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M7U1 语法教案
Living with technology
Grammar and usage
Prepositions and prepositional phrases
Teaching aims:
Students are expected to review the usage of some common prepositions to express time, place and movement, as well as how to use them in different situations.
Students will also learn that prepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns and adjectives to form prepositional phrases and the ways to use them in various situations.
Students will apply what they have learnt to practice by fulfilling some written tasks.
Procedures
Step1. Lead-in
Help students to review what prepositions are and how they are used by asking them to complete a story.
Step2. Prepositions of time
Provide students with a passage and complete it with some prepositions and then ask students to make a conclusion—these prepositions are used to express time. Then explain the usage of these prepositions and do some related exercises.
Step3. Prepositions of place
Provide students with a picture and ask students to describe the location of a high school in the picture. Then draw a conclusion—these prepositions are used to express place. Then explain the usage of these prepositions and do some related exercises.
Step4. Prepositions of movement
Provide students with a flash to express how some prepositions to express movement are used and give some detailed explanation. And then do some related exercises.
Step5. Extension
Prepositions to express means and “except, besides, but, except for”.
Step6. Exercise on page 8
Step7. Prepositional phrases
Encourage students to arrange the prepositional phrases listed to into three types: prepositional phrases with verbs; prepositional phrases with nouns; prepositional phrases with adjectives;
Step8. Extension
More phrases combined with verbs, nouns and adjectives.
Step9. Exercise on page 9
Step10. Homework
Review prepositions and prepositional phrases
Do some related exercises.
Preview Task.
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M7U1 语法—介词和介词短语
教案
My family will move ___a new flat. We need a lot of new household appliances _______we can move___. Last Saturday, we went ___a department store. The household appliances section is ___the fifth floor.
to
in
to
on
before
on in to into for after before
Complete the article with the following prepositions.
We first bought a fridge and an electric rice cooker. My parents suggested we buy a microwave oven so that we can save a lot of time reheating food.
Then we bought a washing machine. _____that, a vacuum cleaner came ____our package as it is useful ____keeping our house clean. We had a tiring but happy day.
After
into
for
on in to into for after before
What are prepositions
How are they used
Prepositions are words that are used before a noun or a noun phrase to show time, place, movement, etc.
A preposition can also be used before a verb in the –ing form.
e.g. …it is useful for keeping our house clean.
I am an English teacher in a middle school. Since I was in Junior High, I have been interested in English. ___that time, I usually got up ___5.30 a.m. reading English aloud. ___15 September 1998, I got the first prize in an English speech contest in my school, which made me work even harder at English. ____now, I have been learning English ____more than 14 years and I will never stop learning it.
At
at
On
By
for
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.
conclusion:
The prepositions (at / by / on / for ) we filled in just now are used to express_______ .
time
How to use prepositions to express time
prepositions of time
at in on for by since during after before between from until
used before a point of time
indicating ‘no later than a time’
used before a period of time
‘from a time in the past until a later time or now’
indicating ‘in the period of time separating two dates, events; etc’
indicating the time at which sth starts
‘earlier than the time when’
‘up to the time of (a specified event) used before a particular day
to show how long something continues
‘throughout or within a period of time’
indicating ‘later in time’
The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after
C. at; by D. before; around
2. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in
C. of; on D. for; during
3. The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985.
A. to; on B. to; in
C. by; on D. for; on
C
C
A
at on in
(I)
Click it here
at 8 o’clock
at noon
at night
at midnight
at the end of
at that time
at the beginning of
at the age of
at Christmas
at New Year
at
in
in the morning (afternoon, evening)
in October
in 1998
in summer (autumn, spring, winter)
in the past
in the future
on
on Monday
on Christmas morning
on the following day
on May Day
on a warm morning
on a windy night
on the evening of April
注意比较：
_____ Christmas
_____ Christmas Day
_____ the Christmas days
at 10:00___ the morning of March, 1998
at 10:00___ the morning on April, 1998
at
on
during
in
on
1. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A. since B. in C. on D. after
2. --- How long has the bookshop been in business
--- _____ 1987.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
3. The touch they had both kept in ____ many years broke.
A. for B. on C. into D. with
B
D
A
表持续时间的_________________的区别
(II)
since, for, in, after
★ since 接过去的某时间点, 常用于完成时.
★ for 接一段具体的时间, 常用于完成时.
★ in + 一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表一段时间以后,多
用于将来时; 与延续性动词连用,表一段时间内,时态不限.
★ after + 一段时间,常用于过去时.
在……期间，常用介词
during, for, over, within,
throughout, from...to 等
e.g.
during the summer holiday.
for four years
I’ll be back within an hour.
from 6 to 8 从6点到8点
(III)
表示其它时间概念的介词:
before\until\till\between\by\up to等
1）before “在…之前，早于…”
before supper 晚饭前
before class 上课前
before long 不久
2）until\till “直到”
The meeting will last till 5:00
3）by表示“到…为止”，
by the end
by the end of last term
(IV)
在时间状语中，有两种情况不用介词
1）表示“去年”“上个月” “今年”“这个月”“本周”“明年”“下个月”“每年”“每月”“每周”等概念时。
last year (month, week);
this year (month, week);
next year (month, week)
My family are going to Hangzhou next month.
Every summer she goes to visit her parents.
2）用all来表示整个“年、月、星期、天”等概念时, 如：
We worked there all afternoon.
She has lived in the village all her life.
(V)
Describe the location of Qing hua High School
prepositions of place
at, in, on, above，against, behind, between, by, near, opposite, under, below, off, over, inside, outside, etc.
conclusion:
The prepositions (at / by / on / in / behind / between / opposite / near / across, etc ) we used just now are used to express_______ .
place
(I)表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别
My uncle lives _____ 116 Changhe Street. His room is ___ the sixth floor.
A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to
★ at 表示在较小的地方(村庄, 小城镇,门牌);
在某物旁(不确定的地方)
★ in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市); 在某物范围内.(地点
的排列顺序是由小到大.
★ on 表示在某物上(表面接触); road 前用on, street前用
in/on; 楼层用on; farm前用on, field前用in.
A
(II)表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别
Guangdong lies ___ the south of China and Fujian is ___ the east of it. Hainan is _____ the coast of the mainland.
A. in; in; on B. in; on; off
C. on; to; on D. in; to; away
★ in 表示在境内.
★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内.
★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤.
★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.
B
(III) 表上下方位的介词 _______________________
的区别
under/over below/above
under/over , below/above
Click it here
_____ the wall 在墙上
_____ the train 在火车上
The picture is _______ the map. 画在地图上方。
Hang the picture ______ the bookshelf.
把这张画挂在书架上面。
There is a bridge _____the river.
在河的上面横跨一座桥。
on 多用于与物体有接触时,位于物体的表面,边上,线上。
above 侧重于指上下位置，有对比与参照物。
over 侧重于指横跨两端，或有覆盖的含义。
practice
on
on
over
above
over
The water reached a few inches ___________the knees. 水离膝盖只有几英寸了.
under与 below均可表“正下方”，
_______the sea level. 海拔以下
play ______the tree 在树下玩
pass ______the bridge 在桥下流过
below/under
below
under
under
表示“低于..”仅用below，此时与above为反义，
(IV)表示“在…前面/后面”
The children are playing ____________their house.
那些孩子正在家门口玩。
He parked the car ________the house.
车停在屋子后面。
There is a blackboard _______________the classroom.
教室的后面有一块黑板。
at the back of与behind的意义基本一样，都表示“在…后面”，但所指有区别， behind指一物体在另一物体的后方，而at the back of指一物体包含在另一物的内部的后方。
in front of
behind
at the back of
behind/before/in front of/ in the front of/behind/ at the back of
(V)表示“在…中间”
between/among/in the middle of
You can sit ________him and me .
The animals usually hide ________the trees during the daytime.
There is a desk _______________the classroom.
between 表示“在…之间”（常指二者之间）
among 表示“在…中间”（三者或三者以上）
in the middle of 指位置时，总是强调在一处地方的中心或中心附近的位置
between
among
in the middle of
(Ⅵ)表示“在…旁边”用________________
(1)near 表示“在…附近、靠近”，暗示距离很近，如：
The smiths live near a park.
史密斯一家住在一座公园附近。
(2)beside 表示“在…附近、靠近”与by意思相近，如：
She sat in the chair beside the door.
他坐在门边上的一张椅子上。
(3)by表示“在…附近，紧挨”
Mike is standing by the door.
麦克站在门旁边。
near / by / beside
What’s there _______the box
盒子里有什么？
She was told to wait _______the classroom.
他被要求在教室外面等着。
The post office store is just _______the street.
邮局就在树的对面。
The man stood with his back ________the wall.
那个男人背靠着墙站着。
(Ⅷ)其他, 如“inside, outside, across, against, etc”
inside
outside
across
against
Choose the best answer.
1. ____ the gate and you’ll find the entrance ___ the park ___ the other side.
A. Through; to; on
B. Along; of; on
C. Down; to; at
D. Up; of; by
2. Early ____the morning of May 1, we started off ___ the mountain village.
A. in; for B. in; to C. on; / D. on; for
A
D
prepositions of movement
conclusion:
The prepositions (through / along / to / down / for, etc ) are used to express___________ .
movement
across, along, down, into, off, over, out of, past, round, through, under, up, etc.
across, along, down, into, off, etc
Click it here
She went ____Beijing University yesterday.
他昨天到北京大学去了。
A friend of mine sent me the gift ______Tianjin.
这礼物是我的一个朋友从天津寄给我的。
He poured some milk ____the cup.
他往被子里到了些牛奶。
Walk straight ______the street and you’ll find the post office.
顺着这条街一直往前走,你就会找到那个邮局的。
I saw him walking ______the library.
我看到他匆匆走出了图书馆。
to
from
into
along
out of
(I)表示运动方向的介词
The ship started ____London.
这艘轮船向伦敦驶去。
She fell ____the ladder and hurt her leg.
他从梯子上摔下来，把腿摔坏了。
I found the car driving ________me.
我发现车正朝我开来。
for 表示“（方向、倾向、能力）向，往”
off 表示“从…离开”“从…下来”
toward(s), to ,for都可表示“方向”toward(s)只表示动作的方向，与到达与否无关，to表示到达的目的地，for表示目的地，和to表目的地是前面多用动词不同，for常与leave/start/set out/sail等连用，to常go/come/return等连用。
for
off
towards
(II)表示“经过”“穿过”“通过”的介词
The ball rolled_______the grass.球从草地上滚过。
He walked ____me without saying a word.
I don’t think anyone can jump _____the fence.
我看没人能跳过那座围墙。
She drove _____a school on her way home.
across 表示“从这一边到一边”；穿过物体表面,或横过。by 表示“从人或事物旁边经过”，意义与past相似 over 表示“从人或事物上空经过、越过” past 表示“从人或事物旁边经过”，意义与by相似
through 表示“从事物的里面穿过”或“从长形物的一头
到另一头”。
by
across
over
past
across/by/over/through/past, etc
(Ⅲ)表示“遍及” 的介词
throughout / all over / all along / all around, etc
The news spread throughout the country.
It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
I looked all over for you before I started.
There are trees all along the river banks.
(I) 表示“除…… 之外”的介词
＊He usually goes to work on time _____.
A. except for raining days B. besides it rains
C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days
★ besides 表示包含, 除 --- 之外还有---
★ except 表示排除, 除 ---- 之外
★ but 表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing,
anything, everyone, all, who 等连用.
★ except for 表示除去整体中的部分, “只是, 只不过”
D
Extension
__________ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.
You have no choice ________work hard.
Li Long is a good student ______________his laziness.
Besides
but
except for
（II）表示方式、方法、手段的常用介词
___________________
Mr. Green usually goes to work ___car.
He wrote many letters ___English.
He told me to write _____a pen.
You can master English ________more practice.
by
in
with
through
★ by 表示“用（方法、手段、途径等）”或意为“乘坐（交通工具） ”，后接的名词前面通常不用冠词。
★ in 表示“用（方式、材料、途径、语言）”。
★ with 表示“带着，伴随”，后接具体的工具，手段、材料或其他行为方式。
★ through 表示“以(方法、手段) ”“经由”。
by, in, with, through
Read the dialogue on page 8 and do the exercise in pairs.
Answers:
(1) for (2) at (3) until
(4) by (5) during (6) to
Prepositional phrases
Arrange the prepositional phrases listed into three types: prepositional phrases with nouns/adjectives/verbs
cautious about, look at, look after,
different from, run into, hear from,
in other words, meet with, in return,
on a large scale, fit for, stand for,
to some extent, by hand
run into
hear form
stand for
meet with
look for
look at
prepositional phrases with verbs
on a large scale
in other words
by hand
to some extent
in return
prepositional phrases with nouns
cautious about,
different from,
fit for
prepositional phrases with adjectives
More prepositional phrases with verbs
V + with
V + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb)
V + at
aim, point, wonder, strike, work, look, glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare, glare, smile, call, fire, tear, knock, arrive
begin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play, quarrel, do
compare, provide, supply, feed, replace, combine, equip, furnish
(4)V+in
(5) V+sb(sth)+in
(6) V + from
(7) V + sth ( sb) +from + sth ( sb or a place)
get, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take, drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, result, trade, involve, check, count, cut, participate, fill, join, trust, believe
help, assist, spend
learn, die, come, suffer, hear, fall, rise, hang, escape, date, depart, result, differ, distinguish, judge
borrow, protect, receive, separate, keep, stop, prevent, choose, remove, save
(8) V+of
(9) V+sb+of+sth
(10) V+sth+of+sb
(11) V+on
act, lean, live, work, depend, look, wait, turn, switch, pull, have, keep, call, put, push, speak, insist, push, count, figure, carry
consist, dream, hear, tell, think, know, talk, die, speak
rob, warn, inform, remind, accuse, cheat, convince, relieve
ask, beg, demand, require
(12) V+sb(sth)+ON+sb(sth)
(13) V+to
(14) V+to+sb
(15) V+sth(sb) +to+sth(sb)
congratulate, spend, base, fix
listen, stick, refer, turn, point, reply, occur, attend, lead, happen, come, get, write, hold, agree, belong, adapt, attribute, object, adjust, relate, respond
announce, describe, explain, express, mention, report, say, shout, whisper, speak, talk, nod
devote, compare, add, introduce, invite, leave, join, reduce, sentence, carry, take
(16)V+for
account, beg, hope, send, look, ask, long, pay, wish, wait, leave, fight, plan, prepare, care, stand, search, answer, run, call, apply, provide, apologize
(17)v+sb+for+sth
ask, blame, forgive, pardon, pay, praise, punish, reward, thank, excuse (18)v+about
quarrel, agree, complain, bring, think, set, care, hear
More prepositional phrases with adjectives
(1)adj+with
angry, strict, pleased, busy, covered, satisfied, filled, wrong, wild, crowded, connected, popular, patient, annoyed, delighted, content, friendly, concerned, bored, associated, burdened, consistent, disappointed, displeased, familiar, impatient, popular, satisfied
(2)adj+at
amused, delighted, angry, good, surprised, astonished, pleased, terrified, clever, astonished, impatient, quick, surprised (3)adj+in
rich, interested, active, disappointed, engaged, busy, weak, expert, successful, absorbed, skilled, concerned, experienced, confident, employed, accurate, diligent (4)adj+from
different, far, tired, made, separate, absent, made
(5)adj+of
aware, careful, free, short, worthy, afraid, proud, full, tired, made, capable, impatient, considerate, guilty, jealous, ashamed, cautious, conscious, forgetful, fond, informed, made, regardless, rid, sensible, sick
(6)adj+on
hard, keen, dependent, based, impressed
(7)adj+to
equal, opposed, familiar, close, near, kind, harmful, polite, rude, similar, useful, married, known, used, good, dedicated, fair, related, indifferent, devoted, contrary, suitable, close, opposite, accustomed, adapted, addicted, adequate, blind, common, deaf, grateful, important, loyal, relative, thankful
(8)adj+for
eager, bad, good, famous, fit, suitable, ready, sorry, grateful, useful, late, responsible, convenient, profitable, necessary, anxious, unfit
(9)adj+about
happy, anxious, nervous, cautious, careful, certain, excited, pleased, concerned, enthusiastic, uneasy, troubled
More prepositional phrases with nouns
n+with
trouble, talk, chat, connection, conversation, sympathy
(2) n+at
knock, pull, look, glance, smile, game, astonishment, surprise, alarm
(3) n+in
interest, progress, satisfaction, faith, belief, confidence, response, pride, harm, difficulty, pleasure, confidence, delight
(4)n+from
letter, visitor, absence, difference, protection, relief, rescue
(5) n+of
quality, number, sample, choice, impression, neglect, attack, care, consideration, pleasure, doubt, way, possibility, example
(6) n+on
book, discussion, lecture, advice, opinion, impression, attack, dependence, judgment, pity, mercy, authority
(7) n+to
key, answer, end, way, solution, attention, approach (8) n+for
plan, need, reason, explanation, ability, excuse, ambition, anxiety, reputation, consideration, necessity, talent, sympathy, cause, qualification (9) n+on
concern, anxiety, opinion, question
Complete the introduction to the digital camera on page 9 individually.
Answers:
(1) on sale (2) up to date
(3) capable of (4) stand for
(5) satisfied with (6)on the market
(7) In that case (8) in time for
(9) up to (10) agree with
Homework
Review prepositions and prepositional phrases .
2. Do some related exercises.
3. Preview Task.
