行词是reason,引导词that/which在定语从句中做宾语。)
At last, he told us the reason why he was later for the school. 最终他告诉了我们他上学迟到的原因。（引导词why在定语从句中做状语。）
They are strongly against the way (that/in which) you solved the problem.他们很不赞成你解决问题的方法。（先行词是way的定语从句，引导词是that或which,也可以省略。）
3 选which还是as
which和as 都可引导非限制性定语从句，都可修饰整个主句，放在主句后面。
He climbed the Great Wall yesterday, as/which had been one of his dreams.
as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，which则不可。
As is known to us all, Mark Twain is one of the greatest writers in U.S.A.众所周知，马克·吐温是美国最伟大的作家之一。
As was natural, he retired when she was fifty-five. 她55岁退休了，这是很自然的事。
as 在从句中有“正如，就像”的意思，which没有。
That village lies in a valley, as many people think.正如许多人想象的那样，那个村庄在山谷。
当前面有such修饰先行词时，常用as引导定语从句。
We have such grapes as you never saw.我们有你从未见过的葡萄。
Such money as he earned was spent on tobacco.他正的那点钱都花在烟上了。
We hope to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.我们希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
4 当point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词引导定语从句。
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些成功的失聪舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一种其中视力比听力重要的活动。
5 选whether还是if
whether 和if 都当“是否”讲，口语中引导宾语从句时可互换，如：
Mary asked me whether/if Jane would attend the meeting. Mary问我Tom是否会参加该会议。
但其区别是考查的重点：
5.1 whether 可以引导位于句首的主语从句，if不可；但如果用it作形式主语，whether，if都可用。whether 可与or not直接连用，if不可，若放在句尾，则都可。
Whether he will come or not is not important.
It’s not important whether/if he will come or not. 他是否回来并不重要。
Please tell me whether or not you agree.
Please tell me whether/if you agree or not. 请告诉我你是否同意。
5.2 whether可引导表语从句，if不可。
The question is whether she is the best person for the job. 问题是她是否是这项工作最合适的人。
5.3 whether 可引导同位语从句，if不可。
You have to answer my question whether you will take me to Italy during the summer holidays. 你得回答我的问题：暑假你是否可以带我到意大利。
5.4 whether 引导的从句可以充当介词的宾语，而if 不可。
When I was in my friend’s home, I didn’t know whether to answer the telephone.
5.5 whether可引导从句充当介词宾语，if不可。
It depends on whether they will come tonight.
这完全取决于他们今晚是否会来。
5.6 whether与or构成固定结构引导让步状语，if不可。
Tom is sure to arrive, whether he comes by bus or by train.
不管是坐火车还是公交，Tom肯定要来。
命题趋势预测
1、 考点预测
定语从句、名词性从句是历年高考必考的知识点，主要出现在单项选择中。也是英语中常用的句式，在高考完形填空和阅读理解中常常会遇到。掌握之在单项选择和阅读理解中都会很有帮助。近五年高考试题中对定语从句的考查一般有两种情况：一是比较明显的，从上下文中很容易做出判断、选出答案；二是不太明显的（如分隔的定语从句、含有关系代词和关系副词选项易引起混淆的定语从句及特殊句式中的定语从句等），需要仔细审题，才能做出判断、选出答案。名词性从句中也会有一个或两个题，2010年高考对定语、名词性从句的考查预计不会出此范围，牢固掌握各引导词的具体用法，是得分的把握。现把预测的2010年高考考点总结如下，供考生复习备考使用。
1. 考查关系代词、关系副词引导的定语从句。
2. 考查as引导的定语从句。
3. 考查非限制性定语从句。
4. 考查where引导的定语从句。
5. 考查同位语、主语、宾语、表语从句，尤其是whether引导的从句。
2、 考点预测题
1. They felt such heat this summer they had never felt before.
A. which B. that C. as D. where
【考点】本题考查定语从句的连接词。
【解析】因为先行词前有such修饰，故只能选as引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】今年夏天他们感受到了以前从未感受过的炎热。
2. This morning some gift arrived, for I know I have to thank you.
A. that B. whom C. which D. as
【考点】本题考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】因为选项前有介词for，且先行词gift是物，故只能选which引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】今年早上送来了一件礼物，对此我知道我得感谢你。
3. His daughters, all of study abroad, ring him up every weekend.
A. them B. that C. whom D. whose
【考点】本题考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】因为选项前有介词of，且先行词daughters是人，故只能选whom（作介词of的宾语）引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】他的女儿都在国外上学，每周末都给他打电话。
4. You have my promise he will support the plan.
A. which B. that C. as D. but
【考点】本题考查同位语从句。
【解析】promise属抽象名词，从句是对先行词promise的解释，连接词that在从句中不做句子成分。答案选B。
【翻译】我保证他会支持这项计划。
5. _______we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
A. that B. what C. who D. whom
【考点】本题考查主语从句。
【解析】从句中可判断选项处在从句中作宾语，所以应用what引导。注意后面的平行结构what we already have。而 that引导的主语从句放在句首，强调从句的内容，不做从句句子成分。答案选B。
【翻译】我们得不到的东西似乎比得到的东西要好。
6. Tom thought it good _______ people in the big cities live in the countryside during the holidays.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【考点】本题考查宾语从句。
【解析】句中it是形式宾语，形容词good作it的宾语补足语。真正主语是that引导的宾语从句。答案选D。
【翻译】Tom认为大城市的人假期住在乡下好。
7. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That’s ______the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why
【考点】本题考查表语从句。
【解析】上文有一地点名词downtown，连接词where代替上文的地点，且在从句中作表语。答案选A。
【翻译】为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，Bob？那里有最好的工作。
8. Having checked the doors were closed, and ______all the lights were off, the boy open the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D where
【考点】本题考查宾语从句。
【解析】the door were closed 和all the lights were off都作check的宾语从句，第一句宾语从句the doors were closed前的连接词that可以省略, 后一宾语从句连接词that不可省略。答案选B。
【翻译】检查完门已关好，所有灯都熄灭之后，这男孩才打开门到他的卧室。
9. ______ the accident happened has not been known.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
【考点】本题考查主语从句。
【解析】从句子的意思判断，可知是选项处应是如何、怎样的意思，应由连接副词how引导，且连接词在从句中作状语。其它选项都是连接代词。答案选D。
【翻译】事故是怎样发生的还不知道。
10. He is no longer ______ he used to be.
A. what B. that C. which D. whom
【考点】本题考查表语从句。
【解析】选项处在从句中做表语，所以应由关系代词what引导， what可指某一或某种未知的事物或人，如：What’s your new boss like 你新老板是一个什么样的人？答案选A。
【翻译】他已经不是过去的他了。
典型习题演练
1. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009年 湖南卷26题 )
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
2. They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising （2009年辽宁卷23题）
A. that B. when C. what D. which
3. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（2009年山东卷24题）
A. who B. which C. when D. that
4. I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.（2009年浙江卷14题）
A. which B. where C. how D. why
5. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（2009年重庆卷34题）
A. why B. what C. that D. where
6. All the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
7. The Science Museum, _______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
8. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, __ _ was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
9. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
10. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there C. which D. when
11. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, __________ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
12. It is reported that two schools，________ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which
13. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
15. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which B. as C. why D. where
16. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
17. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
18. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them
C. none of whom D. neither of whom
19. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
20. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．（2006年安徽，29题）
A. if B. when C. that D. which
21. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
22. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what B. that C. which D. one
23. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
24. See the flags on top of the building That was______ we did this morning.（2006年全国，23题）
A. when B. which C. where D. what
25. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.（2006年全国）
A. where B. when C. how D. what
26. ---Mom, what did the doctor say
---He advised mo to live______ the air is fresher.（2006年四川）
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
27. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006年江苏，35题）
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
28. ---Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---Yes，there's one point we must insist on．（2006年江西33题）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
29. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006年江苏29题)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
30. You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
答案与解析：
1. 解析：该题考查引导词在从句中作定语的定语从句。因为name是一名词，
故选whose作name定语。例句：A new computer, whose low cost will make it very attractive to students will be sold in our school.一种价格低廉的新型计算机对学生会很有吸引力将在我们学校售出。答案选D。
翻译：我出生在路易斯安那州的新奥尔良，它的名字会在我脑海中产生一幅美丽的树木和青草的图画的城市。
2. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，which代表前面整个主句。答案选D。
翻译：他们连续赢得最后三场比赛的胜利，对这一点我感到吃惊。
3. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，which代表前面I met her。答案选B。
注：which引导定语从句时可代表前面一个词，也可代表前面整个或部分句子。
翻译：无论何时遇见她，那是很经常的事，她总会笑着问候我。
4. 解析：该题考查定语从句的连接词，point是表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，且从句中缺少状语，要用副词where引导。reach a point指“到了…情况/程度”。答案选B。
翻译：在我的生命中已到必须该自己做决定（时候/程度）了。
5. 解析：该题考查定语从句的连接词， race是表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，故选where。答案选D。
翻译：生活就像一次长跑，我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己。
6. 解析：该题考查定语从句。先行词family是一表示抽象地点的名词，且连接词在从句中作状语。答案选B。
翻译：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，父母待他们的孩子像朋友。
7. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。连接词在从句中作宾语，故选which。答案选A。
翻译：我们最近的英国之旅期间参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游热点之一。
8. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。which代替整个主句。答案选C。
翻译：那儿的道路状况原来非常好，这点远远超出了我们的预料。
9. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词car故选which。答案选D。
翻译：昨天她把车买了，那是一个月前刚买的。
10. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Washington为一地点名词，故选where。答案选A。
翻译：他们将飞往华盛顿，计划在那待两三天。
11. 解析： 该题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词a day care center 为一地点名词，故选where。答案选D。
翻译：一些学龄前儿童到日托管中心，在那里他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。
12. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，因先行词为two school，故选both of which。答案选D。
翻译：据报道，正在我家乡建造的两所学校，明年将开放（招生）。
13. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。答案选B。
翻译：在贝克大街上的Chan的饭店，过去经营很差劲，现在生意很成功。
14. 解析：该题考查含有介词的定语从句，to表示“关于，对于”。答案选B。
翻译：人类的面目表情跟动物的在成度上有很大的不同，对此，它们可以被 目的所控制。
15. 解析：该题考查限制性定语从句。先行词cases是一表示抽象地点的名词。答案选D。
翻译：今天我们将讨论英语初学者不能正确使用该语言的一些情况。
16. 解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句，which代替前面整个主句。答案选A。
翻译：他曾在当地的高中就读，那之后他去了北京大学。
17. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是by serving others, 先行词和从句之间被一同位语隔开。答案选B。
翻译：通过服务别人，人关注的是别人而不是他或她自己，能大开眼界且很有意义。
18. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，由于先行词only two people 指两人，所以定语从句中用neither of whom。答案选D。
翻译：上周只有两个人来看房，且两人中无一人想买。
19. 解析：该题考查分隔的定语从句，先行词the village 是一地点，故选where连接的定语从句。答案选D。
翻译：我们两年前学习农事的那个村庄已在很大程度上得到发展。
20. 解析：该题考查同位语从句。先行词thought是一抽象名词，that引导的从句是对先行词的解释说明。答案选C。
翻译：我突然有一种强烈的想法就是用零花钱为母亲的生日买些花。
21. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what。答案选A。
翻译：当孩子们被问到他们最需要什么时，他们说他们想要感到有价值和被爱。
22. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what，从句做介词from的宾语。答案选A。
翻译：一些孩子想要学习一种跟他们的父母在家里所说不同的语言来挑战自己。
23. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what，从句做介词of的宾语。答案选C。
翻译：重庆人为他们在过去的十年所取得的成就而自豪。
24. 解析：该题考查表语从句。连接词what在标语从句中作宾语。答案选D。
翻译：看到楼顶上那些旗了吗？那是今天早晨我们干的。
25. 解析：该题考查宾语从句。从句做remind 的宾语。答案选B。
翻译：请提醒我他说他什么时间走来着，我可以及时为他送行。
26. 解析该题考查宾语从句。从句做live的宾语。如果改句变为He advised me to live in the place where the air is fresher. 也正确，该句中where the air is fresher 是定语从句，修饰the place。答案选：D。
翻译：妈妈，医生怎么说？医生建议我住在空气更清新的地方。
27. 解析： 该题考查宾语从句。从句中不缺句子成分，且意思上跟question有关，排除B、D，从句做介词of 的宾语，只能由whether引导。答案选C。
翻译：我们还没有决定对于他是否有必要到国外学习这件事情。
28. 解析：该题考查同位语从句。that 引导同位语从句有时可省略。如：There is some possibility (that) he may be late. 他有可能晚到。答案选D。
翻译：--有什么为自己要说的吗？--是的，只有一点，我们必须坚持。
29. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。答案选D。
翻译：这家电影院的主人需要做很大的改进且雇佣更多的人以保持它运营，那意味着要花费成千上万英镑。
30. 解析：该题考查宾语从句和定语从句。该题的前半部分介词of后是一宾语从句，连接词what在从句中作宾语。后半部分考查一定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，应由that引导，that可省略。答案选B。
翻译：你只能把握目前所拥有的东西，不能把握将来可能得到的东西。
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高考真题回顾
1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing．(2009年安徽卷27题)
A. how B. whom C. when D. which
【考点】本题考查when引导的定语从句。
【解析】本句主语是a friend, good和mine及from when I was born都做friend的定语。谓语是showed up。at my home作地点状语，before I left for Beijing作时间状语。from when I was born是一个含有介词的定语从句，from表示从…,自…，when 表示时间，from when I was born 意思是从我儿时的（出生时的）。答案选C。
【翻译】就在我准备去北京前，我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了。
【扩展】本题除定语从句外，还出现了from表示“从…, 自…﹝表示开始的时刻﹞”的用法，如：From now on, I will only be working in the mornings.从现在起，我将只在上午工作。另外，还有动词短语leave(left为leave过去时) for 表示“前往”。如I’m going to leave for Shanghai at 7:00 by train this evening.我将乘晚上7点火车去上海。
【脱口而出】
a good friend of An old friend of my father’s, who lives in German, is a famous engineer. 我父亲一位老朋友是著名的工程师，住在德国。
from From the moment he saw her, he loved her.他对她一见钟情。
leave for She will leave from China for Austria to learn music next year.她明年将离开中国去奥地利学音乐。
2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village．(2009年安徽卷30题）
A．their B．whose C．of them D．with whom
【考点】本题考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句。
【解析】whose parents are away working in big cities是非限制性定语从句，对先行词children起解释说明的作用，前后用逗号隔开。whose 是关系代词，既起连接作用，又做parents的定语。把该从句抽出来，Many children are taken good care of in the village. 是一个被动语态的简单句。答案选B。
【翻译】许多父母远在大城市外出打工的孩子在村里得到很好的照顾。
【扩展】本句还出现了take good care of的被动用法take care of “照管，管理”这是常用的动词短语。例句：Who will take care of the dog while we are away 我们外出时，谁来负责照看这条狗呢？
【脱口而出】
be taken care of Don’t worry about your children—they will be taken good care of.不用为你的孩子们担心了,他们会得到很好的照顾。
whose A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.（如果）一个人的邮箱账户满了就不能再收、发邮件。
3. ---What do you think of teaching, Bob （2009年北京卷26题）
--- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【考点】本题考查由where引导的定语从句。
【解析】本题先行词是job是一表示抽象地点的名词，关系副词where起连接作用，且在定语从句中作状语。point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，常用用关系副词where来引导定语从句。类似的句子：I’m looking for a new job, one where I get a bit more job satisfaction. 我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中可以得到更大满足感的职业。
【翻译】 “你认为教学怎么样？”“我觉得教学既有趣又有挑战性，是一个在其中你需要认真对待但令人感兴趣的职业。”
【扩展】本句还考查了something serious but interesting 当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词之后。例如: Has anything exciting happened in your hometown 你家乡有什么令人激动的事情发生吗？
【脱口而出】
think of What do you think of the weather in Australia 你认为澳大利亚的天气怎么样？
be taken care of Don’t worry about your children—they will be taken good care of.不用为你的孩子们担心了,他们会得到很好的照顾。
something I’m looking for something different.我在找一件与众不同的东西。
find My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟从没去过国外，一次发现这次旅行非常令人激动。
4. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.（2009年海南卷28题）
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【考点】本题考查由whom引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】句中由逗号隔开，说明是非限制性定语从句，用在介词of后表示部分且指人，只能用whom（宾格形式）引导。答案是C。类似的表达：Mrs. Brown has three children, all of whom are now at college. 布朗太太有三个孩子，现在都上大学。
【翻译】她带了她的三位朋友，我以前没见过其中任何一位。
【扩展】本句还考查了none of“（一组两个以上中）没有任何一个”, 可指人亦可指物，例如：None of my friends ever come(s) to see me. 没有一个朋友来看我。None of their promises have been kept.他们的诺言一个也没有信守。
【脱口而出】
none of ---Who’s that letter from --- It’s none of your business. ---谁来的信？---跟你不相干。
whom Tom is the only person for whom I have the greatest respect. Tom是唯一让我非常尊敬的人。
5. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. （2009年全国卷Ⅱ17题）。
A. which B. that C. where D. it
【考点】本题考查由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】从句前由逗号隔开，只能是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子。主句是一个简单句。类似的句子：They’ve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. （2009年辽宁卷23题）他们赢得了最后三场比赛的胜利，这一点我感觉有些吃惊。答案是A。
【翻译】我朋友带我参观了这座城镇，这真是太好了。
【扩展】本句还考查了show…round“带（某人）四处参观”The guide will show you round the museum. 导游将带你们参观博物馆。be very kind of也是常用短语。
【脱口而出】
show…round I’ll send someone to show you around.我会派人带你四处逛逛。
be very kind of It’s very kind of you to help me with my English.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。
6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009年江西卷26题）
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
【考点】本题考查含有介词的定语从句。
【解析】本句主语是the house，后跟一定语从句（which）I grow up in, 谓语是两个并列的现在完成时的被动语态。定语从句前省略了引导词which, which 在从句中作介词in的宾语， which引导的定语从句只能放在从句之首。答案是B。
【翻译】我从小在那儿长大的那座房子被拆了，代之以一栋办公楼。
【扩展】本句还考查了动词短语grow up“长大成人”, take down“拆毁”, replace by“更换，替换”及现在完成时的被动语态。
【脱口而出】
grow up I grew up in a village in Northeast China. 我是在中国东北的一个农村长大的。
take down We’ll have to take the house down because it is too old. 这房子太老了，我们将必须将它拆掉。
replaced by We’ve replaced the old camera with/by a new digital one.我们用新的数码相机更换了旧的相机。
7. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ___ __ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.（2009年天津卷14题）
A. as B. which C. when D. though
【考点】as引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解析】as和which都可以引导分限制性定语从句指代整个主句。as从句中有“正如，就像”的意思，而which无此意。类似的句子：That village lives in a lonely valley, as many people think. 正如许多人想象的那样，那个村庄位于一个偏僻的山谷。另外，as 引导的从句可放于句首，而which引导的只能放于句末。答案选A。
【翻译】我每天乘坐便捷铁路到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津市商业区的商人一样。
【扩展】本句主句是一简单句，从句当中还有一定语从句who live in downtown Tianjin 做businessmen的定语。as 放在句首引导定语从句很常用。如：As was natural, my father retired when he was sixty.我父亲六十岁时退休了，这是很自然的事。
【脱口而出】
as is known to us all As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.（2008年江西卷35题）
A. where B. when C. who D. which
【考点】where引导的定语从句。
【解析】该句的先行词是cases，定语从句被will be introduced to readers隔开，where consumer complaints 是cases定语从句，当point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词引导定语从句。关系副词where在定语从句中做状语。cases同时做have resulted in changes in the law 的主语。该句结构较复杂，如分析清楚将发现定语从句部分并不复杂。答案是A。
【翻译】在这章后面将把由消费者投诉导致法律方面的改变的案例介绍给读者。
【扩展】本句中还考查了将来时的被动语态和常用动词短语“result in”“导致，造成”。例句：Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
“introduce to”“介绍，引见”，I introduced John to Mary last year, and now they’re married.我去年介绍John和Mary认识，现在他们结婚了。
【脱口而出】
introduce Let me introduce myself, my name is Mary. 自我介绍一下，我叫Mary。
result in The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。
9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example.(2008年四川卷4题)
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
【考点】含有“介词+关系代词”的定语从句。
【解析】介词of 表示“其中”，which先行词是many cities。答案为C。
【翻译】世界上许多城市已没有地方进一步扩延，其中纽约就是一个例子。
【扩展】本句中还考查了there is no room to“没有地方…”和常用动词短语“spread out”“（使）扩延，（使）广布”，例句：The news of plane crash soon spread out widely. 飞机失事的消息很快就广泛地传开了。
【脱口而出】
there is no room to There is hardly room to breathe in here.这儿挤的都没有喘气的地方了。
spread out In the past five years, Beijing City has spread out rapidly in all directions.在过去五年里，北京市向四面八方迅速的扩展。
10. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ___ it got any better.（2009年北京卷31题）
A. when B. how C. why D. if
【考点】if 引导的宾语从句。
【解析】本句主句是两个并列句，由but连接。if引导的从句做see的宾语。if表示“是否”。答案选D。
【解析】开始时他讨厌这份新工作，但决定给自己几个月的时间看看是否会好转。
【扩展】本句中还考查了but连接的并列句, 和动词不定式decide to, give sb some time to。例句：After a long time of thinking, he decided to go abroad to learn music.经过长时间思考，他决定到国外学音乐。Give him enough time to get home before you telephone.等他到了家，你再打电话给他。
【脱口而出】
but He is very old but he is in good health. 他年纪很大，但很健康。
give sb some time to I’ll give you 24 hours to make a decision.我给你24小时的时间做决定。
decided to We couldn’t decide which one to buy.我们不能决定买哪一个。He decided to get married. 他决定结婚。
11. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.(2009年湖南卷28题)
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【考点】宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】do后为宾语从句，引导词whatever（无论如何）同时又做从句中takes（需要）的宾语，to save her life 是从句中真正的主语，it是形式主语。类似的句式：It took ten men to break the door down. 用十个人才把那扇门拆掉。答案：C。
【翻译】她对我们非常珍贵，我们要不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。
【扩展】本句还考查了be prepared to do sth“愿意做某事” 的用法。例句：I’m not prepared to listen to all your weak excuse. 我不愿意听你说这些站不住脚的借口。save one’s life挽救某人的生命 The doctor managed to save the patient’s life.医生设法挽救病人的生命。
【脱口而出】
be prepared to I’m prepared to help you whenever you need.无论何时，我都愿意帮助你。
It takes… to do sth It takes a lot of courage to do a thing like that.做那种事得有极大的勇气。
12. Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life' s most important decision -- marriage -- almost entirely up to luck.（2009年江苏卷34题）
A. as B. that C. which D. what
【考点】宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】what could be life’s most important decision是一宾语从句做动词leave 的宾语，同时引导词需在从句中作主语，只能选what。主句主语是many young people谓语are expected to是被动语态，后面跟的是动词不定式。答案：D。
【翻译】在西方人们相信许多年轻人把生命中最重要的事情如婚姻交由运气。
【扩展】本题还考查了expecte to“相信，预料”的用法，例句：They are expected to make a decision later on today.预料他们晚些时候会做出决定。leave… to…“把…留给”例句：I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets. 我将把买票的事留给你去办。
【脱口而出】
expect to I fully expected to see them—they come every year.我完全相信会看到他们，他们每年都来。
leave…to… Don’t leave anything to chance.办什么事都不要靠运气。
up to “Shall we go out ” “It’s up to you.”“我们出去好吗？”“那由你决定了”
13. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.（2008年北京卷30题）
A. which B. that C. what D. who
【考点】主语从句的引导词。
【解析】该句主语是the companies谓语是are working 进行时后跟动词不定式to create, create 后整个是一宾语从句做它的宾语，这一宾语从句中的主语由一个主语从句what they hope担当。类似表达：I believe what he told me is true. 我相信他告诉我的是真的。答案：C。
【翻译】这些公司正进行合作，努力创造出他们心目中21世纪最好的交通工具。
【扩展】该题除考查从句外，还考查了means of “方法，手段”；by all means“当然，完全可以”；by means of “使用，应用”；by no means“决不”。
means of The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通工具是飞机。
by all means “May I borrow your paper ”“By all means”“我可以借你的报纸吗？”“完全可以。”
by means of We express our thoughts by means of words.我们用词句来表达思想。
by no means It is by no means of certain. 完全难以肯定。
14. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.（2009年天津卷7题）
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】该句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句做真正主语，that在从句中不做句子成分。类似的表达：It was obvious that the pilot could not control his plane.很明显，飞行员控制不了飞机。
【翻译】很明显，对于学生来他们应为将来做好充分准备。
15. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008年福建卷27题）
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】该句是一主语从句。注意跟as引导的非限制性定语从句的的区别，比较下面的句子： As is known to us all, the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London.众所周知，2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行。答案：B。
【翻译】众所周知，2008年奥运会将在北京举行。
【扩展】该句还考查了动词短语take place“发生，举行”和be known to“为某人所熟知”。
take place The meeting will take place soon. 会议即将举行。An accident took place at this cross three years ago. 这个十字路口三年前发生过一起交通事故。
be known to He is known to the police.(=as a criminal)他是警察所熟知的罪犯。
16. _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(2008年山东卷23题)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
【考点】主语从句。
【解析】选项要引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故选C。另外，she told me 是一插入语。important常构成一个句型It is important for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事时重要的”。
It is important for sb to do sth It’s important for people to learn to read.人们学习阅读是重要的。
17. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait for her mother. （2009年山东卷28题）
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【考点】表语从句。
【解析】remain 是一系动词，后跟一表语从句，由where引导，表示地点，且在从句中做表语。另外，该句主语里who got lost是一定语从句，先行词是the little girl。答案：A。
【翻译】迷路的小女孩决定停在原地，等她的母亲。
【扩展】该句还考查了系动词remain停留，留下和动词短语wait for等待。
【脱口而出】
remain She remained at home to look after the children when her husband went out.丈夫外出时，她留在家里照顾孩子。
wait for Don’t wait dinner for me; I shall be late.别等我吃饭，我要晚点来。
18. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.（2008年山东卷12题）
A. where B. how C. when D. why
【考点】表语从句。
【解析】本题考查表语从句，先行词是the last time引导词指时间，且在从句中做时间状语。另外，本句主语是the last time, we had great fun是一定语从句，修饰主语。答案：C。
【翻译】最后一次玩得很开心是在浏览水上公园的时候。
【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语have great fun玩得很开心。
【脱口而出】
have great fun You'll sure to have great fun at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩得很开心。
19.
20. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.（2009年江西卷33题）
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【考点】同位语从句。
【解析】先行词为the fact, 同位语从句是对the fact的解释。答案：C。
【翻译】这些年地球变得越来越暖这一事实使许多科学家担忧。
【扩展】本题还考查了worry使烦恼，使焦虑和动词短语become warmer and warmer变得越来越暖的用法。例句：The increasingly poor quality of his work is beginning to worry his teachers.他的功课越来越差，老师因而开始着急起来。
【脱口而出】
worry What worries her most is the health of her son.她最担心的是她儿子的健康。
become In autumn, the weather in Beijing is becoming cooler and cooler.
21. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009年 四川卷7题)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【考点】同位语从句。
【解析】先行词为news，同位语从句是对news的解释、说明。答案：C。
【翻译】学校办公室传来王琳被北京大学录取的消息。
【扩展】本题还考查了动词短语be admitted to允许入内，被入取。例句：He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns.他由于烧伤，被送入院治疗。此外，admit（to）意思是“承认（坏事）”; admit可以跟动名词，从句，动词不定时做宾补。
admit（to） He admitted his guilt/admitted to the murder.他承认犯了罪/谋杀罪。
admit +vn He admitted stealing the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。
admit+(that) He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。
admit +obj +to The fuel leak is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble. 燃油泄漏被确认是造成这次灾难的原因。
基本要点梳理
定语从句
1、 概述
在复合句中，由一个句子来修饰某一名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句可以紧跟先行词，如：A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.如果一个人的账户满了就不能再发或收邮件。也可以根据特殊需要而跟先行词分隔，如：There was a lady there who was singing an English song. 那儿有一位女士，她在唱一首英文歌。
2、 常用连接词及其用法
引导词可分为关系代词that，which，who（whom，whose）, as和关系副词where，when，why.它们既起连接作用，又在从句中做状语。
1 that的用法
1.1 当先行词是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, much, none, all时，常用that。
I’ve forgotten everything (that ) I learn at school.
1.2 先行词是数词时，只能用that。
He bought two birds yesterday. Now I can see the two that are singing in the cage.
1.3 先行词既有人又有物事，只能用that。
He was watching the people and luggage that filled the car.
1.4 先行词序数词或被序数词修饰或者是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
The first English novel that I read was Jane Eyre.
David is the tallest boy that I have ever seen in the school.
1.5 先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只能用that。
The only thing that I need to do is to buy a ticket.
现在我唯一需要做的事是买票。
1.6 如果有两个从句，其中一个用关系代词which, 另一个用关系代词that, 以避免重复。
He bought a new car, which was made in Japan, that I have never seen before.
他买了一辆日本产的新车，我以前从未见过。
1.7 当主句是there be 结构，如主语是物，修饰其主语的定语从句用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to David.
书桌上那本书是大卫的。
1.8 当who引导的特殊疑问句中，先行词指人时，用that。
Who is the little girl that is standing under the tree.
在树下站着的那位小女孩是谁？
1.9 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，常用that。
She is not the women that she was.她已经不再是以前的那个她了。
2 which 的用法
2.1 当关系代词前有介词时
The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 我从小长大的那座房子被拆掉并建成了一栋办公楼。
2.2 引导非限制性定语从句时，可代表先行词或者前面整个句子。which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
The old building, which was a library twenty years ago, is going to be taken down. 20年前是一图书馆那栋旧楼，将被拆了。
Mary won the first prize, which made us very happy.
Mary荣获一等奖，这使我们很高兴。
2.3 先行词为that, those且指物时。
What are those which were put in the truck.
放在卡车里的那些东西是什么？
2.4 如果有两个从句，其中一个用关系代词which, 另一个用关系代词that, 以避免重复。
Let me show you the book that I just bought from the book shop which is near our school.让我给你看看我刚从我们学校附近的书店买的那本书。
3 who 的用法
3.1 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those等，只用who。
Anyone who goes out in this weather must be crazy.
谁在这样的天气出去一定是疯了。
Those who dare to disobey the traffic rules will be punishment.
那些竟敢不遵守交通规则的人将会受到惩罚。
3.2 there be 结构中，先行词指人时，只用who.
There is a little girl under the tree who is reading a book.
树下有个女孩在读书。
3.3 引导非限制性定语从句。
The lady, who is sitting on my right, said she is a doctor.
坐在我右边的那位女士说她是位医生。
3.4 先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时，只用who。
I met a friend of my brother’s in the zoo yesterday who has just come back from Australia. 我昨天在动物园遇见我哥哥的一位朋友，他刚从澳大利亚回来。
3.5 为避免重复或引起歧义，当句子中有两个定语从句，一个用that时，另一个用who。
The man that help me with my English is our new English teacher who has just graduated from the university.帮我学英语的人是我们新英语老师，他刚从大学毕业。
3.6 当先行词是I，you, he, they等时（常用于谚语之中）。
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。
4 when 的用法
when是关系副词，在定语从句中做时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
Mary will never forget the happy time when she lived in the countryside. Mary将永远忘不了她住在乡下的快乐时光。
5 when 的用法
where是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语。
This is the village where I was born.这是我出生的村庄。
The school where his father teaches is in the east of the city. 他父亲任教的那所学校在城市的东部。
I’m looking for a new job, one where I get a little more job satisfaction.我正在寻找一份新工作，一份从其中能得到更大满足感的工作。
6 why 的用法
why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
There are the reasons why we do it.这是我们这样做的原因。
He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was absent.他不能为他的旷课给老师一个很好的理由。
名词性从句
1、 概述
名词性从句包括同位语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句，对于名词性从句考查一般是对连接词的选择，首先从结构上要做出清楚的判断，就容易从选项中选出答案。特别要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对先行词的补充说明，连接词不做从句的成分。而定语从句连接词在从句中作句子成分。
2、 同位语从句
很多名词后跟一从句说明其内容，该从句就是同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词如：fact, news, report, idea, promise, thought, reply, information, possibility, feeling, word, story, doubt, remark等。连接词为that, whether, why, who, why, where, how, when等。
I heard the news that he has gone to Shanghai. 我听到消息，他去上海了。
I have no idea why she left. 我不知道他为什么走了。
Whoever has helped the drowning girl is worth praising. 无论是谁帮助救那溺水的女孩都值得赞扬。
特别要注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对先行词的补充说明，连接词不做从句的成分。而定语从句连接词在从句中作句子成分。
3、 主语从句
由一个句子来做主句的主语的句子是主语从句。连接词有从属连词that, whether, if; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when，where, how, why及“疑问词+ever”等。
That we’ll praise the boy for his good behavior is certain. 我们将表扬这个男孩的好行为是确定无疑的。
Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter too much. 他是否要来关系并不太大。
4、 3. 宾语从句
由一个句子来做宾语的是宾语从句。宾语从句有that（宾语从句是陈述句时）、if/whether（宾语从句是一般疑问句式）、what/who/where/how（宾语从句是一特殊疑问句）引导的宾语从句，从句的语序都是陈述句的语序。
We suspected that it was a trick to get our money. 我们疑心这是骗我们钱的圈套。
I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favour. 不知你是否介意帮我一个忙。
Can you tell me how I can get to Beihai Park, please 请问您能告诉我怎样到北海公园吗？
Please call me whenever you need my help. 如需我的帮助，请随时打电话。
5、 表语从句
由一个句子来做表语的叫做表语从句。表语从句有that，whether，as if; 疑问代词who, what, which; 疑问副词when, where, how, why等引导。
The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there everyday. 好莱坞是个拍电影的好地方，原因是那里天天有太阳。
My first question is whether Tom is our guide or not. 我第一个问题是是否Tom是我们的导游。
That is what he was worried about. 那就是他所担忧的。
That is the reason why he speaks English so fluently. 那就是他英语说得非常流利的原因。
6、 难点，易混点解析
1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，从句跟主句关系密切，不能去掉，写时不可用逗号隔开。
He found the bicycle that he lost one month ago.他找到了一个月前丢的自行车。
How do you apologize to your friend whose book you lost 你怎样向那位你弄丢了人家的书的那位朋友道歉。
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，跟主句关系不是很密切，如果去掉，主句意思仍很清楚。这种从句常用逗号跟主句分开。
David，whom I met yesterday, is from Canada.
Guilin, where I visited twice, is very beautiful.
2 选择关系代词还是关系副词
当引导词在句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词。
July 1 is the day that/which is important in my life.七月一日是我一生中重要的一天。（先行词day指时间，引导词that/which在定语从句中做主语。）
I still remember the day when we met for the first time.我仍然记得我们初次相遇的那一天。（引导词when在定语从句中作状语。）
This is the park that/which we visited last year. 这是我们去年参观的公园。（that/which在从句中作宾语。）
I still remember the place where I grow up.我仍然记得我长大的那个地方。（where作状语）
Did you hear the reason (that/which) David explained to us 你听到大卫给我们解释的原因了吗？ (先行词是reason,引导词that/which在定语从句中做宾语。)
At last, he told us the reason why he was later for the school. 最终他告诉了我们他上学迟到的原因。（引导词why在定语从句中做状语。）
They are strongly against the way (that/in which) you solved the problem.他们很不赞成你解决问题的方法。（先行词是way的定语从句，引导词是that或which,也可以省略。）
3 选which还是as
which和as 都可引导非限制性定语从句，都可修饰整个主句，放在主句后面。
He climbed the Great Wall yesterday, as/which had been one of his dreams.
as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，which则不可。
As is known to us all, Mark Twain is one of the greatest writers in U.S.A.众所周知，马克·吐温是美国最伟大的作家之一。
As was natural, he retired when she was fifty-five. 她55岁退休了，这是很自然的事。
as 在从句中有“正如，就像”的意思，which没有。
That village lies in a valley, as many people think.正如许多人想象的那样，那个村庄在山谷。
当前面有such修饰先行词时，常用as引导定语从句。
We have such grapes as you never saw.我们有你从未见过的葡萄。
Such money as he earned was spent on tobacco.他正的那点钱都花在烟上了。
We hope to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.我们希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。
4 当point, case, stage, job, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词引导定语从句。
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些成功的失聪舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一种其中视力比听力重要的活动。
5 选whether还是if
whether 和if 都当“是否”讲，口语中引导宾语从句时可互换，如：
Mary asked me whether/if Jane would attend the meeting. Mary问我Tom是否会参加该会议。
但其区别是考查的重点：
5.1 whether 可以引导位于句首的主语从句，if不可；但如果用it作形式主语，whether，if都可用。whether 可与or not直接连用，if不可，若放在句尾，则都可。
Whether he will come or not is not important.
It’s not important whether/if he will come or not. 他是否回来并不重要。
Please tell me whether or not you agree.
Please tell me whether/if you agree or not. 请告诉我你是否同意。
5.2 whether可引导表语从句，if不可。
The question is whether she is the best person for the job. 问题是她是否是这项工作最合适的人。
5.3 whether 可引导同位语从句，if不可。
You have to answer my question whether you will take me to Italy during the summer holidays. 你得回答我的问题：暑假你是否可以带我到意大利。
5.4 whether 引导的从句可以充当介词的宾语，而if 不可。
When I was in my friend’s home, I didn’t know whether to answer the telephone.
5.5 whether可引导从句充当介词宾语，if不可。
It depends on whether they will come tonight.
这完全取决于他们今晚是否会来。
5.6 whether与or构成固定结构引导让步状语，if不可。
Tom is sure to arrive, whether he comes by bus or by train.
不管是坐火车还是公交，Tom肯定要来。
命题趋势预测
1、 考点预测
定语从句、名词性从句是历年高考必考的知识点，主要出现在单项选择中。也是英语中常用的句式，在高考完形填空和阅读理解中常常会遇到。掌握之在单项选择和阅读理解中都会很有帮助。近五年高考试题中对定语从句的考查一般有两种情况：一是比较明显的，从上下文中很容易做出判断、选出答案；二是不太明显的（如分隔的定语从句、含有关系代词和关系副词选项易引起混淆的定语从句及特殊句式中的定语从句等），需要仔细审题，才能做出判断、选出答案。名词性从句中也会有一个或两个题，2010年高考对定语、名词性从句的考查预计不会出此范围，牢固掌握各引导词的具体用法，是得分的把握。现把预测的2010年高考考点总结如下，供考生复习备考使用。
1. 考查关系代词、关系副词引导的定语从句。
2. 考查as引导的定语从句。
3. 考查非限制性定语从句。
4. 考查where引导的定语从句。
5. 考查同位语、主语、宾语、表语从句，尤其是whether引导的从句。
2、 考点预测题
1. They felt such heat this summer they had never felt before.
A. which B. that C. as D. where
【考点】本题考查定语从句的连接词。
【解析】因为先行词前有such修饰，故只能选as引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】今年夏天他们感受到了以前从未感受过的炎热。
2. This morning some gift arrived, for I know I have to thank you.
A. that B. whom C. which D. as
【考点】本题考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】因为选项前有介词for，且先行词gift是物，故只能选which引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】今年早上送来了一件礼物，对此我知道我得感谢你。
3. His daughters, all of study abroad, ring him up every weekend.
A. them B. that C. whom D. whose
【考点】本题考查非限制性定语从句。
【解析】因为选项前有介词of，且先行词daughters是人，故只能选whom（作介词of的宾语）引导的定语从句。答案选C。
【翻译】他的女儿都在国外上学，每周末都给他打电话。
4. You have my promise he will support the plan.
A. which B. that C. as D. but
【考点】本题考查同位语从句。
【解析】promise属抽象名词，从句是对先行词promise的解释，连接词that在从句中不做句子成分。答案选B。
【翻译】我保证他会支持这项计划。
5. _______we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
A. that B. what C. who D. whom
【考点】本题考查主语从句。
【解析】从句中可判断选项处在从句中作宾语，所以应用what引导。注意后面的平行结构what we already have。而 that引导的主语从句放在句首，强调从句的内容，不做从句句子成分。答案选B。
【翻译】我们得不到的东西似乎比得到的东西要好。
6. Tom thought it good _______ people in the big cities live in the countryside during the holidays.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【考点】本题考查宾语从句。
【解析】句中it是形式宾语，形容词good作it的宾语补足语。真正主语是that引导的宾语从句。答案选D。
【翻译】Tom认为大城市的人假期住在乡下好。
7. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That’s ______the best jobs are.
A. where B. what C. when D. why
【考点】本题考查表语从句。
【解析】上文有一地点名词downtown，连接词where代替上文的地点，且在从句中作表语。答案选A。
【翻译】为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，Bob？那里有最好的工作。
8. Having checked the doors were closed, and ______all the lights were off, the boy open the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D where
【考点】本题考查宾语从句。
【解析】the door were closed 和all the lights were off都作check的宾语从句，第一句宾语从句the doors were closed前的连接词that可以省略, 后一宾语从句连接词that不可省略。答案选B。
【翻译】检查完门已关好，所有灯都熄灭之后，这男孩才打开门到他的卧室。
9. ______ the accident happened has not been known.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
【考点】本题考查主语从句。
【解析】从句子的意思判断，可知是选项处应是如何、怎样的意思，应由连接副词how引导，且连接词在从句中作状语。其它选项都是连接代词。答案选D。
【翻译】事故是怎样发生的还不知道。
10. He is no longer ______ he used to be.
A. what B. that C. which D. whom
【考点】本题考查表语从句。
【解析】选项处在从句中做表语，所以应由关系代词what引导， what可指某一或某种未知的事物或人，如：What’s your new boss like 你新老板是一个什么样的人？答案选A。
【翻译】他已经不是过去的他了。
典型习题演练
1. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009年 湖南卷26题 )
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
2. They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising （2009年辽宁卷23题）
A. that B. when C. what D. which
3. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（2009年山东卷24题）
A. who B. which C. when D. that
4. I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.（2009年浙江卷14题）
A. which B. where C. how D. why
5. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（2009年重庆卷34题）
A. why B. what C. that D. where
6. All the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
7. The Science Museum, _______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
8. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, __ _ was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
9. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
10. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there C. which D. when
11. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, __________ they learn simple games and songs.
A. then B. there C. while D. where
12. It is reported that two schools，________ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which
13. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
A. that B. which C. who D. where
14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
15. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which B. as C. why D. where
16. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
17. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
18. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them
C. none of whom D. neither of whom
19. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
20. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．（2006年安徽，29题）
A. if B. when C. that D. which
21. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
22. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what B. that C. which D. one
23. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
24. See the flags on top of the building That was______ we did this morning.（2006年全国，23题）
A. when B. which C. where D. what
25. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.（2006年全国）
A. where B. when C. how D. what
26. ---Mom, what did the doctor say
---He advised mo to live______ the air is fresher.（2006年四川）
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
27. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006年江苏，35题）
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
28. ---Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---Yes，there's one point we must insist on．（2006年江西33题）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
29. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006年江苏29题)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
30. You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
答案与解析：
1. 解析：该题考查引导词在从句中作定语的定语从句。因为name是一名词，
故选whose作name定语。例句：A new computer, whose low cost will make it very attractive to students will be sold in our school.一种价格低廉的新型计算机对学生会很有吸引力将在我们学校售出。答案选D。
翻译：我出生在路易斯安那州的新奥尔良，它的名字会在我脑海中产生一幅美丽的树木和青草的图画的城市。
2. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，which代表前面整个主句。答案选D。
翻译：他们连续赢得最后三场比赛的胜利，对这一点我感到吃惊。
3. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，which代表前面I met her。答案选B。
注：which引导定语从句时可代表前面一个词，也可代表前面整个或部分句子。
翻译：无论何时遇见她，那是很经常的事，她总会笑着问候我。
4. 解析：该题考查定语从句的连接词，point是表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，且从句中缺少状语，要用副词where引导。reach a point指“到了…情况/程度”。答案选B。
翻译：在我的生命中已到必须该自己做决定（时候/程度）了。
5. 解析：该题考查定语从句的连接词， race是表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，故选where。答案选D。
翻译：生活就像一次长跑，我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己。
6. 解析：该题考查定语从句。先行词family是一表示抽象地点的名词，且连接词在从句中作状语。答案选B。
翻译：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，父母待他们的孩子像朋友。
7. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。连接词在从句中作宾语，故选which。答案选A。
翻译：我们最近的英国之旅期间参观的科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游热点之一。
8. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。which代替整个主句。答案选C。
翻译：那儿的道路状况原来非常好，这点远远超出了我们的预料。
9. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词car故选which。答案选D。
翻译：昨天她把车买了，那是一个月前刚买的。
10. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Washington为一地点名词，故选where。答案选A。
翻译：他们将飞往华盛顿，计划在那待两三天。
11. 解析： 该题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词a day care center 为一地点名词，故选where。答案选D。
翻译：一些学龄前儿童到日托管中心，在那里他们学习简单的游戏和歌曲。
12. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，因先行词为two school，故选both of which。答案选D。
翻译：据报道，正在我家乡建造的两所学校，明年将开放（招生）。
13. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。答案选B。
翻译：在贝克大街上的Chan的饭店，过去经营很差劲，现在生意很成功。
14. 解析：该题考查含有介词的定语从句，to表示“关于，对于”。答案选B。
翻译：人类的面目表情跟动物的在成度上有很大的不同，对此，它们可以被 目的所控制。
15. 解析：该题考查限制性定语从句。先行词cases是一表示抽象地点的名词。答案选D。
翻译：今天我们将讨论英语初学者不能正确使用该语言的一些情况。
16. 解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句，which代替前面整个主句。答案选A。
翻译：他曾在当地的高中就读，那之后他去了北京大学。
17. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是by serving others, 先行词和从句之间被一同位语隔开。答案选B。
翻译：通过服务别人，人关注的是别人而不是他或她自己，能大开眼界且很有意义。
18. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句，由于先行词only two people 指两人，所以定语从句中用neither of whom。答案选D。
翻译：上周只有两个人来看房，且两人中无一人想买。
19. 解析：该题考查分隔的定语从句，先行词the village 是一地点，故选where连接的定语从句。答案选D。
翻译：我们两年前学习农事的那个村庄已在很大程度上得到发展。
20. 解析：该题考查同位语从句。先行词thought是一抽象名词，that引导的从句是对先行词的解释说明。答案选C。
翻译：我突然有一种强烈的想法就是用零花钱为母亲的生日买些花。
21. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what。答案选A。
翻译：当孩子们被问到他们最需要什么时，他们说他们想要感到有价值和被爱。
22. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what，从句做介词from的宾语。答案选A。
翻译：一些孩子想要学习一种跟他们的父母在家里所说不同的语言来挑战自己。
23. 解析：该题考查宾语从句，连接词在从句中需做宾语，故选连接代词what，从句做介词of的宾语。答案选C。
翻译：重庆人为他们在过去的十年所取得的成就而自豪。
24. 解析：该题考查表语从句。连接词what在标语从句中作宾语。答案选D。
翻译：看到楼顶上那些旗了吗？那是今天早晨我们干的。
25. 解析：该题考查宾语从句。从句做remind 的宾语。答案选B。
翻译：请提醒我他说他什么时间走来着，我可以及时为他送行。
26. 解析该题考查宾语从句。从句做live的宾语。如果改句变为He advised me to live in the place where the air is fresher. 也正确，该句中where the air is fresher 是定语从句，修饰the place。答案选：D。
翻译：妈妈，医生怎么说？医生建议我住在空气更清新的地方。
27. 解析： 该题考查宾语从句。从句中不缺句子成分，且意思上跟question有关，排除B、D，从句做介词of 的宾语，只能由whether引导。答案选C。
翻译：我们还没有决定对于他是否有必要到国外学习这件事情。
28. 解析：该题考查同位语从句。that 引导同位语从句有时可省略。如：There is some possibility (that) he may be late. 他有可能晚到。答案选D。
翻译：--有什么为自己要说的吗？--是的，只有一点，我们必须坚持。
29. 解析：该题考查非限制性定语从句。答案选D。
翻译：这家电影院的主人需要做很大的改进且雇佣更多的人以保持它运营，那意味着要花费成千上万英镑。
30. 解析：该题考查宾语从句和定语从句。该题的前半部分介词of后是一宾语从句，连接词what在从句中作宾语。后半部分考查一定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，应由that引导，that可省略。答案选B。
翻译：你只能把握目前所拥有的东西，不能把握将来可能得到的东西。
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