外研版八年级英语上册 Module 11 Way of life Unit 2 In England, you usually drink tea with milk.教案

Module
11
Way
of
life教案
I.
Teaching
objectives
教学目标
技能目标
听
Listen
for
what
you
must
and
mustn’t
do;
you
can
do;
you
need
…
说
Ask
and
answer
about
customsSay
what
you
must
and
mustn’t
do;
you
can
do;
you
need
…
读
Read
the
passage
to
know
what
you
must
and
mustn’t
do;
you
can
do;
you
need
…
写
Write
advice
about
customs
and
rules
in
ChinaWrite
advice
for
foreign
guests
to
a
Chinese
family
语言目标
功能句式
I
don’t
think
I
should
open
it
now.People
say
you
mustn’t
do
any
cleaning
on
the
first
day…And
you
mustn’t
break
anything.You
must
only
use
old
paper
for
Hongbao…You
can’t
be
serious.You
needn’t
wait.You’d
better
not
cut
your
hair
during
the
Spring
Festival
month.You
must
say
Mr.
and
Mrs.
when
you
meet
someone
for
the
first
time.You
can
just
use
their
first
names.You
can
buy
it
and
eat
it
in
special
fish…You
can
take
it
away
and
eat
it
with
your
finger!At
the
bus
stop
you
must
not
push
your
way
onto
the
bus.You
need
to
stand
in
a
line
behind
the
other
people
and
wait
your
turn.
词汇
1.
重点词汇chess,
set,
chopsticks,
video,
gift,
surprise,
immediately,
difference,
accept,
tradition,
example,
must,
serious,
taste,
experience,
sandwich,
shoulder
3．短语do
some
cleaning,
wash
up,
hang
on,
video
game,
for
example
语法
Must/mustn’t,
can/can’t,
need
Ⅱ.
Teaching
materials
analyzing
教材分析
本单元以Way
of
life为话题，设计了三个单元的内容。旨在通过单元教学使学生学会谈论不同国家和地区的风俗习惯；了解英国的风俗；学会表达“应该与不应该做的事情”；能就中国的风俗习惯进行写作；能给外宾提供一些建议，使他们了解中国的风俗习惯。
Unit
1
听录音，对照图片学习一些物品的名称，听录音并读对话，从送礼物引出不同国家的不同的风俗习惯，初步了解must,
mustn’t,
can,
can’t的用法。
Unit
2
学习关于英国的一些风俗习惯的课文，结合图画更好地理解课文；学习本单元重点词汇；用must,
mustn’t,
can,
can’t,
need来描述不同国家的不同的风俗习惯。写一篇介绍中国风俗的文章。
Unit
3
在练习中复现本单元重点词汇、句型和语法；读关于Tradition
presents的文章；为到中国的家庭做客的外国宾客提出一些建议。
Around
the
world
介绍了不同国家所送不同的礼物。
Module
task写短文给来中国做客的外国人提出建议。
III．Class
types
and
periods
课型设计与课时分配
Period
1
Listening
and
speaking
(Unit
1)
Period
2
Reading
and
writing
（Unit
2)
Period
3
Language
in
use
(Unit
3)
Ⅳ.Teaching
plans
for
each
period分课时教案
Period
1
Listening
and
speaking
Target
language
目标语言
1.
Words
&
phrases生词和短语
chess,
set,
chopsticks,
video,
gift,
surprise,
immediately,
difference,
accept,
tradition,
example,
must,
serious,
taste
2.
Key
sentences重点句子
I
don’t
think
I
should
open
it
now.
People
say
you
mustn’t
do
any
cleaning
on
the
first
day…
And
you
mustn’t
break
anything.
You
must
only
use
old
paper
for
Hongbao…
You
can’t
be
serious.
You
needn’t
wait.
Ability
goals
能力目标
Enable
students
to
listen
to
and
talk
about
things
they
must
and
mustn’t
do.
Teaching
important/difficult
points
教学重难点
The
usage
of
must,
mustn’t,
can,
can’t,
need
Teaching
methods教学方法
Task-based
learning.
Teaching
aids教具准备
A
projector
or
some
pictures,
a
tape
recorder.
Teaching
procedures
and
ways教学过程与方式
Step
I
Lead-in
In
this
procedure,
ask
students
to
learn
some
new
words
by
doing
activities
1
and
2.
T:
In
our
daily
life,
we
can’t
do
anything
without
the
help
of
certain
things.
For
example,
we
Chinese
eat
with
chopsticks,
we
look
up
new
words
in
a
dictionary,
etc.
Now
listen
to
the
tape
and
number
the
words
and
expressions
in
activity
1.
Play
the
tape
and
ask
students
to
repeat
these
words
and
expression
and
then
number
them
and
match
them
with
pictures.
Listen
again
and
fill
in
the
table.
Suggestions
for
Lingling's
present
Something
related
in
the
conversation
a
toy
too
old
for
a
toy
a
chess
set
to
play
chess
some
chocolate
to
eat
a
pair
of
chopsticks
to
eat
with
a
video
DVD
to
watch
a
baseball
cap
to
wear
on
her
head
a
dictionary
to
look
up
new
words
Step
II
Listening
In
this
procedure,
students
will
listen
and
read
a
dialogue.
Ask
them
to
do
pair
work
to
find
what
you
must
and
mustn’t/can’t
do
in
China.
T:
Today
is
Lingling’s
birthday.
Her
friends
bought
her
a
present.
Let’s
listen
to
the
dialogue.
From
the
dialogue,
we
know
some
different
traditions
in
China,
the
USA
and
Britain.
Now
listen
and
find
out.
After
listening,
ask
students
to
do
activity
3.
Then
ask
them
to
read
the
dialogue
and
finish
activity
4.
Check
the
answers
with
the
class.
Play
the
tape
and
have
the
students
read
and
follow.
Act
it
out.
Learn
Everyday
English.
Step
III
Explain
the
important
and
difficult
points
1.
Here’s
your
gift!
以here,
there等副词开头的句子，当其主语是名词时，该句通常使用倒装结构。但当其主语是代词时，
一般不倒装。如：
There
goes
the
bell.
铃响了。
Look!
Here
are
my
father
and
mother.
看!我的爸爸妈妈来了。
Here
she
comes!她来了！
2.
accept
accept
作动词,
意为“接受；答应”,
表示自愿、主动地接受,
常用于accept
sth.
/sb.结构。如：
The
boy
accepted
full
responsibility
for
breaking
the
window.
那男孩承担打碎窗户的全部责任。
I
had
thought
my
teacher
would
accept
the
present,
but
he
refused.
我原以为老师会接受礼物，但他拒绝了。
[拓展]
accept的反义词是refuse,
refuse作动词,
意为“拒绝,
回绝”,
常用于refuse
sth.
/
to
do
sth.结构。
I
refuse
to
answer
that
question.
我不愿回答那个问题。
[辨析]
receive,
accept
receive意为“收到”，表示客观的，accept意为“接受”，表示主观的。当accept
a
gift时，表示接受了礼物；而receive
a
gift时，只是收到了礼物，不一定接受。
He
received
a
gift,
but
he
didn’t
accept
it.
他收到了一件礼物，但他没有接受。
3.
do
some
cleaning
do
some
cleaning
意为“打扫卫生”，do
some
shopping意为“购物”。类似结构的短语还有:
do
some
washing
洗衣服
do
some
reading
读书
do
some
cooking
做饭
do
some
writing
写字
4.
had
better
had
better
意为“最好……”，表示劝告或建议。如：
You
had
better
see
about
rooms
for
us.
你最好替我们去问问有没有房间。
You
had
better
have
another
think.
你最好再想一想。
If
you
want
to
lighten
the
weight,
had
better
eat
little
bread.
如果你想减轻体重，最好少吃面包。
Step
IV
Pronunciation
and
speaking
In
this
procedure,
ask
students
to
listen
to
the
tape
and
pay
attention
to
the
sentences
and
then
make
up
conversations
in
pairs
to
practice
must,
mustn’t/can’t.
Ask
them
to
write
them
down
if
time
permits.
T:
In
the
dialogue,
there
are
some
sentences
containing
must,
mustn’
t/can’t.
They
show
that
you
are
told
to
do
something
or
not
to
do
something.
That’s
an
order.
You
can’t
break.
Help
students
find
the
sentences
out.
Then
play
the
tape
and
ask
students
to
listen
and
repeat
after
the
recording.
After
this,
ask
students
to
list
the
things
they
must
and
mustn’t/
can’t
do
in
the
given
situations
and
then
work
in
groups
and
say
the
things
out.
T:
In
our
daily
life,
there
are
many
things
we
must
or
mustn’t
do.
Think
over
and
make
a
list.
Let’s
see
whose
is
the
longest.
Sample
lists:
At
home:
You
must
wash
your
hands
when
you
enter
your
home.
You
must
help
your
mother
do
housework.
At
the
dinner
table:
You
must
wash
your
hands
before
having
a
meal.
You
mustn’t
talk
with
your
food
in
your
mouth.
At
school:
You
mustn’t
go
to
school
late.
You
must
hand
in
your
homework
in
time.
…
Step
V
Homework
1.
Ask
the
students
to
learn
and
remember
the
new
words
and
expressions
of
this
unit.
2.
Recite
the
conversation.
Period
2
Reading
and
writing
Target
language
目标语言
1.
Words
&
phrases生词和短语
experience,
sandwich,
shoulder
2.
Key
sentences重点句子
You’d
better
not
cut
your
hair
during
the
Spring
Festival
month.
You
must
say
Mr.
and
Mrs.
when
you
meet
someone
for
the
first
time.
You
can
just
use
their
first
names.
You
can
buy
it
and
eat
it
in
special
fish…
You
can
take
it
away
and
eat
it
with
your
finger!
At
the
bus
stop
you
must
not
push
your
way
onto
the
bus.
You
need
to
stand
in
a
line
behind
the
other
people
and
wait
your
turn.
Ability
goals
能力目标
Enable
students
to
read
and
write
a
passage
about
traditional
life
in
China.
Teaching
important/difficult
points
教学重难点
How
to
use
must,
mustn’t,
can
and
can’t.
Teaching
methods教学方法
Task-based
learning.
Teaching
aids教具准备
A
projector
or
some
pictures
and
some
small
pieces
of
paper,
a
tape
recorder
Teaching
procedures
and
ways教学过程与方式
Step
I
Revision
and
lead-in
In
this
procedure,
ask
students
to
talk
about
the
pictures
in
activity
1.
T:
As
we
know,
the
custom
and
traditional
life
is
different
in
different
countries.
Now
please
look
at
the
pictures
in
activity
1.
What
can
you
see
What
are
the
people
doing
Ask
the
students
to
say
the
words
and
write
them
down.
S:
In
picture
1,
there
are
two
people
standing
around
the
table.
They
are
having
afternoon
tea.
S:
In
picture
2,
there
are
two
man
at
the
bus
stop.
They
are
standing
in
a
line.
Then
ask
them
to
work
in
pairs
and
talk
about
some
actions.
What
must
we
do
What
mustn’t
we
do
Can
you
give
some
advice
Let’s
have
a
discussion
before
reading
the
passage.
Sample:
S:
When
you
greet
people,
you
should
first
say
hello
to
them
and
then
shake
hands
with
them.
But
don’t
kiss
when
you
are
in
England.
S:
When
we
have
a
tea
party
in
China,
we
can
talk
freely
and
eat
anything
we
like.
And
we
can
have
a
tea
party
anytime
anywhere.
S:
But
in
England,
you
can’t
have
tea
after
4:30,
and
can’t
drink
coffee
or
juice.
S:
Making
noise
is
impolite
in
China
when
having
a
meal.
But
in
Japan,
you’d
better
make
some
noise
to
show
that
you
like
the
food.
S:
Chinese
never
have
weddings
in
churches.
They
have
it
at
home.
Ask
some
students
to
have
a
report
in
front
of
the
class.
Step
II
Listening
and
reading
In
this
procedure,
ask
students
to
listen
and
read
the
passage.
Make
sure
which
sentences
describe
what
you
can
see
in
the
pictures.
T:
We
have
just
discussed
some
customs.
Let’s
come
to
activity
2
to
see
if
your
report
is
fit
for
the
true
fact.
Please
listen
to
the
tape
with
your
books
closed.
After
listening,
answer
a
question:
Which
ones
can
you
see
in
the
pictures
Play
the
tape
and
check
the
answers.
Then
ask
students
to
read
the
passage
and
activities
3
and
4.
Check
the
answers
with
the
class.
Speaking
Ask
students
to
read
the
passage
carefully
again
and
talk
about
the
differences
of
traditional
life
in
England
and
China.
T:
After
reading,
we
learned
that
there
are
some
differences
of
traditional
life
in
England
and
China.
What
are
the
differences
Now
work
in
pairs
and
have
a
talk.
Sample
dialogue:
S1:
What
are
the
differences
when
people
are
having
afternoon
tea
in
China
and
England
S2:
When
people
are
having
afternoon
tea,
you
can’t
have
tea
after
4:30,
and
can’t
drink
coffee
or
juice
in
England.
…
Ask
some
pairs
to
work
in
front
of
the
class.
Step
III
Explain
the
important
and
difficult
points
1.
…
enjoyed
my
stay
…
stay
既可作名词,
又可作动词,
常见的用法:
(1)
stay作名词时,
意为“逗留；停留”。
(2)
stay作动词时,
意为“停留在(某处)；留宿；保持”。如：
a
short
stay
in
hospital
短期住院
Could
you
stay
for
a
while
你能待一会儿吗
Will
you
stay
at
Paris
你会呆在巴黎吗
We
still
stay
in
touch.
我们仍然保持联系。
[拓展]
stay
也可作系动词,
后接形容词,
意为“维持(……的状态)；保持；继续”。如：
It
was
stormy
last
night.
They
stayed
awake
all
the
night.
[辨析
]
stay和keep
(1)表示“继续呆在某处”时，应该用不及物动词stay。如：
Shall
I
go
or
stay
Stay
indoors
for
a
few
days
until
you
recover
from
your
cold.
(2)表示“暂住、短期停留”时，只能用不及物动词stay。如：
He
is
staying
at
Hilton
Hotel.
My
mother-in-law
stayed
with
us
this
week
when
she
visited
us.
(3)表示“继续保持或处于某种状态”时，应视具体情况在上述动词中进行选择：
①表示“继续保持或处于原来的状态”时，可用stay。如：
The
door
stayed
closed.
But
the
police
themselves
prefer
to
stay
unarmed.
②表示“需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态”时，应用keep。如：
She
knew
she
must
keep
calm.
I
wish
those
children
would
keep
quiet.
Although
they
have
many
difficulties,
they
keep
happy.
Paul
managed
to
keep
awake
by
drinking
lots
of
strong
black
coffee.
③表示“使某人或某物保持某种状态”时，只能用及物动词keep。如：
She
had
kept
him
waiting
twenty
minutes
on
this
occasion.
Why
do
you
always
keep
your
windows
closed
Practice
Once
you
make
a
promise,
you
should
_____
it.
You
can
_____
at
home
and
watch
TV.
She
______
a
diary
for
over
twenty
years.
I
_______
late
at
the
party
last
night.
We're
all
_______
well.
(keep,
stay,
kept,
stayed,
keeping)
2.
…
not
…
but
…
not
…
but…意思是“不是……而是……”。如：
The
book
is
not
Xiao
Ming’s
but
mine.
这本书不是小明的而是我的。
I
was
wrong.
It
wasn’t
the
red
one
but
the
blue
one.
我弄错了，不是红色的而是蓝色的。
3.
on
time
on
time
准时;按时
You
must
get
to
the
station
on
time.
你必须准时赶到车站。
The
rain
kept
us
from
getting
there
on
time.
那场雨使我们不能准时到达那里。
[辨析]
in
time;
on
time
这两个词组都可表示“按时”。
in
time表示“及时”，指没有迟到、时间还充裕。
on
time表示“准时，按时”，指按规定的时刻，不早不晚。
有关time的短语
at
times
有时,
不时
in
time
及时
on
time
按时
at
the
time
当时
all
the
time
始终；一直
from
time
to
time
有时；偶尔；时常
have
no
time
for
没时间做（某事）
in
no
time
(at
all)
立刻；赶快；马上
keep
time（钟表）走得准
many
a
time
常常；多次
4.
…
the
woman
throws
her
flowers
…
throw作动词,
意为“投；掷；抛”,
其用法如下:
(1)
throw
sb.
sth.
向……
投……
(2)
throw
on
/
off
...
匆忙穿上(脱下)
……
(3)
throw
away
sth.
抛弃……
Throw
me
that
dictionary.
把那本词典扔给我。
He
got
up
late
so
he
threw
on
his
clothes
and
went
out.
他起得太迟，于是他匆忙穿上衣服就出去了。
He
threw
away
the
old
sofa.
他把旧沙发扔掉了。
Step
IV
Writing
In
this
procedure,
ask
students
to
write
a
passage
about
what
you
must,
mustn’t/can’t
do
in
China.
First
ask
them
to
answer
the
questions
in
activity
5.
Then
ask
students
to
write
the
passage
down.
Sample
version:
Advice
for
visitors:
traditional
life
in
China
The
Chinese
will
nod
or
bow
slightly
as
an
initial
greeting.
Handshakes
are
also
popular;
wait,
however,
for
your
Chinese
counterpart
to
initiate
the
gesture.
If
you
visit
a
school,
theater,
or
other
workplace,
it
is
likely
that
you
will
be
greeted
with
applause
as
a
sign
of
welcome.
In
turn,
you
should
respond
by
applauding
back.
The
Chinese
do
not
use
their
hands
when
speaking,
and
will
only
become
annoyed
with
a
speaker
who
does.
To
summon
attention,
turn
your
palm
down,
waving
your
fingers
toward
yourself.
Use
your
whole
hand
rather
than
your
index
finger
to
point.
The
Chinese,
especially
those
who
are
older
and
in
positions
of
authority,
dislike
being
touched
by
strangers.
Acknowledge
the
most
senior
person
in
a
group
first.
Smiling
is
not
as
noticeable
in
China,
since
there
is
a
heavy
emphasis
on
repressing
emotion.
Members
of
the
same
sex
may
hold
hands
in
public.
Public
displays
of
affection,
such
as
kissing,
between
the
sexes
are
frowned
upon.
Do
not
put
your
hands
in
your
mouth,
as
it
is
considered
vulgar.
When
in
public,
avoid
biting
your
nails,
removing
food
from
your
teeth,
and
similar
practices.
Blowing
your
nose
with
a
handkerchief
is
also
acceptable.
Step
V
Homework
Ask
students
to
Read
the
passage
repeatedly.
Period
3
Language
in
use
Target
language
目标语言
Key
sentences重点句子
You
must
say
Mr
or
Mrs
when
you
must
someone
for
the
first
time.
You
can
take
it
away.
You
mustn’t
break
anything.
You
needn’t
wait.
What
must
they
wear
What
mustn’t
they
talk
about
What
can’t
they
do
What
presents
can
they
bring
When
must
they
arrive
Ability
goals
能力目标
Enable
students
to
use
must,
mustn’t,
can
and
can’t,
need.
Teaching
important/difficult
points
教学重难点
How
to
use
must,
mustn’t,
can
and
can’t,
need.
Teaching
methods教学方法
Task-based
learning.
Teaching
aids教具准备
Some
pictures
and
a
tape
recorder.
Teaching
procedures
and
ways教学过程与方式
Step
I
Revision
and
lead-in
Check
the
homework.
Then
ask
students
to
listen
to
a
teenager
talking
about
his
life.
T:
As
a
teenager,
there
are
some
things
you
must
or
mustn’t/can’t
do.
Now
we’ll
listen
to
a
passage.
A
teenager
is
talking
about
his
life.
Listen
carefully
and
check
the
things
he
must
and
mustn’t
do.
Ask
students
to
listen
to
the
tape
and
choose
right
answers.
Then
ask
students
to
listen
again
and
answer
the
questions
in
activity
5.
Go
through
the
answers
with
the
students
and
play
the
tape
again
to
check
their
answers.
Step
II
Grammar
practice
Reviewing
the
use
of
must,
mustn’t,
can,
can’t
as
follows.
Show
the
following.
Must
You
use
must
to
talk
about
something
you're
strongly
advised
to
do.
You
often
use
it
when
you
talk
about
safety
instructions.
You
must
fasten
your
seat
belt.
Must
not,
(mustn't)
You
use
must
not,
(mustn't)
to
talk
about
something
you
aren't
allowed
to
do
or
you're
strongly
advised
not
to
do.
You
mustn't
lean
out
of
the
window.
Then
ask
students
to
do
activities
1,
2
and
3.
Check
the
answers
with
the
class.
Step
III
New
words
and
expressions
Learn
the
new
words
by
asking
students
to
do
activity
8.
T:
Let’s
play
a
game.
Guess
what
it
is!
Work
in
groups,
one
group
chooses
a
word
or
an
expressions
from
the
box
and
describe
it
to
the
class.
The
other
group
should
guess
the
words
or
expressions
in
turn.
The
one
who
got
it
will
win
the
game.
Then
ask
students
to
finish
activities
8.
Check
the
answers
with
class.
Step
IV
Module
task
In
this
procedure,
students
will
work
in
pairs
and
discuss
the
advice
for
foreign
guests
to
a
Chinese
family
and
then
write
the
advice
down.
Sample
notes:
The
Chinese
will
nod
or
bow
slightly
as
an
initial
greeting.
Handshakes
are
also
popular;
wait,
however,
for
your
Chinese
counterpart
to
initiate
the
gesture.
If
you
visit
a
school,
theater,
or
other
workplace,
it
is
likely
that
you
will
be
greeted
with
applause
as
a
sign
of
welcome.
In
turn,
you
should
respond
by
applauding
back.
Avoid
making
expansive
gestures
and
using
unusual
facial
expressions.
The
Chinese
do
not
use
their
hands
when
speaking,
and
will
only
become
annoyed
with
a
speaker
who
does.
Some
hand
gestures,
however,
are
necessary.
They
are
outlined
in
the
next
two
points.
To
summon
attention,
turn
your
palm
down,
waving
your
fingers
toward
yourself.
Use
your
whole
hand
rather
than
your
index
finger
to
point.
The
Chinese,
especially
those
who
are
older
and
in
positions
of
authority,
dislike
being
touched
by
strangers.
Acknowledge
the
most
senior
person
in
a
group
first.
Smiling
is
not
as
noticeable
in
China,
since
there
is
a
heavy
emphasis
on
repressing
emotion.
Members
of
the
same
sex
may
hold
hands
in
public.
Public
displays
of
affection,
such
as
kissing,
between
the
sexes
are
frowned
upon.
Do
not
put
your
hands
in
your
mouth,
as
it
is
considered
vulgar.
Consequently,
when
in
public,
avoid
biting
your
nails,
removing
food
from
your
teeth,
and
similar
practices.
Pushing
is
common
in
lineups.
Spitting
in
public
is
acceptable.
Blowing
your
nose
with
a
handkerchief
is
also
acceptable.
Dress
Code:
Casual
clothes
are
acceptable
everywhere,
although
smarter
clothes
can
gain
more
respect.
Revealing
clothes
should
be
avoided.
…
Give
the
students
a
few
minutes
to
the
advice.
Ask
some
students
to
read
their
passages
before
the
class.
Sample
advice:
You
must
bow
or
nod
when
you
greet
people.
You
mustn’t
touch
the
older.
You
must
use
your
whole
hand
rather
than
your
index
finger
to
point.
You
can’t
hold
hands
of
the
opposite
sex
in
public.
You
must
blow
your
nose
with
a
handkerchief.
Step
V
Homework
Ask
students
to
1.
Revise
this
Module.
2.
Finish
the
rest
activities
in
the
book.
Teaching
resources教学资源库
I.
重点知识详解
一、must的用法
1)
表示主观的义务和必要,
主要用于肯定句和疑问句,
意思为
“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have
to,
否定回答要用needn’t或don’t
have
to,
意思是“不必”；must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。
We
must
find
a
good
method
to
learn
computer
well.
我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法。
—Must
I
finish
the
task
right
now
我现在必须完成这个工作吗？
—Yes,
you
must.
/
Yes,
you
have
to.
是的。
(—No,
you
needn’t.
/
No,
you
don’t
have
to.
不，不必。)
You
mustn’t
come
here
without
permission.
未经允许，你不能来这儿。
2)
表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句中，意思为
“一定是,
必然……”。
Your
sister
must
be
a
doctor
in
this
hospital.（现在的猜测）
你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生。
He
must
be
reading
newspapers
in
the
reading
room
now.（正在进行的猜测）他此刻一定正在阅览室读报。
It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
wet.（过去的猜测）昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面上是湿的。
二、情态动词can的用法
can的否定形式为cannot，缩写形式为can't。
1)
表示能力，意思是：能，会。
I
can't
swim.
我不会游泳。
Can
you
drive？
你会开车吗？
注意：can表示能力可和be
able
to互换使用，且后者有更多的时态，be
able
to常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来或完成的概念。
They
will
be
able
to
run
this
machine
on
their
own
in
three
months.
他们过三个月就能自己开这台机器了。
2)
表示可能性，意思是：可以，可能。
That
big
cinema
can
seats
2,000
people.
那家大电影院能坐2000人。
He
can
be
very
friendly
at
times.有时他会很友好。
3)
表示允诺，意思是：可以，能够。
You
can
have
the
book
when
I
have
finished
it.书我看完了可以给你。
Can
I
use
your
pen？我可以用你的钢笔吗？
4)
表示惊异、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中），意思是：会，可能。
This
can't
be
true.
这不可能是真的。
Can
it
be
true？
这可能是真的吗？
II.
Customs
and
rules
in
England
The
British
are
said
to
be
reserved
in
manners,
dress
and
speech.
They
are
famous
for
politeness,
self-discipline
and
especially
for
sense
of
humor.
Basic
politeness
(please,
thank-you,
excuse
me)
is
expected.
How
to
greet
people
British
people
are
quite
reserved
when
greeting
one
another.
Greeting
can
be
a
bright
“Hello”,
“Hi”
or
“Good
morning”,
when
you
arrive
at
work
or
at
school.
Terms
of
endearment
---
Names
we
may
call
you
You
may
be
called
by
many
different
“affectionate”
names,
according
to
which
part
of
the
Britain
you
are
in.
Do
not
be
offended,
this
is
quite
normal.
For
example,
you
may
be
called
dear,
flower,
love,
chick,
mate,
son,
madam,
miss,
sir,
according
to
your
sex,
age
and
location.
Visiting
people
in
their
houses
When
being
entertained
at
someone’s
home
it
is
nice
to
take
a
gift
for
the
host
and
hostess.
A
bottle
of
wine,
bunch
of
flowers
or
chocolates
are
all
acceptable.
Eating
We
eat
continental
style,
with
fork
in
the
left
hand
and
the
knife
in
the
right.
Do’s
and
Don’ts
in
England
Do
stand
in
line:
In
England
we
like
to
form
orderly
queues
(standing
in
line)
and
wait
patiently
for
our
turn
e.g.
boarding
a
bus.
It
is
usual
to
queue
when
required,
and
expected
that
you
will
take
correct
turn
and
not
push
in
front.
“queue
jumping”
is
frowned
upon.
Do
say
“Excuse
me”:
If
someone
is
in
you
way
and
you
would
like
them
to
move,
say
excuse
me
and
they
will
move
out
of
your
way.
Do
pay
as
you
go:
Pay
for
drinks
as
you
order
them
in
pubs
and
other
types
of
bars.
Do
say
“Please”
and
“Thank
you”:
It
is
very
good
manners
to
say
“please”
and
“thank
you”.
It
is
considered
rude
if
you
don’t.
whenever
you
will
notice
in
England
that
they
say
“thank
you”
a
lot.
Do
cover
your
mouth:
When
yawning
or
coughing
always
cover
your
mouth
with
your
hand.
Do
shake
hands:
When
you
are
first
introduced
to
someone,
shake
their
right
hand
with
your
own
right
hand.
Do
say
sorry:
If
you
accidentally
bump
into
someone,
say
“sorry”.
They
probably
will
too,
even
if
it
was
your
fault!
This
is
a
habit
and
can
be
seen
as
very
amusing
by
an
“outsider”.
Do
smile:
A
smiling
face
is
a
welcoming
face.
Do
drive
on
the
left
side
of
the
road.
Don’t
greet
people
with
a
kiss:
They
only
kiss
people
who
are
close
friends
and
relatives.
Avoid
talking
loudly
in
public
It
is
impolite
to
stare
at
anyone
in
public.
Do
not
pick
your
nose
in
public:
They
are
disgusted
by
this.
If
your
nostrils
need
de-bugging,
use
a
handkerchief.
Avoid
doing
gestures
such
as
backslapping
and
hugging
This
is
only
done
among
close
friends.
Do
not
spit:
Spitting
in
the
street
is
considered
to
be
very
bad
mannered.
Do
not
burp
in
public:
you
may
feel
better
by
burping
loudly
after
eating
or
drinking,
but
other
people
will
not!
If
you
can
not
stop
a
burp
from
bursting
out,
then
cover
your
mouth
with
your
hand
and
say
“excuse
me”
afterwards.
Do
not
pass
wind
in
public
Now
how
can
we
say
this
politely
Let’s
say
that
you
want
to
pass
wind.
What
do
you
do
Go
somewhere
private
and
let
it
out.
It
is
impolite
speak
with
your
mouth
full
of
food.
Do
not
ask
personal
or
intimate
questions:
They
do
not
ask
questions
such
as:
How
much
money
do
you
earn
How
much
do
you
weigh
Or
why
aren’t
you
married
Never
eat
off
a
knife
when
having
a
meal.
III.
Chinese
etiquettes
The
Chinese
will
nod
or
bow
slightly
as
an
initial
greeting.
Handshakes
are
also
popular;
wait,
however,
for
your
Chinese
counterpart
to
initiate
the
gesture.
If
you
visit
a
school,
theater,
or
other
workplace,
it
is
likely
that
you
will
be
greeted
with
applause
as
a
sign
of
welcome.
In
turn,
you
should
respond
by
applauding
back.
Avoid
making
expansive
gestures
and
using
unusual
facial
expressions.
The
Chinese
do
not
use
their
hands
when
speaking,
and
will
only
become
annoyed
with
a
speaker
who
does.
Some
hand
gestures,
however,
are
necessary.
They
are
outlined
in
the
next
two
points.
To
summon
attention,
turn
your
palm
down,
waving
your
fingers
toward
yourself.
Use
your
whole
hand
rather
than
your
index
finger
to
point.
The
Chinese,
especially
those
who
are
older
and
in
positions
of
authority,
dislike
being
touched
by
strangers.
Acknowledge
the
most
senior
person
in
a
group
first.
Smiling
is
not
as
noticeable
in
China,
since
there
is
a
heavy
emphasis
on
repressing
emotion.
Members
of
the
same
sex
may
hold
hands
in
public.
Public
displays
of
affection,
such
as
kissing,
between
the
sexes
are
frowned
upon.
Do
not
put
your
hands
in
your
mouth,
as
it
is
considered
vulgar.
Consequently,
when
in
public,
avoid
biting
your
nails,
removing
food
from
your
teeth,
and
similar
practices.
Pushing
is
common
in
lineups.
Spitting
in
public
is
acceptable.
Blowing
your
nose
with
a
handkerchief
is
also
acceptable.
Dress
Code:
Casual
clothes
are
acceptable
everywhere,
although
smarter
clothes
can
gain
more
respect.
Revealing
clothes
should
be
avoided.
Problems
that
arise
in
China
through
cultural
differences
can
often
be
put
down
to
simple
misunderstandings.
In
general,
Chinese
people
are
not
forthcoming
with
information
unless
they
are
specifically
asked
for
it,
so
be
prepared
to
ask
direct
questions
to
get
the
information
you
need.
Locals
may
not
even
speak
honestly
but
will
try
to
say
what
they
think
you
want
to
hear.
This
is
not
done
maliciously
and
an
element
of
patience
and
understanding
will
ease
the
situation.
Chinese
people
are
courteous
but
reserved
and
politeness
is
appreciated
at
all
times.
Don't
always
be
fooled
by
a
smile
as
this
can
mean
that
the
person
is
upset
or
embarrassed
and
try
to
avoid
confrontational
situations
that
may
cause
a
loss
of
"face".
Confrontation
is
not
appreciated
and
will
only
worsen
rather
than
resolve
any
situation.
Family
Meals
Although
customs
and
the
kinds
of
food
eaten
vary
according
to
region,
it
is
most
common
for
Chinese
families
to
gather
for
three
meals
a
day.
In
some
areas
and
at
some
times
of
the
year,
laborers
may
have
only
two
full
meals
a
day,
but
when
possible,
they
supplement
these
with
up
to
three
smaller
ones,
often
taken
at
tea
houses.
There
is
not,
in
general,
the
strong
association
we
have
in
the
West
between
the
type
of
food
and
the
time
of
day
it
should
be
served
(say,
eggs
for
breakfast,
a
sandwich
for
lunch,
pot
roast
for
dinner).
The
sorts
of
dishes
served
at
the
two
or
three
main
meals
are
pretty
much
the
same.
The
goal
in
planning,
however,
is
to
provide
a
number
of
dishes
at
each
meal,
so
that,
rather
than
experiencing
difference
by
comparison
between
one
meal
and
the
next,
each
meal
includes,
in
itself,
a
satisfying
array
of
elements.
The
Stuff
of
the
Meal
The
center
of
the
Chinese
meal
is
fan,
or
grain.
So
much
so
that
the
meal
itself
is
called
hsia
fan,
"a
period
of
grain."
In
the
South
and
among
urban
families
in
other
areas,
the
fan
may
be
rice
or
rice
products,
but
rice
is
expensive,
as
is
the
wheat
eaten
in
the
North
in
the
form
of
cooked
whole
grains,
noodles,
or
bread.
Depending
on
the
region,
then,
less
prosperous
families
might
make
their
meals
of
millet,
sorghum,
or
corn.
The
meats
and
vegetables
we
think
of
as
the
focus
of
the
meal
are
known
as
ts'ai,
which
means
something
like
"side
dishes"
--
one
could
almost
go
so
far
as
to
call
them
condiments
for
the
fan.
Who
Eats
When
and
How
Eating
begins
in
order
of
seniority,
with
each
diner
taking
the
cue
to
start
from
his
or
her
immediate
superior.
Children
are
taught
to
eat
equally
from
each
ts'ai
dish
in
turn,
never
betraying
a
preference
for
a
particular
item
by
eating
more
of
it,
never
seeming
to
pause
to
choose
a
specific
bite
from
the
plate.
In
order
to
cool
the
soup
a
bit
and
to
better
diffuse
the
flavor
in
the
mouth,
soup
is
eaten
by
sipping
from
the
spoon
while
breathing
in.
This
method,
of
course,
produces
the
slurping
noise
that
is
taboo
in
the
West.
To
eat
fan,
a
diner
raises
the
bowl
to
her
lips
and
pushes
the
grains
into
her
mouth
with
chopsticks.
This
is
the
easiest
way
to
eat
it
and
shows
proper
enjoyment
--
eating
fan
from
a
bowl
left
sitting
on
the
table
suggests
dissatisfaction
with
the
food.
The
diner
must
finish
all
the
fan.
To
leave
even
a
grain
is
considered
bad
manners,
a
lack
of
respect
for
the
labor
required
to
produce
it.