备战2018高考英语一轮复习重难点语法讲解 时态

高中英语语法——时态
一、概说：英语一共有十六个时态（8种基本时态
+8种合成时态）各个时态的构成法归纳如下:（以”write”为例）

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
writewrites
am/is/are
+writing
have/has
+written
have/has
+
been
writing
过去
wrote
was/were
+writing
had
+
written
had
+
been
writing
将来
shall/will
+write
shall/will+be
writing
shall/will+have
written
shall/will
+
have
been
writing
过去将来
should/would
+write
should/would+be
writing
should/would+
have
written
should/would
+have
been
writing
二、考点聚焦
1、动词时态考查要点简述
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理谚语格言等（不受时态限制）
The
geography
teacher
told
us
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
Water
boils
at
100oC.
He
said
that
the
earth
turns
round
the
sun.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
②表示经常发生、习惯性的动作,与
every
day,
usually,
once
a
week
等时间状语连用。
He
goes
to
school
on
foot
every
day.
We
always
care
for
each
other
and
help
each
other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong
seem等。如：
I
know
what
you
mean.
Smith
owns
a
car
and
a
house.
All
the
students
here
belong
to
No.1
Middle
School.
④在when
引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。注意，此时，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。但要注意由if
引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow,
we
will
go
to
the
countryside.
I
will
write
to
her
when
I
have
time.
Do
you
know
when
he
_will
come_(come)
back
When
he
comes
back,
please
let
me
know.
I
wonder
if
he
_will
come_
(
come)
back
tonight.
(if
在此表示“是否”，而不是引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”)
If
you
will
accept
my
invitation
and
come
to
our
party,
my
family
will
be
pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The
shop
closes
at
11:00
p.m.
every
day.
Tomorrow
is
Wednesday.
（2）一般过去时的考点分析。
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I
met
her
in
the
street
yesterday.
I
once
saw
the
famous
star
here.
They
never
drank
wine.
表达过去的习惯
I
thought
the
film
would
be
interesting,
but
it
isn’t.
②
表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,
and,
when,
as
soon
as,
immediately,
the
moment,
the
minute。
The
moment
she
came
in,
she
told
me
what
had
happened
to
her.
He
bought
a
watch
but
lost
it.
③常用一般过去时的句型：
Why
didn’t
you
---
I
didn’t
notice
it.
I
forgot
to
tell
you
I
had
been
there
with
my
brother
before.
I
didn’t
recognize
him.
（3）一般将来时考点分析。
一般将来时的6种表达形式
“will/shall+动词原形”：将要发生的动作或状况，也可表示“预见”（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。
Will
you
be
busy
tonight
You
will
feel
better
after
taking
this
medicine.
(2)
“be
going
to
+
do”有两种意义，
一是表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。
The
wall
is
going
to
be
painted
soon.
George
is
putting
on
weight.
He’s
going
to
be
quite
fat.
Look
at
the
dark
clouds
over
there.
It’s
going
to
rain.
注：“will
+
v.”
和
“be
going
to
+
v.”
均可表示意图，
“be
going
to
+
v.”
表示的意图是事先
经过考虑的，而
“will
+
v.”
所表示的意图则是说话时临时想到的。
e.g.
A:
You
left
the
light
on
for
the
whole
night
.
B:
Oh,
did
I
I
will
go
and
turn
it
off
now.
e.g.
A:
Why
are
you
taking
down
all
the
pictures
B:
I’m
going
to
repair
the
house.
(3)
“be
+
v.-ing”
某些瞬间动词特别是趋向动词用现在进行时刻表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，如：go,
come,
leave,
begin,
start,
get,
reach,
arrive,
return,
meet,
etc.
We’re
moving
to
a
different
hotel
the
day
after
tomorrow.
She
is
spending
her
winter
vacation
in
Australia
this
year.
(4)
“be
to
+
动词原形”有两种含义：一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常可与“be+
v.-ing”
交换使用，
“be
to
+
动词原形”较正式;
二是表示义务、应该（相当于should)。★
可用于if
条件句表示打算、想要。
I
am
to
have
tea
with
Betty
this
afternoon.
You’re
to
answer
for
what
you’ve
done.
Tell
her
she’s
not
to
be
back
late.
★
If
you
are
to
succeed,
you’d
better
work
hard.
(5)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
The
plane
takes
off
at
5:30
a.m.
The
new
school
year
begins
on
September
1.
(6)
“be
about
to+
动词原形”表示正要、马上做某事，这种结构的将来时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。
Take
your
seat.
The
meeting
is
about
to
begin.
I
was
about
to
go
to
bed
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
★
“will+动词原形”
有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的动作。
Oil
will
float
on
water.
This
machine
won’t
work.
(won’
可以用来表示“不能，没法”，表示主体不具有某种功能)
What’s
the
matter
with
the
pen
The
ink
won’t
come
out.
Whenever
he
has
time,
he
will
come
and
see
us.
（4）现在进行时考点分析
（主语﹢be
﹢现在分词）
现在进行时的用法注意点:
(1)现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时既可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段一直进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行），
强调动作的暂时性和未完成性—短暂的事实；而一般现在时强调动作的长久性或反复性。
He
works
in
a
chemical
factory.
(长久性工作）
He
is
working
in
a
chemical
factory
these
days.
(临时性工作)
I
don’t
work
here,
I’m
just
helping
until
the
secretary
comes
back.
(2)
现在进行时与always,
constantly,
continually,
all
the
time,
all
along,
等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感彩，如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。
She
is
always
borrowing
money
and
forgetting
to
pay
me
back.
You
are
continually
finding
faults
with
me.
(3)
现在进行时用于时间或条件状语从句中，可代替将来进行时.
When
you
are
talking
with
him,
take
care
not
to
mention
this.
I’ll
think
about
it
while
you
‘re
writing
the
report.
If
you
are
standing
at
the
corner,
I’ll
give
you
a
lift
into
town.
(4)
现在进行时表示委婉口气，常与hope,
wonder
等连用。
I’m
hoping
that
you’ll
give
me
some
advice.
I’m
wondering
if
I
may
have
a
word
with
you.
注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,
love,
hate,
care,
remember,
believe,
want,
mind,
wish,
agree,
mean,
need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,
exist,
lie,
remain,
seem
belong
to,
depend
on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,
accept,
permit,
promise,
admit,
complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see,
hear,
notice,
feel,
smell,
sound,
taste,
look。
（5）现在完成时。（主语﹢have/has
﹢动词的过去分词）
现在完成时表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。
We
have
lived
separately
since
last
year.
现在完成时用法注意点：
(1)两种意义的现在完成时
a.持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语，如
lately,
recently，up
to
now，so
far，these
days,
in/over/during
the
last/past
ten
days/months/years,
etc.
I
haven’t
had
enough
sleep
lately.
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
past
twenty
years
in
China.
b.
对现在有影响；时间状语：
already,
just,
ever,
never
,before,
not
yet,
etc.
Have
you
ever
found
out
her
telephone
number
(2)
have
been
to
VS
have
gone
to
Have
been
to表示曾经去过某地，现在人在说话的现场，而
have
gone
to
表示已经去了某地，现在人不在说话的现场。
I
have
been
to
Beijing
for
three
times.
我曾经去过北京三次。
She
has
gone
to
Beijing.
她去北京了。
注意：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during
/
in
/over
the
last(past)few
years
(months,
weeks)、in
recent
years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It
is
(has
been)
+
一段时间
+
since从句
This(That
/
It)is
the
first(second…)time
that
+
完成时
This(That
/
It)is
the
only
…
+
that
+
完成时
This(that
/
It)is
the
best
/
finest
/
most
interesting
…
+
that
从句
+
完成时
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
come
to
Beijing.
This
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
come
to
Beijing.
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I
have
ever
seen.
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I
shall
post
the
letter
as
soon
as
I
have
written
it.
If
you
have
done
the
experiment,
you
will
realize
the
theory
better.
Don’t
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
（6）现在完成进行时
（主语﹢have/has
been
﹢动词
–ing）
①
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且可能继续持续下去。
The
Chinese
have
been
making
paper
for
two
thousands
years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
①
表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
half
an
hour.
我们应经等你半个钟头了（人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等下去）.
（7）过去完成时考点分析。
(主语﹢had﹢过去分词)
1.表示“过去的过去”，两个动作有明显的先后关系。
He
told
me
that
he
had
made
great
progress
since
he
came
here.
Tom
returned
by
plane,
but
his
mother
had
already
died.
2.在by、by
the
end、by
the
time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：
By
the
end
of
last
year,
we
had
produced
20,000
cars.
The
train
had
left
before
we
reached
the
station.
The
concert
had
been
on
for
twenty
minutes
by
the
time
we
got
there.
3.
动词expect,
hope,
intend,
mean,
plan,
suppose,
think,
want,
wish
等动词用过去完成时表示过去本来打算、希望、计划作而未做的事。表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had
hoped
/
planned
/
meant
/
intended/
I
had
intended
to
attend
the
party,
but
was
stopped
by
the
heavy
rain.
4.
用在表示“一……就”的几个句型中：
Hardly/scarcely…when,
no
sooner…than,
Hardly
/
No
sooner
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
when
/
than
/
+
一般过去时。如：
We
had
no
sooner
been
seated
than
the
bus
started.
=
No
sooner
had
we
been
seated
than
the
bus
started.
我们刚一坐下，车子就启动了。
Hardly
had
the
thief
seen
the
police
when
he
ran
away.
5.
“时间名词
+
before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词
+
ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：
He
said
his
first
teacher
had
died
at
least
10
years
before.
Xiao
Hua
left
school
3
years
ago.
6.
在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After
he
(had)left
the
room,
the
boss
came
in.
We
arrived
home
before
it
snowed.
（8）将来完成时：will/shall+have+过去分词，用于第一人称，will+have+过去分词用于其他人称。表示将来某一时刻之前已完成的动作。
By
the
end
of
next
month
we
will
have
learnt
1000
words.
（9）
将来进行时：shall/will
+
be
+
现在分词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )"，表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What
will
you
be
doing
(at
eight)
next
week
I
won’t
be
free
Friday
morning.
I’ll
be
seeing
a
friend
off.
（10）注意几组时态的区别：
1.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法比较
现在完成时表示动作已完成，侧重结果；现在完成进时既可表示动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束，也可表示动作还将继续下去，侧重于动作的持续性、暂时性和未完成的含义。
They
have
repaired
the
road.
(表示路已修好)
They
have
been
repairing
the
road.
（表示路还在修）
The
police
have
been
looking
into
the
matter,
but
they
haven’t
drawn
a
conclusion
yet.
2.
一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较
一般过去时表示在过去某时发生过的动作或存在的状态，侧重动作已完成；
而过去进行时可以表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，强调动作在持续，并未完成。
Last
year,
he
wrote
a
book.
Last
year,
he
was
writing
a
book,
but
hasn’t
finished
till
now.
(2)
一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程之中时，通常表示较短的动作用一般过去时，表示较长的动作用过去进行时。其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
She
broke
a
glass
while
she
was
cooking
the
dinner.
I
was
running
downstairs
when
I
slipped
and
fell.
3.
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
一般过去时只单纯表示过去发生过的动作或存在的状态，与现在时间没有联系，可和表示确切过去的时间、地点状语连用。现在完成时表示过去发生过的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，不能和表示确切的过去时间、地点状语连用。
She
has
promised
to
help
me.
Last
week
she
promised
to
help
me.
(2)
He
has
been
caught
by
the
police.
He
was
caught
by
the
police
at
a
restaurant.
(3)
Mr.
Black
has
lived
in
China
for
ten
years.
Mr.
Black
lived
in
China
for
3
years
in
the
1990s.
4.
过去完成时与一般过去时：
过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
He
came
up
to
the
door
of
the
house,
stood
for
a
while
and
then
entered
it.
（11）固定句式或结构中的动词时态
1.This/It
is
the
first/second
time＋that从句。that从句中用现在完成时。
如把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
come
here.
It
was
the
third
time(that)he
had
made
the
same
mistake.
2．It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
从句。since从句中用一般过去时。
如
把is改为was，则从句中用过去完成时。
It
is/has
been
three
years
since
we
have
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
had
such
a
wonderful
time.
3．was/were
about
to
do...when...
意为“将要做……(这时)突然……”。
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
【典例精析】
1.（2008全国I卷，27）
—Have
you
known
Dr.
Jackson
for
a
long
time
—Yes,
since
she
______
the
Chinese
Society.
A.
has
joined
B.
joins
C.
had
joined
D.
joined
【解析】句意：—你认识Dr.
Jackson好久时间了吗
—是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since
自从......以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。正确答案为D
2.（2008辽宁卷,23）We
first
met
on
a
train
in
2000.
We
both
felt
immediately
that
we
______
each
other
for
years.
A.
knew
B.
have
known
C.
had
known
D.
know
【解析】句意：在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇。我俩同时立刻赶到彼此认识多年了。根据题干第二句可知主句为过去时，而that
引导的宾语从句的谓语动词又发生在主句动词之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时来表示。。正确答案为C
3.（2008天津卷，14）
He
_____
football
regularly
for
many
years
when
he
was
young.
A.
was
playing
B.
played
C.
has
played
D.
had
played
【解析】句意：他年轻的时候踢了多年的足球。句中的when
he
was
young是表示过去的时间状语。题干中没有强调在过去的某个时间段正在发生某事，故排除A项；句中也没有信息词强调对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系，故排除C项；句中也没有以过去的某个时间点或动作点作为参照，故排除D项。正确答案为B.
4.（09北京）27.
The
way
the
guests
___
in
the
hotel
influenced
their
evaluation
of
the
service.
A.
treated
B.
were
treated
C.
would
treat
D.
would
be
treated
【解析】B考查时态和语态的用法。The
guests
与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。
5.（09天津）2.
My
parents
_____
in
Hong
Kong.
They
were
born
there
and
have
never
lived
anywhere
else.
A.
live
B.
lived
C.
were
living
D.
will
live
【解析】考查时态。后句意思“他们出生在香港，从来没有去过别的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，故选A。
6.（09福建）6
-Why
does
the
Lake
smell
terrible
-Because
large
quantities
of
water
.
A.
have
polluted
B.
is
being
polluted
C.
has
been
polluted
D.
have
been
polluted
【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large
quantities
of
water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。
7.（09湖南）9.—
The
food
here
is
nice
enough.
—
My
friend
______
me
a
right
place.
A.
introduces
B.
introduced
C.
had
introduced
D.
was
introducing
【解析】B考查时态的用法。句意为：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。
10.（09江西）10.
At
present,
one
of
the
apartments
in
favor
of
the
new
airport
________
that
it
will
going
a
lot
jobs
to
the
area.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
will
be
D.
were
【解析】本题考查时态的用法。A。根据at
present
=now
可知，应用一般现在时。
11.（09江西）11.
-------
What
is
the
price
of
petrol
these
days
-------Oh,
it
______
sharply
since
last
month.
A.
is
raised
B.
has
risen
C.
has
arisen
D.
is
increased
【解析】本题考查时态的用法B。
根据since
last
month
可知应用现在完成时。
12.（09江西）12.
---Do
you
want
a
lift
home
---It’s
very
kind
of
you,
but
I
have
a
much
late
in
the
office.
I
overslept
this
morning
because
my
morning
clock
_______.
A.
doesn’t
go
off
B.
won’t
gone
C.
wasn’t
going
off
D.
didn’t
go
on
【解析】本题考查时态的用法。D根据I
overslept
this
morning
可知应用一般过去时。
13.（09海南）13.
His
sister
left
home
in
1998,
and
_______
since.
A.
had
not
been
heard
of
B.
has
not
been
heard
of
C.
had
not
heard
of
D.
has
not
heard
of
【解析】句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。用现在完成时的否定结构B。
14.（09海南）14.
Edward,
you
play
so
well.
But
I
_______
you
played
the
piano.
A.
didn’t
know
B.
hadn’t
known
C.
don’t
know
D.
haven’t
known
【解析】句意为：爱德华,你打得好。但我不知道你弹钢琴。A所谈论的是指过去行为，故用过去式。
15.（09山东）15.
The
number
of
foreign
students
attending
Chinese
universities
________
rising
steadily
since1990.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
been
D.
have
been
【解析】本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是
the
number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since
1997所以用完成时态C。
16.（09山东）16.
I
was
out
of
town
at
the
time,
so
I
don’t
know
exactly
how
it
_______.
A.
was
happening
B.
happened
C.
happens
D.
has
happened
【解析】本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是at
the
time.
B
【专题突破】动词时态做题技巧如下：
1.
根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态
动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。因此敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。
2.
根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态
近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。
考生在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点：
①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。
②
正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。
③
解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:
如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态，如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。
3.
根据具体的语言环境选择时态
近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。考生要捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。
练习：
1．So
far
this
year
we
____
a
fall
in
house
prices
by
between
5
and
10
percent.
A.
saw
B.
see
C.
had
seen
D.
have
seen
2．Scientists
think
that
the
continents
______
always
where
they
______
today.
A．aren’t;
are
B．aren’t;
were
C．weren’t;
are
D．weren’t;
were
3．They
______
on
the
program
for
almost
one
week
before
I
joined
them,
and
now
we
_____
on
it
as
no
good
results
have
come
out
so
far.
A．had
been
working;
are
still
working
B．had
worked;
were
still
working
C．have
worked;
were
still
working
D．have
worked;
are
still
working
4．The
country
life
he
was
used
to
_______
greatly
since
1992.
A．change
B．has
changed
C．changing
D．have
changed
5．With
more
forests
being
destroyed,
huge
quantities
of
good
earth
______
each
year.
A．is
washing
away
B．is
being
washed
away
C．are
washing
away
D．are
being
washed
away
6．--________David
and
Vicky
________married
--For
about
three
years．
A．How
long
were；being
B．How
long
have；got
C．How
long
have；been
D．How
long
did；get
7．When
the
old
man
_______
to
walk
back
to
his
house,
the
sun
______
itself
behind
the
mountain.
A．started;
had
already
hidden
B．had
started;
had
already
hidden
C．had
started;
was
hiding
D．was
starting;
hid
8．If
their
marketing
plans
succeed,
they
____
their
sales
by
20
percent.
A.
will
increase
B.
have
been
increasing
C.
have
increased
D.
would
be
increasing
9．They
______
on
the
program
for
almost
one
week
before
I
joined
them,
and
now
we
______
on
it
as
no
good
results
have
come
out
so
far.
A．had
been
working;
are
still
working
B．had
worked;
were
still
working
C．have
worked;
were
still
working
D．have
worked;
are
still
working
10．As
soon
as
he
comes
back,
I’ll
tell
him
when
_______
and
see
him.
A．you
will
come
B．will
you
come
C．you
come
D．do
you
come
11．We
first
met
on
a
train
in
2000.
We
both
felt
immediately
that
we
______
each
other
for
years.
A.
knew
B.
have
known
C.
had
known
D.
know
12．I
got
caught
in
the
rain
and
my
suit____.
A.
has
ruined
B.
had
ruined
C.
has
been
ruined
D.
had
been
ruined
13．
The
hero’s
story
differently
in
the
newspapers.
A．was
reported
B．was
reporting
C．reports
D．reported
14．Now
that
she
is
out
of
job,
Lucy
______
going
back
to
school,
but
she
hasn’t
decided
yet.
A．had
considered
B．has
been
considering
C．considered
D．is
going
to
consider
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】D
根据时间状语so
far可知道用现在完成时，故选D
2.【解析】C本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。
3.【解析】A
此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。
4.【解析】B句中有since引导时间状语，这说明主句应为完成时，淘汰A、C。又因主语life为单数，淘汰D项，故选B。
5.【解析】D句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a
large
quantity
of
/large
quantities
of
后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。
6.【解析】C
从答语For
about
three
years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get
married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be
married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。
7.【解析】A此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。
8.【解析】A
在条件状语从句（if，as
long
as，even
if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the
moment…）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。
9.【解析】A
此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。
10.【解析】A本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据宾语从句应使用陈述语序，淘汰B、D两项，又因为宾语从句come和see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态。只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作，而宾语从句中不可，因此淘汰C。
11.【解析】C用过去完成时，有过去时间2000，表达过去的过去。
12.【解析】C在句子的情景中,表示“淋雨造成的结果”。故选C
13.【解析】A句意为“那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样”。根据句意可判断英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事，所以用过去时的某个语态，排除C项；B、D两项为主动语态，不符合题干要求。
14.【解析】B
根据所提供的情景but
she
hasn’t
decided
yet
说明了Lucy还在考虑这件事，要用现在完成进行时，表示动作还在继续。
1.The
number
of
people,
who
have
access
to
their
own
cars,
____sharply
in
the
past
decade．
A．rose
B．is
rising
C．have
risen
D．has
risen
2．一I
like
British
culture
very
much，and
I
once
went
to
London.
一How
long
______
there
A.did
you
stay
B．have
you
stayed
C．were
you
staying
D．had
you
stayed
3.If
the
weather
had
been
better,
we
could
have
had
a
picnic.
But
it_____all
day.
A．rained
B．rains
C．has
rained
D．is
raining
4.
This
kind
of
cloth
_______
well.
I
think
it
is
worthy
________.
A.
washes;
buying
B.
is
washed;
buying
C.
washes;
to
be
bought
D.
is
washed;
to
be
bought
5.
I
would
have
come
earlier，but
I
________that
you
were
waiting．
A．didn’t
know
B．hadn’t
known
C．wouldn’t
know
D．haven’t
know
6.—John
and
Lucia
got
married
last
week.
Did
you
go
to
their
wedding
—No,
I_____
a
lecture
in
another
city.
A．gave
B．have
given
C．had
given
D．was
giving
7.
The
professor,
as
well
as
his
wife，______see
a
film
tonight．
A．is
B．is
going
to
C．are
going
to
D．have
gone
to
8.—
How
dangerous
it
was！
—Yes，but
for
the
passer-by’s
quick
action,
the
girl
____
.
A．was
drowned
B．would
have
been
drowned
C．
had
drowned
D．should
be
drowned
9.
Every
day
the
boy,
together
with
his
classmates,
______
to
go
to
the
playground
and
_____
football,
____
themselves.
A.
are
noticed;
play;
enjoying
B.
is
noticed;
plays;
enjoying
C.
are
noticed;
plays;
enjoys
D.
is
noticed;
play;
enjoying
10.
Next
time
you
____here，let’s
have
lunch
together．
A．will
be
B．are
C．have
been
D．were
11.
It
seems
water
______
from
this
tap
for
some
time.
We’ll
have
to
take
it
apart
to
put
it
right.
A.
had
leaked
B.
is
leaking

C.
leaked
D.
has
been
leaking
12.
—Don’t
you
feel
surprised
to
see
Bruce
at
the
meeting
—Yes.
I
really
didn’t
think
she
________
here.
A.
has
been
B.
had
been
C.
would
be

D.
would
have
been
13.
Our
team
was
ahead
during
the
first
half,
but
we
________
in
the
last
ten
minutes.
A.
had
lost

B.
would
lose
C.
were
losing
D.
lost
14.
—
Look!
How
long
________
like
this

—Three
weeks!
It’s
usual
here
that
rain
_______
without
stopping
these
days
of
the
year.
A.
has
it
rained;
pours
B.
has
it
been
raining;
pours
C.
is
it
raining;
is
pouring
D.
does
it
rain;
pours
15.
—Can
I
help
you,
Madam

—
No,
thanks.
I_______.
A.
have
just
looked
around
B.
just
look
around
C.
just
looked
around
D.
am
just
looking
around
16.
—I
haven’t
seen
you
for
ages.
Where
have
you
been

—
I
_______
on
leave
in
Europe.
A.
have
been
B.
am
C.
was
D.
had
been
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】D
in
the
past
years通常和完成时连用，排除A
和B；由The
number
of
people可知应用单数形式，因此排除C。
2.【解析】A
又”and
I
once
went
to
London”
可知是对过去事情的陈述，因此应用一般过去时，意思是：你那时在那呆了多长时间？
3.【解析】A
If
the
weather
had
been
better,
we
could
have
had
a
picnic.此句是对过去事情的假设，但事实上下了一天雨，根据句意，最后一句应用一般过去时，表示对过去事实的陈述。
4.【解析】C动词wash
一般用主动形式表示被动意义，排除B和
D两项；be
worthy
to
do
sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此选C。
5.【解析】A
I
would
have
come
earlier这句是对过去事情的假设，后半句是对过去事情的陈述，强调刚才我不知道你们在等待，事实上现在已经知道了，因此应用一般过去时。
6.【解析】D
last
week可知事情发生在过去，Did
you
go
to
their
wedding
是对过去事情的提问，回答也应用过去时，排除选项B。根据题意，强调上周John
和
Lucia结婚时我正在另外一个城市演讲，应用过去进行时，因此选D。
7.【解析】B由tonight
这个时间状语可知应用一般将来时态，排除A
D两项；根据主谓一致，这个句子的主语是The
professor，谓语动词应用单数形式，因此答案为B。
8.【解析】B句意：要不是过路者的迅速行动，那个女孩有可能会溺水。这是对过去事情的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句部分吧时态应用情态动词+
have
done
这种形式，根据据以，应用被动语态，因此选B
9.【解析】D
这句话的主语是the
boy,
因此第一个空应用单数形式，排除选项A
和C；play
football和go
to
the
playground为并列短语，跟在不定式to
的后面，因此排除B。
10【解析】B
本题考查时态的用法。在时间、条件状语从句中，从句应用现在时表将来。Next
time引导的是一个表示将来的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时的形式；have
lunch
together是一个表示一般将来的事情。
11.【解析】D根据句中时间状语for
some
time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。
12.【解析】C根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I
really
didn’t
think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。
13.【解析】D
but前后两个半句应用相同时态，后半句是在说比赛结果，应用一般过去时lost。
14.【解析】B问某种状态持续多长时间，应用现在完成进行时，而第二个空是指一般状态，故用一般现在时，选B。
15.【解析】D此处用I
am
just
looking
around表示我只是正在随便看看，just可以和现在进行时连用，表示只是怎么怎么样。
16.【解析】C
此题可能会误选A，前者说“我好几年未见你，去哪儿了？”可见他已经回来，因此他去欧洲的动作已发生过了，应用过去时来回答where
have
you
been
A则是说我有去过欧洲的事实。