备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（词法部分）冠词

一、冠词
冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。
不定冠词的用法：
泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any,
如:
A
hammer
is
tool.
A
steel
worker
makes
steel.
泛指某人或某物。
A
boy
is
waiting
for
you.
There
is
a
book
on
your
desk.
表one或every。
We
work
8
hours
a
day.
I
go
home
twice
a
month.
表示the
same
的意思。
Birds
of
a
(=
the
same)
feather
flock
together;
people
of
a
kind
come
together.
用在不可数名词前
a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份
A
large
coffee
for
me.
It
was
a
wonderful
tea.
b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）
It
was
clear
daylight
now
and
a
fine
rain
was
falling.
There
is
a
cold
wind
this
morning.
c)（用在抽象名词前）一种
That
is
a
great
disappointment.
It’s
a
pleasure
to
work
with
you.
（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。
I
saw
a
Mrs.
Smith
on
the
12th
at
2:00.
He
had
a
Van
Gogh
in
the
dining-room.
What
a
strange
London
they
saw!
He’s
a
living
Lei
Feng.
用于某些固定词组中。
a
few,
a
little,
a
good
many,
a
lot
of,
all
of
a
sudden,
as
a
rule,
have
a
cold等。
在元音音素开头的名词前应用an,
如an
apple,
an
English
book。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如a
university,
an
hour,
an
“h”,
an
X-ray
examination.
定冠词的用法。
表特定的或上文提到的人或物。
The
boy
likes
the
film.
Shut
the
door,
please.
The
old
poor
peasant
has
a
son.
The
son
is
a
model
worker.
表示世界上独一无二的东西。
the
earth,
the
moon,
the
stars,
the
sun（但space前不用）
用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。
the
second,
the
tallest,
the
last,
the
first.
用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。
the
United
States;
the
People’s
Republic
of
China;
the
Communist
Party
of
China;
the
Chinese
People’s
Liberation
Army;
the
No.
15
Middle
School;
the
department
of
Education.
用在某些建筑物名称前。
The
Great
Hall
of
the
People;
the
Monument
to
the
People’s
Heroes;
the
Great
Wall;
the
Capital
Theatre;
the
Space
Museum;
the
Peace
Hotel。
用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。
The
Changjiang
River,
the
Red
Sea,
the
Dabie
Mountains,
the
English
Channel,
the
Taiwan
Straits,
the
Persian
Gulf。
用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。
the
People’s
Daily（但：China
Daily）
the
New
York
Times,
the
15th
Party
Congress,
the
Geneva
Agreement
用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。
on
the
left,
in
the
east,
in
the
morning,
on
the
other
hand,
in
the
end,
hit
sb
on
the
head,
catch
sb
by
the
arm
用在形容词前表一类人。
the
poor,
the
dead,
the
young,
the
rich,
the
wounded.
用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。
Give
me
the
book.
Who’s
the
man
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。
the
Smiths,
the
Greens,
the
Wangs,
the
Turners
用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。
The
horse
is
a
useful
animal.
The
computer
was
invaded
not
long
ago.
（但更多时候表特指：The
horse
is
ill.
）
指世纪的年代。
in
the
1890’s或in
the
1890s
用在表示乐器的名词前。
play
the
piano
(the
guitar,
the
violin,
the
flute)
用在某国语言前，构成the
…
language的形式。
The
English
language
is
very
widely
used
all
over
the
world.
如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。
Chinese
has
the
largest
number
of
speakers
in
the
world.
用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。
He
got
paid
by
the
hour.
They
sell
the
cloth
by
the
meter.
不用冠词的场合。
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。
China,
Johnson;
Air
is
matter.
Sound
is
invisible.
当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。　
This
book
is
good.
I
read
my
English
book
every
day.
注：指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。＊my
that
book,
应该说：that
book
of
mine.
街名、广场名、公园名前。
Wall
Street.
Tian’anmen
Square,
Hyde
Park.
省市、大学名前。
Hubei
Province
(但the
Province
of
Hubei);
Wuhan
City(但the
City
of
Wuhan);
Qinghua
University(但：the
University
of
Qinghua)
湖泊前一般不用冠词。
East
Lake,
Salt
Lake,
Dongting
Lake
山峰前不用冠词。
Mount
Hua,
Mount
Tai,
Mount
Everest
月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。
March,
Christmas,
Sunday;
Have
you
had
lunch
Spring
is
the
best
season
of
the
years.
(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。I
arrived
here
in
the
winter
of
1993.)
称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。
What’s
this,
John
We
made
Li
Hai
monitor.
学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。
We
like
maths.
They
often
play
football.
泛指的复数名词前。
Students
must
work
hard
at
their
lesson.
与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。
by
bus,
by
hand,
by
radio,
by
air,
by
water.
冠词用法巩固练习
—
I’m
afraid
I
dare
not
speak
in
______
public.
—
Just
have
______
try.
A.
a;
不填;
B.
不填;
a
C.
the;
a
D.
the;
the
As
you
know,
_____
man
can’t
live
without
____
water.
A.
不填;
不填;
B.
a;
the
C.
a;
不填;
D.
不填;
the
The
police
have
______
power
to
arrest
bad
people
by
_____
law.
A.
the;
the
B.
不填;
the
C.
不填;
不填;
D.
the;
不填;
Paris
is
______
most
beautiful
city,
where
you
can
see
_____
famous
Eiffel
Tower.
A.
a;
the
B.
a;
不填;
C.
the;
a
D.
不填;
the
—
Do
you
like
the
novels
—
I
don’t
like
either
of
them.
Please
show
me
_______
third
one.
A.
a
B.
the
C.
X
D.
an
Keep
away
from
the
cage.
_____
lion
is
______
fierce
animal.
A.
The;
the
B.
A;
the
C.
A;
不填;
D.
The;
a
The
class
named
_______
Lei
Fang
is
one
of
the
best
classed
in
this
school.
A.
in
honor
of
B.
in
the
place
of
C.
in
favor
of
D.
in
the
way
of
—
What
about
______
bike
—
Do
you
think
it
all
right
to
buy
him
that
bike
as
____
birthday
gift
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
the
D.
the
;
the
First
aid
is
_____
science
of
giving
____
medical
care
to
______
person.
A.
the;
不填;
a
B.
the;
the;
a
C.
a;
不填;
the
D.
不填;
a;
the
Please
pay
attention
to
your
spelling.
You’ve
dropped
_____
“n”
here.
A.
an
B.
the
C.
不填;
D.
a
Bill
Clinton
took
_____
office
on
January
20th,
1993,
and
became
_______
42nd
US
President.
A.
an;
the
B.
不填;
the
C.
the;
不填;
D.
不填;
不填;
—
Have
you
seen
_______
pen
I
left
it
here
this
morning
—
I
think
I
saw
_____
one
somewhere.
Is
it
______
red
one
A.
a;
the;
a
B.
a;
a;
the
C.
the;
不填;
a
D.
a;
不填;
a
—
The
news
is
spreading
from
mouth
to
mouth.
—
Yes,
it’s
become
______
talk
of
_____
town.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
不填;
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
不填;
Now
the
machine
runs
at
double
_______.
A.
a
speed
B.
speed
C.
the
speed
D.
for
speed
—
I
hope
you
will
be
ready
to
leave
on
time.
—
Don’t
worry.
I’ll
be
ready
____
the
taxi
arrives.
A.
by
the
time
B.
in
time
for
C.
at
the
time
of
D.
until
the
time
when
If
he
goes
on
swimming
in
that
lake
for
_____
four
hours,
he
_______
in
it
for
twelve
hours.
A.
another;
will
have
been
swimming
B.
a;
will
swim
C.
other;
has
swum
D.
the;
will
be
swimming
—
Charley
Oakley,
_______
NBA
All-star,
hasn’t
missed
______
game
in
past
three
years.
—
I
can’t
believe
it.
A.
an;
a
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
an;
the
—
What
did
you
think
of
the
place
—
I
didn’t
car
for
it
at
____
first,
but
after
_____
time
I
got
to
like
it.
A.
不填;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
不填;
D.
不填;
a
—
In
the
past
ten
years,
there
have
been
many
changes
in
family
life.
—
Are
these
changes
______
A.
better
or
worse
B.
for
best
or
for
worst
C.
for
the
good
or
for
the
bad
D.
for
the
better
or
for
the
worse
The
letter
_______.
I
should
have
received
it
this
morning.
A.
is
to
be
mailed
B.
has
been
mailed
C.
had
been
mailed
D.
was
being
mailed
Towards
____
morning,
_____
heavy
snow
began
to
fall.
A.
the;
a
B.
an;
a
C.
a;
不填;
D不填;
the
My
mother
is
usually
on
________
duty
in
her
office
every
______
few
days.
A.
the;
a
B.
不填;
a
C.
不填;
不填;
D.
a;
不填;
He
has
finished
_______.
A.
a
day
work
B.
day’s
working
C.
a
day’s
work
D.
a
day-work
—
May
we
come
in
right
now
—
Certainly,
but
only
two
are
allowed
______.
A.
at
a
time
B.
in
a
while
C.
at
one
time
D.
for
a
while
No
wonder
_____
failed
in
the
driving
test
for
_____
second
time.
A.
has
she;
the
B.
she
has;
the
C.
has
she;
a
D.
she
has;
a
—
When
did
you
recognize
her
—
_________
I
met
her.
A.
A
moment
B.
The
moment
C.
The
moment
when
D.
For
a
moment
—
Is
this
radio
show
still
_______
—
No.
It
will
be
broadcast
again
next
month.
A.
by
air
B.
through
the
air
C.
on
the
air
D.
in
the
air
The
evening
meal
for
Americans
is
usually
long
and
_____
for
families
to
gather
together.
A.
time
B.
a
date
C.
a
time
D.
the
date
Duffield
White,
who
is
in
_____
charge
of
the
competition,
said
that
the
boy
was
the
youngest
winner
of
_______
prize.
A不填;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;
the
D.
one;
the
The
building
was
named
Ford
Hall
________
a
man
named
James
Ford.
A.
for
memory
of
B.
in
the
memory
that
C.
in
memory
of
D.
in
a
memory
for
Oh,
Mary,
_______
you
have
given
us!
I
_______
so
soon.
how
pleasant
surprise;
had
no
idea
that
you
come
how
pleasant
surprise;
don’t
suppose
you
will
come
how
pleasant
a
surprise;
didn’t
suppose
you
would
come
what
pleasant
surprise;
don’t
think
you
have
come
These
two
rooms
are
of
_____
size.
But
another
two
rooms
are
three
times
_____
size
of
them.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
the;
a
It
is
not
rare
in
_____
that
people
in
_____
fifties
are
going
to
university
for
further
education.
A.
90s;
the
B.
the
90s;
不填;
C.
90’s;
their
D.
the
90’s;
their
—
What’s
your
elder
sister
—
She
is
____
teacher
and
_______
writer.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
不填;
C.
a;
a
D.
the;
a
Professor
Smith
had
not
given
_____
talk
on
Shakespeare
for
a
long
time,
so
he
had
to
brush
up
on
some
of
______
plays.
A.
不填;
不填;
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
不填;
D.
the;
the
______
played
an
important
roll
in
field
hospitals
during
the
war.
A.
A
X-ray
equipment
B.
An
X-ray
equipment
C.
X-ray
equipments
D.
X-ray
equipment
At
midnight
they
reached
_____
small
village
_____
east
of
_____
Ever-white
Mountain.
A.
a;
不填;
the
B.
a;
不填;
不填;
C.
the;
the;
the
D.
the;
an;
an
Young
as
he
is,
David
has
gained
_______
rich
experience
in
_____
society.
A.
不填;
不填;
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
不填;
D.
不填;
the
—
What
do
you
think
of
the
TV
play
“Hand
in
Hand”
—
Just
so-so.
However,
I
don’t
think
it
is
worth
watching
________.
A.
a
second
time
B.
the
second
time
C.
for
the
second
time
D.
secondly
The
warmth
of
______
sweater
will
of
course
be
determined
by
the
sort
of
_____
wool
used.
A.
the;
the
B.
the;
不填
C.
不填;
the
D.不填；不填
Key
1—10.
BADAA
DABAA
11—20.
BDDCA
AADAD
21—30.
ACCAD
BCCCC
31—40.
CBDBB
DAAAB