2010年高考英语最后一讲（修订）
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2010年高考英语最后一讲○内部交流
——江苏省丰县中学(群益分校)高三英语考前辅导材料
同学们：
高考的钟声即将敲响，号角即将响起！经过高三阶段系统、全面的复习，你们在英语方面取得了很大的进步。其实，复习到现在，你们已经准备得相当充分了，只要你充满信心走进考场，胜利就在向你招手。
在考试前认真反思一下各个题型的答题技巧比做几道练习更重要。但愿这套英语考前指导材料能对你们有所帮助。长风破浪，直济沧海；蟾宫折桂，舍我其谁？就让我们跺掉脚上的灰尘，拍着自己坚实的胸膛，向高考宣战！预祝大家在2010年高考中超越自我，创造六月辉煌！
听力篇
一、听力测试的应试步骤
1． 放松 放松情绪和集中精力并不矛盾，过于紧张的情绪有碍考生的正常发挥；反之，放松一下情绪，比如考前的深呼吸或闭目片刻都可使考生心情平静下来，一旦开始播音，考生便很容易进入答题状态。
2． 预览 考生应充分利用播音前及中间间歇时间预览听力题的题干和选项，并对听力材料的话题内容进行预测，这是考生在听力测试中应掌握的一个重要步骤。
3． 预测
（1）听前预测
①根据题干信息进行预测 语言交际离不开语境。比如：在学校，常出现教师和学生的谈话，谈论内容通常为学习、考试、作业等问题；在医院，常出现医生和病人的谈话，谈论内容多为病情、治疗、健康等问题。如果我们从题干中获取了某些方面的信息，就可以预测对话的语境、人物身份及对话的大体内容。这种方法尤其适用于回答询问对话发生的地点、谈话人之间的关系及各自职业的试题。
②抓住关键词进行预测 对于一些询问说话人行为状态、事件原因以及推断性的题目来说，所给选项的句子一般较长，成分也较复杂，预测语言信息较难。对这类题目可采用比较选项，分清相同点与不同点，特别要注意各选项中重复出现的关键词汇，从关键词入手，对要听的内容进行预测。
（2）听中预测
①根据关联词进行预测 使用不同的关联词可导致表达的内容迥然不同。
例如 2004年高考（北京卷）试题第一节第2小题：
W：Can you tell us what you like doing in the evening？
M：Well, I like music. I listen to a lot of pop music, but most of all I like watching TV. It’s much better than reading a book.
Question：What is the man’s favorite free time activity？
A． Watching TV．B． Reading a book．C． Listening to music．
不少学生刚听了前半句，就选择了C这一答案。然而，若多注意预测能力的培养，留意关联词，就不会只听半句话就匆匆选择，而应在听到but一词后，立即联想到这是在否定前面的观点，并由“most of all”引出了问题的答案应是A。
②根据信号词进行预测
(2009南通三模)5. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a tourist office.
B. In a doctor’s office.
C. In an employment office.
Text:
M: Here is my CV. There are three copies.
W: Have you brought your certificate as well.
M: No, I haven’t. I am awfully sorry. Can I send them to you.
W: Yes, that’ll be all right. Now let’s talk about the post.
4． 答题原则
（1）弃前保后，弃小保大 考生在听力测试中，遇到前面有听不懂的地方不必惊慌，可暂时放下此题，听好后面的内容，集中精力捕捉后面的信息。
（2）随听随记，把握信息 听力材料中的一些数字、地名或人名等细节信息仅凭大脑短时记忆是不够的，需借助笔记。记笔记应提纲挈领，只记主题句和关键词，对有把握的一些信息，不必浪费精力和时间去记，而应利用剩余的时间掠读试卷上的题干和选项。记笔记时应尽量使用缩写词和符号，这样可以大大提高记笔记的速度，例如：for example（eg），watched TV（tv），in the afternoon（aft—n）等。
二、高考听力题型分析与应试
1． 确定地点
★答题策略：掌握并联想与某些地点有关的关键词语。
a． At a school： classroom, grade, textbook, mark, pass the exam, failure, break, exam-paper, absent from school, attend school, excellent.
b． At a bank：check, cash, currency, deposit, passbook, interest rate, change money, cash a check, credit card.
c． At a restaurant：dinner, snack，order, vegetables, drink, menu, Chinese food，Western－style food, dessert, taste, delicious, bill, check.
2． 估算数字
★答题策略：考生不仅要熟悉数字的读法，更要注意时间、价格、距离、日期及有关量词等的表示方法。对于需要计算或推理的题目，考生还要注意准确理解录音中的倍数、百分比等数量概念，以及表示比较意义的句型结构。比如： double, twice, three times, as big as, ten minutes late, half the price, five percent等。
3． 推理判断
★答题策略：这类试题相对较难，要求考生不仅要听懂对话内容，而且要从两人的谈话内容中判断谈话结果、行为趋向或逻辑关系等。对话中常常是Speaker l提出问题或请求，Speaker 2表示观点或建议，接下来Speaker l可能同意、接受，也可能反对、拒绝，最后的态度也可能不很明朗，需要考生依据谈话内容和谈话人的语气做出判断。答这类试题时，考生应注意以下几种句式和结构：
（1）比较结构（2）虚拟句式 （3）表示赞成的句式 （4）表示否定的句式 （5）表示让步的句式
4． 分析原因
★答题策略：听力考试中，若想答好原因题，需注意一些表示因果关系的连词、介词和句型。
表示因果关系的连词有：because, since, as, for, now that, so that, therefore, hence, etc．
表示因果关系的介词有：for, by, through, because of，as a result of, thanks to, due to, etc．
表示因果关系的句型有：以表示情感的形容词 + that从句为例：Mary is so glad／pleased／surprised that she got the first prize in the contest．
听力常见词汇及句型 一级重要词汇：
reserve/reservation, reception/receptionist/reception, desk, register/registration/book
名词：rent, style, reservation, conference, grades, return flights, accommodation, details, destination, flat/apartment, section, a king’s room, shower, deadline,
动词：reserve, spare, register, sign, appreciate,
形容词：available, amazing, scaring, boring, incredible, grand, extra, awful, digital, punctual,
副词：definitely, down, though, slightly,
词组：check out, start off, look into, now that, in a long run, on behalf of, bound for, apart from, tour/scenic spots, take/leave a message, drop in on/at, put sb. at ease, drop sb. off, in stock,
句型：1.Then all set 2.Take your time. 3. Anything but cheap. 4.No wonder…
5. It’s a deal. 6. You’re kidding. 7. Can we make it… 8.That’s the way it is. 9. It depends. 10. It’s not intended for scientists, either.
单选篇
1．谨防紧邻信息的误导，避免定势思维。
在学习过程中，老师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调，以加深学生的印象，学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。
【例1】My parents have always made me _______ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good ( 2007 江苏 35 )
由于我们对I am feeling well today. 形成了思维定势，容易错选C. 这里不表示身体好，而是表示自我感觉好。选D.
【例2】--- I can't find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning
--- It was in the hotel ______ he stayed.
A. where B. which C. the one D. that
此题最大的干扰项是D，考生很可能把它看作强调结构。但根据句意，它要表达的是“在他呆的宾馆里找到他的”。所以，实际上是在stayed后省略了that I found him，即全句可完整地表达为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I found him。因此，答案为A。
【例3】Though life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies_______ more professional knowledge.
A. to get B. to getting C. rather than get D. rather than to get
考生容易错选B。但仔细分析句意，应选A，表示目的。
2. 注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向
一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等，在一定程度上干扰考生的思维。
【例1】My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried （2008 上海 30）
分析句子结构，an experienced rider是插入语，同时，主语my sister与try之间为主动关系，首先排除D项；而后考虑sit on the bicycle与try to balance it 同时发生，可知B项为正确答案。
【例2】Who do you think you’d rather _____ the tape recorder
A. have to repair B. have fixed C. get repaired D. get to repair
在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：
I think I would rather have the man fix the tape recorder.
I think I would rather get the man to fix the tape recorder.
在这两句中，假若对名词the man 提问，便可得出：Who do you think you would rather have repair the tape recorder / Who do you think you would rather get to repair the tape recorder
【例3】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析: 由于中间有逗号， 意味着后面的部分是状语。由于该部分前面没有连词，故不能用谓语形式。 因此要用finished构成独立主格结构。
3.查看主宾表定-------缺啥补啥句健全
当考察名词性从句或定语从句时，依次优先观察从句中是否缺主语，宾语，若缺某一成分，就得选择能够充当该成分的选项。若主语、宾语、表语或定语都不缺，就再观察句子是否缺哪类状语，选择能够充当该状语的选项，以补全句子结构。
Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C how D whether
解析: what 引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语,what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语.
We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.
A that B which C what D whom
解析: 本题考察非限制性定性定语从句,介词of后面缺宾语,能够作宾语且能够引导定语从句的关系代词which 和whom， 由于非限制性定性定语从句用来说明前面指人的名词people， 故用whom充当介词of的宾语。
热门知识点：
时态语态：
要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，还要注意体会动词在具体的语言环境中的使用。语态通常结合时态一起考查，解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法(寻找时间标志词)”、“呼应法(主从句时态呼应)”、“搭配法(固定搭配)”、“语境法(事情发生的环境)”等解题技巧。
时态和语态是很重要的考点：have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.
【真题】 The moment I got home, I found I _______ my jacket on the playground. (陕西卷)
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
【解析】A。I found后接宾语从句，结合“呼应法”和“语境法”，由于主句动词使用了一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用过去完成时。
【真题】—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday
—Yes, I did. You know, my brother _______ in the match. (安徽卷)
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
【解析】B。运用“语境法”，结合上下文语境可知，“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”，指过去正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。
【模拟题】— Have you seen my email about our TESL project
— Yes. Luckily, I checked my emails yesterday. Normally, I _____ my email-box for days.(徐州二检)
A. haven’t opened B. didn’t open C. hadn’t opened D. don’t open
【解析】D。normally表明这是一个习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时。
特殊结构(倒装、省略、强调)
● 倒装
倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此，熟记具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。
【真题】So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (上海卷)
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
【解析】C。“So(Such)...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时，构成部分倒装句。句中的谓语是offer，时态是一般现在时，因此应添加助动词does，并将其置于主语Beijing之前以构成部分倒装句。
The policeman told me that I had passed the driving test and never in my life _______ so happy and excited.
A. I felt B. did I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
● 强调
强调结构的基本形式是“It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who...”。同时，强调结构还有许多变形形式，需要引起注意。
* 一般疑问句句型为“Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that/who... ”
* 特殊疑问句句型为“特殊疑问词+ is/was it that... ”
*“Not...until...”句式的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that....”
【真题】 It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (全国卷II)
A. that B. how C. which D. when
【真题】 It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (重庆卷)
A. that B. when C. while D. as
情态动词
第一步：判断是对现在的推测还是对过去的推测。这一步其实很简单，看题干中情态动词后有没有have即可。如有，则为对过去的推测；如无，则为对现在的推测。
第二步：判断题干是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。这一步更简单，通过对句尾标点符号的判断以及句中是否含有not很容易就可以判定。
第三步：根据语境，判断推测语气是否强烈，并对照表格找出相应的情态动词。
通过以上三步，这一类型的题目就不再是难题了。下面不妨来看两个例题：
1. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all. (2007 江苏卷)
A. should B. could C. must D. might
解析：第一步，因为情态动词后有have，所以是对过去的推测。第二步，句尾是句号，且句中无表示否定的词，所以判定句子是肯定句。第三步，从“She looks very happy”和“It's not difficult after all”这两句中均可以判断出推测语气比较强烈。对照表格，很快就可以定位到must上。所以，本题选C。
请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义
shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission.
Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon.
It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city.
Shall I/he book a table
must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel.
would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories.
should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam.
may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!
非谓语动词题
1) ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海卷)
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
解析：首先，判断这道题应填入非谓语动词。其次，判断这个非谓语动词不是作主干成分的，而是在句中起修饰作用。接下来，判断put和hotline之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动词要表被动，所以选A。
2) _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (2005浙江卷)
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
解析：逗号前后没有连词，且逗号后是一个祈使句，所以空格处应填入非谓语动词短语，且其在句中应起修饰作用。接下来，判断 “了解更多大学课程”是“打电话”的目的所在，所以应填入不定式表目的，选A。
3.______ along with host families, I believe, language travel students are likely to get enough
language practice. （2010南通二模）
A. Stay B. Having stayed C. Staying D. To stay
注意分清谓语与非谓语，比如：
She went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
She said, and turning away from him, walked rapidly away.
Go straight ahead, and you will see a hotel in front of you.
状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意
1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work
2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. (when可作if或since或considering意思)
3.since: It’s three years since I smoked.
4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…
5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.
6.主将从现：I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.
需要记住一些交际用语
Just in case!/Take your time!/Take it easy!/You can’t be serious/Up to you!/What if /Can you make it /What for /What kept you /Of what /Exactly!/With pleasure!/That isn’t due yet./The early train is due to leave at 5:30 a.m./I’ll give you a lift./Why not /You are wanted on the phone.
【牛刀小试】
1. —Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you
—Why that early I ______.
A. will be sleeping B. will sleep C. have slept D. have been sleeping
2. ______ colorful charts and graphs, he loaded a new software to help him.
A. Create B. Created C. Creating D. To create
3. --How do you usually find out about new software
--In the magazines like Popular Electronics. That’s ___ the computer companies usually advertise.
A. which B. where C. what D. why
3. — How come your father can read books in German
— Well, he ______ on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young.
A. worked B. was working C. had worked D. would work
4. A big earthquake struck southern Haiti，knocking down buildings and power lines and causing
Its ambassador to the United States called a catastrophe．
A．what B．which C．what D．why
.5. —Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa
—Yes, not only ________ his money, but he was nearly killed.
A. he lost B. did he lose C. he had lost D. was he lost
6. Who ____ the fight against the H1N1 flu ____ it not been for the Chinese scientists’ great efforts
A. could have won; had B. would win; had C. would have won; has D. could win; has
7. As we all know, it was ______ that resulted in the terrible car accident.
A. because of her carelessness B. for her to be careless
C. because she was careless D. her being careless
(答案见末页)
完形填空篇
江苏的完形填空要求高，难度大，特别是议论说明类文体。但只要我们洞悉了出题人的心理，并掌握了相应的技巧，就没有什么可畏惧的。
（一）阅读全文，掌握大意
速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍，直到明了大意（who, when, where, what），掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态，语态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，然后答题。
（二）、细读全文，试选答案
1. 重视首句，把握开篇
完形填空一般无标题，首句不留空白，是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，避免误入歧途，对理解全文起重要的作用。
例题：I know I should have told the headmaster at the time. That was my real_1_.
1. A. plan B. fault C. grade D. luck
解析：B。从本句should have done 结构表达方式可以看出作者要为往事感到懊悔了。
例:(2009全国卷Ⅱ)
One of my father’s favourite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like ___21___.
撇开选项不谈,单从这一首句,考生可以捕捉到如下信息:(1)本文与我的成长有关;(2)我的成长与父亲的鼓励“Try it!”有关;(3)本文是一篇励志性的文章。可以推测:有可能这篇文章是与我的成长有关的励志文章,父亲的鼓励“Try it!”可能是这篇文章的主旨。仅仅一句话就提供了这么多的信息,使考生向下阅读有良好的心理准备。
2．要注意尾句的提示和总结作用
例如:(2008全国卷Ⅱ)
“Did I do something wrong Don’t you love me anymore, Mom ” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered, “Where’s my note ”
文章叙述母亲(即本文的作者)年复一年地为孩子们上学备午餐,随同午餐盒这位母亲总坚持给孩子写上简单的一张小纸条。母亲从孩子开始上小学到高中毕业都一直坚持这样做。文中把“My note, Mom,” he answered, “Where’s my note ”安排在最后一句,特意刻画了大儿子Marc从上高中不愿意看那些小纸条到大学毕业后又跟母亲要小纸条的事情。全文首尾连贯,文字朴实,尽管没有一个love的字眼,却让人内心震撼:天底下比海还深的亲情和母爱!
3. 掌握技巧，灵活答题
（1）前后呼应法
解完形填空题要始终抓住文段本身，确立“双语境”基准判断做题，即大语境—全文中心和基调；小语境—空格前后的语意环境；再遵循前有伏笔，后有呼应的思路去做题。
例题1：I lift the lid and to my surprise saw nothing I looked at David‘s smiling face add back into the box and said. “The box is nice, David, but it’ s 52.” Ks
52. A. cheap B. empty C. useless D. improper （2009山东卷）
解析：由句中的saw nothing可以推知应选B项。
例题2：After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own.
36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress
37A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised （2008全国I）
解析：36. D。由前句的restaurant和work with知这里因为服务员。
37. C。由前分句“已经工作了一些天了”，以及on my own知这里是被允许去做。
（2）词汇辨析法
从近年来高考真题的分析情况来看，相似词汇彼此之间的细致辨析题型在考试中比重逐年增加，同时这也是高中考生的弱点所在。
例题：Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole，they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had 36 them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.（2005辽宁卷）
36. A. hit B. fought C. won D. beaten
解析：由第一句的 disappointed 可知，挪威人已经“胜过了” Scott 和他的同伴，故选项 A 和 B可以首先被排除；而其余两个选项都有“战胜”之意，这就要求我们知道它们之间的细微差别：win 的宾语通常是比赛、奖品或荣誉等，而 beat 的宾语则是竞赛或竞争对手；所以正确答案是 D。
（3）语法结构法
此考点对于高中生比较熟悉，也是我们的优势所在。需要同学们注意的就是现在的这种考点核心在多种语法点的结合考察，也同时注意到语境的具体要求。
例题：I couldn’t have been more 29 . I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity（机会）to _30_ through the company into different 31 .
29. A. careful B. mistaken C. interested D. prepared 21世纪教育网 21世纪教育网 （2009全国卷Ⅱ）
解析：选B。这里的I couldn’t have been more…是最高级的一种表达形式，即“否定词+比较级结构可以表达最高级的含义”。
（4）抓住关联词
根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如and， also和besides等，它们的题点是and前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。文段一出现“but”，即可确定前后语意有转折。只要知其一方的语意，就能反推出另一方意思，这有利于解题。在高考完形填空题中，多半会在but一词后设题。所以，一看到but就做上标记，遇到类似于but的词，如however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等词时作同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。
例题1：An old lady came on the bus. She was not too old but looking _______ and I think she was not well either.
A. tired B. excited C. surprised D. interested
解析：A。本句中的but表示的是转折的含义。由此可知，虽然她不是太老，但她看起来十分“疲惫”，再由and后的not well知此空所填的词应和“身体不好”相吻合。
（5）固定搭配法
这部分主要考查考生平时的基础知识储备，尤其是对动词短语﹑形容词短语﹑固定句型等的考查。
例题1：The former 37every possible effort to avoid being discovered...It was not long50 a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him... （2005重庆卷）
37. A. do B. take C. make D. try
50. A. when B. after C. until D. before
解析： make…effort（尽……力）是固定词组，It was not long before...（……不多久就……）是固定句式，所以这两题的正确答案分别是 C 和 D。
例题2：There was no 40 __asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to spare.
40. A. point B. reason C. result D. right 21世纪教育网（2009北京卷）
解析：选A。here is no point doing sth.固定句型，意为“做……是没有意义的”。
Dear son,
例题3：I want to thank you for teaching me a very valuable lesson in my life by the great example you ________.
A. followed B. gave C. set D. took （2009安徽）
解析：选C。为某人树立榜样 set a good example to somebody
（6）发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意、隐意
近几年NMET完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易给学生造成一种"假象"，产生“轻敌”心理，有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但一对答案错很多，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里一致”。如：
_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show (pleasure) _53_, but what I was feeling was pure happiness.
52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I
本题要求根据事情发展的逻辑关系来判定答案。答案是C，此处叙述作者的作文给全班同学带来欢乐的过程，先是“有人”发笑，最后全班同学大笑，逻辑通顺。
（6）结合生活常识判断
At first, everyone on the team got _38_ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the _39_ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have _40_ one-on-one training, got angry when she didn’t give them more playing time in our _41_ . The coach was replaced. （2004北京高考）
38. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra
39. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure
40. A. free B. private C. good D. basic
41. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs
本文介绍作者（一个少年女子足球队员）踢足球的经历。一开始，我们得到“平等的（38）”踢球时间；然后当我们的队获得联赛冠军以后，怎样呢？结合生活常识判断，应是有了"压力（39）"。后面父母贿赂教练干什么呢？根据生活常识判断，应该是让自己的孩子得到“开小灶”的机会，因此40应选B, private“私人的”。41，父母生气是因为贿赂没有起作用，也就是在我们的“比赛”中，他们的女儿没有得到更多的上场比赛的时间。
（三）. 复读全文，验证答案
（1）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。
（2）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一处甚至多处错误。
【牛刀小试】
（一）(2005 全国卷) When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 .
41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food
42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny
43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about
44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner
45. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible
46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen
（二）1. 联系上下文语境
1) Traveling west, you set your clock __1__ ; traveling east, you set it ahead.
A behind B. forward C. back D. ahead
2) Many old people don’t have good __2__. They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to the music.
A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time
3）My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us （2006 山东高考）
(43) A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest
(44) A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust
4) Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S Paving Inc. (铺路公司) in Atlanta, USA. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her __1__ and skill but left her flying high. …
“The key to our success was having the __courage__ to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.” （07江苏高考）
(1) A. kindness B. patience C. imagination D. experience
2. 注意习惯搭配
5) The chance passed and I didn’t __50__ it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t __51__ to cheat, but I was still cheating anyhow. (06江苏高考)
(50) A. take B. have C. lose D. find
(51) A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
6) Life is filled with challenges. As we got older we __1__ realize that those challenges are the very things that __shape__ us and make us who we are,… （07山东高考）
A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to
3．词义辨析
7) Now he can no longer walk and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is (1) . One night, I went to visit him with my sister. We started (2) about life, and I told them about one of my (3) . I said that we must very often give things up (4) we grow---our youth, our beauty, our friends---but it always (5) that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. （06北京高考）
(1) A. impossible B. difficult C. stressful D. hopeless
(2) A. worrying B. caring C. talking D. asking
(3) A. decisions B. experiences C. ambitions D. beliefs
(4) A. as B. since C. before D. till
(5) A. suggests B. promises C. seems D. requires （答案见末页）
阅读理解篇
2010年命题趋向：阅读材料更趋向于多样化和“原汁原味”，并追求阅读材料的真实性、实用性和教育性的统一；阅读文章贴近生活，内容新，时代感强；阅读词汇量会逐步有所加大，这就要求我们不断提高阅读速度；句子长度递增，难度加大。
解题步骤可以总结为一套解题程序，也就是“三步走”，即：
第一步，快速阅读整篇文章，特别注意，绝对不可细读，学会跳读，略读。每段只要了解大意即可。（一般前面三句读懂就行）。
第二步，读题目（主要是题干），找关键词；先仔细阅读题目，找出题干中的关键词。关键词一般是题干主谓宾的实词或者特征明显的词（人名、地名、时间、数字等）。
（根据题目的关键词）读原文，找命题点；有目的地在原文中搜索相关信息。将题目中的关键词先定位到原文中的一个段落，进而定位到相关句子。要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序基本一致。
关键词的确定也有技巧：如果题目或选项中有专有名词（人名、地名等）、数字（年代、时间等）要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案；如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。
第三步，对照题目和命题点，选择最佳答案；常见的正确选项是对原文命题点的原文再现、同义转述或二者的结合；高档题可能还需要考生进行一定的归纳、总结、推理或概括，但一切都要严格依照原文命题点，避免主观判断。
下面对关键词寻找举例说明：
72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions 07年全国二卷
65. Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were _____. 08年全国一卷
69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays 08年全国二卷
59. Where can visitors have lunch 08年江苏卷
64. Parents with small children visiting the gallery 08年江苏卷
以上是就最近3年高考题中，随机选择的几道细节题题干。考生在预估出卷人意图时并不需要对题干进行细致精到的分析，只需要稍微把握关键词，对句意囫囵吞枣也未尝不可。而这些“枣子”一般是那些不能被消化、被替换的词语，比如：专有名词、术语等，如果没有这些成分，一般名词或动词则应该被关注；数词在考查过程中，虽然会出现一些简单的运算，但因为其形式的独特性，所以也需要特别留意。也就是说，在审题的过程中，关注等级为（专有）名词、动词、数词。
因此，以上五道题，着重关注的点分别是：06年北京卷—Loftus，volunteer；07年全国二卷—McKenzie，children，08年全国一卷—Snowdonia Centre，holidays，08年全国二卷—visitor，lunch，08年江苏卷—parents，children，gallery。当考生在同一个句子，或相邻的句子中看到了这些词，或者近义词，答案就极有可能近在咫尺了。
干扰项特点：① 部分正确，部分错误；② 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容，如，根据题干中的关键词定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错；③ 符合常识，但不是文章的内容；④ 与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些关键词；⑤ 明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符或是相反。
例题（2009年上海高考阅读理解B）：
While you’re here, try other recreational activities available in our mountains. Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland (but not in the national park).We also recommend you make time to enjoy simple pleasure. After looking around Banff Ave shops, walk a couple of blocks west or south to the scenic Bow River.Try ice skating on frozen Lake Louise where Ice Magic International Ice Sculpture Competition works are displayed after Jan 25. You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.Banff’s backcountry paths access a wilderness world of silence and matchless beauty—cross country skis and snowshoes provide the means. Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour. Although we’ve been many times, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyons worth visiting.Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories. We have seen hundreds of the elk and bighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse a sense of wonder. And the rare spotting of a cougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away.See if simple pleasures work for you. Fight in the snow with your kids, walk beside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view. —Banff Resort Guide Editors 第一段：从第一句的try other recreational activities可知是推荐娱乐活动。（本段后面的就不用看了）第二段：本段就两句，就都看完吧，很明显是看完B.A再欣赏BR。第三段：本段前几个词看完就足够了，不就是讲滑雪的地方嘛。（^_^）第四段：本段第一句有点难度哦，考点往往就在这。通过paths, provide means知道就是讲途径。（第一句看完就闪到下段。）第五段：第一句很清楚表明：creates satisfying memories。第六段：就是诱惑你的家人一起去。
1. According to the passage, Banff’s backcountry is accessible by _____.
A. cross country skiing B. horse-drawn sleigh riding
C. snowmobiling D. dogsledding
2. The purpose of the writing is to ______.
A. promote scenic spots in Canada B. advertise for the sports in Banff
C. introduce tourist activities in Banff D. describe breathtaking views in Banff
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among local people.
B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.
C. Travelers should bring their own sports equipment.
D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.
1. A。注意关键词Banff’s backcountry，第四段的rovide means提供了答案。
2. C。本文第一段的activities就提供了答案。
3. B。由题干可知本题属于细节理解题中的细节判断题。下面我们利用“跳读查找法”，按照选项的顺序，抓住选项中的关键词，在原文中快速查找相关信息，会很快锁定答案。A项中的关键词是“Dogsledding”，原文中只有一处相关信息，即第二段“Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland（but not in the national park）”，其中文章中的“Popular”和选项中的“the most popular”说法太绝对，没有事实根据，可排除。用同样的方法依次检查其他选项。第六段“Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.”中的“memories”和选项B中的“memorable”构成意义转换，可确定B项说法正确。由第四段“You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.”和第五段“Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour.”可知游客不必自带运动器具，故C项说法不对。D项明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符，无从考证。
文章结构类题目解题指导
根据考纲和最近几次模拟考，可以预测此类题型极有可能出现在今年的试题中
文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章——段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。另外，此类题型最常见的考法就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤、过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。此时，同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。这些推断往往不是凭空臆断，而会在上文中给出一定的提示，或是所说明两个事物或人的其余一个，或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面，总之，作者总会给读者最充分的证据以使读者能对文章的结构作出合理的推断。下面我们以近两年的高考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧。
例1： Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (2007年陕西卷A篇)
42. The third paragraph is developed________.
A. by space B. by examples
C. by time D. by comparison
解析：题目对节选段落所描述事件的说明方法进行设题。此题需要从文章的细节理解着手。节选段落描写了Armstrong的学艺历程。从“at a boy’s home”和“In his late teens”，我们可以得知节选部分的情节发展方式是按照时间顺序进行的，因此答案为C。
例2： The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically （身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤） instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.(2008年北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C： Conclusion
解析： 答案为B。文章主要论述了我们在营养品认识方面所存在的误区以及错误认识给我们带来的危害。作者在第一段提出了营养品正影响着我们的生活，而我们却不知道它潜在的危害。在接下来的两段中，文章从两个方面论述了营养品在精神层面上弱化了我们：一、我们毫不犹豫地相信营养品的作用进而选择它；二、营养品本身给我们带来的危害更大，它让我们相信营养吸收可以变得很简单、直接，进而产生一种可以不劳而获的观念，以为生活是不需要奋斗的。第四段中，作者提出了营养品在物质方面对我们的危害，也就是对身体造成的不良影响。最后，作者通过论述营养品在各个方面给我们所带来的危害后提出了自己的观点。由此分析，我们可以知道作者采用了“总—分—总”的论述方法，而第一个论点由两个小的分论点支撑。
归纳题
对于归纳题，很多考生总觉得有“花非花，雾非雾”的朦胧迷乱感。其实，只要盯住一篇文章的四个角落：首段首句，首段尾句，尾端首句，尾段尾句，就基本上不会出现方向上的偏离。这里的“句”，即可以是一个完整的句子，也可以是复杂句中的主句。比如，2008年全国二卷的第四篇文章，这四个角落的句子分别为：
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. …
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动) …theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
首段只有一个句子，提出句中的核心名词chocolate，coughs，medicines。段末的两句话，都有一个词theobromine，虽然不确定这是什么，但可以保证一定和段首的chocolate，coughs，medicines所形成的逻辑链条有关。所以，综合这些信息，大概可以推断文章主要分析chocolate能够治疗coughs，当成medicines，因为里面有theobromine，而且没有什么side effects。
因此56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text B便成了自然之选。
A. Codeine: A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
任务型阅读篇
任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表，并有一定字数的限制。主要考察学生获取信息的能力（对应信息查找题）、组织信息的能力（对应信息转换题）和概括表达信息能力（对应信息归纳题）。
一、解题步骤：
一般根据题目特点，可分为以下三步：
1）略读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2）细读—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
3）复读—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。
二、解题技巧：
1.信息查找题
解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如：（1）5W and 1H：who, what ,when, where ,why ,how（2）时间先后: first , then , after ,that , next, finally（3）因果:because , thus , lead to, cause, as a result （4）比较:similarly, differently（5）转折：but, while, however, instead, on the contrary
2.信息转换题
解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
（1）词性转换，即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如：
1.原文：be responsible for your own learning...（2008江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Take（76）_________ for one’s own learning.
分析：抓住关键词responsible，将它转换为名词。答案为responsibility。
2.Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Messages from others help you(73) who you are．
分析：抓住关键词determining，将此动名词转换为动词原形，因有词组let sb. do…。答案为：determine／define／know／understand
3. communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Needs and(74) of others should be considered．
分析：抓住关键词expect,将它转换为名词。答案为：expectations／hopes／desires／wishes。
4. With all the information available, it's not surprising that people can feel confused.（2009安徽高考题）转换成表格中：There is a lot job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be (77)________.
分析：抓住关键词confused,由于题目中的主语是too much of it,因此答案为confusing。
5. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The information is updated in a (78)________ manner.
分析：抓住关键词regularly，转换成形容词。答案为：regular
6. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
转换成表格中：Its vast resources include ways of job (79)_______. （2009安徽高考题）
分析：抓住关键词apply, 转换成名词。答案为：application。
7. It's worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The time you spend and the efforts you make will be (85)_________.
分析：抓住关键词worth，转换成形容词。答案为：worthwhile。
（2）句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。以2009年江苏高考题为例：
1.原文：But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．
转换成表格中：we are always(71) ▲ in communication with others．
分析：首先要将原文句意理解透彻，题意为：每一天我们在沟通中都是以自我为中心的。其次分析出题人的意图，找出题眼，本题是如何将题眼the centrality of our selves转换为一个表语，就本题应为一个形容词。答案为：self-centered／subjective。
2.原文：we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
转换成表格中：We are constantly(78) ▲ meanings by what we do．
分析：本题题意不难理解，即：我们应常向他人提供有交际价值的行为。出题人的意图是：have communicative value= ____ ___ meanings. 答案为：conveying／expressing
3. 原文：Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
转换成表格中：Yon may redo the conversation，but you(80) ▲ achieve the same results．
分析：很容易看出本题的意图：made far different results= ____ ___ achieve the same results. 答案为：can’t／cannot
3.信息归纳题
1.解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，简洁。
常见概括性词有：原因：reason, cause；结果：result, effect；目的：aim, purpose；方法：measure, solution, way, method；观点：opinion, view, attitude；异同：differences, similarities；优劣：advantages, disadvantages；其它：time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
书面表达篇
第一部分：基本要求
在书面表达上拿到高档次的分数。 书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位（语言高级），内容第二位（要点齐全），结构第三位（文章分段）的原则，也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言，换句话说是亮点，根据语言使用情况，亮点的多少而定出档次，所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。亮点一共有四种：一、高级词汇和语法；二、修辞手法；三、有效的连词；四、名人名言或谚语。首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法，以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。
方法一:注重文章的开始句 / 主题句、承转句和结尾句,它会吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
1. With the rapid development / advance of science and technology, a lot of social problems have come into being.
2. Many of us take it for granted that we can take anything from nature as we like.
3. As we all know / As is well known / As far as I’m concerned, the following ways are of great help to us.
4. As an old saying goes / runs, “ Honesty is the best policy.”
5. It is said / thought / known / reported / expected / believed / …that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
以上句子可用于文章的开始或主题句,使表达简练生动,主题突出。
6. We need to live a regular life. That is to say / That is / Namely, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking too much.
7. As a matter of fact / In fact, it is health that counts.
8. Besides / In addition, we should not forget that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
9. The government should enforce（执行）laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop a good habit of reducing pollution.
10. In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.
以上句子可用于文章承转句。注重语段衔接也是取得高分的杀手锏。
11. Last but not least, there is the question of adequate funding.
12. For these reasons, I think that receiving college education is wise.
13. There is no doubt/denying that education plays a big role in our life.
用于文章结论句。这种句式更能鲜明地表达出说话者的态度和观点,给人留下一个圆满的结局。
方法二:在整篇文章中,要特别注重使用一些较为复杂的结构,如非谓语动词、独立主格结构、倒装句、强调句、虚拟句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
13. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theatres and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.
14. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
15. We could do nothing but / other than wait.
16. Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
17. Television has so many advantages. It keeps us informed about the latest news, but also provides entertainment in the home.
以上非谓语动词的使用使句子显得更简洁,更高级,必定会获得阅卷老师较好的印象。
18. Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.
19. Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we care more about nature and build a harmonious relationship with our earth.
20. Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses.
21. Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.
倒装句有意“打破常规”,使句子带有强烈的情感色彩,使行文错落有致。
22. It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
强调句式的使用使得写作重点突出,给读者留下了深刻的印象,同时使文章结构更加紧凑、行文节奏婉转流畅。
23. Our headteacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
24. It’s high time (that) we did something to improve our environment.
运用强调句式和虚拟语气的效果能化腐朽为神奇,改平淡为传神。
25. What’s exciting and interesting is that we can exchange language lessons, with you teaching me English, and me teaching you Chinese!
26. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
27. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
28. To own a colour TV set in each family, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now has become true.
这样的句子让人感到“头重脚轻”或“头轻脚重’,它会显得与众不同。
提示：特别注意用分词结构
在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case, you should apologize to her. 如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。
口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。
If such is the case, you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case, you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构，例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student, I’d like to know the price for students. 改成Being a student, I’d like to know the price for students.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于，因为，如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。
二、在用词准确、得体的基础上,选择较为高级的词汇,或一些熟悉词汇的较高级用法,正如一叶知秋,体现了作者驾驭语言的能力,想不得高分也难。
方法一:避免重复使用词汇。有时一篇作文里会多次出现某一词时,这时表达方式的变化(用不同的单词或词组表达相同的意义),使词汇运用丰富多彩,章法灵活。
29. The new railway is still under construction. ( is being built )
30. The project is now well under way.
31. After 20 years the town had changed beyond recognition.
32. I’m awfully grateful to you for taking so much trouble to help me. (Thank you for…)
方法二:注重使用短语、习语来代替某些词,使得文章具有多彩性。
33. Every coin has two sides.
34. 25% of my classmates hold the view that doing part-time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of the society. (think)
35. All work and no play make(s) Jack a dull boy.只工作,不玩耍,聪明孩子会变傻。
第二部分：亮点作文
1.关于学习效率：
No one can deny the importance of efficiency in study. It not only saves us much time which can be spent in doing other activities, but also improves our memory and enthusiasm for study. Just imagine how happy you are when you make full use of every minute.
Unfortunately, despite the fact, little attention is paid to it. As a result, we feel so tired and pressured since we have spent much time on it but nothing works at last. Worse still, some of us are discouraged and quite at a loss.
So here are some suggestions that may help. First, we should develop a habit of making a study plan and carrying it out no matter what difficulty comes in the way. Second, doing exercise regularly will without doubt have positive effects on studying efficiency. Just as the proverb says, all work and no plan makes Jack a dull boy. On in this way can we study efficiently.
2.关于课外阅读 （南通一模）
Dear editor,
Students of today are reading more than ever before. Indeed, the importance of reading can never be too much stressed.
First of all, reading, especially out-of-class reading, enriches our mind and broadens our horizon. People say that books are the crystal of human wisdom. Through reading, we learn what cannot be learnt in our classrooms. Besides, reading is also a way of relaxation. It is so refreshing to read a story before going to bed, or after a day of study.
There’re many famous sayings about reading, like “Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body”. Then, how can we develop the habit of reading In the first place, I believe we need to begin from an early age, then stick to it and never give up. Secondly, ……
Yours sincerely,
Jiang Ping
3.根据漫画写短文.(关于尊敬老人)
Just as it vividly shows in the picture, an old man is sitting alone on the bench in a park, looking at a young mother holding the bike for her little daughter while she is riding it. By the side of the old man lies a sleeping little pet dog. This is a picture of great contrast. By the look on the man’s face, we can tell the old man feels a bit lonely. However, the little girl, enjoying her mother’s company, is playing happily.
The reason for the phenomenon is not hard to find. Nowadays, all families have only one child. So parents do whatever they can to take good care of their children. On the other hand, the children take it for granted that they should be focus of the family, who turn a blind eye to what their grandparents or parents need and feel.
As far as I’m concerned, the phenomenon should call for the attention of the whole society. Needless to say, not only the young but also the old in our society deserve good care and enough attention. The needs of the old shouldn’t be ignored. In conclusion, we shouldn’t lose the good tradition of caring for the old.
单选答案：ADBAB BD 完形答案 (一)DBABC D (二)1. CC BD C 2. ACB 3. BCBAC
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2010年高考英语最后一讲○内部交流
——江苏省丰县中学(群益分校)高三英语考前辅导材料
同学们：
高考的钟声即将敲响，号角即将响起！经过高三阶段系统、全面的复习，你们在英语方面取得了很大的进步。其实，复习到现在，你们已经准备得相当充分了，只要你充满信心走进考场，胜利就在向你招手。
在考试前认真反思一下各个题型的答题技巧比做几道练习更重要。但愿这套英语考前指导材料能对你们有所帮助。长风破浪，直济沧海；蟾宫折桂，舍我其谁？就让我们跺掉脚上的灰尘，拍着自己坚实的胸膛，向高考宣战！预祝大家在2010年高考中超越自我，创造六月辉煌！
听力篇
一、听力测试的应试步骤
1． 放松 放松情绪和集中精力并不矛盾，过于紧张的情绪有碍考生的正常发挥；反之，放松一下情绪，比如考前的深呼吸或闭目片刻都可使考生心情平静下来，一旦开始播音，考生便很容易进入答题状态。
2． 预览 考生应充分利用播音前及中间间歇时间预览听力题的题干和选项，并对听力材料的话题内容进行预测，这是考生在听力测试中应掌握的一个重要步骤。
3． 预测
（1）听前预测
①根据题干信息进行预测 语言交际离不开语境。比如：在学校，常出现教师和学生的谈话，谈论内容通常为学习、考试、作业等问题；在医院，常出现医生和病人的谈话，谈论内容多为病情、治疗、健康等问题。如果我们从题干中获取了某些方面的信息，就可以预测对话的语境、人物身份及对话的大体内容。这种方法尤其适用于回答询问对话发生的地点、谈话人之间的关系及各自职业的试题。
②抓住关键词进行预测 对于一些询问说话人行为状态、事件原因以及推断性的题目来说，所给选项的句子一般较长，成分也较复杂，预测语言信息较难。对这类题目可采用比较选项，分清相同点与不同点，特别要注意各选项中重复出现的关键词汇，从关键词入手，对要听的内容进行预测。
（2）听中预测
①根据关联词进行预测 使用不同的关联词可导致表达的内容迥然不同。
例如 2004年高考（北京卷）试题第一节第2小题：
W：Can you tell us what you like doing in the evening？
M：Well, I like music. I listen to a lot of pop music, but most of all I like watching TV. It’s much better than reading a book.
Question：What is the man’s favorite free time activity？
A． Watching TV．B． Reading a book．C． Listening to music．
不少学生刚听了前半句，就选择了C这一答案。然而，若多注意预测能力的培养，留意关联词，就不会只听半句话就匆匆选择，而应在听到but一词后，立即联想到这是在否定前面的观点，并由“most of all”引出了问题的答案应是A。
②根据信号词进行预测
(2009南通三模)5. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a tourist office.
B. In a doctor’s office.
C. In an employment office.
Text:
M: Here is my CV. There are three copies.
W: Have you brought your certificate as well.
M: No, I haven’t. I am awfully sorry. Can I send them to you.
W: Yes, that’ll be all right. Now let’s talk about the post.
4． 答题原则
（1）弃前保后，弃小保大 考生在听力测试中，遇到前面有听不懂的地方不必惊慌，可暂时放下此题，听好后面的内容，集中精力捕捉后面的信息。
（2）随听随记，把握信息 听力材料中的一些数字、地名或人名等细节信息仅凭大脑短时记忆是不够的，需借助笔记。记笔记应提纲挈领，只记主题句和关键词，对有把握的一些信息，不必浪费精力和时间去记，而应利用剩余的时间掠读试卷上的题干和选项。记笔记时应尽量使用缩写词和符号，这样可以大大提高记笔记的速度，例如：for example（eg），watched TV（tv），in the afternoon（aft—n）等。
二、高考听力题型分析与应试
1． 确定地点
★答题策略：掌握并联想与某些地点有关的关键词语。
a． At a school： classroom, grade, textbook, mark, pass the exam, failure, break, exam-paper, absent from school, attend school, excellent.
b． At a bank：check, cash, currency, deposit, passbook, interest rate, change money, cash a check, credit card.
c． At a restaurant：dinner, snack，order, vegetables, drink, menu, Chinese food，Western－style food, dessert, taste, delicious, bill, check.
2． 估算数字
★答题策略：考生不仅要熟悉数字的读法，更要注意时间、价格、距离、日期及有关量词等的表示方法。对于需要计算或推理的题目，考生还要注意准确理解录音中的倍数、百分比等数量概念，以及表示比较意义的句型结构。比如： double, twice, three times, as big as, ten minutes late, half the price, five percent等。
3． 推理判断
★答题策略：这类试题相对较难，要求考生不仅要听懂对话内容，而且要从两人的谈话内容中判断谈话结果、行为趋向或逻辑关系等。对话中常常是Speaker l提出问题或请求，Speaker 2表示观点或建议，接下来Speaker l可能同意、接受，也可能反对、拒绝，最后的态度也可能不很明朗，需要考生依据谈话内容和谈话人的语气做出判断。答这类试题时，考生应注意以下几种句式和结构：
（1）比较结构（2）虚拟句式 （3）表示赞成的句式 （4）表示否定的句式 （5）表示让步的句式
4． 分析原因
★答题策略：听力考试中，若想答好原因题，需注意一些表示因果关系的连词、介词和句型。
表示因果关系的连词有：because, since, as, for, now that, so that, therefore, hence, etc．
表示因果关系的介词有：for, by, through, because of，as a result of, thanks to, due to, etc．
表示因果关系的句型有：以表示情感的形容词 + that从句为例：Mary is so glad／pleased／surprised that she got the first prize in the contest．
听力常见词汇及句型 一级重要词汇：
reserve/reservation, reception/receptionist/reception, desk, register/registration/book
名词：rent, style, reservation, conference, grades, return flights, accommodation, details, destination, flat/apartment, section, a king’s room, shower, deadline,
动词：reserve, spare, register, sign, appreciate,
形容词：available, amazing, scaring, boring, incredible, grand, extra, awful, digital, punctual,
副词：definitely, down, though, slightly,
词组：check out, start off, look into, now that, in a long run, on behalf of, bound for, apart from, tour/scenic spots, take/leave a message, drop in on/at, put sb. at ease, drop sb. off, in stock,
句型：1.Then all set 2.Take your time. 3. Anything but cheap. 4.No wonder…
5. It’s a deal. 6. You’re kidding. 7. Can we make it… 8.That’s the way it is. 9. It depends. 10. It’s not intended for scientists, either.
单选篇
1．谨防紧邻信息的误导，避免定势思维。
在学习过程中，老师往往就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复强调，以加深学生的印象，学生因此而可能形成思维的定势。
【例1】My parents have always made me _______ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good ( 2007 江苏 35 )
由于我们对I am feeling well today. 形成了思维定势，容易错选C. 这里不表示身体好，而是表示自我感觉好。选D.
【例2】--- I can't find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning
--- It was in the hotel ______ he stayed.
A. where B. which C. the one D. that
此题最大的干扰项是D，考生很可能把它看作强调结构。但根据句意，它要表达的是“在他呆的宾馆里找到他的”。所以，实际上是在stayed后省略了that I found him，即全句可完整地表达为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I found him。因此，答案为A。
【例3】Though life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies_______ more professional knowledge.
A. to get B. to getting C. rather than get D. rather than to get
考生容易错选B。但仔细分析句意，应选A，表示目的。
2. 注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向
一个句子所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等，在一定程度上干扰考生的思维。
【例1】My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried （2008 上海 30）
分析句子结构，an experienced rider是插入语，同时，主语my sister与try之间为主动关系，首先排除D项；而后考虑sit on the bicycle与try to balance it 同时发生，可知B项为正确答案。
【例2】Who do you think you’d rather _____ the tape recorder
A. have to repair B. have fixed C. get repaired D. get to repair
在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：
I think I would rather have the man fix the tape recorder.
I think I would rather get the man to fix the tape recorder.
在这两句中，假若对名词the man 提问，便可得出：Who do you think you would rather have repair the tape recorder / Who do you think you would rather get to repair the tape recorder
【例3】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
解析: 由于中间有逗号， 意味着后面的部分是状语。由于该部分前面没有连词，故不能用谓语形式。 因此要用finished构成独立主格结构。
3.查看主宾表定-------缺啥补啥句健全
当考察名词性从句或定语从句时，依次优先观察从句中是否缺主语，宾语，若缺某一成分，就得选择能够充当该成分的选项。若主语、宾语、表语或定语都不缺，就再观察句子是否缺哪类状语，选择能够充当该状语的选项，以补全句子结构。
Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C how D whether
解析: what 引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语,what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语.
We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.
A that B which C what D whom
解析: 本题考察非限制性定性定语从句,介词of后面缺宾语,能够作宾语且能够引导定语从句的关系代词which 和whom， 由于非限制性定性定语从句用来说明前面指人的名词people， 故用whom充当介词of的宾语。
热门知识点：
时态语态：
要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，还要注意体会动词在具体的语言环境中的使用。语态通常结合时态一起考查，解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法(寻找时间标志词)”、“呼应法(主从句时态呼应)”、“搭配法(固定搭配)”、“语境法(事情发生的环境)”等解题技巧。
时态和语态是很重要的考点：have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.
【真题】 The moment I got home, I found I _______ my jacket on the playground. (陕西卷)
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
【解析】A。I found后接宾语从句，结合“呼应法”和“语境法”，由于主句动词使用了一般过去时，且宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，应使用过去完成时。
【真题】—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday
—Yes, I did. You know, my brother _______ in the match. (安徽卷)
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
【解析】B。运用“语境法”，结合上下文语境可知，“我”看了昨天的比赛是因为“我弟弟当时正在参加比赛”，指过去正在发生的动作或状态应使用过去进行时。
【模拟题】— Have you seen my email about our TESL project
— Yes. Luckily, I checked my emails yesterday. Normally, I _____ my email-box for days.(徐州二检)
A. haven’t opened B. didn’t open C. hadn’t opened D. don’t open
【解析】D。normally表明这是一个习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时。
特殊结构(倒装、省略、强调)
● 倒装
倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。句子是全部倒装还是部分倒装往往取决于位于句首的词语。因此，熟记具有倒装要求的标志词是解题的关键。
【真题】So much of interest ________ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. (上海卷)
A. offers Beijing B. Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
【解析】C。“So(Such)...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时，构成部分倒装句。句中的谓语是offer，时态是一般现在时，因此应添加助动词does，并将其置于主语Beijing之前以构成部分倒装句。
The policeman told me that I had passed the driving test and never in my life _______ so happy and excited.
A. I felt B. did I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
● 强调
强调结构的基本形式是“It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who...”。同时，强调结构还有许多变形形式，需要引起注意。
* 一般疑问句句型为“Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that/who... ”
* 特殊疑问句句型为“特殊疑问词+ is/was it that... ”
*“Not...until...”句式的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that....”
【真题】 It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (全国卷II)
A. that B. how C. which D. when
【真题】 It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (重庆卷)
A. that B. when C. while D. as
情态动词
第一步：判断是对现在的推测还是对过去的推测。这一步其实很简单，看题干中情态动词后有没有have即可。如有，则为对过去的推测；如无，则为对现在的推测。
第二步：判断题干是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。这一步更简单，通过对句尾标点符号的判断以及句中是否含有not很容易就可以判定。
第三步：根据语境，判断推测语气是否强烈，并对照表格找出相应的情态动词。
通过以上三步，这一类型的题目就不再是难题了。下面不妨来看两个例题：
1. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all. (2007 江苏卷)
A. should B. could C. must D. might
解析：第一步，因为情态动词后有have，所以是对过去的推测。第二步，句尾是句号，且句中无表示否定的词，所以判定句子是肯定句。第三步，从“She looks very happy”和“It's not difficult after all”这两句中均可以判断出推测语气比较强烈。对照表格，很快就可以定位到must上。所以，本题选C。
请别忽视某些情态动词的特殊含义
shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission.
Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon.
It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city.
Shall I/he book a table
must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel.
would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories.
should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam.
may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!
非谓语动词题
1) ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海卷)
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
解析：首先，判断这道题应填入非谓语动词。其次，判断这个非谓语动词不是作主干成分的，而是在句中起修饰作用。接下来，判断put和hotline之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动词要表被动，所以选A。
2) _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (2005浙江卷)
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
解析：逗号前后没有连词，且逗号后是一个祈使句，所以空格处应填入非谓语动词短语，且其在句中应起修饰作用。接下来，判断 “了解更多大学课程”是“打电话”的目的所在，所以应填入不定式表目的，选A。
3.______ along with host families, I believe, language travel students are likely to get enough
language practice. （2010南通二模）
A. Stay B. Having stayed C. Staying D. To stay
注意分清谓语与非谓语，比如：
She went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin.
She said, and turning away from him, walked rapidly away.
Go straight ahead, and you will see a hotel in front of you.
状语从句的一些引导词需要着重注意
1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work
2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. (when可作if或since或considering意思)
3.since: It’s three years since I smoked.
4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…
5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.
6.主将从现：I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.
需要记住一些交际用语
Just in case!/Take your time!/Take it easy!/You can’t be serious/Up to you!/What if /Can you make it /What for /What kept you /Of what /Exactly!/With pleasure!/That isn’t due yet./The early train is due to leave at 5:30 a.m./I’ll give you a lift./Why not /You are wanted on the phone.
【牛刀小试】
1. —Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you
—Why that early I ______.
A. will be sleeping B. will sleep C. have slept D. have been sleeping
2. ______ colorful charts and graphs, he loaded a new software to help him.
A. Create B. Created C. Creating D. To create
3. --How do you usually find out about new software
--In the magazines like Popular Electronics. That’s ___ the computer companies usually advertise.
A. which B. where C. what D. why
3. — How come your father can read books in German
— Well, he ______ on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young.
A. worked B. was working C. had worked D. would work
4. A big earthquake struck southern Haiti，knocking down buildings and power lines and causing
Its ambassador to the United States called a catastrophe．
A．what B．which C．what D．why
.5. —Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa
—Yes, not only ________ his money, but he was nearly killed.
A. he lost B. did he lose C. he had lost D. was he lost
6. Who ____ the fight against the H1N1 flu ____ it not been for the Chinese scientists’ great efforts
A. could have won; had B. would win; had C. would have won; has D. could win; has
7. As we all know, it was ______ that resulted in the terrible car accident.
A. because of her carelessness B. for her to be careless
C. because she was careless D. her being careless
(答案见末页)
完形填空篇
江苏的完形填空要求高，难度大，特别是议论说明类文体。但只要我们洞悉了出题人的心理，并掌握了相应的技巧，就没有什么可畏惧的。
（一）阅读全文，掌握大意
速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍，直到明了大意（who, when, where, what），掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态，语态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，然后答题。
（二）、细读全文，试选答案
1. 重视首句，把握开篇
完形填空一般无标题，首句不留空白，是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，避免误入歧途，对理解全文起重要的作用。
例题：I know I should have told the headmaster at the time. That was my real_1_.
1. A. plan B. fault C. grade D. luck
解析：B。从本句should have done 结构表达方式可以看出作者要为往事感到懊悔了。
例:(2009全国卷Ⅱ)
One of my father’s favourite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like ___21___.
撇开选项不谈,单从这一首句,考生可以捕捉到如下信息:(1)本文与我的成长有关;(2)我的成长与父亲的鼓励“Try it!”有关;(3)本文是一篇励志性的文章。可以推测:有可能这篇文章是与我的成长有关的励志文章,父亲的鼓励“Try it!”可能是这篇文章的主旨。仅仅一句话就提供了这么多的信息,使考生向下阅读有良好的心理准备。
2．要注意尾句的提示和总结作用
例如:(2008全国卷Ⅱ)
“Did I do something wrong Don’t you love me anymore, Mom ” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I laughingly asked him what was wrong.
“My note, Mom,” he answered, “Where’s my note ”
文章叙述母亲(即本文的作者)年复一年地为孩子们上学备午餐,随同午餐盒这位母亲总坚持给孩子写上简单的一张小纸条。母亲从孩子开始上小学到高中毕业都一直坚持这样做。文中把“My note, Mom,” he answered, “Where’s my note ”安排在最后一句,特意刻画了大儿子Marc从上高中不愿意看那些小纸条到大学毕业后又跟母亲要小纸条的事情。全文首尾连贯,文字朴实,尽管没有一个love的字眼,却让人内心震撼:天底下比海还深的亲情和母爱!
3. 掌握技巧，灵活答题
（1）前后呼应法
解完形填空题要始终抓住文段本身，确立“双语境”基准判断做题，即大语境—全文中心和基调；小语境—空格前后的语意环境；再遵循前有伏笔，后有呼应的思路去做题。
例题1：I lift the lid and to my surprise saw nothing I looked at David‘s smiling face add back into the box and said. “The box is nice, David, but it’ s 52.” Ks
52. A. cheap B. empty C. useless D. improper （2009山东卷）
解析：由句中的saw nothing可以推知应选B项。
例题2：After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own.
36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress
37A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised （2008全国I）
解析：36. D。由前句的restaurant和work with知这里因为服务员。
37. C。由前分句“已经工作了一些天了”，以及on my own知这里是被允许去做。
（2）词汇辨析法
从近年来高考真题的分析情况来看，相似词汇彼此之间的细致辨析题型在考试中比重逐年增加，同时这也是高中考生的弱点所在。
例题：Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole，they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had 36 them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.（2005辽宁卷）
36. A. hit B. fought C. won D. beaten
解析：由第一句的 disappointed 可知，挪威人已经“胜过了” Scott 和他的同伴，故选项 A 和 B可以首先被排除；而其余两个选项都有“战胜”之意，这就要求我们知道它们之间的细微差别：win 的宾语通常是比赛、奖品或荣誉等，而 beat 的宾语则是竞赛或竞争对手；所以正确答案是 D。
（3）语法结构法
此考点对于高中生比较熟悉，也是我们的优势所在。需要同学们注意的就是现在的这种考点核心在多种语法点的结合考察，也同时注意到语境的具体要求。
例题：I couldn’t have been more 29 . I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity（机会）to _30_ through the company into different 31 .
29. A. careful B. mistaken C. interested D. prepared 21世纪教育网 21世纪教育网 （2009全国卷Ⅱ）
解析：选B。这里的I couldn’t have been more…是最高级的一种表达形式，即“否定词+比较级结构可以表达最高级的含义”。
（4）抓住关联词
根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如and， also和besides等，它们的题点是and前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。文段一出现“but”，即可确定前后语意有转折。只要知其一方的语意，就能反推出另一方意思，这有利于解题。在高考完形填空题中，多半会在but一词后设题。所以，一看到but就做上标记，遇到类似于but的词，如however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等词时作同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。
例题1：An old lady came on the bus. She was not too old but looking _______ and I think she was not well either.
A. tired B. excited C. surprised D. interested
解析：A。本句中的but表示的是转折的含义。由此可知，虽然她不是太老，但她看起来十分“疲惫”，再由and后的not well知此空所填的词应和“身体不好”相吻合。
（5）固定搭配法
这部分主要考查考生平时的基础知识储备，尤其是对动词短语﹑形容词短语﹑固定句型等的考查。
例题1：The former 37every possible effort to avoid being discovered...It was not long50 a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him... （2005重庆卷）
37. A. do B. take C. make D. try
50. A. when B. after C. until D. before
解析： make…effort（尽……力）是固定词组，It was not long before...（……不多久就……）是固定句式，所以这两题的正确答案分别是 C 和 D。
例题2：There was no 40 __asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to spare.
40. A. point B. reason C. result D. right 21世纪教育网（2009北京卷）
解析：选A。here is no point doing sth.固定句型，意为“做……是没有意义的”。
Dear son,
例题3：I want to thank you for teaching me a very valuable lesson in my life by the great example you ________.
A. followed B. gave C. set D. took （2009安徽）
解析：选C。为某人树立榜样 set a good example to somebody
（6）发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意、隐意
近几年NMET完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易给学生造成一种"假象"，产生“轻敌”心理，有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但一对答案错很多，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里一致”。如：
_52_ laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show (pleasure) _53_, but what I was feeling was pure happiness.
52. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I
本题要求根据事情发展的逻辑关系来判定答案。答案是C，此处叙述作者的作文给全班同学带来欢乐的过程，先是“有人”发笑，最后全班同学大笑，逻辑通顺。
（6）结合生活常识判断
At first, everyone on the team got _38_ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the _39_ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have _40_ one-on-one training, got angry when she didn’t give them more playing time in our _41_ . The coach was replaced. （2004北京高考）
38. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra
39. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure
40. A. free B. private C. good D. basic
41. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs
本文介绍作者（一个少年女子足球队员）踢足球的经历。一开始，我们得到“平等的（38）”踢球时间；然后当我们的队获得联赛冠军以后，怎样呢？结合生活常识判断，应是有了"压力（39）"。后面父母贿赂教练干什么呢？根据生活常识判断，应该是让自己的孩子得到“开小灶”的机会，因此40应选B, private“私人的”。41，父母生气是因为贿赂没有起作用，也就是在我们的“比赛”中，他们的女儿没有得到更多的上场比赛的时间。
（三）. 复读全文，验证答案
（1）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。
（2）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一处甚至多处错误。
【牛刀小试】
（一）(2005 全国卷) When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 .
41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food
42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny
43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about
44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner
45. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible
46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen
（二）1. 联系上下文语境
1) Traveling west, you set your clock __1__ ; traveling east, you set it ahead.
A behind B. forward C. back D. ahead
2) Many old people don’t have good __2__. They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to the music.
A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time
3）My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us （2006 山东高考）
(43) A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest
(44) A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust
4) Carolyn Stradley is the founder of C&S Paving Inc. (铺路公司) in Atlanta, USA. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her __1__ and skill but left her flying high. …
“The key to our success was having the __courage__ to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.” （07江苏高考）
(1) A. kindness B. patience C. imagination D. experience
2. 注意习惯搭配
5) The chance passed and I didn’t __50__ it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t __51__ to cheat, but I was still cheating anyhow. (06江苏高考)
(50) A. take B. have C. lose D. find
(51) A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
6) Life is filled with challenges. As we got older we __1__ realize that those challenges are the very things that __shape__ us and make us who we are,… （07山东高考）
A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to
3．词义辨析
7) Now he can no longer walk and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is (1) . One night, I went to visit him with my sister. We started (2) about life, and I told them about one of my (3) . I said that we must very often give things up (4) we grow---our youth, our beauty, our friends---but it always (5) that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. （06北京高考）
(1) A. impossible B. difficult C. stressful D. hopeless
(2) A. worrying B. caring C. talking D. asking
(3) A. decisions B. experiences C. ambitions D. beliefs
(4) A. as B. since C. before D. till
(5) A. suggests B. promises C. seems D. requires （答案见末页）
阅读理解篇
2010年命题趋向：阅读材料更趋向于多样化和“原汁原味”，并追求阅读材料的真实性、实用性和教育性的统一；阅读文章贴近生活，内容新，时代感强；阅读词汇量会逐步有所加大，这就要求我们不断提高阅读速度；句子长度递增，难度加大。
解题步骤可以总结为一套解题程序，也就是“三步走”，即：
第一步，快速阅读整篇文章，特别注意，绝对不可细读，学会跳读，略读。每段只要了解大意即可。（一般前面三句读懂就行）。
第二步，读题目（主要是题干），找关键词；先仔细阅读题目，找出题干中的关键词。关键词一般是题干主谓宾的实词或者特征明显的词（人名、地名、时间、数字等）。
（根据题目的关键词）读原文，找命题点；有目的地在原文中搜索相关信息。将题目中的关键词先定位到原文中的一个段落，进而定位到相关句子。要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序基本一致。
关键词的确定也有技巧：如果题目或选项中有专有名词（人名、地名等）、数字（年代、时间等）要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案；如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。
第三步，对照题目和命题点，选择最佳答案；常见的正确选项是对原文命题点的原文再现、同义转述或二者的结合；高档题可能还需要考生进行一定的归纳、总结、推理或概括，但一切都要严格依照原文命题点，避免主观判断。
下面对关键词寻找举例说明：
72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions 07年全国二卷
65. Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were _____. 08年全国一卷
69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays 08年全国二卷
59. Where can visitors have lunch 08年江苏卷
64. Parents with small children visiting the gallery 08年江苏卷
以上是就最近3年高考题中，随机选择的几道细节题题干。考生在预估出卷人意图时并不需要对题干进行细致精到的分析，只需要稍微把握关键词，对句意囫囵吞枣也未尝不可。而这些“枣子”一般是那些不能被消化、被替换的词语，比如：专有名词、术语等，如果没有这些成分，一般名词或动词则应该被关注；数词在考查过程中，虽然会出现一些简单的运算，但因为其形式的独特性，所以也需要特别留意。也就是说，在审题的过程中，关注等级为（专有）名词、动词、数词。
因此，以上五道题，着重关注的点分别是：06年北京卷—Loftus，volunteer；07年全国二卷—McKenzie，children，08年全国一卷—Snowdonia Centre，holidays，08年全国二卷—visitor，lunch，08年江苏卷—parents，children，gallery。当考生在同一个句子，或相邻的句子中看到了这些词，或者近义词，答案就极有可能近在咫尺了。
干扰项特点：① 部分正确，部分错误；② 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容，如，根据题干中的关键词定位到段落，若选项中出现这个范围之外其他段落的内容必错；③ 符合常识，但不是文章的内容；④ 与原句的内容极为相似，但程度上有些变动，如：将文中并非绝对化的内容绝对化，或偷梁换柱改动一些关键词；⑤ 明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符或是相反。
例题（2009年上海高考阅读理解B）：
While you’re here, try other recreational activities available in our mountains. Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland (but not in the national park).We also recommend you make time to enjoy simple pleasure. After looking around Banff Ave shops, walk a couple of blocks west or south to the scenic Bow River.Try ice skating on frozen Lake Louise where Ice Magic International Ice Sculpture Competition works are displayed after Jan 25. You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.Banff’s backcountry paths access a wilderness world of silence and matchless beauty—cross country skis and snowshoes provide the means. Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour. Although we’ve been many times, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyons worth visiting.Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories. We have seen hundreds of the elk and bighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse a sense of wonder. And the rare spotting of a cougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away.See if simple pleasures work for you. Fight in the snow with your kids, walk beside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view. —Banff Resort Guide Editors 第一段：从第一句的try other recreational activities可知是推荐娱乐活动。（本段后面的就不用看了）第二段：本段就两句，就都看完吧，很明显是看完B.A再欣赏BR。第三段：本段前几个词看完就足够了，不就是讲滑雪的地方嘛。（^_^）第四段：本段第一句有点难度哦，考点往往就在这。通过paths, provide means知道就是讲途径。（第一句看完就闪到下段。）第五段：第一句很清楚表明：creates satisfying memories。第六段：就是诱惑你的家人一起去。
1. According to the passage, Banff’s backcountry is accessible by _____.
A. cross country skiing B. horse-drawn sleigh riding
C. snowmobiling D. dogsledding
2. The purpose of the writing is to ______.
A. promote scenic spots in Canada B. advertise for the sports in Banff
C. introduce tourist activities in Banff D. describe breathtaking views in Banff
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among local people.
B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.
C. Travelers should bring their own sports equipment.
D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.
1. A。注意关键词Banff’s backcountry，第四段的rovide means提供了答案。
2. C。本文第一段的activities就提供了答案。
3. B。由题干可知本题属于细节理解题中的细节判断题。下面我们利用“跳读查找法”，按照选项的顺序，抓住选项中的关键词，在原文中快速查找相关信息，会很快锁定答案。A项中的关键词是“Dogsledding”，原文中只有一处相关信息，即第二段“Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horse-drawn sleigh ride, drive-your-own-team dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland（but not in the national park）”，其中文章中的“Popular”和选项中的“the most popular”说法太绝对，没有事实根据，可排除。用同样的方法依次检查其他选项。第六段“Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.”中的“memories”和选项B中的“memorable”构成意义转换，可确定B项说法正确。由第四段“You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.”和第五段“Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour.”可知游客不必自带运动器具，故C项说法不对。D项明显不是文中信息，与文章信息不符，无从考证。
文章结构类题目解题指导
根据考纲和最近几次模拟考，可以预测此类题型极有可能出现在今年的试题中
文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章——段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。另外，此类题型最常见的考法就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤、过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点。此时，同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。这些推断往往不是凭空臆断，而会在上文中给出一定的提示，或是所说明两个事物或人的其余一个，或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面，总之，作者总会给读者最充分的证据以使读者能对文章的结构作出合理的推断。下面我们以近两年的高考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧。
例1： Armstrong showed a great talent(天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. (2007年陕西卷A篇)
42. The third paragraph is developed________.
A. by space B. by examples
C. by time D. by comparison
解析：题目对节选段落所描述事件的说明方法进行设题。此题需要从文章的细节理解着手。节选段落描写了Armstrong的学艺历程。从“at a boy’s home”和“In his late teens”，我们可以得知节选部分的情节发展方式是按照时间顺序进行的，因此答案为C。
例2： The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ... We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically （身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤） instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.(2008年北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C： Conclusion
解析： 答案为B。文章主要论述了我们在营养品认识方面所存在的误区以及错误认识给我们带来的危害。作者在第一段提出了营养品正影响着我们的生活，而我们却不知道它潜在的危害。在接下来的两段中，文章从两个方面论述了营养品在精神层面上弱化了我们：一、我们毫不犹豫地相信营养品的作用进而选择它；二、营养品本身给我们带来的危害更大，它让我们相信营养吸收可以变得很简单、直接，进而产生一种可以不劳而获的观念，以为生活是不需要奋斗的。第四段中，作者提出了营养品在物质方面对我们的危害，也就是对身体造成的不良影响。最后，作者通过论述营养品在各个方面给我们所带来的危害后提出了自己的观点。由此分析，我们可以知道作者采用了“总—分—总”的论述方法，而第一个论点由两个小的分论点支撑。
归纳题
对于归纳题，很多考生总觉得有“花非花，雾非雾”的朦胧迷乱感。其实，只要盯住一篇文章的四个角落：首段首句，首段尾句，尾端首句，尾段尾句，就基本上不会出现方向上的偏离。这里的“句”，即可以是一个完整的句子，也可以是复杂句中的主句。比如，2008年全国二卷的第四篇文章，这四个角落的句子分别为：
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. …
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动) …theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
首段只有一个句子，提出句中的核心名词chocolate，coughs，medicines。段末的两句话，都有一个词theobromine，虽然不确定这是什么，但可以保证一定和段首的chocolate，coughs，medicines所形成的逻辑链条有关。所以，综合这些信息，大概可以推断文章主要分析chocolate能够治疗coughs，当成medicines，因为里面有theobromine，而且没有什么side effects。
因此56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text B便成了自然之选。
A. Codeine: A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
任务型阅读篇
任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表，并有一定字数的限制。主要考察学生获取信息的能力（对应信息查找题）、组织信息的能力（对应信息转换题）和概括表达信息能力（对应信息归纳题）。
一、解题步骤：
一般根据题目特点，可分为以下三步：
1）略读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2）细读—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
3）复读—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。
二、解题技巧：
1.信息查找题
解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如：（1）5W and 1H：who, what ,when, where ,why ,how（2）时间先后: first , then , after ,that , next, finally（3）因果:because , thus , lead to, cause, as a result （4）比较:similarly, differently（5）转折：but, while, however, instead, on the contrary
2.信息转换题
解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
（1）词性转换，即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换。解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。例如：
1.原文：be responsible for your own learning...（2008江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Take（76）_________ for one’s own learning.
分析：抓住关键词responsible，将它转换为名词。答案为responsibility。
2.Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Messages from others help you(73) who you are．
分析：抓住关键词determining，将此动名词转换为动词原形，因有词组let sb. do…。答案为：determine／define／know／understand
3. communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．（2009江苏高考题）
转换成表格中：Needs and(74) of others should be considered．
分析：抓住关键词expect,将它转换为名词。答案为：expectations／hopes／desires／wishes。
4. With all the information available, it's not surprising that people can feel confused.（2009安徽高考题）转换成表格中：There is a lot job information on-line, but too much of it may sometimes be (77)________.
分析：抓住关键词confused,由于题目中的主语是too much of it,因此答案为confusing。
5. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The information is updated in a (78)________ manner.
分析：抓住关键词regularly，转换成形容词。答案为：regular
6. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
转换成表格中：Its vast resources include ways of job (79)_______. （2009安徽高考题）
分析：抓住关键词apply, 转换成名词。答案为：application。
7. It's worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can. （2009安徽高考题）
转换成表格中：The time you spend and the efforts you make will be (85)_________.
分析：抓住关键词worth，转换成形容词。答案为：worthwhile。
（2）句子结构转换。做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。以2009年江苏高考题为例：
1.原文：But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．
转换成表格中：we are always(71) ▲ in communication with others．
分析：首先要将原文句意理解透彻，题意为：每一天我们在沟通中都是以自我为中心的。其次分析出题人的意图，找出题眼，本题是如何将题眼the centrality of our selves转换为一个表语，就本题应为一个形容词。答案为：self-centered／subjective。
2.原文：we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．
转换成表格中：We are constantly(78) ▲ meanings by what we do．
分析：本题题意不难理解，即：我们应常向他人提供有交际价值的行为。出题人的意图是：have communicative value= ____ ___ meanings. 答案为：conveying／expressing
3. 原文：Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．
转换成表格中：Yon may redo the conversation，but you(80) ▲ achieve the same results．
分析：很容易看出本题的意图：made far different results= ____ ___ achieve the same results. 答案为：can’t／cannot
3.信息归纳题
1.解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，简洁。
常见概括性词有：原因：reason, cause；结果：result, effect；目的：aim, purpose；方法：measure, solution, way, method；观点：opinion, view, attitude；异同：differences, similarities；优劣：advantages, disadvantages；其它：time, purpose, behavior, feeling。
书面表达篇
第一部分：基本要求
在书面表达上拿到高档次的分数。 书面表达在评阅时遵循语言第一位（语言高级），内容第二位（要点齐全），结构第三位（文章分段）的原则，也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言，换句话说是亮点，根据语言使用情况，亮点的多少而定出档次，所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。亮点一共有四种：一、高级词汇和语法；二、修辞手法；三、有效的连词；四、名人名言或谚语。首先简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级语法，以及修辞手法当中的一些技巧的使用。在书面表达中老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。
方法一:注重文章的开始句 / 主题句、承转句和结尾句,它会吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
1. With the rapid development / advance of science and technology, a lot of social problems have come into being.
2. Many of us take it for granted that we can take anything from nature as we like.
3. As we all know / As is well known / As far as I’m concerned, the following ways are of great help to us.
4. As an old saying goes / runs, “ Honesty is the best policy.”
5. It is said / thought / known / reported / expected / believed / …that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
以上句子可用于文章的开始或主题句,使表达简练生动,主题突出。
6. We need to live a regular life. That is to say / That is / Namely, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking too much.
7. As a matter of fact / In fact, it is health that counts.
8. Besides / In addition, we should not forget that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
9. The government should enforce（执行）laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop a good habit of reducing pollution.
10. In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.
以上句子可用于文章承转句。注重语段衔接也是取得高分的杀手锏。
11. Last but not least, there is the question of adequate funding.
12. For these reasons, I think that receiving college education is wise.
13. There is no doubt/denying that education plays a big role in our life.
用于文章结论句。这种句式更能鲜明地表达出说话者的态度和观点,给人留下一个圆满的结局。
方法二:在整篇文章中,要特别注重使用一些较为复杂的结构,如非谓语动词、独立主格结构、倒装句、强调句、虚拟句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
13. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theatres and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.
14. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
15. We could do nothing but / other than wait.
16. Given a chance, I can surprise the world.
17. Television has so many advantages. It keeps us informed about the latest news, but also provides entertainment in the home.
以上非谓语动词的使用使句子显得更简洁,更高级,必定会获得阅卷老师较好的印象。
18. Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life.
19. Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we care more about nature and build a harmonious relationship with our earth.
20. Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses.
21. Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.
倒装句有意“打破常规”,使句子带有强烈的情感色彩,使行文错落有致。
22. It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
强调句式的使用使得写作重点突出,给读者留下了深刻的印象,同时使文章结构更加紧凑、行文节奏婉转流畅。
23. Our headteacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
24. It’s high time (that) we did something to improve our environment.
运用强调句式和虚拟语气的效果能化腐朽为神奇,改平淡为传神。
25. What’s exciting and interesting is that we can exchange language lessons, with you teaching me English, and me teaching you Chinese!
26. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
27. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
28. To own a colour TV set in each family, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now has become true.
这样的句子让人感到“头重脚轻”或“头轻脚重’,它会显得与众不同。
提示：特别注意用分词结构
在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其次是剩下的几项。但很多学生不知道如何在文章中使用这个最大的亮点。其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构，时间状语从句，原因状语，条件状语等。例如条件状语从句：If such is the case, you should apologize to her. 如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。
口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。
If such is the case, you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改，第一步，去掉连词if；第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；第三步，改分词，is 变成分词是being，所以最后变成Such being the case, you should apologize to her.就变成了独立主格。如果前后两句话主语一致，就变成分词结构，例如2005年高考书面表达中的一句话Because I am a student, I’d like to know the price for students. 改成Being a student, I’d like to know the price for students.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达由于，因为，如果等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。
二、在用词准确、得体的基础上,选择较为高级的词汇,或一些熟悉词汇的较高级用法,正如一叶知秋,体现了作者驾驭语言的能力,想不得高分也难。
方法一:避免重复使用词汇。有时一篇作文里会多次出现某一词时,这时表达方式的变化(用不同的单词或词组表达相同的意义),使词汇运用丰富多彩,章法灵活。
29. The new railway is still under construction. ( is being built )
30. The project is now well under way.
31. After 20 years the town had changed beyond recognition.
32. I’m awfully grateful to you for taking so much trouble to help me. (Thank you for…)
方法二:注重使用短语、习语来代替某些词,使得文章具有多彩性。
33. Every coin has two sides.
34. 25% of my classmates hold the view that doing part-time jobs will help one gain work experience and learn more of the society. (think)
35. All work and no play make(s) Jack a dull boy.只工作,不玩耍,聪明孩子会变傻。
第二部分：亮点作文
1.关于学习效率：
No one can deny the importance of efficiency in study. It not only saves us much time which can be spent in doing other activities, but also improves our memory and enthusiasm for study. Just imagine how happy you are when you make full use of every minute.
Unfortunately, despite the fact, little attention is paid to it. As a result, we feel so tired and pressured since we have spent much time on it but nothing works at last. Worse still, some of us are discouraged and quite at a loss.
So here are some suggestions that may help. First, we should develop a habit of making a study plan and carrying it out no matter what difficulty comes in the way. Second, doing exercise regularly will without doubt have positive effects on studying efficiency. Just as the proverb says, all work and no plan makes Jack a dull boy. On in this way can we study efficiently.
2.关于课外阅读 （南通一模）
Dear editor,
Students of today are reading more than ever before. Indeed, the importance of reading can never be too much stressed.
First of all, reading, especially out-of-class reading, enriches our mind and broadens our horizon. People say that books are the crystal of human wisdom. Through reading, we learn what cannot be learnt in our classrooms. Besides, reading is also a way of relaxation. It is so refreshing to read a story before going to bed, or after a day of study.
There’re many famous sayings about reading, like “Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body”. Then, how can we develop the habit of reading In the first place, I believe we need to begin from an early age, then stick to it and never give up. Secondly, ……
Yours sincerely,
Jiang Ping
3.根据漫画写短文.(关于尊敬老人)
Just as it vividly shows in the picture, an old man is sitting alone on the bench in a park, looking at a young mother holding the bike for her little daughter while she is riding it. By the side of the old man lies a sleeping little pet dog. This is a picture of great contrast. By the look on the man’s face, we can tell the old man feels a bit lonely. However, the little girl, enjoying her mother’s company, is playing happily.
The reason for the phenomenon is not hard to find. Nowadays, all families have only one child. So parents do whatever they can to take good care of their children. On the other hand, the children take it for granted that they should be focus of the family, who turn a blind eye to what their grandparents or parents need and feel.
As far as I’m concerned, the phenomenon should call for the attention of the whole society. Needless to say, not only the young but also the old in our society deserve good care and enough attention. The needs of the old shouldn’t be ignored. In conclusion, we shouldn’t lose the good tradition of caring for the old.
单选答案：ADBAB BD 完形答案 (一)DBABC D (二)1. CC BD C 2. ACB 3. BCBAC
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