备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（句法部分）名词性从句

名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that，if，whether；疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why等。
主语从句
主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把
主语从句放在主句之后。例如：
Who
did
that
is
known
to
all.
It
is
interesting
that
you
should
like
him.
表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：
The
question
is
who
can
complete
the
difficult
task.
表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as
if引导。例如：
He
looked
as
if
he
was
going
to
cry．
同位语从句
同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有
fact，news，promise，idea，truth等。连接词用that（不用which），及连接副词how，when，
where，why等。例如：
His
delay
is
due
to
the
fact
that
the
car
went
wrong
halfway．
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
true.
She
asked
the
reason
why
there
was
a
delay．
宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：
We
can
learn
what
we
did
not
know．
He
will
talk
to
us
about
what
he
saw
in
the
U.S.
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足
语之后，用it作为形式宾语。如：
We
find
it
necessary
that
we
practise
spoken-English
every
day．
另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad,
certain等之后也可带宾语从句。如：
I
am
sure
that
he
will
succeed.
注意：
关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：
在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The
question
is
whether
the
film
is
worth
seeing.
The
news
whether
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
unknown.
Answer
my
question
whether
you
are
coming.
在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。例如：
Whether
we
shall
attend
the
meeting
hasn't
been
decided
yet.
It
hasn't
been
decided
whether
(if)
we
shall
attend
the
meeting.
在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：
It
all
depends（on）whether
they
will
support
us．
后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：
He
doesn't
know
whether
to
stay
or
not.
后面紧接or
not时。例如：
We
didn't
know
whether
or
not
she
was
ready．
引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。例如：
Whether
you
like
it
or
not，
you
must
do
it
well.
用if会引起歧义时。例如：
Please
1et
me
know
if
you
like
it.
该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。
关联词if，whether均可使用的情况如下：
引导宾语从句。例如：
I
wonder
if（whether）the
news
is
true
or
not．
在“be十形容词”之后。例如：
He
was
not
sure
whether
(if)
it
is
right
or
wrong.
关联词只能用whether
或
if，不能用that的情况如下：
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如：
I
doubt
whether
he
will
come
soon.
I
do
not
doubt
that
he
will
come
soon.
Do
you
doubt
that
he
will
come
soon？
注意：
下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为未必可能”。
I
doubt
that
he
will
come.
直接引语和间接引语。
引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接于主句。
陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。例如：
He
said，“I'm
very
glad.”
He
said
that
he
was
very
glad.
一般疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句。例如：
He
said，“Can
you
come
this
afternoon,
John？”
He
asked
whether
John
could
come
that
afternoon.
特殊疑问句变为由who，what,
when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例：
He
said，“Where
is
Mr.
Wang？”
He
asked
where
Mr.
Wang
was.
注意上述例句中时态，人称代词，时间状语的变化。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词变化如下：
一般现在时变为一般对去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一股将来时变为过去将来时；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；过去完成时仍为过去
完成时。
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。例如：
He
says，”I
cleaned
the
f1oor.”
He
says
he
cleaned
the
floor.
巩固训练
________
the
new
plan
can
be
carried
out
will
be
discussed
at
the
meeting
tomorrow.
A.
Which
B.
What
C.
That
D.
Whether
You
must
think
of
________
you
can
do
more
for
others.
A.
that
B.
how
C.
what
D.
which
They
asked
the
captain
if________
the
destination
safely.
A.
the
ship
can
reach
B.
the
ship
could
reach
C.
did
the
ship
reach
D.
the
ship
reached
________
that
not
all
the
books
are
helpful
to
me.
A.
It
seems
to
me
B.
In
my
opinion
C.
I
think
in
my
mind
D.
I
seem
There
are
a
crowd
of
people
there.
What
do
you
suppose
________.
A.
had
happened
B.
has
happened
C.
is
happened
D.
happened
________
one
of
my
ld
friends
was
on
the
flight
to
New
York.
A.
It
happened
that
B.
It
was
happened
that
C.
That
happened
D.
It
happened
to
China
is
no
longer
________.
A.
she
used
to
be
B.
that
she
used
to
be
C.
what
she
used
to
be
D.
what
she
used
to
like
The
thought
________
he
might
be
put
in
prison
worried
him
a
lot.
A.
when
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
________
the
29th
Olympic
Games
will
be
hold
in
Beijing,
China
made
all
the
Chinese
excited.
A.
What
B.
When
C.
That
D.
Whether
It
is
impossible
________
he
forgot
________
he
had
said.
A.
that;
what
B.
what;
that
C.
what;
that
D.
that;
that
The
truth
is
________
the
taxi
driver
broke
the
traffic
rule.
A.
why
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
________
we
want
to
know
is
________
the
accident
happened.
A.
That;
when
and
what
B.
What;
what
and
when
C.
That;
which
and
where
D.
What;
when
and
where.
I
wonder
how
much________.
A.
does
the
computer
cost
B.
did
the
computer
cost
C.
the
computer
cost
D.
the
computer
costs
I
have
all
kinds
of
books
there,
you
may
take
________
you
like
most.
A.
in
which
B.
from
which
C.
whichever
D.
that
—
Do
you
remember
________
he
came
—
Yes,
I
do,
he
came
by
car.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
that
D.
if
There
can
be
no
doubt
________
he
is
qualified
for
the
job.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
that
D.
which
I
have
no
information
about
________
he
will
come
or
not.
A.
if
B.
either
C.
whether
D.
what
Now
we
have
little
idea
________
life
they
were
then
living.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
how
It’s
widely
believed
________
milk
and
eggs
are
nutritious.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
if
D.
whether
It’s
doubtful
________
we
shall
be
able
to
come.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
when
The
official
asked
me
________
to
build
this
plant.
A.
how
long
it
was
taken
B.
how
long
it
had
taken
C.
how
much
time
did
it
take
D.
how
much
time
it
was
taken
He
made
a
promise
________
he
would
help
me.
A.
what
B.
when
C.
that
D.
which
This
is
________
the
Salt
Lake
City
lies.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
when
It
looked
________
it
was
going
to
rain.
A.
as
if
B.
if
C.
as
D.
whether
It
depends
on
________
he
was
enough
money.
A.
if
B.
if
or
not
C.
whether
or
not
D.
whether
________
gets
home
first
is
to
cook
the
supper.
A.
Who
B.
Whom
C.
Those
who
D.
Whoever
________
Wang
Feng
looked
after
the
old
woman
a
whole
year
moved
us
all.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
When
D.
Why
________
I
can’t
understand
is
________
he
doesn’t
want
to
go.
A.
What;
why
B.
That;
that
C.
Which;
for
D.
Why;
because
I
don’t
doubt
________
he
will
attend
the
meeting.
A.
that
B.
if
C.
what
D.
whether
It
worried
her
a
bit
________
her
hair
was
turning
gray.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
if
D.
whether
The
teacher
asked
________
with
me.
A.
what
was
the
wrong
B.
what
the
matter
was
C.
what
matter
was
D.
what
was
the
matter
________
we
do
must
be
in
the
interests
of
the
people.
A.
What
that
B.
Whichever
C.
No
matter
D.
What
ever
Tell
me
________
your
brother
looks
like.
A.
how
B.
what
C.
all
that
D.
that
Word
came
________
the
president
would
come
to
visit
our
city.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
why
D.
which
The
trouble
is
________
we
are
short
of
money.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
how
D.
why
No
one
can
be
sure________
in
a
million
years.
A.
What
man
will
look
like
B.
what
will
man
look
like
C.
man
will
look
like
what
D.
what
look
will
man
like
–Hurry
up,
or
we’ll
be
late
for
the
meeting.
--There
are
still
a
few
minutes
left,
I
don’t’
think
it
________
until
7:30.
A.
will
begin
B.
is
to
begin
C.
is
beginning
D.
was
to
begin
Are
you
suggesting
that
I
________
unfit
for
the
job
A.
am
B.
were
C.
shall
be
D.
be
________that
the
70
years
old
man
can
pass
the
college
entrance
examination
this
time
A.
That
is
hoped
B.
It
is
hoped
C.
People
are
hoped
D.
It
hoped
We
think
____
_
necessary
_____
a
college
student
should
master
at
least
one
foreign
language.
A.
that;
that
B.
that;
that
C.
it;
that
D.
that;
it
________
do
you
think
is
the
best
player
on
our
national
women
volleyball
team
A.
Whom
B.
What
C.
Of
whom
D.
Who
________
we
can’t
get
seems
better
than
________
we
have.
A.
what;
what
B.
What;
that
C.
That;
that
D.
That;
what
I
would
rather
you
________
tomorrow
than
today.
A.
come
B.
will
come
C.
came
D.
is
coming
Who
do
you
imagine
________
at
the
meeting
tomorrow
A.
to
speak
B.
speaking
C.
spoken
D.
will
speak
—
Do
you
believe
Mary
will
come
to
the
party
tonight
—
________.
A.
No,
I
believe
not
so
B.
No,
I
don’t
believe
C.
No,
I
don’t
believe
so
D.
Of
course
she
won’t
KEY:
1—10.
DBBAB
ACDCA
11—20.
CDDCA
CCCAB
21—30.
BCCAD
DAAAB
31—40.
DDBBB
AAABC
41—45.
DACDC