考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．—Must
we
be
there
one
hour
early
before
the
meeting
starts
—Yes,
you
________.
答案 must 句意：——我们必须在会议开始前一小时赶到那儿吗？——是的，必须。在回答must引出的问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't
have
to。
2．Most
green
tea
drinkers
do
not
add
milk
or
sugar,
but
you
________
if
you
like.
答案 can 句意：大部分喝绿茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖，但是如果你喜欢，你可以加。can表示许可，符合句意。
3．The
head
teacher
demanded
that
the
paper
________
(finish)
after
class.
答案 (should)
be
finished demand后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，由于finish与the
paper之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
4．How
I
wish
I
________
(have)
the
chance
to
watch
the
football
games
with
my
father,
who
was
a
reporter
there.
答案 had
had wish从句用虚拟语气，根据逗号后面的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词was可知，这里表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此应用过去完成时。
5．There
was
a
lot
of
fun
at
yesterday's
party.
You
________
(come),
but
why
didn't
you
答案 should
have
come 句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来，为什么没来呀？should
have
done表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。
6．One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
________
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
答案 shall 在正式条文中规定的内容用shall。
7．We
were
stuck
at
the
airport
because
of
the
heavy
fog,
otherwise
we
________
(arrive)
here
in
time
for
the
conference.
答案 would/could/should/might
have
arrived 句意：我们因为大雾被困在机场，否则就能及时赶上这儿的会议了。otherwise“否则”，本句中其前面是一般过去时，故后半句是与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气。故用would/could/should/might
have
arrived。
8．—It's
no
easy
task
to
catch
a
ticket
on
a
website
that
receives
1
billion
clicks
daily.
—I
can't
agree
with
you
more.
There
________
be
errors
for
every
single
step.
答案 can/may 句意：——在每天十亿次点击量的网站上订到一张票是一项艰难的任务。——我完全同意你。而且每一个步骤都有可能会出错。根据语境可知，答话人表达的是对困难情况的一种推测。can“有可能，会”，表示可能性，符合语境。也可以用may“也许，可能”。
9．Don't
worry
about
me,
because
I
________
take
care
of
myself.
答案 can can“能，会”，表示有能力。
10．I
lost
her
phone
number,
otherwise
I
________
(ring)
her
up.
答案 would/could/should/might
have
rung 句意：我丢了她的电话号码，否则的话，我就会给她打电话了。由句意及otherwise可知，后半句话是与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，故填would/could/should/might
have
rung。
11．Antarctica
is
so
mystically
described
by
some
people.
If
only
I
________
(be)
there!
答案 had
been 句意：南极洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if
only后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示与过去情况相反的假设，应使用过去完成时，故答案为had
been。
12．I'm
really
very
busy,
otherwise
I
________
go
shopping
with
you.
答案 would/should/could/might 句意：我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。由“I'm
really
very
busy”可知，此处表示与现在情况相反的假设，应用“should/would/could/might＋动词原形”。
13．It
________
(be)
Mr.
Black
because
he
is
away
on
a
trip
to
China.
答案 can't
be 句意：那人不可能是布莱克先生，因为他去中国旅游了。根据because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知，说话者的推测很有把握。表示非常有把握的否定推测应该用can't。
14．You
________
as
well
tell
us
now;
we'll
find
out
sooner
or
later.
答案 may/might 句意：你最好现在告诉我们，我们迟早会查明的。may/might
as
well是固定搭配，意为“最好，倒不如”。
15．Harry
is
feeling
uncomfortable.
He
________
(drink)
too
much
at
the
party
last
night.
答案 must
have
drunk 句意：哈里现在感觉不舒服，他昨晚在聚会上一定饮酒过度了。根据句意及last
night可知，此处是对过去事情的比较肯定的推测，故用must
have
done。
16．I
________
like
you
to
fetch
that
document
for
me
now.
答案 would 句意：我想要你现在就帮我把那份文件取来。would
like
sb.
to
do
sth.“想要某人做某事”。
17．The
door
________
open,
no
matter
how
hard
she
pushed.
答案 wouldn't 句意：无论她怎么用力推，门总是打不开。主语The
door为物，且pushed表示过去，故填wouldn't。
18．________
it
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
have
to
cancel
the
football
match.
答案 Should 本句中条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，所以要用should
do或were
to
do结构。同时，当条件句中有助动词had,
were,
should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。
19．The
well dressed
lady
was
caught
stealing
in
the
fashion
shop.
Strangely
enough,
she
________
have
done
such
a
thing.
答案 should 句意：那位衣着讲究的女士正在时装店偷东西时被抓了。真让人感到奇怪，她竟然会做出这种事。should“竟然”，表示惊讶的语气。
20．—________
you
interrupt
now
Can't
you
see
I'm
on
the
phone
—Sorry,
Sir,
but
it's
urgent.
答案 Must 根据第二个问句可知，此处应用must,
意为“非要……，偏要……”，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。
21．I've
ordered
some
pizza,
so
we
________
worry
about
cooking
when
we
get
home
tired.
答案 needn't
句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知，答案为needn't。
22．If
he
had
spent
more
time
practising
speaking
English
before,
he
________
(be)
able
to
speak
it
much
better
now.
答案 would/might/could/should
be 根据句子结构及时间状语now可知，此题为混合式虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，故用would/might/could/should
be。
23．If
you
________
(follow)
the
doctor's
advice,
you
would
be
all
right
now.
答案 had
followed 句意：如果你当初听了医生的建议，你现在就好了。根据句意可知，从句表示的动作与过去事实相反，主句表示的动作与现在事实相反。由此可知，答案为had
followed。
24．We
often
hear
that
children
wish
they
________
(be)
grown ups,
and
that
old
people
wish
to
be
young.
答案 were 句意：我们经常听到孩子们希望长大，而老人希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。根据wish可知，空格处是对现在情况的假设，故用were。
25．—I
am
sure
I
saw
Brian
in
the
park
this
morning.
—You
________
be
imagining
things.
He
left
for
America
last
night.
答案 must 句意：——我确信今天上午我在公园里见到了布莱恩。——你一定是在胡思乱想。他昨天夜里去美国了。must用于肯定句，意为“一定”，表示非常有把握的推测。
26．—I'll
have
to
write
a
report
about
“Jane
Eyre”
next
week,
but
I
haven't
got
the
book
yet.
—Don't
worry.
You
________
have
it
by
noon
tomorrow.
答案 shall 句意：——我下周要写一篇关于《简·爱》的报告，但我还没有书呢。——别担心。到明天中午你就会拿到了。shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句表示说话者给对方的允诺。
27．I
________
thank
you
too
much
because
without
your
help
I
wouldn't
have
won
first
prize.
答案 can't 句意：我都不知道该怎么谢你了。没有你的帮助我不会获得一等奖。can't与too连用，意为“再……也不为过”。
28．It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
________
(do)
it
答案 had
done
句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。第一句已经说明是约翰打坏的窗户，所以第二句中as
if后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填had
done。
29．Mr.
Johnson's
proposal
was
that
we
________
(cancel)
the
examination
and
ask
the
students
to
write
term
papers
instead.
答案 (should)
cancel 句意：约翰逊先生的提议是我们应该取消考试，而让学生写学期论文。在proposal,
suggestion,
order,
request,
advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中一般要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
30．Catherine
would
rather
that
she
________
(take)
the
pain
instead
of
her
baby.
We
can't
imagine
how
upset
she
was.
答案 had
taken 句意：凯瑟琳宁愿自己代替她的宝宝受苦。
我们难以想象她多么难受。would
rather后面接从句时应用虚拟语气。根据后一句中的how
upset
she
was可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词应用“had＋过去分词”。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．He
might
have
gone
to
bed,
for
the
light
was
out.
________________________________________________________
答案 might→must 句意：他一定已经上床睡觉了，因为灯已经灭了。must
have
done表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might
have
done“可能做过某事”，表示对过去已经发生的事情的把握不大的推测。
2．He
commanded
that
roads
built
to
link
castles
across
the
land.
________________________________________________________
答案 built前加(should)
be command后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，又roads和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填(should)
be
built。
3．He
doesn't
need
go
to
the
party
this
afternoon
if
he
has
something
important
to
do.
________________________________________________________
答案 go前加to 句意：如果他有重要的事情要做的话，今天下午他就不必去参加聚会了。根据doesn't可知，need在此题中不是情态动词，而是实义动词，因此后面需要用to
do形式。
4．We
must
go
to
the
concert
tonight,
but
we
are
not
sure
yet.
________________________________________________________
答案 must→may 句意：我们今天晚上有可能去音乐会，但是还不确定。must表示肯定的猜测，而may“可能会”表示把握不大的推测。
5．I
wish
I
was
a
bird
and
could
fly
freely
in
the
blue
sky.
________________________________________________________
答案 was→were wish后的从句应用虚拟语气，根据wish可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式不论人称、不论单复数一律用were。
6．You
need
have
studied
that
late
last
night.
It
was
harmful
to
your
health.
________________________________________________________
答案 need→needn't 由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不应该学到那么晚”，因此应用need的否定形式。needn't
have
done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。
7．If
I
was
five
years
younger,
I
would
take
the
job.
________________________________________________________
答案 was→were 句意：如果我能年轻五岁的话，我就会接受这份工作。
if虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用were或did，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋do”来表示。
8．If
I
persuaded
him
not
to
do
so,
he
wouldn't
have
made
such
a
serious
mistake.
________________________________________________________
答案 persuaded前加had 根据主句中的wouldn't
have
made可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此if从句用过去完成时。
9．Jack
is
a
great
talker.
It's
high
time
that
he
does
something
instead
of
just
talking.
________________________________________________________
答案 does→did/should
do “It's
high
time＋that从句”句式中从句用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语用did/should
do，should不可以省略。
10．I
should
very
much
like
to
have
gone
to
the
party
but
I
was
invited.
________________________________________________________
答案 invited前加not 句意：本来我非常想去参加这个聚会，但是没人邀请我。should
like
to
have
done意为“本想做而未做某事”，由此可知事实是：聚会已经举办过了，当时我“没有”受到邀请。
11．It
has
been
announced
that
students
might
remain
in
their
seats
until
all
the
papers
have
been
collected.
________________________________________________________
答案 might→shall 句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须呆在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者允诺、警告、命令或威胁等语气；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。此句shall的用法属于后者。
12．He
may
be
the
wanted
man:
he
is
exactly
like
the
one
in
this
picture.
________________________________________________________
答案 may→must 句意：他一定是通缉犯，他太像这张照片上的人。must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
13．We
would
as
well
stay
where
we
are,
because
the
outside
is
unsafe.
________________________________________________________
答案 would→may/might 句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全。“may/might
as
well＋动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨……，还是……好”。
14．It's
so
cold
today.
If
it
should
get
warmer
this
afternoon,
I
will
wash
my
car.
________________________________________________________
答案 will→would 句意：今天真冷。如果今天下午天气变暖的话，我会去洗洗车。后一句中从句时间状语是this
afternoon，表示将来；从句的谓语是“should＋动词原形”，表示与将来事实相反的假设，因此主句谓语用“would＋动词原形”。
15．If
Rose
hadn't
lost
her
left
leg
in
the
accident
last
year,
she
wouldn't
have
sit
in
the
wheelchair
now.
________________________________________________________
答案 去掉have 句意：如果罗丝没有在去年的那场事故中失去她的左腿，她现在就不会坐在轮椅上了。该句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句与从句所指的时间不一致，主句与从句的时态应根据实际的时间概念确定。根据句意及now可知，主句为对现在的虚拟，应用wouldn't
sit。
情态动词
一、can/could
1．表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力；2.表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性或一时的可能性，常译为“有时候会”；3.表示许可：could表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can。
Although
he
is
only
four,
he
can
play
the
piano.
That
can't
be
Mary,
for
she
is
in
hospital.
Can
I
use
your
computer
for
a
while
—Could
I
borrow
your
bicycle
—Yes,
you
can./No,
you
can't.
二、may/might
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may更委婉、客气；2.表推测：表示把握性不大的推测，might表示的可能性比may更小；may/might
as
well
do
sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。
Might
I
use
your
computer
This
pen
may
be
Tom's.
You
may
as
well
start
at
once.
三、shall/should
1．shall用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见；2.shall用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、许诺等；3.should表示“应该”，表主观，而ought
to(应该)表示客观；4.should可表示推测，意为“应该会；想必会”；5.should还可表示惊讶、意外等，意为“竟然”。
Shall
he
come
in
or
wait
outside
You
shall
hand
in
the
report
tomorrow.
You
should
be
careful
when
crossing
the
street.
I
don't
know
why
you
should
think
that
I
did
it.
四、must/have
to
1．must表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中；2.表示“必须；不得不”，must侧重主观，have
to侧重客观；3.must还可表示“偏要，非要”，表示说话者不耐烦或与自己愿望相反；4.在回答must的问句时，否定回答通常用needn't或don't
have
to
(mustn't表禁止，不表义务)。
You
must
be
tired
now.
If
you
must
know
the
secret,
I
can
tell
you.
—Must
I
clean
the
room
at
once
—Yes,
you
must.
—No,
you
needn't/don't
have
to.
五、will/would
1．表示意愿、决心等；2.用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中表示请求；3.表示习惯或反复发生的动作，will表示现在，would表示过去；4.表示按规律“注定会”。
I
won't
argue
with
you.
Would
you
mind
closing
the
door
John
will
fall
asleep
in
church.
Oil
will
float
on
water.
六、need/dare
need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。
You
needn't
come
so
early.
She
dare
not
go
out
alone
at
night.
七、“情态动词＋have
done”结构
must
have
done
“过去肯定/准是/一定发生了……”(表肯定推测)，否定式为：can't/couldn't
have
done
should/ought
to
have
done
“本应该做而实际未做”
shouldn't/oughtn't
to
have
done
“本不该做而实际做了”
needn't
have
done
“本不必做而实际做了”
can/may/might
have
done
“可能做了……”
could
have
done
“本来能够……”
You
must
have
been
mad
to
speak
to
him.
Mr.
Smith
can't
have
gone
to
Beijing,
for
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
You
should
have
finished
the
work
yesterday.
I
needn't
have
bought
so
much
wine—only
five
people
came.
He
could
have
passed
the
exam,
but
he
was
too
careless.
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．[2016·浙江高考]________
(have)
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together,
AIDS related
deaths
would
not
have
fallen
since
their
highest
in
2005.
答案 Had 句意：如果政府和科学家没有共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。本句为虚拟语气，从句省略了if，并使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would
not
have
fallen可知，这里是表示对过去的虚拟，所以用had。
2．[2016·浙江高考]George
can't
________
(go)
too
far.
His
coffee
is
still
warm.
答案 have
gone 句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't
have
done是对过去的否定推测。
3．[2016·北京高考]Why
didn't
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week
If
you
________
(tell)
me,
I
could
have
helped.
答案 had
told 句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词＋have
done”。
4．[2015·重庆高考]You
________
be
Carol.
You
haven't
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
答案 must 句意：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年来你一点儿没变。依据第二句可知，此处表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，且用于肯定句，故用must。
5．[2015·浙江高考]It
was
so
noisy
that
we
________
hear
ourselves
speak.
答案 couldn't
句意：这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。根据语境可知，此处表达过去的能力，故用couldn't。
6．[2015·天津高考]I
________
have
worried
before
I
came
to
the
new
school,
for
my
classmates
here
are
very
friendly
to
me.
答案 needn't
句意：在进入这所新学校之前我本没必要担心，因为这里的同学对我很友好。根据语境可知，此处表示过去对某事担心过，但现在看来这种担心没有必要，应该用needn't
have
done。
7．[2015·福建高考]—Sorry,
Mum!
I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh,
it's
too
bad.
You
________
have
made
full
preparations.
答案 should 句意：——对不起，妈妈，我工作面试又失败了。——哦，太糟糕了，你本应该做充分准备。根据句意可知，此处表示本应该做某事而实际上没做，故用should
have
done来表示。
8．[2015·陕西高考]You
________
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,
but
I'm
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you'll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
答案 may 句意：你可能感觉到所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的确信以后你将感谢你所做的这一切。根据句意可知，应用may，意为“也许，可能”。
9．[2017·天津模拟]In
winter,
you
________
never
be
too
cautious
when
you
are
driving
in
snow.
答案 can 句意：在冬天，你在雪地里开车时怎么小心都不过分。cannot...
too...表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，cannot可用can
never代替。
10．[2014·陕西高考]My
book,
The
House
of
Hades,
is
missing.
Who
________
have
taken
it
答案 could 句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。是谁拿走了呢？结合语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的推测，且用在疑问句中，故填could。
11．[2016·浙江温州八校联考]Since
you
have
such
good
preparations,
there
________
not
be
any
problem
about
passing
the
coming
job
interview.
答案 should 句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据since提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示应该不会/想必不会有问题，表推测，故本空填情态动词should。
12．[2016·江西五校联考]It
has
been
accepted
that
all
the
students
________
put
on
masks
before
going
to
school
in
case
they
are
infected
with
flu
virus.
答案 shall 句意：为防止学生感染流感病毒，学生们在进校前要戴上口罩，这一点大家都已接受。在第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、规则，用shall。
13．[2016·山西太原高三二诊]There
was
a
little
mouse
staying
at
home
all
day.
I
________
go
out,
even
at
night.
答案 daren't 句意：一整天都有一只小老鼠在家里，我一天没敢出去，即使是在晚上。根据even
at
night表示的递进意义判断，此处表示“不敢”之意，故填情态动词daren't。
14．[2016·甘肃会宁月考]I
have
her
telephone
number.
You
________
call
her
if
you
like.
答案 can 句意：我有她的电话号码，如果你愿意你可以给她打电话。所填词表示允许，故用can。
15．[2016·甘肃会宁月考]Now
I
________
like
to
ask
you
to
look
at
some
photographs
if
you
don't
mind.
答案 would 句意：如果你不介意的话，现在我想让你看一些照片。would
like
to
do...是固定短语，意为“想做……”。
16．[2016·安徽六校教研会联考]Anyone
________
be
in
a
rough
life
time,
whether
he
is
“Bai
Fumei”
or
“Gao
Fushuai”．
答案 can 句意：任何人都会有困难的时候，无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。此处是情态动词用于陈述句中，表示一时的可能性，故用情态动词can。
17．[2016·河北衡水中学高三六调]I
think
something
________
have
happened
to
Jill.
答案 must 句意：我想在吉尔身上一定发生了什么事。根据I
think...推断，所填词表示一种非常有把握的肯定推测，故用情态动词must。
18．[2016·新疆师大附中月考]Some
students
prefer
to
consider
majors
first
so
that
they
________
learn
what
they
are
interested
in.
答案 can 句意：有些学生更愿意首先考虑专业，以便能够学到自己感兴趣的知识。所填词表示能够(做某事)，故填can。
19．[2016·辽宁大连六校联考]His
doctor
told
him
not
to
smoke
any
more,
but
he
________
listen.
答案 wouldn't 句意：他的医生让他别吸烟了，但是他不愿意听。根据but表示转折判断，此处说的是“不愿意”，故填wouldn't。
20．[2015·北京高考]If
I
________
(see)
it
with
my
own
eyes,
I
wouldn't
have
believed
it.
答案 hadn't
seen 句意：如果不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。根据主句谓语wouldn't
have
believed可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，if条件句中应用过去完成时，故用hadn't
seen。
21．[2015·江苏高考]It
might
have
saved
me
some
trouble
________
I
known
the
schedule.
答案 had 根据主句中的might
have
saved可知，从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时，表示对过去事实的虚拟。完整的从句是“if
I
had
known
the
schedule”，其中的if可以省略，同时将had提前，构成倒装，故填had。
22．[2015·天津高考]I
wish
I
________
(be)
at
my
sister's
wedding
last
Tuesday,
but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
答案 had
been
句意：要是上周二我参加了我姐姐的婚礼就好了，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时表示对过去情况的虚拟。
23．[2015·安徽高考]It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
________
(have)
nowhere
to
stay
now.
答案 would/could/might/should
have 句意：幸运的是我们预订了一间房，否则，我们现在就没有待的地方了。根据语境可知，or之前的句子是陈述事实，or之后的句子是虚拟语气。根据now可知，是与现在事实相反的假设，故用would/could/might/should
have。
24．[2015·陕西高考]Ellen
is
a
fantastic
dancer.
I
wish
I
________
(dance)
as
well
as
her.
答案 danced 句意：艾伦是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。动词wish后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。再根据句意，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，所以从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。故用danced。
25．[2015·重庆高考]Without
his
wartime
experiences,
Hemingway
wouldn't
________
(write)
his
famous
novel
A
Farewell
to
Arms.
答案 have
written 句意：没有战争时的经历，海明威不会完成他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气。依据语境可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，故用have
written。
26．[2014·福建高考]________
(be)
there
no
modern
telecom-
munications,
we
would
have
to
wait
for
weeks
to
get
news
from
around
the
world.
答案 Were
句意：要是没有现代化的通讯工具，我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。根据主句谓语would
have
to
wait可知，设空处表示与现在事实相反的假设，if条件从句谓语应为动词的过去式，即if
there
were...。在虚拟条件句中可以省略if，把were提到句首，构成倒装。
27．[2014·陕西高考]We
would
rather
our
daughter
________
(stay)
at
home
with
us,
but
it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
答案 stayed 句意：我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would
rather...
表示“宁愿，希望”，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。根据后面的“it
is
her
choice,
and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，故用stayed。
28．[2017·郑州质检]I
was
ill
that
day.
Otherwise,
I
________
(attend)
the
meeting.
答案 would/could/might/should
have
attended 句意：我那天病了。否则，我就出席会议了。由otherwise可知，后一句为含蓄虚拟语气。结合句意可知，此处用would/could/might/should
have
attended表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
29．[2016·湖北八校联考]Lucy,
thank
you
for
your
ticket,
without
which,
I
________
(not
be)
able
to
go
to
the
concert
tomorrow.
答案 wouldn't/couldn't/mightn't/shouldn't
be 句意：露西，谢谢你的票，如果没有它，我明天就不能去音乐会了。根据without及时间状语tomorrow可知，此处应该是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。根据句意可知，应填wouldn't/couldn't/mightn't/shouldn't
be。
30．[2016·江苏一调]A
sense
of
anxiety
________
(arise)
if
we
were
addicted
to
various
social
networking
application.
答案 could/would/should/might
arise 由if从句使用一般过去时可知，设空处是与当前情况相反的假设，故主句用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。由语境可知应填could/would/should/might
arise。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
________________________________________________________
答案 can→should或去掉can 句意：一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。suggest作动词，表示建议时，宾语从句的谓语通常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，故此处可把can改为should，也可去掉can。
2．[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]We
must
found
ways
to
protect
our
environment.
________________________________________________________
答案 found→find 句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。情态动词must后接动词原形。
3．[2015·四川高考]If
you
are
me,
would
you
talk
to
them？________________________________________________________
答案 are→were 句意：如果你是我，你会跟他们谈吗？根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。
4．[2016·湖南衡阳二模]It
is
true
that
no
one
should
live
without
money
in
modern
society.
________________________________________________________
答案 should→can 句意：的确，在当代社会，没有钱就不能生活。根据句意可知，表示“能，能够”应用can。
5．[2016·吉林月考]I
advised
the
person
badly
wounded
sent
to
hospital.
________________________________________________________
答案 sent前加be 本句中badly
wounded是过去分词短语作定语修饰person;
advise后接宾语从句时用虚拟语气，即：(should＋)动词原形。由于person与send之间是被动关系，故应用be
sent。
6．[2016·绵阳一诊]The
man
over
there
may
not
be
Mr.
Li.
He
is
much
taller.
________________________________________________________
答案 may→can 句意：那边的那个人不可能是李先生，他要高得多。根据“He
is
much
taller.”可知，后者对前者所说的话作出了比较有把握的否定判断，故用can't“不可能”。
7．[2017·山东模拟]It
is
required
by
the
rules
that
students
should
get
grades
not
lower
than
80
in
any
subject
in
order
to
win
the
scholarship.
________________________________________________________
答案 should→shall shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。
8．[2017·邯郸模拟]Thank
you
for
your
coming
to
help
me
tidy
up
my
room,
otherwise
everything
will
be
in
a
mess.
________________________________________________________
答案 will→would 句意：谢谢你来帮我整理房间，否则一切都会乱糟糟的。otherwise连接的句子是与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以应用would。
9．[2016·桂林月考]My
uncle
is
in
poor
health
so
the
doctor
strongly
recommended
that
he
takes
a
holiday.
________________________________________________________
答案 takes→(should)take 句意：我的叔叔身体很差，所以医生强烈地建议他去度假。recommend意思是“建议”，后接that从句，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should
可以省略。
10．[2017·衡水质检]We
can't
imagine
that
two
children
can
be
killed
by
the
washing
machine
of
their
house.
________________________________________________________
答案 can→should 句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被他们家里的洗衣机绞死了。should意为“竟然”，表惊讶、意外等。
11．[2016·洛阳月考]It's
so
bad
that
I
failed
in
the
final
exam.
If
only
I
worked
hard
at
it!
________________________________________________________
答案 worked前加had 句意：我期末考试不及格，这真是太糟糕了，要是我(之前)努力学习就好了！if
only后面的从句要用虚拟语气，由failed可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句中的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
12．[2016·宜昌月考]If
you
told
me
that
eating
too
many
plums
is
not
good
for
our
health
earlier,
I
wouldn't
have
a
stomachache
now.
________________________________________________________
答案 told前加had 句意：如果你早点儿告诉我吃太多的李子对身体不好的话，我现在就不会胃疼了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，谓语动词用had
told，故应在told前加had。
13．[2016·银川模拟]She
is
always
talking
as
though
she
knows
everything
under
the
sun.
________________________________________________________
答案 knows→knew 在as
if/though引导的从句中，如果从句是一个虚拟或不真实的情况，那么从句就要用虚拟语气。句意暗含她不可能知道世界上所有的事情，因此此处要用虚拟语气，且是对现在情况的虚拟。所以用过去式knew。
14．[2016·呼和浩特统考]This
is
of
good
quality.
If
it
to
break
down
within
the
first
year,
we
would
repair
it
at
our
expense.
________________________________________________________
答案 to前加were 句意：它质量很好的。如果一年内出问题，我们将免费修理。根据后一句中的时间状语within
the
first
year及主句中的would
repair可知，if从句是表示对将来的虚拟，可用“动词的过去式”“should＋动词原形”或“were
to＋动词原形”。
15．[2016·安徽皖南八校联考]If
he
should
not
come
tomorrow,
we
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
Wednesday.
________________________________________________________
答案 we后加would/could/might/should 句意：如果他明天不来的话，我们将把会议推迟到下周三。对将来情况的虚拟，主句用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
1．基本用法
说明
if条件句谓语
主句谓语
例如
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
with
him.如果我是你，我就和他一起去。
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
If
you
had
studied
harder
last
term,
you
could
have
passed
the
exam.如果上学期你学习更努力的话，你考试就会及格了。
与将来事实相反
动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were
to＋动词原形
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If
it
snowed
tomorrow,
we
would
take
photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。
2．混合虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)
有时非真实条件从句的动作和主句的动作不同时发生，或主从句的动作有一个是事实，这种情况下谓语动词要根据各自的具体情况来确定。
If
it
had
rained
last
night,
it
would
be
wet
now.
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如：without,
but
for,
otherwise,
but等。
I
couldn't
have
finished
the
work
on
time
without
your
help.
But
for
your
timely
warning,
we
would
have
got
into
great
trouble.
4．非真实条件句中省略if的用法
如果非真实条件句中有had,
were,
should，可省略if，而将had,
were,
should提前形成部分倒装。
Had
he
taken
my
advice,
he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
Should
it
be
sunny
tomorrow,
we
would
go
hiking.
Were
there
no
air
or
water,
there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
二、虚拟语气用于其他从句中
1．用于表示要求、命令、建议、推荐等意义的动词，如：order,
require,
demand,
suggest,
advise,
propose,
command,
request,
insist,
recommend等后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
The
teacher
ordered
that
all
of
the
students
be
here
on
time.
He
advised
that
we
(should)
give
up
the
plan.
His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
accept
these
gifts.
2．在as
if,
as
though,
if
only引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在情况相反，从句谓语用过去式；与过去情况相反，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”；与将来情况相反，从句谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。
He
works
with
such
enthusiasm
as
if
he
were
never
tired.
He
speaks
English
as
though
he
were
an
American.
3．在“It
is
desired/suggested/requested/recommended/ordered/
strange/surprising/astonishing＋that从句”中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
It
is
strange
that
the
girl
(should)
be
so
mean.
4．在“It
is
(about/high)
time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
It
is
high
time
that
people
learnt/should
learn
English.
5．would
rather后接宾语从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
I
would
rather
you
came
next
Saturday.
I
would
rather
that
I
had
not
seen
the
film
last
night.(共112张PPT)
高考总复习首选用卷·英语
专题一 语法基础
考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气
第1步
刷基础·刷经典
第2步
刷高考·刷模拟
点击进入WORD文稿
