备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（句法部分）主谓一致

主谓一致
英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。在做涉及主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼。究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全。笔者对此问题作一总结,供同学们参考。一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:
一、语法一致原则
主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
(1)主语后面有as
well
as,
with,
together,
along
with,
but,
like,
except,
including等非并列连接性短语时,
谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响,
仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
No
one
except
two
boys
was
late
for
school.
There
was
a
bill
along
with
the
parcel.
The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
this
painting.
(2)由and或both.…and连接的名词作复合主语时,
谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
The
red
rose
and
the
white
rose
are
very
beautifu1.
Both
bread
and
butter
were
sold
out
in
that
shop.
但要注意,
如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念,
即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词),
则主语表示单数意义。例如:
The
secretary
and
principal
of
the
schoo1
was
present
at
the
meeting.
The
writer
and
poet
has
decided
to
be
on
holiday
in
Guilin.
(3)在each.…and
each...,
every
...and
every...,
no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
There
is
no
sound
and
no
voice
in
the
reading
room.
In
China
every
man
and
every
woman
has
the
right
to
vote
on
this
problem.
(4)
either,
each,
neither或no
+单数名词以及由no,
some,
any,
every等
构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数形式。例如:
Is
everyone
here
today
Each
of
us
has
a
new
book.
Neither
is
correct.
需要说明的是：在口语中,如果either,
neither和none后面有
"of
+复数名词/代词"
作主语时,
动词用单数或复数形式均可。例如:
Neither
of
them
is/are
correct.
None
of
the
doctors
have/has
been
to
the
Great
Wall.
但要注意
"none
of+单数名词"
作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。
(5)
动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
To
say
is
one
thing,
to
do
is
another.
Seeing
is
believing.
What
he
has
done
is
right.
但由what引导的主语从句作主语时,
如果其表语是复数形式,
谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如:
What
he
took
with
him
were
three
books.
(6)
many
a后接单数名词时,
谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Many
a
pilot
was
killed
in
the
air
raid.
(7)由a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
the
rest/majority
of
+名词,以及由
"分数或百分数+名词"
等构成的短语作主语时,
其谓语动词的单、复数形式则要根据名词的单、复数而定。例如:
Two-thirds
of
the
profit
was
made
on
that
deal.
The
rest
of
the
students
are
boys.
Two
percent
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
boys.
There
is
still
lots
of
water
in
the
lake.
(8)在倒装句中,
谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。例如:
On
the
desk
are
many
different
books.
Such
are
the
facts.
There
goes
the
bell.
二、就近一致原则
如果句子有两个或两个以上的主语时,
谓语动词的单复数形式是根据靠近它的主语的单复数来确定的。它主要用于下列情形:
⑴由or,
either...or...,
neither...nor,
not
only...but
also...,
not...but...等连接并列主语时。例如:
Not
only
he
but
also
I
don't
know
of
the
matter.
Not
only
I
but
also
he
doesn't
know
of
the
matter.
Either
he
or
his
classmates
are
going
to
Guilin
today.
(2)在
"there
be
..."
句型中。例如:
There
is
an
apple,
two
pears
and
some
oranges
on
the
plate.
There
are
three
students,
two
viewers
and
our
headmaster
talking
together.
三、逻辑意义一致原则
该原则指的是:
谓语动词的单复数形式不是根据语法形式而是根据主语的内在涵义(即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数的涵义,
反之亦然)确定的。
(1)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等名词,
尽管其形式是复数,但在概念上是一个整体,
它作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Thirty
minutes
is
enough
for
the
work.
Ten
multiplied
by
three
makes
thirty.
Ten
dollars
is
too
dear.
Two
hundred
miles
is
a
good
distance.
(2)书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报刊名、国名等的复数形式往往用作单数。例如:
The
United
States
is
a
developed
country.
The
Arabian
Nights
is
an
interesting
story-book.
(3)family,
group,
class,
army,
government,
team,
enemy等集体名词表示整体概念时应看作单数,但表示组成的个体成员时,
应看作复数。例如:
Our
family
lives
in
Wuhan.
My
family
like
watching
TV
at
weekend.
The
football
team
are
having
lunch
now.
His
class
is
on
the
second
floor.
注意:
people,
police,
cattle等集体名词作主语时,常表示复数涵义。
(4)
"the+形容词/分词"
结构作主语表示一类人时,
常看作复数;
表示抽象概念时,
常看作单数。例如:
The
blind
are
often
looked
down
upon
at
present.
The
wounded
were
still
not
well
treated.
The
beautiful
lives
forever.
(5)某些以
"-s"
或
"-es"
结尾的表示疾病、学科、游戏等名称的名词和means,
news,
works等常看作单数。例如:
Diabetes
(糖尿病)
is
a
very
serious
disease.
Every
means
has
been
tried
to
save
the
boy.
An
iron
works
is
far
from
here.
(6)what,
who,
which,
more,
most,
all等代词作主语时,表示的是单数还是复数涵义要根据意义或上下文来确定。例如:
Which
are
your
books
All
is
going
well.
All
have
gone
to
Beijing.
(7)
"one
and
a
half+名词复数"
表数量作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
One
and
a
half
pears
has
been
left
on
the
table.
总之,在语言实践中,
我们不仅要记住一般的语法规则,更要把握好有些名词的内在涵义,
注意提高辨别能力,
才能做好有关主谓一致的题目。
巩固训练
All
but
one
__________
present
at
the
meeting
just
now.
A.
is
B.
was
C.
has
been
D.
were
Not
only
I
but
also
Jane
and
Mary
__________
tired
of
having
one
examination
after
another.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
am
D.
be
A
library
with
five
thousand
books
________
to
the
nation
as
a
gift.
A.
is
offered
B.
has
offered
C.
are
offered
D.
have
offered
When
and
where
to
build
the
new
factory
________
yet.
A.
is
not
decided
B.
are
not
decided
C.
has
not
decided
D.
have
not
decided
The
number
of
people
invited
____
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
____
absent
for
different
reasons.
A.
were;
was
B.
was;
was
C.
was;
were
D.
were;
were
At
the
bus
stop
__________
a
soldier
and
two
young
people
on
their
way
to
the
village.
A.
were
B.
was
C.
is
D.
sits
If
law
and
order
________,
neither
the
citizen
nor
his
family
is
safe.
A.
are
not
preserved
(维护)
B.
is
not
preserved
C.
were
not
preserved
D.
haven’t
been
preserved
The
speaker
at
the
meeting
agreed
that
the
ways
in
which
television
can
educate
a
person
______
almost
infinite
(无限的).
A.
be
B.
are
C.
is
D.
was
There
________
little
change
in
that
middle
school.
A.
have
B.
had
C.
have
been
D.
has
been
Setting
fires
to
public
buildings
__________
very
dangerous.
A.
are
B.
were
C.
have
D.
is
The
teacher,
as
well
as
a
lot
of
students,
__________
invited
to
the
ball
yesterday.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
are
The
quality
of
the
books
__________
poor.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
have
D.
has
One
of
the
doctors
__________
open.
A.
is
B.
are
D.
have
D.
were
__________
better
wages
and
working
conditions.
A.
What
interest
the
workers
most
are
B.
What
interests
the
workers
most
are
C.
What’s
interesting
the
workers
most
is
D.
What
interests
the
workers
most
is
Many
a
student
and
teacher
________
practice
in
this
factory.
A.
is
having
B.
have
C.
are
having
D.
having
The
thief
was
being
searched
for
by
the
police
who
________
running
after.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
The
rich
________
for
the
proposal,
but
the
poor
against
it.
A.
is;
is
B.
are;
are;
C.
was;
was
D.
is;
are
Each
boy
and
each
girl
in
our
class
________
to
see
the
film.
A.
want
B.
is
wanting
C.
wants
D.
was
wanting
The
class
________
TV
in
the
classroom
when
the
teacher
came
in.
A.
is
watching
B.
was
watching
C.
are
watching
D.
were
watching
Over
70
percent
of
the
population
of
China
________
peasants.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
are
More
than
one
answer
________
to
the
question.
A.
had
given
B.
were
given
C.
has
been
given
D.
have
been
given
The
Arabian
Nights
________
well
known
to
English
lovers.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
were
D.
was
I,
who
________
your
good
friend,
will
share
your
joys
and
sorrows.
A.
was
B.
is
C.
are
D.
am
At
the
foot
of
the
mountain
________
a
lot
of
trees.
A.
are
grown
B.
is
standing
C.
grow
D.
stands
Going
to
bed
early
and
getting
up
early
________
a
good
habit.
A.
are
B.
is
C.
be
D.
will
be
—
________
either
he
or
I
fit
for
the
job
—
Neither
he
nor
you
________.
A.
Am;
are
B.
Is;
are
C.
Are;
are
D.
Is;
is
I
don’t
think
three
days
________
enough
for
such
a
trip.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
isn’t
D.
aren’t
Every
means
________
tried.
A.
has
been
B.
have
been
C.
are
D.
were
Films
of
this
kind
________
not
worth
seeing.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
did
D.
has
He
brought
me
two
novels
and
an
English
dictionary.
Such
________
the
gifts
he
gave
me.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
are
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