课件50张PPT。高考写作24个话题——动物保护
【话题词汇】
1．challenge n． 挑战
2．consequence n． 后果
3．environment n． 环境
4．species n． 物种
5．creature n． 生物
6．survival n． 幸存；存活7．extinction n． 灭绝
8．disappearance n． 消失
9．overfish v． 过度捕鱼
10．attach great importance to 十分重视……
11．take effective measures 采取有效措施
12．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
13．There is no denying that 无可否认……【美文佳作】
(2017·山东师大附中高三二诊)假如你非常喜欢中央电视台的“动物世界(Animal World)”这个节目，请根据以下内容提示，以“My Favourite TV Program”为题，给CCTV－9英语频道的编辑写一篇英语短文。
喜欢这一节目的理由：1.喜欢小动物；2.节目生动有趣；3.增长了不少知识。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
My Favourite TV Program
“Animal World”is a popular TV program by CCTV．It is also my favourite program.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
One possible version：My_Favourite_TV_Program
“Animal_World”is_a_popular_TV_program_by_CCTV．It_is_also_my_favourite_program.①
I like it because I really like small animals.Also，the host has the ability to make the program lively and interesting.Finally，from the program I have learned a lot about how animals live，which I didn't know before. By watching the program，I have begun to understand the relationship between people，animals and nature.I have also realized how important it is to protect the environment and nature.
I know that animals are a part of nature.They can't be separated from human beings.If_we_want_to_live_well，we_must_keep_the_ balance_of_nature.② We should let everyone understand that we must take care of our planet and stop destroying it.
【佳句仿写】
1．游泳是我最喜欢的体育运动。
Swimming is______.
2．如果他回来了，请通知我。
______，please let me know.
【答案】 1.my favourite sport
2．If he comes back[词汇突破]
1．face
(1)vt.面向；面对
The building faces the big river.这座建筑面向大河。
(2)vt.(使)面临；正视
Face the facts，sir! 正视事实吧，先生！
Faced with robbers，she kept calm.
面对强盗，她保持着镇静。
(3)n.表情；面子
If Tom doesn't keep his promise，he'll lose face.
如果汤姆不信守诺言，他就会丢面子。【归纳拓展】
in sb.'s face正对着某人；当着某人的面
in the face of面临；不管
lose face丢脸，失面子
make a face做鬼脸或怪相
face up to大胆面向
be faced with面对
【温馨提示】 表示“面对”时，有两种表达方式：sb.faces sth.(主动意义)；sb.is faced with sth.(被动意义)。?多维训练
(1)用face的正确形式填空
①________ with so many difficulties ahead，the girl doubted whether she could get through the task on time.
②I'd like to book a room __________ south.
(2)短语填空
lose face，in the face of，face to face
①We need to find a way to end the conflict without either side ___.
②He stood ________ with his opponent.
③He was unable to deny the charges ________ new evidence.
【答案】 (1)①Faced ②facing (2)①losing face
②face to face ③in the face of
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷)When he handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannon's ________(face) was black from the extreme cold.
【答案】 face2．situated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的
The school is situated in the heart of the city.
这所学校位于市中心。
【温馨提示】 situate的用法与我们母语的表达习惯不同。在母语中与建筑物是主动关系；在英语中是被动关系，用“建筑物＋be situated＋地点状语”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)be badly/well situated境况困难/良好
(2)be situated on/in/at 位于……的；坐落在……的；处于……地位/境遇/状态的
(3)situate vt.使……坐落/建于某处
(4)situation n．立场；局势；地理位置；形势
in a situation在……形势下；处于……状况中Microsoft is well situated to exploit this new market.
微软具备良好的条件开拓这个新市场。
His parents died in an accident and left him an orphan.
He was badly situated at the moment.
他的父母死于一场意外事故，他成了孤儿，目前处境艰难。
That is a small town situated just(to the)south of Cleveland.
那是一个地处克利夫兰以南的小城。
The company wants to situate its headquarters in the north.
那个公司想把总部设在北方。?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Half an hour later，they reached the lighthouse _______ (situate) on the mouth of the river.
②He got into a situation ________ it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
(2)单句改错
Situating in a quiet spot within a few minutes' walk of a river，the hotel is comfortable to live in.________
【答案】 (1)①situated ②where (2)Situating→Situated3．opposite
(1)prep.& adv.在……对面；在对面
The post office is opposite the bank.邮局在银行对面。
They sat opposite on the lawn.他们面对面坐在草坪上。
(2)adj.相反的；相对的；对面的
His store is opposite to mine.他的店在我的对面。
(3)n.对立面；对立物
Jack is considerate; his wife is just the opposite.
杰克能体贴人，而他妻子恰恰相反。巧学助记 be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反 ?写出下列句中opposite的词性和含义
①Getting into the train, the man found himself sitting opposite an old woman.________
②In theory, relaxation is the opposite of stress.________
③He cried to his friend on the opposite side of the street.________
【答案】 ①prep. 在……对面 ②n.对立面 ③adj.对面的4．sign
(1)vt.& vi.签署；签(名)
The football team has signed two new players.
该足球队已签约聘用了两名新队员。
He signed his name on the cheque.他在支票上签了名。
(2)vt.& vi.做手势通知
She signed the child to be quiet.她示意孩子安静下来。
(3)n.符号；标志；招牌；手势；征兆
The sign says “Parking Forbidden”．
示牌上写着“禁止停车”。The policeman made a sign for us to stop.
警察向我们示意叫我们停下。
There are no signs of life about the house.
这房子没有人住的迹象。 巧学助记?巧辨异同?
symbol，sign，signal，mark，symptom
(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
(2)sign指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
(3)signal指为了警告、命令或报信而发出的信号或暗号；也可指导致某事发生的起因。
(4)mark既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。
(5)symptom通常指作为医学诊断的病兆。 ?多维训练
(1)完成句子
①“＋、－、×、÷”are ______.
“加、减、乘、除”是数学符号。
②The policeman ______.
警察做手势让他们停住。
③Violence is ______，not ______.
暴力是懦弱或恐惧的迹象，不是力量和信心的表征。
④We ______ saying “Keep off the grass”．
我们竖起一块写有“远离草地”的告示牌。(2)用symbol, signal, sign, mark 填空
①The siren was a ______ for everyone to leave the building.
②The children left dirty ______ all over the kitchen floor.
③Dove is a ______ of peace.
④Dark clouds are usually a ______ of rain.
【答案】 (1)①mathematical signs ②signed (for/to) them to stop ③a sign of weakness or fear a sign of strength or confidence ④put up a sign
(2)①signal ②marks ③symbol ④sign
?高考链接
(2016·上海卷，C)The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report，released last week，has blamed firms for making people _________(sign) up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记)to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.
【答案】 sign5．range n．山脉；排；连续；(变化等的)幅度；(知识等的)范围；区域；射程
v．排列，使……排队；(动植物)分布；(在一定范围内)变化，变动；(范围)涉及，扩展
Between Italy and France，there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间有一座山脉叫阿尔卑斯山。
The houses are sold out within this price range.
这个价格范围之内的房子已售完。巧学助记The kindergarden offers a full range of activities for children.这家幼儿园给孩子们提供各种活动。
?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中range的词性及汉语意思
①The food prices will have an increase in the range of 7 to 10 percent.________
②The land has high mountain ranges and deep valleys.________
③Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million.________(2)单句语法填空
①Costs range from 50 ________ several hundred pounds.
②If the target was farther than fifty metres，then it was out ________ range.
③We have ________ range of men's shirts on special offer.
(3)完成句子
It came ________ my vision.
该物体进入了我的视野。
【答案】 (1)①n.范围 ②n.山脉 ③vt.在……内变动 (2)①to ②of ③a (3)in/within the range of
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷)No matter where you are on the risk－seeking ________(range)，scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.
【答案】 range[短语聚焦]
1．in terms of 据……；依照……；就……而言
It is a small country both in terms of size and population.
就面积和人口而言，它是一个小国。
Our wages have gone down in real terms over the past year.
我们的工资去年一年内实际上降低了。
In terms of customer satisfaction，the policy cannot be criticized.
说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。
In their terms，cutting government spending is the most important thing.
根据他们的观点，削减政府开支是最重要的事情。 【归纳拓展】
in no uncertain terms 毫不含糊地，直截了当地
in the long/short term 从长远的观点看/从短期来看
be in terms 在谈判(交涉中)
keep on good (friendly) terms with sb.
与某人保持良好(友谊)关系，交朋友
be on equal terms 关系平等
on one's terms 依照某人的条件?完成句子
①Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial ________.
学习并不总那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。
②I had no idea that she was ________ her neighbor.
我不知道她与她的邻居关系不好。
【答案】 ①in the long term ②on bad terms with2．on the other hand另一方面；反过来说
Tom is clever；on the other hand，he is a very lazy student and therefore he gets low grades.
汤姆聪明，可他是个懒学生，因此他成绩不高。
On the one hand，she taught English；on the other hand，she learned Chinese.
她一方面教英语，另一方面学习汉语。
on the one hand...on the other hand...经常在一起使用，意为“一方面……另一方面……”。
【归纳拓展】
on (the) one hand ..., on the other (hand) 一方面……；另一方面……(常表达相矛盾的两方面)for one thing..., for another 一方面……，另一方面/一则……，二则(陈述的两方面情况常一致)
... is one thing，... is (quite) another/ It's one thing to ...，it's another thing to ...……是一回事，……是另一回事
first(ly)．..，second(ly)．..第一……，第二……
?翻译句子
①一方面我们应该呼吁公众提高认识，另一方面我们应该立即行动。
______________________________________________________
②我不去。一则我已经看过这部电影；二则今晚我有一个重要会议要参加。
_____________________________________________________【答案】 ①On (the) one hand，we are supposed to appeal to the public to deepen the understanding，but on the other(hand)，we ourselves should do it immediately.
②I won't go.For one thing，I have seen the film；for another，I have an important meeting to attend tonight.
?高考链接
(2016·江苏卷，B)Human children，________(另一方面)，are naturally cooperative.
【答案】 on the other hand[句型精析]
1．Between_France_and_Spain_is_another_mountain_range—the Pyrenees.
法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
这是一个全部倒装句式。其自然语序是：Another
mountain range—the Pyrenees is between France and Spain.
全部倒装是指将句子的谓语部分全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用一般现在时和一般过去时，常见情形有：
(1)表示地点、时间等的介词短语放于句首时，句子通常用完全倒装。
On the ground lay an old sick goat.
地上躺着一只有病的老山羊。(2)here，there，now，then等副词置于句首时，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie等，句子常用完全倒装。
There goes the bell！铃响了！
Look！Here comes_the_taxi.看！出租车来了。
(3)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语如in，out，away，off，up，down等置于句首，谓语动词是表示运动的动词，这时句子常用完全倒装。
Out_rushed_a_missile from under the bomber.
导弹从轰炸机下面冲出来了。
【温馨提示】 若句子的主语是代词，而不是名词时，主谓不倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。?多维训练
(1)将下列句子改为倒装句
①An old temple stands on the top of the hill.
_______________________________________________________
②An old man who had been killed in the fire lay on the floor.
_______________________________________________________
③Some of the main aspects of life today are below.
_______________________________________________________
④ I had hardly gone to sleep when the mobile phone rang.
_______________________________________________________(2)完成句子
①On the desk__________.桌子上有几堆书。
②The child tiptoed quietly to the bird.____________ when he was about to catch it.那个男孩垫着脚尖安静地走向那只鸟，当他正要去抓的时候，鸟儿飞进了树林。
③For a moment nothing happened.____________ all shouting together.
有一会儿什么都没有发生，然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。
【答案】 (1)①On the top of the hill stands an old temple.
②On the floor lay an old man who had been killed in the fire.
③Below are some of the main aspects of life today
④Hardly had I gone to sleep when the mobile phone rang
(2)①lie piles of books ②Away it flew into the forest ③Then came voices2．neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither I nor Tom has finished the homework.
我和汤姆都没有完成作业。
Neither should students stay up too late at night，nor can they waste their spare time.
学生们既不能熬夜太晚，也不能浪费业余时间。
【温馨提示】 (1)当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近原则”。
(2)neither...nor...连接两个分句时，neither或nor如果提到句首，包含它们的分句要用部分倒装语序。 【归纳拓展】
(1)可以单独使用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。如：
Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。
(2)neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词 /情态动词/be动词＋主语。如：
They didn't go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。?翻译句子
①不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
__________________________________________________
②不是她，就是我去拿些粉笔。
__________________________________________________
③既不是你也不是他曾见过这人。
__________________________________________________
④桌子上有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
__________________________________________________
【答案】 ①Not you but your father is to blame.
②Either she or I am going to fetch some chalks.
③Neither you nor he has seen the person.
④There is a pencil and two pens on the desk.
“课下练习”见“课时作业”
课件46张PPT。高考写作24个话题——购物
【话题词汇】
1．home－made adj. 家庭制作的，自制的
2．material n． 物质
3．credit n． 信用卡
4．e－mail n． 电子邮件
5．complaint n． 抱怨
6．recreation n． 消遣
7．exchange v． 交换
8．as for 至于，对于
9．instead of 而不是
10．shop online 网上购物【美文佳作】
网购已成为很多高中生青睐的一种现代购物方式。请你以“Online Shopping”为题，并从以下三个方面，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己对网购的一些看法。
1．越来越多的高中生喜欢在网上购买商品；
2．网上购物可能存在的问题；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：网店店主the Internet shopping provider，假货fake goodsOnline Shopping
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________One possible version：
Online Shopping
Nowadays，shopping through the Internet has been becoming increasingly popular among senior school students and they prefer to buy almost everything they want online.
Online_shopping，however，can_sometimes_bring_headaches_ to_students_when_they_enjoy_shopping_online.① Firstly，the quality of the objects may not be as good as they are described and it is possible for them to buy fake goods.In_addition，some_students_find_it_very_ hard_to_make_a_change_when_they_are_not_satisfied_with_the_commodities_bought_online.②
I_strongly_hold_the_view_that_regulations_and_rules_should_be_worked_out_to_screen_and_check_the_Internet_shopping_providers.③If so，I believe the promising online shopping is just awaiting us.【佳句仿写】
1．他感觉不舒服，但他仍然去上班。
He was feeling bad，______，he went to work.
2．除了大地震之外，还有海啸。
There was a terrible earthquake and，______，there were tsunamis.
3．他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
The news______soon spread over the whole school.
【答案】 1.however
2．in addition
3．that they had won the game[词汇突破]
1．measure
(1)vt.& vi.测量；测度
She was being measured for her wedding dress.
她正在量尺寸，做她的婚服。
The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale.
这次地震测得里氏6.5级。
(2)n.尺寸；措施
Mr.Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。The government has suggested measures to reduce crime.
政府已提出遏止犯罪活动的法令。
【归纳拓展】
make sth.to sb.'s measure照某人的尺寸做某物
take measures采取措施，这时measure通常用复数形式。
Do you know the history of that bridge________
(measuring/measured)as long as 200 metres?
这句话中要用measuring作定语，与bridge是主动关系。 ?多维训练
(1)完成句子
①Please make a suit ____________(按我的尺寸)．
②His success was ____________(在某种程度上) due to his being in the right place at the right time.
③The government should ____________(采取措施防止) pollution.
④Education __________________(不应该仅仅用……来衡量) the examination results.
(2)单句改错
Measures have taken to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.________
【答案】 (1)①to my measure ②in some measure
③take measures to prevent ④shouldn't be measured purely/only by (2)have后加been2．position n．位置；职位；立场
The house has a very good position.
这所房子处于一个很好的位置。
He has a good position in a government office.
他在政府机关里担任一个好职务。
Our government holds a firm position on that issue.
对于这个问题，我们政府的立场很坚定。
【归纳拓展】
in a position处于……的地位/处境
be in/out of position在/不在适当的位置
be in a position to do sth.(因有能力、金钱或权力而)能做某事
take up(one's)position就位
shift one's position改变立场This put him and his colleagues in a difficult position.
这使他和同事们处于困难的境地。
She held the position of sales manager.
她担任销售经理的职务。
??多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中position的汉语意思
①I'm not sure what I would do if I were in your position.______
②She holds the position of sales manager.______
③From his position on the cliff top，he had a good view of the harbour.______(2)单句语法填空
①If you were ______ my position，what would you do then?
②Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
【答案】 (1)①处境 ②职位 ③位置 (2)①in ②where
?高考链接
(2016·四川卷，A)Students in this________(position) will be keeping live statistics during basketball games.
【答案】 position3．figure
(1)n.数字；人物；人影；体形
Where did you get those figures?
你从哪儿得到那些数字的？
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已成了一位知名人物。
I saw a figure in the darkness.我看到暗处有一个人影。
She has an attractive figure.她有迷人的体形。
(2)vt.& vi.想；估计；计算
I figure that you'd want your coffee.我想你要喝咖啡了。
Have you figured out the expenses?
你把花销都算出来了吗？巧学助记【归纳拓展】
(1)the latest sales figures 最新的销售数字
a square figure 方形
a historical figure 历史人物
a perfect figure 完美的身材
(2)figure 还用作动词，意为“计算；想；估计”。
figure sth.in 将某物包括在内；计算在内
figure on sth. 计划，指望
figure out 弄明白；计算出?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中figure的汉语意思
①She has a good figure.______
②By 2014，this figure had risen to 14 million.______
③Chairman Mao is an important political figure.______
④It is a waxwork(蜡) figure.______(2)单句语法填空
①This doesn't mean trying to figure ________ what's wrong with the other person.
②Every woman wants ________ slim figure these days，especially here in the cities.
(3)用figure短语的正确形式填空
Have you ________ how much the trip has cost？I haven't ________ costing so much money.To be honest，I can't ________ what the money has been spent on.
【答案】 (1)①身材 ②数字 ③人物 ④塑像
(2)①out ②a (3)figured out；figured on；figure out
?高考链接
(2016·新课标卷Ⅲ，B)Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim ________(figure) in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation.
【答案】 figure4．exchange vt.& n．交换；交流；兑换
He exchanged the plough for the sword.
他以犁换剑(化干戈为玉帛)。
Will you exchange seats with me?
你愿意同我调换座位吗？
An exchange of opinions is helpful.
相互交换意见是有益的。
Let's make an exchange.You'll clean my room，and I'll do the shopping for you.
让我们做个交换，你为我打扫房间，我为你买东西。 巧学助记
exchange A for B 以A换B
exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物
exchange a word/words with sb. 和某人交谈
in exchange for 作为交换
the exchange rate 兑换率
make an exchange 交换?,完成句子
①He ________ the black jacket ________ a blue one.
他把黑色夹克换成蓝色的。
②At the end of the game players traditionally ________________.
比赛结束时，运动员习惯交换队服。
【答案】 ①exchanged；for
②exchange shirts with each other [短语聚焦]
make an effort 努力，尽力
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告表明我们正在取得进步，但是我们还需要尽更大的努力。
I have to make an effort if I want to make a difference.
如果我想出人头地，我必须努力。 【归纳拓展】through sb's efforts通过某人的努力
put a lot of effort into投入很多精力 Frank put a lot of effort into the preparations for the party.
弗兰克花了很大力气来准备这次聚会。
We spared no effort to host the 2010 Shanghai Expo.
我们尽了一切力量来举办2010上海世博会。
With effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
她好不容易才忍住了笑。?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Robin makes ________ great effort to learn Japanese and he has made progress in it.
②We should spare no effort ________(make) up for the lost time.
③They've been working night and day ________ an effort to get the bridge ready on time.
(2)完成句子
①He lifted the box ________.
他毫不费力地把箱子搬起来。
②________ she managed to stop herself laughing.
她好不容易才忍住了笑。
【答案】 (1)①a ②to make ③in (2)①without effort
②With effort[句型精析]
1．Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school，about 115 million children are not being educated.
虽然在发展中国家80%以上的儿童都能上小学，但仍有约1.15亿儿童不能接受教育。
although/though引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然……，尽管……”时，让步状语从句与主句之间绝对不可以用but连接，但是可以用yet，still等。
Although it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续踢足球。 He is unhappy，although/though he has a lot of money.
虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。
Although/Though_she_works_very_hard，yet she makes very slow progress.
尽管她很刻苦，但还是进步不快。
?翻译句子
①尽管他是一位数学老师，但是很喜欢语文。
_________________________________________________
②尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
_________________________________________________ 【答案】 ①Math teacher as he is，he likes Chinese very much.
或Although/Though he is a math teacher，he likes Chinese very much.
②Hard as/though he works，he makes little progress.
或Although he works hard，he makes little progress.
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷，27)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________he's in his nineties.
【答案】 although /even though/even if2．It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age...
这是规模和历史相似的城镇之间的一份协定……
“of＋某些抽象名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征，该结构在句中可作表语或定语。
be of后还可加表示度量、种类、形状、颜色等的名词。
be of...size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type
The two children are of the same age，but are of different heights.
这两个孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。 【归纳拓展】
(1)“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”；
(2)of great＋抽象名词＝very＋同根形容词；
(3)of＋名词在句中也可作定语或宾补。
As a student，you will find this book of_great_value(very valuable)．
作为一名学生，你会发现这本书很有价值。
Sports games can be of great help(very helpful)to one's health.
体育运动对人的健康很有益处。I know Australia and New Zealand，but I didn't know they are of the same continent.
我知道澳大利亚和新西兰，但我以前不知道它们属于一个洲。
??多维训练
(1)一句多译
①这两个男孩年龄相同。
a．_______________________________________________________(be of the＋n.)
b．_______________________________________________________(be of ＋n.)②这本词典对英语学习者没有用。
a．___________________________________________(be of＋n.)
b．___________________________________________(be＋adj.)
(2)单句改错
A good breakfast is of important to your health.
________
【答案】 ①a.The two boys are of the same age. b．The two boys are of an age. ②a.The dictionary is of no use to learners of English. b．The dictionary is useless to learners of English. (2)important→importance或去掉of3．Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则名列第七。
本句是一个并列句，while是并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后两种情况的对比。while还有以下用法：
【归纳拓展】
(1)while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。
(2)while“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词用延续性动词或表示状态的词，主从句的动作同时发生。
(3)while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，从句常位于主句之前。
(4)while“只要”，引导条件状语从句。?写出下列句中while的含义
①Tom is good at science, while his brother is hopeless.________
②While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.________
③While the discussion was still going on, George came in.________
④You don't have to worry while we are here.________
【答案】 ①然而 ②尽管 ③当……的时候 ④只要
?高考链接
(2016·浙江卷，5)________online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
【答案】 While/Although/Though
“课下练习”见“课时作业”
课件62张PPT。高考写作24个话题——人际关系
【话题词汇】
1．stress v． 强调
2．considerate adj. 体贴的
3．depressed adj. 失望的，沮丧的
4．actually adv． 实际上
5．shortcoming n． 缺点
6．consequently adv． 所以；结果
7．benefit n．&v． 益处
8．familiar adj. 熟悉的
9．be crazy about 对……狂热
10．take...seriously 认真对待……
11．be concerned about 关心，挂念
12．cooperate with... 与……合作
13．think highly/much of 对……评价很高
14．make a difference 有意义，不同【美文佳作】
(2017·潍坊市高三英语试题)假定你是李华，暑假你参加了英国游学活动，住在房东Mary家中，回国后给房东写一封信表示感谢，要点如下：
1．安全抵家；
2．回顾英国游学体会；
3．感谢房东的帮助；
4．附寄两张合影；
5．表达愿望。注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好。
Dear Mary，
_______________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Mary，
I've come back home safely.Looking_back_to_my_stay_ in_Britain，I_felt_so_happy_and_satisfied.① The beautiful scenery and friendly people impressed me a lot.I also benefited a lot from learning together with local students.More importantly，your help and kindness made it easier for me to have a better understanding of British culture and adapt to the life there.So I'm so grateful to you.By_the_way，attached_to_the_letter_are_two_photos_taken_with_ you，which_I_believe_will_remind_you_of_the_happy_time_we_ spent_together.②
You are expected to come to China soon.
Looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua
【佳句仿写】
1．当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。
______，I saw a friend of mine.
2．接着我向家人说再见的时刻到了。
______when I had to say goodbye to my family.
【答案】 1.Walking in the street
2．Then came the time[词汇突破]
1．experience vt.经历；体验n.[C]经历；[U]经验
Do you know anyone who has experienced one of the events?
你认识曾经经历过这种事件的人吗？
Our country has experienced great changes in the past 30 years.
我国在过去30年经历了巨大变化。 【归纳拓展】
He has much experience in teaching.
＝He has much teaching experience.
他有丰富的教学经验。
He's very experienced in looking after animals.
他养动物很有经验。 ?用experience的适当形式填空
①Living in Africa was very different from home and quite an unforgettable ________.
②He is a teacher with a lot of ________.
③He is now ________ in dealing with problem students.
④This is the most wonderful feeling I have ever ________.
【答案】 ①experience ②experience ③experienced ④experienced
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷)New ________(experience) often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
【答案】 experiences2．cause vt.引起；导致n.原因，起因；理由；事业；目标
There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more，which cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods.
烈风风速达每小时120千米或更多，这引起巨大的海浪、暴雨和洪水。
【归纳拓展】
cause sb.to do sth.引起某人做某事
cause sb.sth.给某人引来某事
cause sth./an accident/trouble，etc引起某事/事故/麻烦等
cause and effect因果
the cause of ……的原因；……的事业 I don't know the cause and effect about it.
我不知道此事的前因后果。
Jimmy's behaviour is causing me a lot of problems.
吉米的所作所为给我带来许多麻烦。
What was the cause of the accident?
那场事故的起因是什么？?巧辨异同?
cause，reason，excuse
(1)cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事有因果关系，后接介词短语of sth.。
(2)reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不直接说明起因，后接介词短语for sth.。
(3)excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由，后接介词短语for sth.。
?多维训练
(1)完成句子
①There's no necessary ______ between income and happiness.收入和幸福之间不存在必然的因果关系。
②What______his mind?
是什么使他改变了主意？(2)用cause或reason填空
①Drinking and driving is one of the most common ________ of traffic accidents.
②I'd like to know the ______ why you're so late.
③The ______ of the fire was carelessness.
【答案】 (1)①cause and effect ②caused him to change
(2)①causes ②reason ③cause
?高考链接
(2016·四川卷，B)Volunteer or，if you can，contribute a little money to a________(cause)．
【答案】 cause3．bury vt.
(1)埋葬
Where is she buried？她被埋在哪里？
(2)掩埋；隐藏
He buried his head in his hands.他两手抱着脑袋。
(3)使沉浸于；使专心于
They buried themselves in their work.他们专心于工作。【归纳拓展】
bury sb./sth.in/at 将……埋葬在……
bury sth.under/beneath 将……埋在……下面
bury one's head/face in hands 用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头干……巧学助记表示“埋头于……，全心致力于……”的短语还有：
be absorbed in全神贯注于/concentrate on全神贯注于/concern oneself with/in忙于某事
fix one's attention on全神贯注于/be occupied with忙于……
?多维训练
(1)用bury的正确形式填空
①He walked slowly，his hand ______ in his pocket.
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，______ her head in the book in her hands.
③They think she ______ in the desert，along with a few others.(2)同义句改写
Because she buried herself in the film，she didn't know it was snowing outside.
①____________________________________________(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②_______________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
【答案】 (1)①buried ②burying ③was buried
(2)①Burying herself in the film，she didn't know it was snowing outside. ②Buried in the film，she didn't know it was snowing outside.4．occur vi.发生；出现；想起
The court will decide what really occurred.
法庭会判定到底发生了什么事。
A good idea occurred to me.
我突然想起了一个好主意。
Did it occur to you that your husband might be late?
你当时想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？
The event which occurred yesterday affected the hospital greatly.昨天发生的事对医院影响很大。 【归纳拓展】
sth.occurs to sb.某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It occurs to sb.that.../to do……的念头浮现于(某人)脑海
occurrence发生，出现；事情，事件
?巧辨异同?
occur，happen，take place，break out
(1)occur属正式用语，它可以指偶然地“发生”，也可以指在指定的时间“发生，出现”，还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”。在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与happen互换。(2)happen常用词语，指“事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生”；其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中，意为“恰好，碰巧，偶然”。
That accident happened yesterday.事故发生在昨天。
(3)take place指“发生了事先计划或预想到的事情”。
The meeting took place at 8：00 as planned.
按计划会议在8点举行了。
(4)break out指(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生。
A fire broke out during the night.夜里失火了。?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①An idea occurred ________ me.
②An idea came ________ my mind.
③I hit/struck ________ an idea.
④_______ suddenly occurred to me that I hadn't locked my door.
(2)单句改错
①A brilliant idea was occurred to me.________
②When did the accident occur to？________
【答案】 (1)①to ②into ③on ④It (2)①去掉was
②去掉to5．strike vt.
(1)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；(疾病的)侵袭；打击；撞击
Everything seemed to be going fine when suddenly disaster struck.
一切似乎都进展顺利，这时，突然间灾难降临了。
I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches.
我真想把花生酱和三明治全打在他的脸上。
When it seemed to him that it must be nearly daylight，he heard the clock strike ten.当他觉得一定快天明了的时候，钟声敲响了10点钟。(选自《汤姆索娅历险记》)
(2)使突然想起
It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.
我突然想到一个办法可以让我们改进这种局面。
(3)打动；给……以印象
I was immediately struck by the similarities between the two murders.
我立刻觉得这两起谋杀案件有相似之处。【归纳拓展】
sb.strikes on sth.某人想出……
it strikes sb.that... /it strikes sb.to do...某人想到……
be struck by/on/with...被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb.in /on ＋身体部位 打某人某部位
be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工?巧辨异同?
strike，beat，hit
(1)strike指用力地“击打”；表示短暂的动作，含有急速或突然的一次性殴打、打击或敲击，有时与hit通用，可用于比喻意义。
(2)beat表示有目的地在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打也可以是重打；在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。也可表示“雨点击打在……上”。
(3)hit着重指打中或击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。
?多维训练
(1)完成句子
①______ how we could do it better.
我一下子明白了我们如何可以做得更好。
②The visitors ______ the beauty of the country.
游客们被乡村美景打动了。(2)用hit, beat, strike, knock 的适当形式填空
①Waves ______ the shore.
②Someone is ______ at the door.
③A good idea suddenly ______ him.
④A stone ______ him on the head.
【答案】 (1) ①It struck me ②were struck by
(2)①beat ②knocking ③struck ④hit
?高考链接
(2015·北京卷)Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might________(strike) while your mind has moved slowly away.
【答案】 strike6．ruin
(1)vt.& vi.毁坏；毁灭
The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
(2)n.废墟；毁灭
It was reported that the whole hotel was in ruins after the big fire.据报道，大火后整个旅馆已成为废墟。
【归纳拓展】
be the ruin of成为……毁灭的原因
come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；崩溃
in ruins成为废墟
ruin oneself毁掉自己?巧辨异同?
damage，destroy，ruin
(1)damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something连用。
(2)destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以至于不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等被打破。
(3)ruin则表示破坏严重，以至于不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了变化。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。 ?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Years of fighting has left Iraq ________(ruin)．
②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ________(ruin) our holiday.
③This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be ________ ruins.
④Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ________(ruin)，the city took on a new look.(2)单句改错
①The castle has fallen into ruins.________
②After he was dead，his body would ruin it in twelve months.________
【答案】 (1)①ruined ②ruining ③in ④ruins
(2)①ruins→ruin ②it→itself
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷，B)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ________(ruin)．
【答案】 ruins
7．possibility n．可能性
So there was always the possibility that the next time you fell he would let you go.很可能下一次你再往下坠时，他就由你去了。(选自《彼得·潘》)
There is no possibility of his coming.他不可能来。 【归纳拓展】
possible adj.可能的
possibly adv.可能地
possibility后面常接that引导同位语从句，表示possibility的内容。
There is/It is a possibility that...有……的可能性
There is no possibility that.../of...没有……的可能性?句型转换
Is there the possibility of our injury when we climb the mountain?
＝ Is there ________ we'll get injured when we climb the mountain?
＝ ________ we will get injured when we climb the mountain?
我们爬山有受伤的可能吗？
【答案】 the possibility that; Is it possible that
?高考链接
(2016·新课标卷Ⅲ，D)To test for that ________(possibility)，Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.
【答案】 possibility[短语聚焦]
1．pick up
(1)拾起；拿起
Then with a huge effort，she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.之后，她(大象)艰难地用鼻子托住它，直到把它放在一块岩石狭窄的边缘上。
(2)偶然得到(或学到、找到)；收听到
I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.
去年我在希腊时学会了几句希腊语。The sensors pick up faint vibrations in the Earth.
这种传感器能接收到地球微弱的振动。
(3)搭载
We picked up two more English merchants also，and two young Portuguese gentlemen.我们又让另外两位英国商人，和两位葡萄牙绅士上了船。(选自《鲁宾逊漂流记》)
(4)恢复(健康)；好转
Under good treatment，Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover.
在精心治疗下，琳达逐渐恢复并且很快就会康复。【归纳拓展】
pick at 少量(或挑精拣肥)地吃；挑剔
pick on 选择；针对；挑中(某人)(作挨骂或受罚对象)
pick out 选出；认出
pick one‘s teeth 剔牙
【温馨提示】 当代词作pick up的宾语时，须把代词置于动词与副词之间。?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思
①Ridley picked up a pencil and fiddled(不停摆弄) with it.________
②His old father is beginning to pick up now.________
③Where did you pick up your English？________
④They've picked up a really severe infection from something they've eaten.________
⑤We can pick up Italian television.________
⑥Chinese officials hope that trade will pick up when the two countries switch to hard currency.________(2)短语填空
pick up，pick out，pick off
①________ all the dead leaves.
②Her British accent ________ on her visit to London.
③Although he had not seen his sister for twenty years，he ________ her ________ as soon as she got off the plane.
【答案】 (1)①拿起 ②恢复精神/健康 ③学会 ④染上 ⑤收看到 ⑥好转 (2)①Pick off ②was picked up
③picked；out2．end up 结果为……；以……结束
【教材原句】 The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的灵柩最后被卷入了大海。
【归纳拓展】
end up with/in... 以……结束/告终
end up as 最后当了……
end up doing sth. 最终(却)做了某事 ?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①The party ended up ________ a beautiful song.
②Our game always ends up ________ a quarrel.
③After several years of hard work，she ended up ________ a successful writer.(2)完成句子
①You'll ____________ if you don't follow my advice.
如果你不听我的建议，你最终会失败的。
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ________.
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。
【答案】 (1)①with ②in ③as (2)①end up in failure
②ended up apologizing[句型精析]
1．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
该句式意为“使保留，让/使某人(某物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。该句式中leave为及物动词，意思是“使处于……；听任……”，宾语后接形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子等作补足语。其常见结构归纳如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋形容词/副词。如：
I wish you'd stop leaving the door open.
我希望你不要再让门开着。(2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
别让她在外边雨里等着。
(3)leave＋宾语＋过去分词，其中宾语与宾补之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。如：
The bad weather left the project half finished.
坏天气使工程只完成了一半。
(4)leave＋宾语＋介词短语/名词。如：
His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.
他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。【归纳拓展】
leave用作使役动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”
leave sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事
leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/过去分词/现在分词/where-clause 使……处于某种状态
leave sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事
leave sth.to be done留下某事待做
【温馨提示】 leave＋宾语＋with/to sb.表示“把……留给/交给某人”，一般与介词with或to搭配。
Leave it with /to me and I'll see what I can do.
把它交给我，我看看能做什么。 (5)leave＋宾语＋动词不定式。如：
They killed the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot.他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体任其腐烂。
(6)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句。如：
Leave the medicine where the children can't reach it.
把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。 ?完成句子
①Leave your kids ________ and they will grow in a healthy way.
离开你的孩子，他们会以一种健康的方式成长。
②Jack's humour in his speech left the audience ________all the time.
杰克在演说中的风趣幽默让底下的听众一直大笑不止。
③The bus suddenly stopped while running fast, which left some of the passengers________.
在飞速行驶中那辆公交车突然停下，这使得几位乘客从座位上摔了下来。
【答案】 ①as they are ②laughing ③falling off their seats2．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injures.为现在分词作结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语时，放在句末，用逗号分开，与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示必然产生的结果。有时前面也可加副词thus。
The bus rolled in a valley，causing ten deaths and more.
公共汽车翻到山谷中，导致十个以上的人死亡。
Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。动词不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎预料的结果。
I went to see him，only to find him out.
我去看他，结果他不在家。
?用所给动词的适当形式填空
①________ (hear) the news, the boy got very excited.
②It rained heavily，________ (cause) severe flooding in that country.
③________ (travel) to many places, he knows a lot.
④________ (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake.
【答案】 ①Hearing ②causing ③Having travelled
④Having been told
“课下练习”见“课时作业”
课件53张PPT。高考写作24个话题——社会
【话题词汇】
1．peace n． 和平
2．social adj. 社会的
3．traditional adj. 传统的
4．community n． 社区
5．belief n． 信念6．ancient adj. 古老的
7．organization n． 组织
8．from one generation to another 一代接一代
9．old traditions 古老的传统
10．local custom 当地的风俗
11．put...into practice 当……付诸实施
12．vote for 投票赞成【美文佳作】
(2017·郑州高三一模)假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Andrew不久前去美国留学，他给你写信说很不适应那里的生活。请你根据以下提示用英语给他写一封回信，鼓励他勇敢面对。
1.尊重当地的风俗习惯；
2.与美国学生多交流；
3.积极参加户外活动；
4.注意与人交往时的礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Andrew，
How nice to hear from you again！___________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Andrew，
How_nice_to_hear_from_you_again！I think it is natural for you not to get used to the life there.①Here I have some suggestions for you.First of all，you should respect the local customs there and try to involve yourself in the natives'lives.Just as the saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”Secondly，don't be afraid to communicate with American students and make friends with them.Friendship will bring you happiness.What's more，it is better for you to join in more outdoor activities with your friends，which may help you relax and have fun.②Finally，mind your own manners and remain modest and honest when getting along with your friends.
I do hope my suggestions will help.May you adapt to your new life and enjoy your stay there.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua【佳句仿写】
1．用倒装句改写句①
________________________________________________for you.
2．用时间状语从句改写句②
Finally，mind your own manners and remain modest and honest_______________________.
【答案】 1.Here are some suggestions
2．when you are getting along with your friends[词汇突破]
1．strength n．力量；力气；长处
He had been active and healthy，yet his strength left him suddenly.他一直健康活泼，然而他突然间没有力量了。(选自《呼啸山庄》)
His strength as a news-reader lies in his training as a journalist.
他胜任新闻广播员的工作，在于他有当过记者的锻炼。 【归纳拓展】 ?巧辨异同?
strength，force，energy，power
(1)strength常指固有的潜在力量。着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度、潜力等。
(2)force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道德或情感的力量、军事的力量等。总之，它是活动过程中的力量。
(3)energy主要指“人的精力”“自然界的能量”。
(4)power主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能、人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权、权力或力量。?多维训练
(1)选词填空
strength，force，power，energy
①The solar cell can turn the ________ of sunlight into electric energy.
②If you drop something，the ________ of gravity will pull it to the floor.
③He lifted the stone with all his ________.
④The party came to ________ at the last election.(2)单句语法填空
①I had hardly enough strength ________(move) my feet.
②He has a ________(strength) political background.
【答案】 (1)①energy ②force ③strength ④power (2)①to move ②strong
?高考链接
(2016·四川卷，B)Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds，see through walls，or have superhuman ________(strength) may sound silly，but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.
【答案】 strength2．concerned adj.关心的；担心的；有关的；参与的
I'm concerned that they may have got lost.
我担心他们可能迷路了。
She is concerned about your safety.她不放心你的安全。
It would probably，as far as St.John was concerned，be a parting for years：it might be a parting for life.就圣约翰来说，这很可能是几年的分别，也有可能是永别。(选自《简·爱》)
He was concerned in the crime.他与那起犯罪案有牵连。 【归纳拓展】
concern vt.涉及，关系到 n．(利害)关系，关心；关心的问题
concerning prep.关于
be concerned about担心；关心
as/so far as...be concerned关于；就……而言
be concerned with牵涉到，与……有关，参与
be concerned in sth.和某事有牵连?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①________ the toll?free policy on the express way，what ________ us most is the traffic jams while some are ________ about the safety.(concern)
②The theory of relativity is concerned ________ two seemingly opposite ideas.
(2)一句多译
就我个人来说，第二课堂让我改变了许多。
①_________________________________________(concerned)
②________________________________________(as to)
③_____________________________________(regard)【答案】 (1)①Concerning；concerns；concerned
②with (2)①As far as I am concerned，I have changed a lot because of the second class. ②As to me，I have changed a lot because of the second class. ③With/In regard to me，I have changed a lot because of the second class.
?高考链接
(2016·新课标卷Ⅱ)Others are______(concern) about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．
【答案】 concerned3．urgent adj.紧急的
The law is in urgent need of reform.
这项法律亟待修订。
I detected a note urgency in her voice.
我从她的声音中察觉到情况紧急。
They are in urgent need of medical attention.
他们急需医疗。
Brown urged her to reconsider her decision.
布朗极力劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。
Urged on by his colleagues，he stood for collection.
他受到同事的鼓励而参加竞选。
Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved.调查人员主张应当改善工地的安全措施。 【归纳拓展】
(1)in urgent need of 急需
an urgent look 急切的神情
(2)urgency n. 紧急；迫切
(3)urge vt. 推进；极力主张；催促；激励
urge sb.to do... 敦促某人做……
urge sb.into doing... 敦促某人做……
urge sb.against 强烈反对
urge sb.on 鼓励，激励，为……加油
urge＋that从句 强烈要求，极力主张
……(从句用虚拟语气)?完成句子
①地震灾民迫切需要医疗用品。
The earthquake victims are ________ medical supplies.
②老师向他的学生强调努力学习的重要性。
The teacher ________ his students the importance of studying hard.
【答案】 ①in urgent need of ②urged on
4．complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚
It is not a pleasant noise in itself，and I have often complained of it at other times.那本身不是一个好听的声音，而我也经常在其他场合抱怨此事。(选自《金银岛》)【归纳拓展】She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.
她因为感到自己在工作上不受赏识而常发牢骚。
People complain that they don't get enough information.
人们抱怨得不到足够的信息。
Many customers made complaints about the bad service the hotel offered.
许多顾客抱怨旅店提供的服务太差。
??多维训练
(1)用complain的适当形式填空
①I am writing to make a ______ about the mobile phone which I bought from your company.
②They never ______ about working overtime.(2)句型转换
They complained that the wages were too low.
→They ______ the low wages.
→They ______ about the low wages.
【答案】 (1)①complaint ②complained
(2)complained about；made a complaint[短语聚焦]
1．cut down砍倒；降低；削减
Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two.首先，人们把树砍倒之后，一般来说，他们使用土地仅仅一两年就不用了。
I've always smoked，but I'm trying to cut down.
我一直吸烟，但我正在减量。【归纳拓展】
cut in 插嘴，打断
cut off 切断；中断；隔绝
cut out 删掉；戒掉
cut short 中断；打断；缩短
cut across 走捷径；抄近路穿过
cut through 刺穿?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中cut down的汉语意思
①He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.______
②Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper.______
③He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.______(2)短语填空
cut out，cut up，cut off，cut down
①How can you ________ the risk of cancer?
②He also supplied the north when America ________ energy aid.
③He ________ the meat before his mother came back.
④Billy showed me the article he ________ of the magazine.
【答案】 (1)①削减 ②删节；删减 ③砍倒 (2)①cut down ②cut off ③had cut up ④had cut out2．take in吸收；理解；欺骗；包含
Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.雨林对世界环境有巨大的影响，因为他们可以从阳光中吸收热量，调节气候。
Our hotel is full；we can't take in any more guests.
我们的旅馆已经客满，不能再接待客人了。
This book is so difficult that I can't take in what the author means.这本书很难，我无法理解作者的意思。
Don't be taken in by his charming manner；he's completely ruthless.
不要被他那副讨人喜欢的外表所迷惑，其实他冷酷无情。 【归纳拓展】
take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down 记下来；拆掉
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take on 呈现；雇佣
take over 接收，接管，取代
take to 喜欢；养成……的习惯
take up 占去，占据；开始；从事?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中take in的汉语意思
①He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.________
②Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.________
③He persuaded Joe to take him in.________
④They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.________
⑤I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.________(2)短语填空
take in，take over，take on，take up
①There is a shortage of teachers in Western China，and it will fall on the 80s and 90s generations ________ this responsibility.
②If I had more time，I would ________ golf as a hobby.
③It is reported that a foreign company will ________ the company.
④He didn't _____ what I read because his mind was on something else.
【答案】 (1)①欺骗 ②领会，理解 ③收留 ④吸收 ⑤观看 (2)①to take on ②take up ③take over ④take in
?高考链接
(2016·四川卷，D)The more fat you_______(吸收) before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
【答案】 take in3．give out放出；发出；分发；发表；用完
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
太阳给大地以光和热。
Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.
学生们正在街道上给每个人散发传单。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。 【归纳拓展】
give in 让步；投降；上交
give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
give back 送还；使恢复
give up 投降；放弃；交出，让出
give off 释放出；辐射出；发出 ?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中give out的汉语意思
①The radio is giving out a strange signal.______
②I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.______
③He plans to stay there until his money gives out.______
④He has refused to give out any information on the matter.______
(2)单句改错
Our food supplies have been given out.______
【答案】 (1)①发出 ②分发 ③用完 ④公布 (2)去掉been4．look through浏览，审核，彻底审查
She looked through her notes before the examination.
考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记。
I‘ve looked through all my papers but I still can’t find the contract.我已把所有的文件检查了一遍，但还是没有找到那份合同。
【归纳拓展】
look about 朝四周看
look away 把脸转过去
look back 回头看；回顾
look into 调查；研究look forward to 盼望，期待
look on 旁观；看待
look out 注意，当心，小心，警惕
look out for 当心，提防
look down on/upon 瞧不起
look up 查阅(字典，资料)
look up to 敬仰，尊重
look sb.up and down 仔细打量(某人)；到处寻找
look into sb's eyes 直视某人?短语填空
look through，look down upon，look into，look out
for，look up to，look up
①You're a popular girl，Grace，and a lot of the younger ones ________ you.
②He happened to ______ the medical book Gray's Anatomy at the time.
③________ thieves when you stay there.
④A working party has been set up ________ the problem.
⑤Terry，please ________ from your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
⑥I wasn't successful，so they ________ me.
【答案】 ①look up to ②be looking through ③Look out for ④to look into ⑤look up ⑥looked down upon[句型精析]
1．so...that...如此……以至于……。that引导结果状语从句。
so that也可连在一起使用，引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句，引导目的状语从句时相当于in order that。
He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.
他病得很重，我们只好给他请医生了。
There was so much smoke that they couldn't see across the hallway.烟雾浓浓，他们看不清走廊对面。
We left early so that(in order that)we could catch the first bus.我们很早出发，以便能赶上第一班汽车。 ?巧辨异同?
so...that...，such...that...
so是副词，要放在形容词或副词前面作状语。such是形容词，放在名词前作定语，也可作表语。
(1)so...that...的句型构成是：
so＋adj./adv.＋ that
so＋adj.＋ a(n)＋单数名词＋that...
so＋many (much，few，little) ＋n.＋ that...
(2)such...that...的句型构成是：
such＋ a(n)＋adj.＋n.＋ that；
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that；
such＋adj.＋复数名词＋that。【温馨提示】 so...和such...提到句首时，主句要用倒装。
?完成句子
①It was ______________________ that none of us worked it out.
这个问题很难，我们都没解答出来。
②So loudly ______ that even people in the next room could hear him.
他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里人都听得见。
【答案】 ①so difficult a question/such a difficult question ②did he speak
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷)Conditions were ________(如此差，以致于)it was impossible for him to find the trail again.
【答案】 so bad that2．The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.
然后将垃圾运走；倘若可能的话，予以回收利用。
if possible...如果可能的话
【归纳拓展】
if引导条件状语从句时，省略的情况通常有下列几种：
if any 如果有的话
if necessary 需要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 不这样的话
The little car will change its direction，if(it_is)necessary.
如果需要的话，小车会改变方向。
I don't suppose there will be more than a dozen left，if(there are)any.
我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十二个。?同义句改写(改为省略形式)
①If it is possible，you should try it once more.
_______________________________________________________
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if there are any.
_______________________________________________________
③I'll go if you are going.If you aren't going，I'd rather stay at home.
_______________________________________________________
【答案】 ①If possible，you should try it once more.
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if any.
③I'll go if you are going.If not，I'd rather stay at home.
“课下练习”见“课时作业” 课件47张PPT。高考写作24个话题——文娱与体育
【话题词汇】
1．coach n．教练员
2．athlete n． 运动员
3．spectator n． 观众
4．championship n． 锦标赛
5．judge n． 裁判6．ground/field n． 场地
7．swift adj. 迅速的
8．event n． 事件；大事
9．stadium n． (露天大型)体育场
10．gold medal 金牌
11．improve skills 提升技能
12．run against 和……比赛【美文佳作】
(2017·日照一中高三期中考试)假设你是李华，准备参加学校举办的主题为“健康成长”的英语作文比赛。请按要求写一篇短文，主要内容包括：
1．乐观的人生态度；
2．努力学习；
3．参加体育锻炼。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。We all want to grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________One possible version：
We_all_want_to_grow_up_happily_and_healthily，and_for_this_ goal_we_must_do_several_things.
Firstly，we should develop a good attitude to life.Life_consists _of_not_only_sunshine_but_also_hard_times.① We should be brave in face of difficulties.Secondly，we must study hard because knowledge is power.If we have the power，we can help to build our country and enjoy life better.In_order_to_study_well，we_need_to_do_sports_so _that_we_can_keep_fit.② We can go running，play ball games or simply take a walk after a day's study.If we do those things well，we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.
【佳句仿写】
1．不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
______fond of watching television.
2．为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。
______，we started early.
【答案】 1.Not only I but also Tom and Mary are
2．In order to arrive before dark [词汇突破]
1．equal adj.平等的
(1)adj.平等的；均等的；胜任的。常接介词to/in。
They believe that all work is of equal value.
他们认为所有的工作价值都相同。
He doesn't seem equal to meeting our demands.
他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。(2)n.(地位等)相同的人；相等的事物。
She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。
(3)vt.等于；比得上；敌得过。常接介词in/as。
Prices should become more stable when supply equals demand.当供应与需求相等时，价值应当保持稳定。
巧学助记
(1)equal＋n.(in＋n.)＝be equal to
(在……方面)比得上，与……匹敌；与……相等巧学助记?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①He is equal ______ Tom ______ ability.
②The two countries had a conversation ______ equal terms.
③An ______(equal) important quality is tolerance.
④They live and work together in complete ______(equal) and brotherhood.
(2)As a holiday destination in winter，the Hainan Island ______.
作为冬天度假的目的地，海南岛无疑是最佳选择。
【答案】 (1)①to；in ②on ③equally ④equality (2)has no equal
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷，D)Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.
【答案】 equally
2．order
(1)n.秩序；次序；顺序；有条理
Make a list of what you have to do，and put them in order with the most important at the top.
把你要做的事情列一个清单，把它们按顺序排列，最重要的放在顶端。I couldn't ring because the phone was out of order.
我没法打电话，因为电话机坏了。
(2)n.命令；订单
No parking on this side of the street，by order of the police.
遵照警察的命令，没有一辆汽车停在街的这一侧。
Do you wish to place an order for some tea with me now?
你现在想跟我订购些茶吗？
(3)vt.命令；订购；点菜
The general director of the project ordered that the work (should) be started at once.工程总指挥命令立即开始工作。 They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada.
据说他们从加拿大又订购了许多粮食。
Would you like to order some more vegetables?
你要不要再点些蔬菜？
【温馨提示】 order作动词用时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语要用should＋ do或省略should。作名词用，表示“命令”时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。如：
His order is that we (should) not leave until he returns.
他的命令是他回来我们才能走。 【归纳拓展】?完成句子
①It was time she put her life________.
她到了该好好安排自己生活的时候了。
②The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month.
＝The doctor ordered that________a rest for a month.
医生指示我要休息一个月。
【答案】 ①in order ②I(should)take
?高考链接
(2016·天津卷，D)Applying my own rule，I determined to write them in alphabetical________(order)(按字母顺序)，never letting myself leave out a tough idea.
【答案】 order3．contribution n．贡献
He has made an important contribution to the company's success.他对公司的成功做出了重要的贡献。
That was where the contribution to the hospital came from.
那就是给医院捐献的来源。(选自《乱世佳人》)
巧学助记
(1)make contributions to(doing)sth. 对(做)某事做出贡献 (3)contributor n． 捐款人，投稿者 ??多维训练
(1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors ______________________ his downfall.
(2)完成句子
In a discussion group，it's very important that ______________ (每个人都贡献)whatever is in their minds.
【答案】 (1)resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused/ brought about (2)everyone(should)contribute4．condition n．状况；条件；环境
They left the flat in a terrible condition－ there was mess everywhere.
他们把公寓弄得到处乱七八糟。
One of the conditions of the job is that you should be able to drive.做这项工作的其中一个条件是要会开车。
These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago.
那些动物生活在与几百万年前相似的环境中。 【归纳拓展】
be out of condition健康状况不好，保存得不好
be in good condition完好无误
be in no condition to(身体状况)不适
on condition that条件是
on no condition绝不要
?巧辨异同?
state，condition，situation
(1)state指状况，状态。常常与不定冠词构成in a．..state或in a state of...搭配。
She is in a worried state of mind.她心情很焦急。
(2)condition用作单数形式时，表示“情况；状态”。
The car is in very good condition.这辆汽车情况良好。
conditions表示“环境，条件”。
Conditions were favorable for business then.
当时的形势有利于经商。
(3)situation形势；状况；事态。
The situation is very difficult.处境很困难。?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①The nearest hotel is ______ good condition.
②You must ______ no condition tell them the secret.
③She made it a condition ______ he(should) go with her.
④Can you imagine such conditions ______ you have nothing to live on for a week?
(2)同义句改写
_______________________ (把上题句②改为倒装句)
【答案】 (1)①in ②on ③that ④where (2)On no condition must you tell them the secret.
?高考链接
(2016·上海卷，C)The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report，released last week，has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and________(condition)．
【答案】 conditions[短语聚焦]
1．be at war(with...)(与……)交战
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
在古代中国，各个诸侯国之间战争不断。
The two sisters are constantly at war with each other.
这两姐妹经常发生争执。
In 1920 Poland and Russia were still at war.
1920年，波兰和俄国仍在交战。【归纳拓展】 Countries should never go to war with each other to solve disagreement.
国家之间绝不应该为解决分歧而开战。
To declare war on a small island state looks like the action of a cowardly nation.
向一个小岛国宣战，看起来像是一个怯懦国家的行为。
Germany has been at peace with France for many years.
德国与法国已和平相处了许多年。?完成句子
①We have no choice but to ________ whoever is involved in corruption.
我们别无选择，只能向腐败分子宣战。
②All the countries should solve their disputes in a peaceful way instead of ________ against each other.
所有国家都应该以和平的方式来解决争端而不是相互开战。
【答案】 ①declare war on ②going to war2．bring up
(1)养育；抚养
I was brought up by my aunt.
我是我姑姑抚养成人的。
(2)提出
Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting.
你的建议将在下次会议上提出来讨论。
(3)呕吐
Martin has been bringing up all he ate.
马丁把他所吃的东西都吐了出来。 【归纳拓展】
bring about 引起
bring along 随身携带
bring back 归还
bring down 使倒下；弄倒；降低
bring in 吸引；引进；赚得
bring on 使前进；使发展
bring out 使罢工；使显现；阐明；出版?多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思
①Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.________
②Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？________
③Joe brought up what he had eaten.________(2)短语填空
bring out，bring about，bring down，bring in
①The prices ____________ so far.
②The economic reform ____________ great changes in the lives of the common people.
③The discussion came alive when an interesting topic ____________.
④Immediately after the book ____________，it became a best?seller.
【答案】 (1)①养育；抚养 ②提出 ③呕吐 (2)①have been brought down ②brought about ③was brought in
④was brought out [句型精析]
1．Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from animals is_that man is good.
孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。
believe后是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用the reason why...is that...句式，其中why引导的是定语从句；is后的that引导的是表语从句。
The reason why he was absent is that he was ill.
他缺席的原因是他病了。【归纳拓展】
reason常用句式：
the reason后是用why还是用that或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或that。
The_reason_that he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆班车。
Can you explain to me the reason why you didn't come?
你能给我解释你没来的原因吗？
??单句语法填空
①The only reason ______ I came was ______ I wanted to meet your friends.
②The reason for the party is ______ it's Sue's birthday.
③Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
【答案】 ①why that ②that ③that/which
?高考链接
(2016·北京卷)The reason ________ any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.
【答案】 why2．Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no_faster_than a horse.
人们最早使用汽车是在19世纪末，而且当时的汽车跑得并不比马快。
no＋比较级＋than表示“并不比……”(两者都不……)。
This novel is no more interesting than that one.
＝Neither this novel nor that one is interesting.
这本小说并不比那本有趣多少。
【归纳拓展】
(1)no more than 仅仅；只不过
more...than... 与其说……倒不如说……not more than 不超过
not more...than... 没有……那样……
more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出
(2)the more...the more...……越……
?完成句子
①He was so poor that he had________ten dollars left.
他穷得只剩下10美元了。
②The boy was ________ frightened ________ hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
【答案】 ②no more than ③more；than
“课下练习”见“课时作业” 课件39张PPT。高考写作24个话题——音乐与舞蹈
【话题词汇】
1．program n． 节目
2．entertainment n． 娱乐
3．enjoyment n． 享乐；欢乐；乐趣
4．amusement n． 消遣；娱乐活动
5．attraction n． 有吸引力的事物；吸引6．audience n． 听众；观众
7．fun n． 乐趣
8．fan n． 迷；狂热爱好者
9．conductor n． (乐队等的)指挥
10．compose vt.& vi. 作(曲)
11．conduct vt. 指导；指挥
12．live adj. 实况转播的【美文佳作】
(2017·泉州高三模拟)假如你是李华，一直梦想和朋友们组建一支乐队，但是由于从来没有在乐队工作过，你向Freddy就下面问题征求建议。大部分队员喜欢摇滚音乐，刘梅喜欢表演说唱音乐(rap)，你喜欢流行音乐，你们乐队是这几种类型的音乐都要涉及，还是仅仅表演其中的一种？
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________One possible version：
Dear Freddy，
My name is Li Hua.I'm_dreaming_of_forming_a_band_with_my_ friends.① However，we have never been in a band before.Can you please give us some advice on how to form a band?
I_like_pop_music_while_most_of_my_friends_like_rock_n__roll.②In addition，Liu Mei likes rap.How are we to decide what to play? Do_you_suggest_we_play_all_of_these_types_of_music？③ Or should we only play one kind of music?
We hope you can give us some advice.
Yours hopefully，
Li Hua
【佳句仿写】
Ⅰ.句型转移
1．把句①改成动词dream＋宾语从句的形式。
_______________________________________________________.
2．把句③改成suggest＋动名词的形式。
_______________________________________________________?
Ⅱ.句式仿写
我喜欢踢足球，然而我的同学大部分喜欢打篮球。(根据句②仿写)
I like playing football______________________________.
【答案】 Ⅰ.1.I'm dreaming that I can form a band with my friends
2．Do you suggest us playing all of these types of music
Ⅱ.while most of my classmates like playing basketball[词汇突破]
1．date v．始于(某历史时期)；属于(某时期)；加日期于
n．年代；时代；约会
Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.
大部分的长城是明朝建造的。
Tom never dates his letters.汤姆从不在信上注明日期。【归纳拓展】
(1)date from/back to 属于(某一历史时期)；
始于……；追溯到……The castle dates from/back to the ancient Roman days.
这座城堡建于古罗马时代。
They have set the date for the wedding.
他们已经确定了婚礼的日期。 【温馨提示】 date from和date back to常指以“现在为起点”向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。该短语没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。date back后常接时间段。
??多维训练
(1)用date短语的正确形式填空
①The old custom ______ the Han Dynasty.
②The old teaching methods are ______ and should be changed.
③The list is ______ now；we've added the new members' names.(2)单句改错
This is a vase dated from Han Dynasty.______
【答案】 (1)①dates back to/dates from ②out of date ③up to date (2)dated→dating
?高考链接
(2016·天津卷，2)The dictionary is out of ________(date)：many words have been added to the language since it was published.
【答案】 date2．accommodate vt.容纳(乘客)；能提供……膳宿
The island was used to accommodate child refugees.
这座岛被用来容纳儿童难民。
We can accommodate him for the night.
我们能供他住一夜。
【归纳拓展】
accommodate sb.with sth. 提供某人某物
accommodate sth.to sth. 适应，迁就，迎合
accommodate oneself to new conditions 适应新的情况
accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于accommodative adj. 乐于助人的，随和的，善于适应新环境的
accommodation n． 住处，膳宿；(车、船、飞机等的)预定铺位；和解
?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①We can accommodate him ______ the night.
②He will accommodate me ______ the use of his house while he is abroad.
③I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week's ______(accommodate)．
(2)完成句子
Wherever he goes，he can ______ new circumstances.
无论走到哪里他都能适应新环境。
【答案】 (1)①for ②with ③accommodation (2)accommodate himself to3．remove vt.& vi.除去，迁移，开除
Remove the old wallpaper and fill any holes in the walls.
把旧墙纸取掉，填好墙上的所有的洞。
He was removed from his position as chairman.
他被撤去主席的职务。
?巧辨异同?
remove，move
(1)remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off。remove 还有“开除、除去”的含义。(2)move 强调位置和姿态的改变。表示“迁居”时，两者均可用。??单句语法填空
(1)We are removing ______ London ______ the country.
(2)Three children were removed ______ school.
(3)Students removed several desks ______ another classroom.
【答案】 (1)from；to (2)from (3)to
?高考链接
(2016·新课标卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，using twigs(树枝) to ________(remove) it.
【答案】 remove4．freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的；冻结的；冷淡的
n．冰点
It is freezing cold here when it snows.
每当这儿下雪，天气就十分寒冷。【归纳拓展】 The temperature has dropped to the freezing point.
气温已降到了冰点。
Standing outside in the cold all night，he was frozen.
整晚站在寒风中，他冻坏了。
?单句语法填空
①______(freeze) food does harm ________ your health.
②Alcohol has a lower ______(freeze) point than water.
③Two men ______(freeze) to death on the mountain.
④She stared at him，frozen ______ shock.
【答案】 ①Frozen；to ②freezing ③froze/were frozen
④with/in
?高考链接
(2016·新课标卷Ⅱ，D)Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under________ (freeze) water，in the damaged wooden ship.
【答案】 freezing[短语聚焦]
1．hold back阻止；控制；隐瞒；扣留
Do you think that mixed-ability teaching holds the brighter children back?
你认为混合能力组教学会阻碍聪明儿童的进步吗？
Jim held back his anger and avoided a fight.
吉姆忍住了怒气，避免了一场斗殴。
I think he's holding something back；he knows more than he admits.我认为他有所隐瞒，他知道的比他承认的要多。
He held the money back from his client.
他把钱扣下不给当事人。【归纳拓展】
hold down保住(一份工作)；压抑；压低；控制
hold off保持距离；不接近；拖延；延期 (＝ put off)
hold on(打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂上；坚持
hold out给予；提供；支持；继续；坚持；忍耐 (＝ hang on，hold on)；伸出
hold out for坚持要求
hold to坚持；遵循
hold up使停滞；拦路抢劫；举起展示；提出(作榜样)；举起来?短语填空
hold on to，hold back，hold up，hold out
①Emily Galvin，his lawyer，______ tears as Mr. South embraced his sons，aged 19 and 12.
②We ________ by a traffic jam.
③She ________ her gloved hand to shake mine.
④From the moment babies are born，parents are helping them to be released into the world，not to ________ them or to control their lives for the rest of their lives.
【答案】 ①held back ②were held up ③held out
④hold on to
2．make sense有意义；有道理
It makes sense to save money while you can.
当你有能力的时候攒钱是有意义的。
It makes sense to take care of your health.
关心健康是有意义的。【归纳拓展】
sense构成的句式：
(1)make sense of理解；明白
Can you make sense of what this author says?
你懂得这位作家所讲的话吗？
(2)in a/some sense从某种意义上来说
You are right in a sense.就某种意义来说你是对的。
(3)in no sense决不是，决非
The conclusion is in no sense scientific.
这个结论决不是科学的。(4)lose one's sense昏过去；发疯；失去理性
(5)there is no/some/sense in doing...做……是没有(有一些)道理(意义)
There is no sense in arguing with her.与她争吵没有意义。
(6)have no sense of shame无羞耻心，毫不知耻
(7)have a sense of...有……意识；有……感
Your brother has a good sense of humor.
你兄弟很有幽默感。?多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①In ______ sense，I can't agree with what you said.
②________ is no sense in waiting for him.
③_______ makes good sense to save some money for a rainy day.
④I can't make sense ________ the poem.
(2)同义句改写
That statement is in no sense correct.(改为倒装句)
_______________________________________________________
【答案】 (1)①a ②There ③It ④of (2)In no sense is that statement correct.[句型精析]
1．It_took_six_years_to_build and cost US $ 20 billion.
香港国际机场花费了6年的时间才建成，耗资200亿美元。
It takes sb.some time to do sth.，意为“某人花费时间做某事”，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。
【归纳拓展】
(1)sb.spend some time/money(in)doing/on sth.
某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
(2)(doing)sth.cost(sb.)some time/money
(做)某事花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(3)sb.pay some money for sth.
某人花费多少金钱为某事①She spends two-thirds of her wages(in)buying fashionable clothes.
她把三分之二的工资都用来买时髦的服装。
②Making this plane model cost_me_much_time.
做这个飞机模型花了我很多时间。
??选词填空
take，spend，cost，pay，buy
①I ______ $120 on the books.
②It ______ the boy most of his free time to learn drawing.
③She ______ ￡200 a week for this apartment.
④Good words ______ nothing，but are worth much.
⑤He ______ the bag for ten dollars.
【答案】 ①spent ②takes ③pays ④cost ⑤bought2．It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.某人有可能做某事
其中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是(for sb.)to do sth.，也可以是that引导的主语从句。
Is it possible to get tickets for the game?
有可能弄到比赛的票吗？
I think it possible that he will accept our invitation.
我认为他有可能接受我们的邀请。
【归纳拓展】
表示“可能”的三个常用形容词 likely，possible 和 probable 分别用于下列几种不同的句型：
It is likely/possible/probable＋that-clause
It's likely/possible＋to do/be…
Sb./Sth.is likely＋to do/be…?巧辨异同?
probably，possibly
probably 和 possibly 分别是 probable 和 possible 的副词形式，二者的区别是：
(1)probably 表示可能性很大，而possibly 表示可能性很小。
(2)从结构上讲，possibly 经常与情态动词 can/could，may/might 等连用，而probably 则不能。
如：—I met Mr .John last night.
昨天晚上我遇到了约翰先生。
—It can't possibly have been him，as he is on a trip in Thailand these days.
不可能是他。因为这几天他正在泰国旅行。?完成句子
①____________ for one to always do right.
一个人做事不可能总是对的。
②____________ he attends every day.
他每天都要出席，这很重要。
【答案】 ①It is impossible ②It's important that
“课下练习”见“课时作业”
