主谓一致
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主谓一致学案 （习题答案在本学案最后）
【使用说明】 首先请预习主谓一致的语法规则，然后完成本学案的练习题。
【自主学习】
主谓一致：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。
但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）＼意义一致＼就近原则。
一、语法一致原则
一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
E g: The number of errors was surprising.
二、 意义一致原则
主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。
E g：The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。
三、就近原则
谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。
E g：Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there .
（就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or….. not only …but also…，not……but……连接时; 在there be…./here be……句型中）
四、主谓一致应注意以下问题：
1. 有together with, with, as well as , but , except ,besides, rather than, including, along, along with, like.连接并列主语时,采取从前原则.
2. 由and 或both----and 连接主语，谓语动词用复数。
3. 如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。
4. every…and (every)……; each …and (each)… ; no …and (no)… ; many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. some (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分数或百分数+of +名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。
6. none 有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。
7. one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。
8. one and a half做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。
9. more ＋复数名词 ＋than one 和 more than one ＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。more than + 两个以上的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
10. 表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。
11. 算术中的动词单复数都可以, 多用单数。
12. 集合名词class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。
13. 有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, clothes等。
14. “定冠词+adj/分词”表示一类具体的人或物时，谓语用复数，若表示抽象概念，则用单数 。
15. what, who, which, any(of) , more, most, all(of) ,half(of), part (of) 等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。
16. 一个不定式，动名词，从句做主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。
17. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
18. 在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。
19. 在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。
20. 一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。
21. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。
22. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。
23. 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers, shorts, shoes ,socks, scissors, glasses, compasses,等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【知识反馈】
Ⅰ. 单项选择：
1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.
A. were B. is C. are D. am
2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.
A. was B. is C. are D. am
3. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads
4. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.
A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were
5. I know that all ___ getting on well with her.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
6. Our family ___ a happy one.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
7. More than one answer ___ to the question.
A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given
8. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting.
A. had been B. were C. is D. was
9. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.
A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be
10. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers.
A. be B. are C. is D. was
11. The wounded ___ good care of here now.
A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken
12. Deer ___ faster than dogs.
A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run
13. The United Nations ___ in 1945.
A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found
14. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.
A. was B. are C. is D. am
15. I am the one who___ wrong.
A. am B. is C. are D. have been
16. Between the two buildings ___ a big tree.
A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand
17. The number of the people who ___ cars ___ increasing.
A. own….are B. own…is C. owns…is D. owns…are
18. No one except Jack and Tom ___ the answer.
A. are knows B. is knowing C. knows D. know
19. There ___ in this room.
A. are too many furnitures B. are too much furniture
C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture
20. Every means ___ been tried since then.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
21. One and a half bananas ___on the table.
A. are left B. is left C. have left D. has left
22. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.
A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were
23. My blue trousers ____ worn out. One pair of trousers ____ not enough.
A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is
24. The news at six o’clock ____ not true. Those pieces of news ____ to be broadcasted.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
25. Half of the visitors ___ from Europe. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
26. Chinese ____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ____ brave and hard working.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
27. Bread and butter for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays but things were different 20 years ago.
A. serve B. is served C. has served D. are served
28. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (09陕西)
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
29. –Why does the lake smell terrible
--Because large quantities of water . (09福建)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
30. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(09湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
II. 单句改错
1. Not you but your partner were invited to the party.
2. There are a girl and some old people taking a walk in the park.
3. Physics are my favorite subject.
4. The writer and poet are going to give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon.
【答案】
1-5 DCDBB 6-10 DCBDB 11-15 CDBDB
16-20 CBCDA 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 CBADB
改错：1. were---was 2. are----is 3. are----is 4. are----is
PAGE
Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每一个人都是自身幸福的建筑师。
【使用说明】 首先请预习主谓一致的语法规则，然后完成本学案的练习题。
【自主学习】
主谓一致：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致，这就叫主谓一致。
但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）＼意义一致＼就近原则。
一、语法一致原则
一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
E g: The number of errors was surprising.
二、 意义一致原则
主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。
E g：The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。
三、就近原则
谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。
E g：Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there .
（就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or….. not only …but also…，not……but……连接时; 在there be…./here be……句型中）
四、主谓一致应注意以下问题：
1. 有together with, with, as well as , but , except ,besides, rather than, including, along, along with, like.连接并列主语时,采取从前原则.
2. 由and 或both----and 连接主语，谓语动词用复数。
3. 如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。
4. every…and (every)……; each …and (each)… ; no …and (no)… ; many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
5. some (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分数或百分数+of +名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。
6. none 有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。
7. one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。
8. one and a half做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。
9. more ＋复数名词 ＋than one 和 more than one ＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。more than + 两个以上的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
10. 表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。
11. 算术中的动词单复数都可以, 多用单数。
12. 集合名词class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。
13. 有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, clothes等。
14. “定冠词+adj/分词”表示一类具体的人或物时，谓语用复数，若表示抽象概念，则用单数 。
15. what, who, which, any(of) , more, most, all(of) ,half(of), part (of) 等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。
16. 一个不定式，动名词，从句做主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。
17. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
18. 在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。
19. 在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。
20. 一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。
21. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。
22. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。
23. 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers, shorts, shoes ,socks, scissors, glasses, compasses,等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【知识反馈】
Ⅰ. 单项选择：
1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.
A. were B. is C. are D. am
2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.
A. was B. is C. are D. am
3. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads
4. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.
A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were
5. I know that all ___ getting on well with her.
A. were B. are C. is D. was
6. Our family ___ a happy one.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
7. More than one answer ___ to the question.
A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given
8. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting.
A. had been B. were C. is D. was
9. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.
A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be
10. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers.
A. be B. are C. is D. was
11. The wounded ___ good care of here now.
A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken
12. Deer ___ faster than dogs.
A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run
13. The United Nations ___ in 1945.
A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found
14. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.
A. was B. are C. is D. am
15. I am the one who___ wrong.
A. am B. is C. are D. have been
16. Between the two buildings ___ a big tree.
A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand
17. The number of the people who ___ cars ___ increasing.
A. own….are B. own…is C. owns…is D. owns…are
18. No one except Jack and Tom ___ the answer.
A. are knows B. is knowing C. knows D. know
19. There ___ in this room.
A. are too many furnitures B. are too much furniture
C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture
20. Every means ___ been tried since then.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
21. One and a half bananas ___on the table.
A. are left B. is left C. have left D. has left
22. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.
A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were
23. My blue trousers ____ worn out. One pair of trousers ____ not enough.
A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is
24. The news at six o’clock ____ not true. Those pieces of news ____ to be broadcasted.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
25. Half of the visitors ___ from Europe. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
26. Chinese ____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ____ brave and hard working.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
27. Bread and butter for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays but things were different 20 years ago.
A. serve B. is served C. has served D. are served
28. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (09陕西)
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
29. –Why does the lake smell terrible
--Because large quantities of water . (09福建)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
30. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(09湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
II. 单句改错
1. Not you but your partner were invited to the party.
2. There are a girl and some old people taking a walk in the park.
3. Physics are my favorite subject.
4. The writer and poet are going to give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon.
【答案】
1-5 DCDBB 6-10 DCBDB 11-15 CDBDB
16-20 CBCDA 21-25 BCDCC 26-30 CBADB
改错：1. were---was 2. are----is 3. are----is 4. are----is
PAGE
Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 每一个人都是自身幸福的建筑师。