备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（句法部分）虚拟语气

虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中：
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
条
件
从
句
主
句
动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）
would
(should,
could,
might)＋动词原形
If
I
were
you,
I
shouldn’t
do
that.
We
would
go
with
you
if
we
had
time.
We
could
ask
him
if
he
were
here.
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,
I
would
ring
him
up.
表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
条
件
从
句
主
句
had
＋过去分词
would
(should,
could,
might)＋have＋过去分词
If
he
had
seen
you
yesterday,
he
would
have
asked
you
about
it.
If
you
had
come
earlier,
you
would
(might)
have
met
him.
I
should
(would)
have
called
you
if
I
had
known
your
telephone
number.
3．表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
条
件
从
句
主
句
动词过去式或should
＋
动词原形或were
to
＋
动词原形
would
(should,
could,
might)＋动词原形
If
it
should
rain,
the
crops
would
be
saved.
If
it
were
to
snow
tomorrow,
they
would
not
go
out.
※
在实际运用中，主句中的谓语和条件从句中的谓语动词所发生的时间往往不一致，这时应作相应的调整：
If
he
had
followed
the
doctor’s
advice,
he
would
be
all
right
now.
If
it
should
be
fine
tomorrow,
we
should
have
bought
the
ticket
yesterday.
※
有时条件从句可用介词短语或分词短语所替代，如：
Without
our
Party,
we
could
not
live
a
happy
life.
The
boy
would
have
died
but
for
the
doctor.
Given
more
time,
I
could
have
finished
the
work
remarkably.
※
虚拟条件句往往可以省略if,
采取将had,
should,
were提到句首的倒装句式表达。如：
If
he
were
here,
he
would
help
you.
>>>
Were
he
here,
he
would
help
you.
If
you
had
asked
him
for
it,
he
would
have
given
it
to
you.
>>>
Had
you
asked
him
for
it,
he
would
have
given
it
to
you.
If
you
should
go
there
tomorrow,
you
could
have
a
good
time.
>>>
Should
you
go
there
tomorrow,
you
could
have
a
good
time.
二、一些“should
＋
动词原形”虚拟语气的用法
在动词suggest,
order,
demand,
propose
(建议),
prefer,
request,
urge
(力劝、竭力主张),
desire
(愿望),
insist,
decide,
require,
advise,
command
(命令、指挥),
arrange等后面的宾语从句中，一般用
“should
＋
动词原形”（should往往可以省略）。如：
I
suggest
that
we
(should)
hold
a
meeting
tonight.
He
ordered
that
all
(should)
take
part
in
the
work.
They
insisted
that
we
(should)
begin
the
work
at
once.
※
当insist作“坚持（认为）、坚持（应该）”解时才用虚拟语气，而作“力言、强调”解时不用虚拟语气；当suggest作“建议”解时才用虚拟语气，而作“暗示、表明”
解时不用虚拟语气。这两个动词比较特殊。试比较：
Mike
insisted
that
we
(should)
go
with
him.
Mike
insisted
that
he
had
never
stolen
the
bike.
He
suggested
that
we
(should)
have
another
try.
His
smiling
face
suggested
that
he
was
satisfied
with
my
answer.
2．在名词suggestion,
order,
proposal,
plan,
desire,
request,
decision,
idea,
advice等之后接表语从句或同位语从句时，也应该用“should
＋
动词原形”。如：
The
decision
that
we
should
build
another
new
school
made
us
very
happy.
My
suggestion
is
that
we
should
go
outing
next
Sunday.
在It
is
suggested,
ordered,
decided,
proposed,
requested等的被动语态句式后所接的主语从句中，谓语同样用“should
＋
动词原形”。
It
is
ordered
that
we
should
started
out
before
eight
o’clock
tomorrow
morning.
It
is
suggested
that
we
should
delay
the
sports
meet.
在It’s
a
pity,
a
shame,
no
wonder
(不足为奇),
strange,
surprising,
natural,
remarkable,
important,
necessary,
anxious等之后所接的从句中谓语动词通常用“should
＋
动词原形”。
It’s
a
shame
(a
pity,
no
wonder)
that
you
should
be
so
careless.
It’s
necessary
(
important,
natural
…)
that
we
should
clean
the
room
every
day.
I’m
anxious
that
he
should
come
here
tomorrow.
这里的should
意为“应该”，“竟然”，指说话人对事实表示出惊奇的感情，可以省略。但不可换用would。
※
若不表示惊奇的感情，that从句也可用陈述语气。
It
is
strange
that
he
did
not
come
yesterday.
It
is
a
pity
that
you
can’t
swim.
在for
fear
that
(以免),
lest
(以免;惟恐)，等所引导的状语从句中常用“should
＋
动词原形”。
You’d
get
up
early
tomorrow
morning
lest
/
for
fear
that
you
should
miss
the
early
bus.
三、虚拟语气的一些其它用法
“wish
＋宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜…”，“…就好了”，
“悔不该…”,“但愿…”等。
it
were
spring
all
the
year
round.
I
could
visit
the
United
States
next
year.
I
wish
that
you
had
arrived
there
two
hours
earlier.
I
was/were
studying
in
Beijing
University
now.
I
had
already
finished
middle
school.
在It
is
(high)
time
(that)
…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should
＋
动词原形”（should不能省略，
be用
were）
It’s
time
(that)
I
went
to
school.
It’s
time
(that)
I
should
go
to
school.
在would
rather/sooner/as
soon
(that)
从句中应用虚拟语气。
I
would
rather
(that)
Comrade
Zhang
helped
me
with
my
English.
虚拟语气在as
if
(as
though),
even
if
(even
though)
等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用。
He
looks
as
if
he
were
an
artist.
She
treats
him
as
if
he
were
her
husband.
Even
if
he
were
here,
he
couldn’t
solve
the
problem.
虚拟语气用在if
only
所构成的感叹句中表示一种遗憾。
If
only
I
had
taken
his
advice!
(要是我听他的话就好了。)
If
only
I
were
a
bird!
(我要是一只小鸟就好了。)
用“may
＋动词原形”表示“祝愿”，“但愿”。
May
you
be
happy.
May
you
succeed.
情态动词的过去时用于现在时态，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。
It
would
be
better
for
you
not
to
stay
up
too
late.
Would
you
be
kind
enough
to
open
the
door
Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
You
had
better
go
now.
巩固练习
The
teacher
demanded
that
the
exam
__________
before
eleven.
A.
must
finish
B.
would
be
finished
C.
be
finished
D.
must
be
finished
She
made
the
demand
that
she
__________
at
once.
A.
leave
B
.
leaves
C.
left
D.
to
be
left
He
is
talking
so
much
about
America
as
if
he
__________
there.
A.
had
been
B.
has
been
C.
was
D.
been
Mother
insisted
that
the
child’s
hands
__________
before
dinner.
A.
should
wash
B.
be
washed
C.
would
wash
D.
had
washed
The
young
man
insisted
that
he
__________
nothing
wrong
and
__________
free.
A.
did;
set
B.
had
done;
should
be
set
C.
do;
be
set
D.
had
done;
must
be
set
Mother
suggested
that
I
__________
my
homework
first
before
watching
TV.
A.
did
B.
do
C.
shall
do
D.
have
done
My
suggestion
was
that
the
meeting
__________
off
till
next
week.
A.
to
put
B.
be
put
C.
should
put
D.
be
putting
The
suggestion
has
been
made
__________
the
basketball
game
__________
put
off.
A.
for;
to
B.
that;
be
C.
which;
should
be
D.
to;
being
The
commander
ordered
that
the
wounded
__________
to
hospital
right
away.
A.
to
be
sent
B.
be
sent
C.
send
D.
should
send
The
order
came
that
the
medical
supplies
__________
to
the
village
without
delay.
A.
would
be
sent
B.
should
send
C.
be
sent
D.
must
be
sent
They
requested
that
he
__________
on
the
radio.
A.
spoke
B.
speaks
C.
speak
D.
would
speak
It
is
important
that
we
__________
wild
animals.
A.
will
protect
B.
should
protect
C.
shall
protect
D.
are
protecting
It
is
necessary
that
the
problem
__________
at
once.
A.
solves
B.
should
solve
C.
should
be
solved
D.
will
be
solved
It
is
strange
that
he
__________
interest
in
much
of
his
research.
A.
should
have
lost
B.
would
lose
C.
had
lost
D.
will
lost
Had
you
listened
to
the
doctor,
you
__________
all
right
now.
A.
are
B.
were
C.
would
be
D.
would
have
been
__________
I
be
free
tomorrow,
I
could
go
with
you.
A.
Could
B.
Should
C.
Might
D.
Must
__________
to
do
the
work,
I
should
do
it
some
other
way.
A.
If
were
I
B.
I
were
C.
Were
I
D.
Was
I
__________
today,
he
would
get
there
by
Friday.
A.
Would
he
leave
B.
Was
he
leaving
C.
Were
he
to
leave
D.
If
he
leaves
__________
your
letter,
I
would
have
written
back
two
days
ago.
A.
If
I
received
B.
Should
I
received
C.
Had
I
received
D.
If
I
have
received
If
it
were
not
for
the
fact
that
you
__________
ill,
I
would
ask
you
to
do
this
right
now.
A.
were
B.
had
been
C.
care
D.
be
Should
it
rain,
the
crops
__________.
A.
would
be
saved
B.
would
have
been
saved
C.
will
be
saved
D.
had
been
saved
You
__________
earlier.
The
bus
left
a
moment
ago.
A.
would
come
B.
should
have
come
C.
may
come
D.
have
come
He
treated
me
as
though
__________
his
own
son.
A.
I
am
B.
I
would
be
C.
I
was
D.
I
were
He
smiled
as
if
he
__________
my
thought.
A.
read
B.
was
reading
C.
had
read
D.
has
read
I
__________
you
some
money,
but
I
hadn’t
any
on
me
then.
A.
would
lend
B.
would
have
lent
C.
could
lend
D.
may
have
lent
A
few
minutes
earlier
and
we
__________
the
train.
A.
have
caught
B.
had
caught
C.
could
have
caught
D.
were
to
caught
—
Have
you
even
been
to
Beijing
—
No,
but
I
wish
I
__________.
A.
have
B.
will
C.
do
D.
had
Where
is
Mr.
Smith
I
wish
I
__________
him
at
once.
A.
can
find
B.
will
find
C.
could
find
D.
could
have
found
I’m
glad
I
went
over
all
my
notes,
otherwise
__________.
A.
I
may
have
failed
B.
I’d
fail
C.
I’d
have
failed
D.
I’ll
have
failed
It’s
time
we
__________
to
bed.
A.
must
go
B.
will
go
C.
went
D.
have
gone
If
I
__________
you,
I
would
try
again.
A.
am
B.
was
C.
were
D.
be
If
only
I
__________
as
young
as
you
are!
A.
being
B.
am
C.
be
D.
were
You
__________
such
a
serious
mistake
if
you
had
followed
his
advice.
A.
may
not
make
B.
might
have
not
made
C.
shouldn’t
have
made
D.
might
not
have
made
1—10.
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11—20.
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21—30.
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31—33.
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