(共27张PPT)
高考英语
第一部分 语法知识及运用
专题8 名词和主谓一致
考点二 主谓一致
撬点·基础点
重难点
撬法·命题法
解题法
撬题·对点题
必刷题
vector
icons:
shiny
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点击进入WORD文稿A．单句填空
1．Yangshuo
________(be)
really
beautiful.
A
study
of
travelers
conducted
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
答案 is [句意：阳朔很漂亮……。根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，又因为Yangshuo是单数名词，所以这里用is。]
2．The
famous
musician,
as
well
as
his
students,
________
(invite)
to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
答案 was
invited [主语后带有as
well
as连接的成分时，谓语动词应和主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓语动词应与the
famous
musician在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且musician与invite之间为被动关系，再根据句中标志词at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was
invited。]
3．Generally,
students'
inner
motivation
with
high
expectations
from
others
________
(be)
essential
to
their
development.
答案 is [句意：一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是重要的。由with连接的两个成分作主语，即A
with
B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和students'
inner
motivation保持一致，用单数。本句说的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时态。]
4．The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
(be)
around
$8,450
a
year,
which
is
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
答案 are [句意：这所大学估计留学生一年的生活费用大约是8450美元，这对于他们中的一些人来说是个负担。因为宾语从句的主语是living
expenses，是复数，所以谓语动词要用复数形式are。]
5．All
the
scientific
evidence
shows
that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
________
(be)
damaging
our
health.
答案 is [句意：所有的科学证据都表明，化学制品在农业上使用得越来越多，而这正在危害我们的健康。that引导的从句为宾语从句，且从句的主语是use，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；本句说的是客观事实，故时态应用一般现在时。]
6．I
can't
remember
her
face
now
but
recalling
the
incident
________
(make)
me
happy.
答案 makes [句意：我现在记不起她的脸了，但是回顾那次事件让我很高兴。动名词短语recalling
the
incident作主语，谓语动词用单数。]
7．Saving
money
________
(be)
what
you
need
to
start
several
months
before
you
move
out.
答案 is [句意：省钱是你开始行动之前几个月需要开始的。动名词短语saving
money作主语，谓语动词用单数。]
8．I
was
paid
nine
dollars
an
hour,
which
________
(be)
three
dollars
more
than
the
school
post
office
paid
us.
答案 was [句意：我每小时被支付九美元，这比学校邮局支付我们的要多三美元。作定语从句主语的关系代词which指代nine
dollars；表示钱数的名词复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数；根据主句时态判断此空填was。]
9．But
nothing
has
prepared
the
bears
for
the
danger
that
________
(threat)
the
only
home
they
know.
答案 threats [句意：但是熊们对威胁到它们所知的唯一的家的危险没有任何准备。作定语从句主语的关系代词that指的是先行词danger，故从句谓语动词用单数；由主语时态判断填一般现在时单数第三人称形式。]
10．We
all
got
excited
when
someone
spotted
an
Australian
tailed
eagle,
which
________
(be)
the
symbol
of
the
Australian Pacific
railway.
答案 is [句意：当有人发现澳大利亚无尾雕的时候我们变得兴奋起来，它是澳太铁路的象征。在非限制性定语从句中作主语的关系代词which指代eagle，谓语动词用单数；从句所讲的内容是事实，句子应该用一般现在时，故填is。]
B．单句改错
1．The
basketball
coach,
as
well
as
his
team,
were
interviewed
shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance.
________________________________________________________
答案 were→was [句意：比赛后不久，因为表现出色，这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as
well
as时，谓语动词的数不受短语的影响，仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after
the
match...可知，事情发生在过去，所以用过去式。]
2．One
of
the
most
important
factors
that
influenced
their
satisfaction
as
volunteers
were
the
amount
of
suffering
they
experienced
in
their
volunteer
positions.
________________________________________________________
答案 were→was [句意：影响他们作为志愿者的满意程度的最重要因素之一是在他们志愿者位置上所经历的痛苦的量。分析句子结构知，that引导的从句修饰factors，one
of“……之一”，故谓语动词用单数，将were改为was。]
3．The
factory
used
65
percent
of
the
raw
materials,
the
rest
of
which
was
saved
for
other
purposes.
________________________________________________________
答案 was→were [句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩下的被储存起来另作他用。the
rest
of...作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。此处which指代先行词raw
materials，故从句谓语动词用复数。又由主句时态可知，这里应用过去式。]
4．The
fact
that
so
many
people
still
smoke
in
public
places
suggest
that
we
may
need
a
nationwide
campaign
to
raise
awareness
of
the
risks
of
smoking.
________________________________________________________
答案 suggest→suggests [句意：仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害性的认识。本句说明一个客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时，而且主语是the
fact，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]
5．One third
of
the
country
is
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
is
black
people.
________________________________________________________
答案 第二个is→are [句意：这个国家的三分之一被森林覆盖，大部分公民是黑人。“分数/百分比/majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。故应用are。]
6．Nowadays
signs
prohibiting
smoking
is
a
common
sight
in
restaurants,
tea
houses
and
shopping
malls.
________________________________________________________
答案 is→are [句意：如今禁止吸烟标志是餐馆、茶馆和购物中心常见的标志。分析句子结构可知，这里的主语是可数名词的复数形式，再结合上下文的句意可知，这里要用一般现在时。]
7．A
recent
survey
shows
that
the
number
of
children
who
come
from
the
countryside
with
their
parents
be
nearly
320,000
in
Beijing.
________________________________________________________
答案 be→is [句意：最近的一项调查显示，在北京与他们的父母一起从农村来的孩子接近320000人。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句主语是number，且句子为现在时态，所以填is。]
8．Our
school
along
with
many
other
brother
middle
schools
are
to
take
another
joint
test
next
month.
________________________________________________________
答案 are→is [句意：我们学校下月将和很多兄弟学校进行联考。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是our
school，它后面的along
with短语不影响谓语动词，而且由next
month可知这里应该是be
to
do结构，表示计划或安排好的将来。]
9．They
say
that
the
football
team
as
well
as
the
coach
has
been
invited
to
the
TV
show
to
talk
about
their
experiences
during
the
past
few
years.
________________________________________________________
答案 has→have [句意：他们说足球队员们以及教练已受邀参加电视节目来谈谈他们过去几年的经历。that引导宾语从句的主语是the
football
team，其后虽有as
well
as...短语，但谓语动词不受其影响，仍与主语一致。集体名词the
football
team在此侧重成员，表示复数意义，故将has改为have。]
10．—Lydia,
what
did
our
headteacher
say
just
now
—Every
boy
and
every
girl
as
well
as
the
teachers
who
are
to
lead
the
group
are
asked
to
be
at
the
school
gate
before
6：30
in
the
morning.
________________________________________________________
答案 第二个are→is [句意：——莉蒂亚，我们的校长刚才说什么了？——每个学生以及领队的老师们都要求早上6点半前到达学校大门口。分析句子结构可知，“who
are...group”是定语从句，修饰teachers；主句主语是前面的every
boy
and
every
girl，所以用单数形式。主语后虽有as
well
as...，但谓语动词不受其影响。]
易错题一：名词及名词数的误用
[例1] The
boy
had
the
________
(appear)
of
being
starved.
[错解] appearing
[错因分析] 不少考生在空格处容易误填appearing。
[答案] appearance
[心得体会]
[例2] Good
shoes,
clothes
and
a
backpack
are
the
basic
________
(equip)
you
need
for
your
hiking.
[错解] equipments
[错因分析] 考生看见系动词为are而误填equipments。
[答案] equipment
[心得体会]
易错题二：就近原则及就远原则的误用
[例1] Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
________
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
[错解] are
[错因分析] 考生误认为主语为you而填are。
[答案] is
[心得体会]
[例2] The
teacher
together
with
the
students
________
discussing
Reading
Skills
that
________
newly
published
in
America.
[错解] are;
were
[错因分析] 考生误认为主语为the
students而误填are；第二空中Reading
Skills为书名，但考生只注意到了名词Skills为复数而误填were。
[答案] is;
was
[心得体会]A．单句填空
1．In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,
what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
________
(able)
to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
using
electric
equipment.
答案 ability [句意：除了它们的简单美之外，这种土坯房值得赞扬的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。根据前面的物主代词their可知后面应用名词，故应用able的名词形式ability。]
2．Some
schools
will
have
to
make
________
(adjust)
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
答案 adjustments [句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校不得不进行调整。make
adjustments是固定搭配，意为“进行调整”。]
3．—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
—I'd
like
to,
but
I'm
afraid
she
won't
be
happy
with
my
________
(apologize)．
答案 apologies/apology [句意：——去向你的母亲道歉，大卫。——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉不满意。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语。又因为apology是可数名词，所以这里也可用复数形式。]
4．...for
most
of
us
the
________
(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,
like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.
答案 changes [句意：……对我们大多数人来说，这种变化是逐渐的，而且需要很多努力和工作，比如清理被污染的河流。所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应为名词；根据are可知应用复数形式。]
5．...I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep________.
答案 breath [句意：……我要停下来深吸一口气。take
a
deep
breath意为“深呼吸”，是固定短语。]
6．Zhangzhou
City
has
gained
a
good
________
(repute)
for
having
successfully
hosted
the
Flower
Expo.
答案 reputation [句意：漳州市因成功举办了花卉博览会而赢得美誉。由空前的冠词a及形容词good，可断定此处应用名词单数形式。repute为不可数名词，故填reputation。gain
a
good
reputation意为“获得好名声”。]
7．The
video,
Under
the
Dome,
has
rapidly
pushed
the
public
________
(aware)
about
air
pollution
and
encouraged
people
to
join
in
efforts
to
make
a
difference.
答案 awareness [句意：视频“穹顶之下”迅速提高了公众对空气污染的意识，并鼓励人们通力合作有所作为。public后应用名词，所以填awareness。]
8．________
(curious)
is
part
of
children's
nature.
They
always
insist
on
getting
to
the
bottom
of
everything.
答案 Curiosity [句意：好奇是孩子们天性的一部分。他们总是对什么都刨根问底。设空处为主语，因此本空需用名词形式。]
9．—Thank
you
very
much
for
everything.
You've
been
so
helpful.
—My________
(please).
Just
let
me
know
if
there
is
anything
else
I
can
do
for
you.
答案 pleasure [句意：——非常感谢你所做的一切。你对我们帮助太大了。——不客气。如果还有其他什么我可以帮得上忙的，只管告诉我。形容词性物主代词后需要用名词，please的名词形式为pleasure。my
pleasure(对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答)意为“不客气，很乐意效劳”。]
10．If
a
young
man
wants
the
________
(flexible)
to
move
to
a
different
city
in
future
years,
he
should
keep
renting
instead
of
buying
a
house.
答案 flexibility [句意：如果一个年轻人想要在未来的几年里可以随意搬到不同的城市，他应该租房而不是买房。考查名词。flexibility意为“弹性，灵活性”。]
B．单句改错
1．One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
stressful
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
________________________________________________________
答案 stressful→stress [句意：减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。设空处作动词reduce的宾语，故用名词形式。reduce
stress意为“减压”。]
2．There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.
Give
it
some
think
and
then
let
me
know.
________________________________________________________
答案 think→thought [句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案，认真考虑一下然后再让我知道。some后需用名词形式，而thought作“考虑，思索”讲时为不可数名词，故答案为thought。give
sth.
thought意为“认真考虑某事”。]
3．When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
balanced
and
had
a
bad
fall.
________________________________________________________
答案 balanced→balance [句意：这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡，重重地跌了一跤。根据题干中的had
a
bad
fall可推知设空处应为balance。lose
one's
balance意为“失去平衡”。]
4．My
parents
always
attach
great
important
to
my
getting
a
good
education.
________________________________________________________
答案 important→importance [句意：我的父母一直认为，我接受好的教育是非常重要的。attach
importance
to意为“认为……很重要”。]
5．We
most
prefer
to
say
yes
to
the
request
of
someone
we
know
and
like.
________________________________________________________
答案 request→requests [句意：我们更愿意满足自己熟悉且喜欢的人所提的要求。根据前面的定冠词判断，本空需要用名词形式；request作“要求”讲是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以用其复数形式。]
6．So
I
asked
her
why
she
sat
there
in
silent.
________________________________________________________
答案 silent→silence [句意：因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。in
silence意为“沉默”，位于介词后，作宾语，用名词形式。]
7．They
can
decide
to
change
their
cultures
in
order
to
meet
various
situation.
________________________________________________________
答案 situation→situations [句意：为了适应各种形势，他们可以决定改变他们的文化。可数名词situation前有various修饰，故填复数形式。]
8．For
that
moment,
everything
bad
or
terrible
that
has
happened
to
him
is
removed,
because
that
smile
is
what
gives
him
the
determine
to
love
himself.
________________________________________________________
答案 determine→determination [句意：在那一刻，一切发生在他身上的不幸都随风而去了，因为那个微笑给了他爱自己的决心。在定冠词后需接名词形式，且determination作“决心”讲时是不可数名词。故改为determination。]
9．I
suppose
the
teacher
will
take
his
ill
into
account
and
give
him
a
pass.
________________________________________________________
答案 ill→illness [句意：我认为老师会考虑到他的疾病，让他通过考试。作take的宾语，有形容词性物主代词his修饰，故填名词；illness在此指“疾病”，是不可数名词，不需要复数形式变化。]
10．Was
it
because
of
his
lazy
that
he
didn't
do
the
experiment
successfully
________________________________________________________
答案 lazy→laziness [句意：是他的懒惰导致他做实验不成功的吗？分析句子结构可知，空格前面有人称代词his，所以这里要用名词形式。](共27张PPT)
高考英语
第一部分 语法知识及运用
专题8 名词和主谓一致
考点一 名词
撬点·基础点
重难点
撬法·命题法
解题法
撬题·对点题
必刷题
vector
icons:
shiny
and
D-set
2
考纲展示命题探究
点击进入WORD文稿
