备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解（句法部分）状语从句

状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开：放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意文和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等九种。
时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用连词有when，as，while，before，after，since，till（until），as
soon
as，hardly…when…，no
sooner…than，the
moment等。时间状语从句一般不用将来时，因此，主句若为将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时。如：
I'll
go
on
with
the
work
when
I
come
back
tomorrow.
when,
while与as的异同
作为从属连词，三者的意思都是“当…时候”，在用法上有如下异同点。
在主句的谓语动词表示短暂动作，而从句说的是一段时间发生的动作时，三个连词都可
以。如：
I
met
him
as／when／while
I
was
doing
some
shopping.
从句动作发生的时间如果是某一点，而且主句动作同时或几乎同时发生时，不能用while，
而只能用when或as。如：
I
met
him
as/when
I
was
getting
off
the
bus.
当从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when，如：
I
will
ring
you
up
when
I
return.
主句用进行时态，从句动作发生的时间如果是某一点，只能用when。如：
My
mother
was
cooking
the
supper
when
I
got
home.
如果主句和从句的动作都在一段时间发生，可用as或while，只不过as强调主句和从
句中的动作同时发生，而while强调主句的动作延续于while所指的整个时间。
As
I
put
on
my
coat，something
fell
out
of
the
pocket
onto
the
floor.
While
he
was
in
prison，Joe
Hill
continued
to
write
songs
to
keep
up
the
worker's
fight．
when的从属连词用法
when作为从属连词引导时间状语从句，既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。如：
When
we
got
home，it
was
already
eight
o'clock.
Come
again
when
you
have
time．
但在下面这组句子中，when引导的不是时间状语从句，通常不译成“当…的时候”。
One
evening
some
of
Napoleon's
soldiers
were
drinking
together
when
a
young
Frenchman
brought
a
fiend
to
their
table.
He
had
just
got
into
bed
about
half
past
eleven
when
he
felt
the
floor
shaking
under
him.
An
Arab
was
walking
alone
through
the
desert
when
he
met
two
men.
I
was
just
going
to
explain
when
the
bell
rang．
在以上例子中，各句的中心不在前面，而在when引导的分句上。而且when引导的句
子说明的情况是事先未曾预料到的，有一定的突然性。when的意思为and
at
that
moment
或and
suddenly。
when引导的这种句子不能放在句首。翻译时常常译成并列句。
till（until）表示
“一直到…”时，主句用持续性动词的肯定式，从句也用肯定式：表示“直
到…才…”，主句用非持续性动词的否定式，从句用肯定式。
例如：
He
did
not
get
up
till
his
mother
came
in.
He
worked
until
it
was
dark.
as
soon
as，和the
moment引导的从句表示“—…就…
”用no
sooner。…than和hardly…when
引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。例如：
As
soon
as
I
finish
the
work，
I’ll
go
to
see
you．
Hardly
had
I
entered
the
room
when
I
heard
a
loud
noise．
让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although（though），as，even
if，．however,
whatever，no
matter＋when／how／what／who／where等词引导。
though和although
although是较正式语体，语气化（even）though强，且一般用在句首。（even）though比较通俗，较常用。下列情况只能用though：
在部分倒装的从句中，如：
Young
though
he
was，he
was
burdened
with
a
big
family.
在as
though，even
though等短语中though不能用although代替。值得注意的是，不管
though还是although，都不能与but连用。
由as引导的让步状语从句
由as连词引导的让步从句是一种部分倒装句，其结构通常是：adj.(adv,
n
或v)＋as＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分＋（主句）。注意，名词前不用冠词。如：
Tall
as
he
is，he
cannot
reach
the
top
shelf．（前面是形容词）
Fast
as
he
ran，
he
missed
the
first
bus．（前面是副词）
Hero
as
she
is，she
is
modest。（前面是名词）
Try
as
I
might，I
couldn't
lift
the
stone．〔前面是动词原形〕
上述句子中的as都可以用though代替。下面三种结构意思相同：
Though
he
was
a
child
(
Child
as
he
was
/
Child
though
he
was)，he
has
won
three
gold
medals
in
sports．
原因状语从句
for，because，since，as表示原因
for和because，since，as一样，都可作“因为”讲。但它不表示产生某种结果的必然因果关系，它们之间用逗号分隔开。because表示产生某种结果的必然因果关系，是全句的中心，主句反而成了次要的部分，有时主句甚至可以省略。回答why的问题只能用because．比较：
It
must
have
rained
last
night，for
the
ground
is
wet．
The
ground
is
wet
because
it
rained
last
night．
since和as表示原因的份量不如because那么重，而且通常放在句首。如：
Since
you
say
so，I
suppose
it's
true.
As
it
is
raining，I
will
not
go
out.
for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列分句前面，表示一种推理或解释，或用作附加说明，
而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，常译成“因为”，“其理由是”。例如：
The
day
breaks，
for
the
birds
are
singing。
for表示因果关系时，可以同because交替使用，但for前须用逗号，而because
则不必。
because用于否定句中时，有没有逗号意义是不相同的。
I'm
not
interested
in
him，because
he
is
poor．（否定主句）
我对他不惑兴趣是因为他很穷。
I'm
not
interested
in
him
because
he
is
poor．（没有逗号时，否定转移到从句）
我不是因为他很穷才对他感兴趣。
条件状语从句
条件状语从句用if,
unless（if...not），as（so）long
as（只要）等词引导，如果主句是将来时，
条件状语从句用一般现在时表示：
As
long
as
I
live，I
shall
work
hard。
I
shall
not
go
to
school
unless
I
finish
my
homework.
※
unless与if
unless和if都可引导条件状语从句，但意义不同。unless的意思是if
not，两者常可互换。如：
I'll
go
if
my
wife
is
invited
too。＝I
won't
go
unless
my
wife
is
invited
too，
有时虽没有not，而反义词语也可互换。如：
I
go
for
a
walk
every
day
if
weather
permits．＝I
go
for
a
walk
unless
bad
weather
stops
me．
地点状语从句
地点状语从句常用where，wherever等连词引导。
Wherever
you
go，I'll
follow
you.
注意where引导的地点状语从句不要和定语从句相混淆。
We
shall
go
where
working
conditions
are
difficult．（状语从句）
We
shall
go
to
the
place
where
working
conditions
are
difficult.（定语从句）
结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由so，so
that，的…that，such…that引导，放在主句之后。例如：
The
box
is
so
heavy
that
nobody
can
move
it.
It
is
such
a
heavy
box
that
nobody
can
move
it.
So
heavy
the
box
is
that
nobody
can
move
it．（可用倒装结构）
注意不要和定语从句混淆：
Zhangjiajie
is
such
a
marvelous
place
that
everyone
wants
to
visit
it.
（that引导状语从句）
张家界是如此神奇的地方，人人都想去游玩。
Zhangjiajie
is
such
a
marvelous
place
as
everyone
wants
to
visit.（as引导状语从句并作宾语）
张家界是如此一个人人都想去游玩的神奇的地方。
目的状语从句
目的状语从句常由so
that，in
order
that，lest／for
fear
that等引导，放在主句之后。
so
that，
in
order
that
They
started
early
so
that
they
might
arrive
in
time．
＝They
started
early
so
as
to／in
order
to
arrive
in
time.
He
works
hard
in
order
that
he
can
serve
he
country
well.
注意：
so
that和so
as
to均不能位于句首.
与so
that作结果状语的区别。如：
He
hurried
to
the
station
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.（表目的）
=
He
got
to
the
station
hurriedly
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus．
他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，为的是能搭上早班车。
He
hurried
to
the
station
so
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.（表结果）
=
He
got
to
the
station
hurriedly
so
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
=
He
got
to
the
station
so
hurriedly
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
lest
和for
fear
that所连接的状语从句里常用should或原形动词以免；生怕；唯恐（that
用于fear
worry等词之后起连接作用，无实际意义）
They
started
out
early
for
fear
that
they
(should)
miss
the
train.
Be
careful
lest
you
fall
from
that
tree。要当心，以免从树上摔下来。
I
was
afraid
lest
he
might
come
too
late。我怕他来得太晚。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as，just
as，as
if,
as
though等引导。as
if和as
though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。例如：
The
old
man
runs
very
fast
as
if
he
were
a
young
man.
You
may
do
as
you
please.
比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由as。…as，than，not
so。…as…，the
more．…the
more等词引导。比较从句部分常是省略句。例如：
I
know
you
better
than
he
does.
The
more
we
can
do
for
you，
the
happier
we
will
be.
巩固训练
I
think
that
you
are
younger
________.
A.
than
you
are
looked
B.
than
you
look
like
C.
than
you
look
D.
than
you
are
like
It
was
________
that
I
couldn’t
finish
it
by
myself.
A.
so
difficult
a
work
B.
such
a
difficult
work
C.
so
difficult
work
D.
such
difficult
work
The
busier
the
workers
are,
________
they
feel.
A.
the
more
happiness
B.
the
more
happy
C.
the
happier
D.
the
much
happier
________
you
go,
you
should
bear
your
motherland
in
your
mind.
A.
Where
B.
Wherever
C.
However
D.
Whatever
________
had
we
hurried
home
________
it
began
to
pour
down.
A.
No
sooner;
when
B.
Hardly;
when
C.
Hardly;
that
D.
As
soon
as;
when
Mr.
Wu
seldom
comes
here.
________
he
comes,
I’ll
let
you
know.
A.
Once
B.
As
C.
Unless
D.
while
Though
he
is
very
young.
________
he
knows
three
foreign
languages.
A.
but
B.
and
C.
however
D.
yet
________
you
are
here,
you
should
go
and
say
hello
to
your
teacher.
A.
As
B.
Because
C.
For
D.
Now
that
Mr.
Smith
has
been
ill
________
he
came
to
China
from
France
last
year.
A.
as
B.
because
C.
since
D.
when
There
is
not
much
chance
of
winning
the
competition.
________,
you
can
have
a
try.
A.
Completely
B.
Therefore
C.
Although
D.
Anyhow
The
speaker
raised
his
voice
________
he
might
be
heard
clearly.
A.
so
as
to
B.
in
order
to
C.
in
case
D.
so
that
How
time
flies!
Three
months
has
passed
________
we
know.
A.
since
B.
before
C.
when
D.
after
—
Shall
I
put
the
book
away
—
No.
leave
it________
it
is.
I
haven’t
finished
it.
A.
in
the
place
B.
there
C.
where
D.
here
It
is
sever
years
________
I
left
Paris.
A.
when
B.
after
C.
before
D.
since
—
The
air
is
polluted
seriously.
—
It’ll
be
get
worse
________
something
is
done
about
pollution.
A.
but
B.
unless
C.
besides
D.
if
You
can
use
my
car
________
you
come
back
before
Firday.
A.
unless
that
B.
on
condition
that
C.
whenever
D.
as
if
________
the
letter,
tears
kept
coming
down
from
her
eyes.
A.
To
read
B.
Reading
C.
She
was
reading
D.
While
she
was
reading
Mr.
Brown
is
a
warm-hearted
person,
he
helps
me
________
I
ask
him
to.
A.
whatever
B.
whenever
C.
only
D.
however
________
what
may
happen,
I
won’t
change
my
mind.
A.
Even
if
B.
Although
C.
Since
D.
No
matter
It
won’t
be
long
________
we
meet
again.
A.
after
B.
before
C.
since
D.
when
You’ll
surely
make
progress
________
you
work
with
a
strong
will.
A.
unless
B.
until
C.
as
long
as
D.
as
well
as
He
was
walking
along
the
street
________
he
heard
someone
crying
“help”.
A.
while
B.
when
C.
as
D.
which
________
they
visited
the
Great
Wall,
they
showed
great
interest
in
it.
A.
The
first
time
B.
For
the
first
time
C.
At
first
D.
Until
I
didn’t
manage
to
do
it
________
you
had
explained
how.
A.
until
B.
unless
C.
after
D.
when
—
What
was
the
party
like
—
Wonderful,
it’s
years
________
I
engaged
myself
so
much.
A.
after
B.
when
C.
before
D.
since
________
strong
the
temptation,
don’t
stay
in
any
job
long.
A.
Though
B.
Even
if
C.
Whatever
D.
However
It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
________
he
or
she
wants.
A.
however
B.
whatever
C.
whichever
D.
whenever
After
liberation,
a
new
school
building
was
put
up
________
there
had
once
been
a
temple.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
there
I
wonder
if
he
________
us,
and
I
think
if
he
________
us
we’ll
be
able
to
complete
the
task
ahead
of
time.
A.
will
help;
will
help
B.
helps;
will
help
C.
will
help;
helps
D.
helps;
helps
________
we
fail,
we
________trying.
A.
Even
although;
shall
never
stop
B.
Even;
will
not
stop
C.
Even
though;
won’t
stop.
D.
Even
if;
don’t
stop
________
telephone,
tell
him
I’m
out.
A.
Anyone
B.
Whoever
C.
Who
D.
No
matter
They
did
not
stop
fighting
________
there
was
no
enemy
left.
A.
since
B.
when
C.
after
D.
until
I
was
about
to
leave
my
house
________
the
phone
rang.
A.
after
B.
when
C.
as
D.
while
She
thought
I
was
talking
about
her
daughter,
________,
in
fact,
I
was
talking
about
mine.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
which
D.
while
________
a
young
man,
he
was
fond
of
hunting.
A.
When
B.
While
C.
As
D.
Like
He
always
gets
up
early
________
he
can
find
some
time
to
read
English
in
the
morning.
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
when
D.
for
She
loves
the
little
girl
________
she
were
her
own.
A.
even
if
B.
as
if
C.
if
D.
because
The
little
girl
is
going
to
stay
with
her
aunt
________.
A.
until
her
mother
comes
back
B.
until
her
mother
will
come
back
C.
when
her
mother
comes
back
D.
before
her
mother
will
come
back
Lin
Tao
is
sure
to
come
to
help
you
________
his
homework.
A.
as
soon
as
he
will
finish
B.
the
moment
he
has
finished
C.
as
soon
as
he
finished
D.
the
moment
he
had
finished
He
can
make
cakes
________
his
mother
does.
A.
so
that
B.
lest
C.
just
as
D.
in
order
that
They
use
computers
so
that
the
physical
examination
________
be
sped
up.
A.
would
B.
could
C.
shall
D.
can
You
will
have
to
buy
the
book
________
you
like
it
or
not.
A.
as
B.
whether
C.
if
D.
though
She
continued
to
write
________
she
had
always
done.
A.
as
if
B.
before
C.
as
D.
when
I
don’t
think
she’ll
be
upset,
but
I’ll
see
her
________
she
is.
A.
unless
B.
in
case
C.
until
D.
though
She
had
given
Robert
all
her
saving,
________
they
________
able
to
buy
their
own
house.
A.
so
that;
were
B.
so
that;
might
be
C.
in
order
that;
were
D.
such
that;
were
Key:
1—10.
CDCBB
ADDCD
11—20.
DBCDB
BDBDB
21—30.
CBAAD
DBBCC
31—45.
BDBDC
ABABC
DBCBA
“so
that”
,”so…that”
和
“such…that”
在学习so
that
和so…that从句时，有相当一部分同学认为：so
that
是用来构成目的状语从句的，而so…that则是用来构成结果状语从句的。其实，情况并不是这样。
so
that同样可以用来引导结果状语从句，无论是否有副词作状语或形容词作表语，这就要得从意义上和so
that从句的结构上来考虑，表目的的so
that状语从句中通常情况下都含有一个情态动词。试比较：
He
hurried
to
the
station
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
（表目的）
=
He
got
to
the
station
hurriedly
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，为的是能搭上早班车。
He
hurried
to
the
station
so
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
（表结果）
=
He
got
to
the
station
hurriedly
so
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
=
He
got
to
the
station
so
hurriedly
that
he
caught
the
early
bus.
他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果搭上了早班车。
※
但若副词或形容词是放在so
…that之间，就算that从句中含有情态动词也只能表示结果。
The
boy
was
so
stupid
that
he
couldn’t
work
out
the
maths
problem.
这个男孩很笨，所以他解不出这道数学题。
注：
①
表目的的so
that
从句可以用in
order
that
替换；若主句和从句的主语一致的时候还可以用so
as
to或in
order
to将其转换为简单句。如：
I
got
up
early
so
that
I
could
be
in
time
for
the
morning
exercises.
→
I
got
up
early
in
order
that
I
could
be
in
time
for
the
morning
exercises.
→
I
got
up
early
so
as
to
/
in
order
to
be
in
time
for
the
morning
exercises.
②
有时为了加强语气，in
order
that
从句或in
order
to短语还可以放到句首，但so
that
和so
as
to却不行。如：
In
order
that
I
could
be
in
time
for
the
morning
exercises,
I
got
up
early.
In
order
to
be
in
time
for
the
morning
exercises,
I
got
up
early.
③
当so…that（或so
that）结构的主句中有副词作状语或形容词作表语时，必须用so
+
adv.
/
adj.
+
as
to才可以将其转换为简单句来表示结果，否则是表示目的。试比较：
I
spoke
so
loud
as
to
be
heard
by
everyone.
（表结果）
我讲得声音很大，结果大家都听清楚了。
I
spoke
loud
so
as
to
be
heard
by
everyone.
（表目的）
我很大声地讲，是为了大家能都听清楚
④
在so
+
adv.
/
adj.
+
that所构成的结果状语从句中，人们常常把so
+
adv.
/
adj.
移到句首并将谓语动词倒装来表示强调。例如：
So
hard
did
the
boy
study
that
he
passed
the
exam.
So
clever
is
the
boy
that
he
can
answer
the
question.
⑤
人们在口语中常省去so…that的that，也有人省去so而保留that。如：
She
was
so
excited
(that)
she
could
hardly
fall
asleep.
She
was
(so)
excited
that
she
could
hardly
fall
asleep.
在书写中省去that时，最好加上逗号，把句子的两个部分隔开。例如：
She
was
so
excited,
she
could
hardly
fall
asleep.
so…that和such…that都可以构成结果从句，所不同的是so…that之间接形容词或副词，而
such…that之间接名词。一般情况下，即使名词前有形容词修饰也不能换用so…that。例如：
The
boy
is
so
clever
that
everyone
likes
him.
The
boy
is
such
a
fool
that
he
can’t
understand
it.
Titanic
is
such
a
moving
film
that
all
of
us
want
to
see
it.
The
teacher
gave
the
children
such
wonderful
picture
books
that
they
got
wild
with
joy.
注：
①
当such…that之间用“不定冠词
+
形容词
+
单数名词”时，可以用so…that替换，但得将不定冠词和形容词颠倒位置。例如：
That
was
such
an
important
party
that
I
had
to
take
part
in
it.
→
That
was
so
important
a
party
that
I
had
to
take
part
in
it.
②
当such…that之间的可数名词前用many或few修饰，不可数名词前用much或little修饰时，只能用so…that构成结果从句。例如：
I’ve
got
so
few
apples
that
I
cannot
divide
them
among
the
children.
I
have
so
much
homework
to
do
that
I
can’t
go
to
the
cinema
with
you.
③
当little表示“小”而不是“少”的意思时，仍然用such…that.
试比较：
They
are
such
little
children
that
they
cannot
do
the
work
well.
这些孩子太小，他们做不好这项工作。
I
have
so
little
money
that
I
can’t
buy
the
computer.
我的钱太少买不起这部电脑。
such…that万不可与such…as混用。such…that中的that是连词，用来引导状语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分；而such…as中的as是关系代词，用来引导定语从句并在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。试比较：
Zhangjiajie
is
such
a
marvelous
place
that
everyone
wants
to
visit
it.
（that引导状语从句）
张家界是如此神奇的地方，人人都想去游玩。
Zhangjiajie
is
such
a
marvelous
place
as
everyone
wants
to
visit.
（as引导定语从句并作宾语）
张家界是如此一个人人都想去游玩的神奇的地方。
“Since”时间从句中的谓语形式和意义
首先请同学们看1993年的一道高考题：
—
What
was
the
party
like
─
Wonderful.
It’s
years
________
I
enjoyed
myself
so
much.
A.
after
B.
before
C.
when
D.
since
正确选项为D。意为：“你觉得这次聚会怎么样？”
“棒极了，我好多年都没有这么痛痛快快地玩了。”这里的It’s
years
since
I
enjoyed
myself
so
much
=
I
haven’t
enjoyed
myself
so
much
for
years.
为什么
“enjoy”
的意义在这里变成了否定的呢？
这是因为enjoy是持续性动词。当持续性动词用在since从句中时，其意义不同于非持续性动词。下面做一下分类解释：
一、在since时间从句中用非持续性动词时，时间的计算应从该动作发生之时开始；
若是用持续性动词，时间的计算则应从该动作结束之时开始。例如：
①
I
haven’t
seen
him
since
he
left
Wuhan.
自从他离开武汉以来，我一直没见过他。（这里的left为非持续性动词，时间的计算应从left的动作发生之时开始。）
②
I
haven’t
seen
him
since
he
lived
in
Wuhan.
自从他不住在武汉以来，我一直没见过他。（这里的lived为持续性动词，时间的计算应从lived的动作结束之时开始。）
以上的句①和句②的意思基本相同。句②since从句中的谓语lived的意义是否定的，而又不能将其改为
didn’t
live，这是英语的一种表达习惯。又如:
She
has
stayed
at
her
uncle’s
since
she
was
ill.
她自病愈以来就一直住在她叔叔家里。（这里was
ill是持续性的“状态”，用在since从句中同样表示这种“状态”的结束，也就是“不生病”或“病愈了”）
二、任何语法都不是绝对的，例外情况总是存在的。有时候，since从句中的持续性动词同样可以表示动作或状态延续到现在，时间的起点可以从动作或状态的发生之时开始，但通常在since之前加上
“ever”
以加强since的语意。例如：
I’ve
known
her
ever
since
I
was
a
child.
我自孩提时代起就认识她了。
I
haven’t
been
to
the
cinema
ever
since
I
owned
the
TV
set.
自从我拥有了这台电视机，我就没有去电影院看过电影。
另外，也可以将since从句中的谓语改为完成时态来加强语意而使持续性动作或状态延续到现在，但值得注意的是在since从句中用完成时态并不是很常见的。
He
has
been
looking
for
a
job
since
he
has
been
laid
off.
自从他下岗以来就一直在找工作。
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
has
lived
abroad.
自从他在国外居住以来我一直没有收到他的来信。
注意：
since从句中如果是用的非持续性动词，则无论在since前加ever还是将since从句中的谓语改为完成时态来加强语意，从句中谓语动词的动作都没有什么持续性。例如：
My
granny
has
been
catnapping
ever
since
the
film
began
\
since
the
film
has
begun.
自电影一开始，我奶奶就一直在打瞌睡。
三、在“It
is
+
时间
+
since-从句”
的结构中，情况则不一样。它表示从过去某一时刻起到现在（说话时刻）为止的一段持续时间的总和，从句中通常都用一般过去时，但无论用持续性还是非持续性动词都表示动作或状态的完成，时间的起点应该是在动作或状态完成的那一刻开始算起。例如：
①
It
is
six
years
since
I
joined
the
Party.
我入党已经有六年了。
②
It
is
six
years
since
I
was
in
Beijing.
我不在（离开）北京已经有六年了。
在句②中，无论在since从句前加ever还是在从句中用have
been都无法表达“我已经在北京呆了六年”的意思。又如:
It
is
about
five
years
since
my
father
(has)
smoked.
我父亲不吸烟已经约五年了。
(=
It
is
about
five
years
since
my
father
gave
up
smoking.)
所以，本文开头的那道高考题“It’s
years
since
I
enjoyed
myself
so
much.”
应译为“我好多年都没有这么痛痛快快地玩了。”这样才与上下文逻辑上一致。
四、但是，如需要since从句表示某一持续性的动作或状态从发生之时起一直延续到现在的时刻，那么可将since改为that，并且谓语必须用完成时态。试比较：
①
It
is
about
seven
years
since
we
(have)
lived
in
the
countryside.
我们约7年不住在乡下了。
②
It
is
about
seven
years
that
we
have
lived
in
the
countryside.
我们住在乡下约有7年了。
=
We
have
lived
in
the
countryside
(for)
about
seven
years.
其实，句②就是一个“It
is
+
time
+
that”所构成的强调句型。
注意：强调句中的谓语绝不可用非持续性动词的肯定式，但可用其否定式。因为否定式表示该动作没有发生，是一种状况，这种状况是可以持续的。比较：
（正）(1)
It
is
three
weeks
that
he
hasn’t
come
here.
（正）(2)
He
hasn’t
come
here
for
three
weeks.
（误）(1)
It
is
three
weeks
that
he
has
come
here.
（误）(2)
He
has
come
here
for
three
weeks.
(但句若(2)理解成“他到这儿来了，打算呆三个星期”则是正确，那么for
three
weeks作“目的状语”而非“时间状语”了。)