课件18张PPT。Module 3Section ⅠStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 51．Do you know what gives away most about yourself?
2．Do you know how one simple movement can let slip
(无意 中说出) the secrets of the mind? Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, just be careful about what your body is saying.
Arm How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy! Head When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.
Legs Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture (姿势) A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.
Mouth When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back angry words you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.Introduction Do you know the meanings of the body languages in the following pictures? Please match the given words with the pictures.point， wave， thumbs up， shake， clap， a high five， smile答案：1.clap 2.shake 3.thumbs up 4.point 5.smile
6．a high five 7.waveⅠ.Read the passage fast and match each part with their general idea.答案：Part 1：B Part 2：C Part 3：A
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．Body Language varies from culture to culture. ( )
2．Europeans shake hands with their right hand when
greeting. ( )
3．In Asian countries greeting involves touching each
other. ( )
4．Muslims greet by joining their hands and bowing their
heads. ( )
5．People can give away more by gestures than by words.( )TFTFTChoose the best answer according to the passage.
1．How should we understand the word “communication”？
A．It only refers to words and sentences.
B．It refers to spoken and written words.
C．It refers to not only spoken and written words but
also body language.
D．None of the above.2．Which of the following gestures shows that one trusts others?
A．Being on guard all the time.
B．Shaking hands with the left hand.
C．Shaking hands with the stronger hand.
D．Shaking hands with a weapon.
3．Why do Europeans and Americans shake hands with their
right hands?
A．They have been used to it.
B．The right hands are the weakest ones.
C．They think it is formal.
D．They want to express they trust each other.4．“Give me five！”________．
A．is only used by the American youths
B．is a gesture of formal greeting
C．is now very popular both in America and in other places
D．can happen when people hold something in their hands
5．Body language is fascinating because ________.
A．everyone is supposed to study it
B．you can become a mind reader
C．one can understand others better by their body language
D．one can imitate others
答案：1～5 CCDCCFill in the blanks according to the passage.
We communicate with 1. just spoken and written words. We also need to learn body language, which 2. from culture to culture. Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands with their right hand. It means “I trust you. Look, I am not carrying a 3. weapon.” They also shake hands when they make a 4. . In China, we put the right hand over the left and bow 5. when we greet someone while Muslims give a “salaam”. Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect. The expression “Give me five！” is also a gesture for American youths to greet one another. Body language is 6. for anyone to study. You can give 7. much more by gestures than by words. So look at your friends and family to see if you are a 8. .variesmore thanthreateningdealfascinatingslightlyawaymind readerCan you guess what someone is thinking or feeling by looking at his or her body language?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________参考答案：①Yes, I can. A person's body language can tell us what he or she is feeling. For example, if someone is nervous, his or her hands may shake. If a person smiles but his or her eyes don't look happy, we can guess that there is something wrong.
②No, I can't. It is difficult to tell what a person is thinking by looking at his or her body language. People use body language in different ways and gestures may have different meanings in different areas. People don't always think about their body language, so we may misunderstand them if we try to guess what they are thinking or feeling. It is also possible for people to learn to use their body language to hide what they are really feeling or thinking. 课件41张PPT。Module 3Section Ⅱ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实Ⅰ.根据英文释义及首字母提示写出单词
1． an agreement or arrangement, especially in
business or politics
2． not very much, only a little
3． to bend the top part of your body forward in order
to show respect
4． to open sth. so that it covers a bigger areadealslightlybowspreadⅡ.根据所给词性及汉语释义写出单词
1． n．交流；沟通→ vi.(用语
言、信号)传递信息；交流
2． adj.意识到的；自觉的→ adj.无意
的；不知不觉的
3． vi.变化→ adj.各种各样的→ n．种类
4． adj.正式的→ adj.非正式的
5． adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的→
n．挑衅communicationcommunicateconsciousunconsciousvaryformalvarietyinformalaggressiveaggressionvarious6． adv.传统地→ adj.传统的
→ n．传统
7． adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→ v．
威胁→ n．威胁
8． vt.包括；涉及→ adj.与……有关联的traditionallytraditionalinvolvetraditionthreatenthreateninginvolvedthreat1．communicate vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流；沟通
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)How much do you communicate with your body?
你在多大程度上使用身体进行交流？
(鲜活例句)This novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other.
这部小说写的是成员彼此无法沟通的一个家庭。(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)communicate with sb. 与某人交流
communicate sth. to sb. 把某事传达给某人
(2)communication n. 传达，通信，联络，沟通
be in communication with sb.与某人互通信息
make communication with sb.与某人交流①He is eager to communicate his ideas to the group.
他急于把自己的想法传达给小组。
②The satellite has become an important means of communication.
卫星已成为一种重要的通讯工具。
③I'll be my lawyer about this matter.
关于这件事情我将会和我的律师商议。in communication with2．vary vi.变化 vt.改变；使多样化
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.
我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得的”身势语。“习得的”身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。
(鲜活例句)Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
班级数目从25到30不等。
(鲜活例句)Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.
为了增加趣味性，教师应该使自己的课堂多样化。(二)归纳拓展全析考点(1)vary in ... 在……方面不同(有差异)
vary with sth ... 随着……变化
vary from ... to ... 从……到……变化
(2)varied ＝ various adj. 各种各样的
(3)variety n. 变化；多变(性)；多样(化)
a variety of 各种不同的①They vary in weight and height.
他们在体重和身高上不同。
②The color of the leaves weather.
叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。
③Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
④There are a variety of people on the earth.
地球上有各种不同的人。varies with3．deal n．协议；交易vt. 经营；处理
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)We shake hands when we make a deal.
当我们做成一笔生意时我们握握手。
(鲜活例句)This book deals with educational problems.
这本书论述教育问题。(二)归纳拓展全析考点
(1)make a deal with 与……做成交易
It's a deal. 就这么办/一言为定。
a great/good deal (常接比较级)……很多
a great/good deal of 大量，许多(修饰不可数名词)
(2)deal in 经营
deal with 处理；涉及；相处，做买卖①The company has made a new deal with a buyer in America.
这家公司与美国的一位买主做了一笔新生意。
②She always spends a great deal of money on clothes.
她总是在衣着上花费很多钱。
③The shop deals in clothes.
这家商店经营服装。
④How shall we this matter?
这事我们怎么处理？
[点津] do with常与what连用，而deal with常与how连用。do with中的do是及物动词，其后需接宾语；deal with中的deal是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语。deal with4．involve vt.包括；需要；使卷入；使专心(常与介词in连用)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands.
亚洲人打招呼是不接触别人身体的，但经常会用到手。
(鲜活例句)The job involves me/my living in Beijing.
那份工作需要我住在北京。(二)归纳拓展全析考点(1)involve sb. in sth. 使某人参与某事，把某人牵
扯到某事中
(2)involved adj. 复杂的；有关的
be involved in 与……有关；被卷入；专心于①Don't involve me in your trouble.
不要把我牵扯到你的麻烦里。
②Parents should themselves their child's education.
父母应当参与孩子的教育。involvein③This is an involved sentence which I can't comprehend.
这是一个我无法理解的复杂的句子。
④She was quite sure about the amount of money involved.
她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。
[点津] involved作前置定语时，常意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，常意为“有关的”。
⑤Several officials this matter.
有几位官员被卷入这件事情中。were involved in5．spread vi.张开；铺开；传播；蔓延n. 扩展；蔓延
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.
说完后这个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。
(鲜活例句)The bird spread its wings and flew away.
鸟儿展开翅膀，飞走了。
(鲜活例句)To make sure where the town is, he spread out a map.
为了弄清楚这个城镇在哪里，他打开了地图。(鲜活例句)She was told not to spread this secret around.
她被告知不要把这个秘密传出去。
(鲜活例句)The government has taken measures to prevent the spread of the disease.
政府已经采取措施来防止这种疾病的传播。
(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 spread, expand, extend, stretch用spread, expand, extend和stretch填空
①Water when it freezes.
②The fire to the nearby buildings.
③They have agreed to the time for completion of the building work.
④This kind of cloth will if you wash it in hot water.expandsextendstretchspread1． guard (保持)警惕
2．be busy sth. 忙于……
3． a deal 达成协议；做成交易
4．hold 举起
5．give 暴露(自己的情况)
6．be unconscious 未意识到
7．rely 依赖；依靠ondoing/withmakeupofawayon/upon1．on guard (保持)警惕(常和against搭配)
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.
跟其他动物一样，只有在感觉很安全时我们才放松，否则将一直处于戒备状态。
(鲜活例句)There are soldiers on guard at the gate.
大门口有士兵在守卫。
(鲜活例句)Let us be all on guard against thieves.
我们大家都要提防小偷。(二)归纳拓展全析考点(1)off guard 疏忽，不警惕；不提防
stand/keep guard 守卫；站岗
(2)on表示“处于某种状态”的常用短语：
on holiday 在度假
on business 在出差
on duty/watch 在值班
on leave 在休假
on show 在放映，在演示
on sale 待售①Don't be off guard！You mustn't tell anything to him.
不要失去警惕，你一定不要告诉他任何事。
②When I went to see him, he was in Shanghai.
我去拜访他时，他恰好在上海出差。on business2．hold up举起；支撑；阻碍；使停顿；抢劫
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)Please hold up your hand if you have any questions.
如果有问题，请举手。
(鲜活例句)The roof is held up by massive stone pillars.
屋顶是由粗大的石柱支撑的。
(鲜活例句)The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.
新路的修建工作因天气恶劣而停顿。(二)归纳拓展全析考点
hold back 阻止；抑制
hold on 坚持；别挂断；抓住……不放(to)
hold out 伸出；坚持
hold off 推迟；延迟①The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters.
水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水。
②When he left the telephone to find a pencil, he asked me to
.
当他离开电话去找铅笔时，让我不要挂断。hold on3．give away暴露(自己的情况)；泄露；赠送；颁发；分发
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
人们用姿势比用语言更能暴露自己的情况。
(鲜活例句)She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
她把国家的秘密泄露给了敌人。
(鲜活例句)He gave away part of his income to his needy friends.
他把一部分收入分给他贫困的朋友。
(鲜活例句)The headmaster gave away the prizes at the sports meeting.
校长在运动会上颁奖。(二)归纳拓展全析考点give in 投降；屈服，让步
give up 放弃；认输
give out 发出；分发；公布；耗尽
give off 散发，放出(光、气味等)①The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.
拗不过孩子的要求，母亲买了玩具给他。
②After a month their food supplies .
一个月后，他们的食物吃完了。gave out1．[句型展示] Although these are very important, we
communicate with more_than just spoken and written words.
尽管这些很重要，但我们并不仅仅只是通过口语和书面语交流。
[典例背诵] We are much more than classmates. We are close friends.
我们远不仅仅是同学，我们是知心朋友。2．[句型展示] Indeed, body positions are part of what we call
“body language”．
实际上，身体姿势是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。
[典例背诵] Bell invented what we call “telephone”．
贝尔发明了我们称之为电话的东西。
3．[句型展示] One person then holds up his hand,
palm_outwards_and_five_fingers_spread.
一个人接着举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。
[典例背诵] Class over, the children rushed out of the classroom.
下课了，孩子们冲出了教室。1．Although these are very important, we communicate
with more_than just spoken and written words.
尽管这些非常重要，但我们并不仅仅只是通过口语和书面语言交流。
(1)句中的more than表示“不仅仅”，其后常接名词。
①He is more than a writer; he is also a painter.
他不仅是个作家，还是个画家。(2)more than与数词连用时，相当于over，意为“超过，多于”。
②We have known each other for more than 10 years.
我们认识不止10年。
(3)more than与形容词、过去分词连用时，意为“非常，十分”。
③I'm more than surprised to see him behind me.
看到他在我身后，我十分吃惊。
(4)more than与情态动词can/could连用时，意为“超过了……
所能”。④The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
(5)more ... than ...意为“与其说是后者倒不如说是前者”。
⑤Hearing the news, Tom was surprised
disappointed.
听到这个消息，汤姆与其说是失望，倒不如说是惊奇。morethan2．Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body
language”．
实际上，身体姿势是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。
(1)what 引导的从句作介词of的宾语，what在从句中作call的
宾语。
①We waited for her for what seemed a long age.
我们等她似乎等了很长时间。
②Are you satisfied with what the boss said just now?
你对老板刚才说的话满意吗？(2)介词后的宾语从句
介词后可跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的从句。
③Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。
where, when引导的从句有时可作介词宾语。
④We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.
从我们住的地方能很清楚地看到那座寺院。
that从句只可跟在含形式宾语it的介词后作宾语。这类词有see to, depend on, rely on, count on等。
⑤I am counting on it that you will come.
我正指望着你会来。课件38张PPT。Module 3Section Ⅲ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实语篇理解Read the passage on Page 29 and finish the following tasks.
Ⅰ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．The reason why we clap is that we like something. ( )
2．We don't clap at the end of a live performance. ( )
3．The custom of clapping has early beginnings. ( )
4．Applause was a sign of equality between actors and
audience. ( )
5．All the countries have the custom of clapping at concerts
and theatres. ( )TTFTTⅡ.Choose the best answer according to the passage.
1．What did clapping mean in classical Athens?
A．Happiness and thanks.
B．Welcome and happiness.
C．Judgement and taking part.
D．Competition and joy.
2．Which word can replace the word “hold” in Paragraph 2?
A．Take. B．Seat.
C．Bring. D．Use.3．Which is NOT true about clapping?
A．We clap to show we like something.
B．Clapping has a long history.
C．Clapping is infectious.
D．British people clap at a funeral.
4．In this passage, the writer intends to ________.
A．encourage us to clap at the end of a live performance
B．tell us of what clapping and applause mean in different
cultures
C．introduce to us about the history of clapping
D．warn us to be careful about the occasions when we can
clap
答案：1～4 CBDB根据所给词性及汉语释义写出单词
1． vt. 弯下腰
2． vi. 凝视；盯着看
3． v. 恐慌；惊慌
4． n. 请求；要求
5． adj. 现场的
6． n．邀请→ vt.邀请，请求
7． n．恩惠；善意的行为→ adj.最喜爱的bendstarerequestpanicinvitationinvitelivefavourfavourite8． n．表演→ v．扮演→
n．表演者
9． n．判断；意见→ v．判断；审理
n．法官；裁判员
10． n．平等→ adj.相等的；平等的 v．等于
11． adj.社会的→ n．社会
12． adj.有感染性的→ n．感染performanceperformjudgejudgementequalityequalperformersocialsocietyinfectiousinfectious1．stare vi.凝视；盯着看
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)If you stare at someone you look at them for a long time.
当你注视着一个人时，你就要看很长时间。
(鲜活例句)Stop staring out of the window and do some work!
别盯着窗外看了，快点干活吧！
(鲜活例句)The old man stared the uninvited guest up and down.
老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 stare, glare, glance用stare, glare和glance填空
①She at the envelope and recognized her uncle's handwriting.
②He at the beautiful painting without hearing me.
③He at me because of my bad behaviour.glancedstaredglared2．panic v．& n．恐慌；惊慌
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)If your mind goes blank, try not to panic.
如果你的脑子里一片空白，尽量不要惊慌。
(鲜活例句)When the theatre caught fire, there was a panic.
剧院失火引起一阵恐慌。
(鲜活例句)He panicked and ran as fast as he could to safety.
他很惊慌，赶快跑到安全的地方。
[点津] panic的过去式、过去分词、现在分词都要把c变为ck再加-ed或-ing。(二)归纳拓展全析考点get into a panic 陷入恐慌
in (a) panic 惊慌地①She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.
她突然惊慌失措起来，于是停住了车。
②Shoppers fled the street after two bombs exploded in central London.
两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。in panic3．request n. & v．请求；要求
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Mr and Mrs Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company ...
Harry Blunkett夫妇诚挚邀请您参加……
(鲜活例句)We regret our inability to grant your request.
我们很遗憾不能同意您的要求。(二)归纳拓展全析考点(1)make a request 请求；要求
at sb.'s request ＝ at the request of sb.
应某人之请求
(2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth.
要求某人做某事①Mr Paine made a request that I should help him.
佩恩先生要求我帮助他。
②The last trip was made at the request of Mr Smith.
最后这次旅行是应史密斯先生之请而去的。
③We requested assistance from/of them.
我们向他们请求协助。
④I requested them making such a noise.
我请求他们不要这样大声喧哗。
⑤He requested that we on time.
他要求我们按时到这里。to stop(should) get here4．favour n．恩惠；善意的行为；赞成；支持；偏爱
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)Can I ask you a favour?
能请您帮个忙吗？
(鲜活例句)I'm doing this as a favour, remember, it's not part of my job.
记住，我是为帮忙才做这件事的，这不是我工作的一部分。(二)归纳拓展全析考点ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙
do sb. a favour ＝ do a favour for sb.
帮某人一个忙
in favour of 赞成；支持
in one's favour 对某人有利
in favour with 受……的喜爱；得到……的偏爱①May I ask a favour of you?
请你帮帮忙好吗？
②Will you do me a favour and post the letter?
你能否帮我个忙把这封信寄了？
③I'm all equal pay for equal work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
④The exchange rate is in our favour today.
今天的兑换率对我们有利。
⑤She's very much in favour with the management at the moment.
她目前很受管理层的喜爱。in favour of5．live adj.现场的；活着的，有生气的adv. 现场直播地v. 住；
生存，生活
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say thank you to the performers.
我们在一个现场表演结束时鼓掌来感谢表演者，像戏剧或是音乐会那样的。
(鲜活例句)Is it a live show or a recorded show?
这是现场直播还是录像？(鲜活例句)Many people are against doing experiments on live animals.
很多人反对用活着的动物做实验。
(鲜活例句)To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live. (Roman Roland)
一个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。(罗曼·罗兰)
(鲜活例句)The football game was televised live.
足球比赛通过电视现场直播。(二)明辨易混失误防范
比较 live, alive, living, lively用live, alive, living和lively填空
①He is considered as the greatest artist.
②There is going to be a football match on TV this afternoon.
③A person is full of life and is always doing things.
④He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether he is dead or .livinglivelivelyalive1．lift 举起
2．up down 一上一下地；来来回回
3． accident 偶然地
4． blank 变得一片空白
5．say hello 向……问好
6．switch 打开(灯、无线电等)
7． competition with 与……进行竞争
8．add ... ... 把……加到……上upandgotooninbyto1．lift up举起，提起；提高
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(教材原句)If you raise your hand you lift it up.
如果你举起你的手，那你将它举起来。
(鲜活例句)He lifted up the box and put it in the truck.
他举起箱子把它放进卡车里。
(鲜活例句)Lift up your voice to make everyone hear you.
提高声音以便让每个人都能听见你说话。(二)归纳拓展全析考点(1)lift off (火箭、导弹等)发射，(飞机等)升空(
不用于被动语态)
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
(2)“动词＋up”短语：
set up 建立
give up 放弃
hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍
bring up 教育；培养；提出
put up 举起；建立；修建；张贴
take up 开始学习(或从事等)；继续；占据；拿起①I'll give you a lift back to London.
我让你搭我的车回伦敦。
②In my day, children to respect the law.
在我小时候，孩子们都接受教育要遵守法律。
③When did you take up basketball?
你什么时候开始打篮球的？were brought up2．by accident偶然地，无意地
(一)背诵佳句培养语感
(鲜活例句)I ran into an old friend in the street by accident.
我在街上偶然碰上一位老朋友。
(二)归纳拓展全析考点by chance/coincidence 偶然地；碰巧地
by mistake 错误地(并非故意)
by design 有意地，故意地；有计划地
on purpose 故意地①I don't know whether they did it by accident or by design.
我不知道他们这样做是偶然的，还是故意的。
②The nurse gave the child the wrong medicine .
那护士给孩子吃错了药。
③It wasn't! You did it on purpose.
不对！你是故意的。by mistake1．[句型展示] In Thailand you mustn't
touch_someone_on_the_head,_even by accident.
在泰国，你千万不要碰别人的头，即使是偶然性的。
[典例背诵] Don't let them lead you by the nose.
不要让他们牵着你的鼻子走。2．[句型展示] In Russia you must make a toast every_time
you take a sip from your glass.
在俄国，你每一次从杯子里抿一小口时，都要祝酒干杯。
[典例背诵] Every time I saw the teacher standing near me,
I felt nervous.
每次看到老师站在我旁边，我都会紧张。
3．[句型展示] Without_us — the audience — the
performance would not be complete.
如果没有我们——观众——表演就是不完整的。
[典例背诵] We would feel lonely without any friend.
没有朋友我们会觉得孤独。1．In Thailand you mustn't touch someone on the head,
even by accident.
在泰国，你千万不要碰别人的头，即使是偶然性的。
touch someone on the head属于“vt.＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位名词”句式。能用于此结构的常见动词有hit, strike, lead, take, pat等，坚硬结实的部位(如head, shoulder, back等)多用介词on，柔软多肉的部位(如face, eye, leg等)多用介词in，表示“牵着，领着”多用介词by。①He hit her on the nose.
他打中了她的鼻子。
②The stone struck the man .
石头击中了那个人的眼睛。
③The old granny took the little girl by the hand.
老奶奶拉着那小女孩的手。in the eye2．Without_us — the audience — the performance would
not be complete.
如果没有我们——观众——演出就是不完整的。
本句为含蓄条件句，介词短语引出虚拟条件，此处without us相当于if it were not for us。另外，还可用with, but for, otherwise, or, but以及定语从句等引出虚拟条件。
①We couldn't have finished the work in time without your help (＝ if we hadn't got your help)．
没有你的帮助我们不会及时完成这项工作。②What would you do with a million dollars (＝ if you had a million dollars)?
要是有100万美金，你会怎么用？
③But for the Party's leadership, we couldn't lead such a happy life.
要不是党的领导，我们不可能过上这样的幸福生活。
④He was busy; otherwise he you.
他很忙，否则他会帮助你的。
⑤I you more help, but I was too busy.
我可能会给你更多的帮助，但当时我太忙了。
⑥A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.
一个人要是不喝水，大约7天后就会死亡。would have helpedmight have given课件32张PPT。Section ⅣModule 3语法讲座写作讲座考点精析专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习条件状语从句和让步状语从句一、条件状语从句
条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。
1．条件状语从句中的时态
条件状语从句中主句和从句之间的时态要保持一致。
(1)当主句和从句的谓语动词都是单纯陈述过去的事情时，
主句和从句都可用一般过去时。
If it rained, I went to work by taxi.
如果天下雨，我坐出租车去上班。(2)当主句和从句所表达的动作基本同时发生或表示客观
事实时，主句和从句都可以用一般现在时。
If you pour oil on water, it floats.
若把油倒在水里，它会浮在上面。
(3)当主句的谓语动词是want, wish, hope等时，从句通常
用一般现在时。
If you don't go home, I hope to have a meeting with you.
如果你不回家，我希望跟你开个会。
(4)当主句是一般将来时(包括祈使句和含有情态动词can,
may, must等)，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
You must see a doctor if you are ill.
如果你病了，一定要去看医生。2．if和unless引导条件状语从句
if表示正向条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反向条件，意为
“除非，如果不”。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。
[点津] ①if引导的条件状语从句既可以表示真实条件，又可以表示与事实相悖或实现的可能性不大的非真实条件(虚拟语气)。②unless一般不用于引导非真实条件状语从句。unless通常可用if ... not替换。
If he doesn't come before 12 o'clock, we won't wait for him.
如果他12点之前不来，我们就不等他了。
If I had not missed the train, I would have got home by now.
假如我没误火车的话，现在早该到家了。
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
＝ They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。1－1.(2012·陕西高考)All the photographs in this book,
________ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A．unless B．until
C．once D．if
解析：选 。考查状语从句。句意：这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句式。unless“除非”；until“直到”；once“一旦”；if“如果”。[考题印证1]A1－2.(浙江高考)The medicine works more effectively
________you drink some hot water after taking it.
A．as B．until
C．although D．if
解析：选 。考查连词和状语从句。句意：如果吃药后再喝点热水，药物的效果会更好。if表示“如果……”，符合语意，在句中引导条件状语从句。D3．when, as long as/so long as (只要), on (the) condition that
(条件是), provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (假设), once (一旦), in case (万一，如果)等引导条件状语从句
I will cooperate as long as I am notified in time.
只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.
我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
Supposing you fail a second time, don't get discouraged and try again.假如你又一次失败了，不要泄气，再试一次。
Once you begin, you must continue.
你一旦开始，就得继续。
In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。[考题印证2]
2－1.(2012·江苏高考)One's life has value ________ one
brings value to the life of others.
A．so that B．no matter how
C．as long as D．except that
解析：选 。考查连词。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as意为“只要”，符合句意。so that意为“以便，结果”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了……”。C2－2.(2011·山东高考)He had his camera ready______ he
saw something that would make a good picture.
A．even if B．if only
C．in case D．so that
解析：选 。句意：他准备好了相机，万一看见能拍一张好照片的东西(就可以拍下来了)。结合句意可知应选in case，“以防，万一”。even if “即使”；if only“要是……就好了”；so that 表结果或目的。C二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。
1．though, although, even if和even though引导让步状语
从句
(1)四者皆有“虽然，即使，尽管”之意，even if和even
though带有强调的意味，语气较强，though和although语气较弱，though不如although正式。
Although they did heavy work that day, they were all in high spirits.
虽然那天做的工作很繁重，但是他们情绪高昂。She carries on the job even though she has had a bad cold for several days.
尽管重感冒缠身多日，她仍坚守在工作岗位之上。
(2)though和although通常不与but连用，但可以与yet或still
连用。
Although she has a lot of money, yet/still she is not happy.
虽然她有很多钱，但她并不快乐。[考题印证3]
(2012·新课标全国卷)I don't believe we've met before，________ I must say you do look familiar.
A．therefore B．although
C．since D．unless
解析：选 。考查连词。句意：虽然我必须要说你看起来很熟悉，但我觉得我们之前没见过。前后两分句间为转折关系，故选although(虽然，尽管)。B2．while引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于
although，但一般要位于句首。
While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.
我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。[考题印证4]
(2012·湖南高考)________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A．While B．Once
C．If D．Until
解析：选 。考查连词。句意：尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。由句意可知选while“尽管；虽然”； once“一旦”； if“如果”；until“直到”。A3．whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句时，意为“不管是……还
是……”。
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.
不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
4．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋-ever”引导让步状语从句，
意为“无论……都……”，两者可以互换。
Whoever (＝No matter who)needs it most, I'd like to give the money to him.
无论谁最需要，我都会把这笔钱给他。
Whatever (＝No matter what) you may say, I still think I did the right thing.
无论你说什么，我始终认为我做得对。[点津] “no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词＋-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
Whatever (＝ No matter what) you say, I won't believe you. (whatever引导让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
I'll eat whatever (≠ no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)
你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。[考题印证5]
5－1.(2011·重庆高考)To show our respect, we usually have to
take our gloves off ________we are to shake hands with.
A．whichever B．whenever
C．whoever D．wherever
解析：选 。考查状语从句。 句意：为了表示我们的尊敬， 无论与谁握手， 我们通常得摘下手套。 shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”， 本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever 在句中引导让步状语从句。C5－2.(2011·辽宁高考)No matter how________， it is not
necessarily lifeless.
A．a desert may be dry B．dry a desert may be
C．may a desert be dry D．dry may a desert be
解析：选 。考查句子语序。句意：无论沙漠多么干，它并不一定没有生命存在。首先，how 后面紧跟的应是其修饰的形容词dry，故排除A、C两项；且此处要用陈述句语序，故B项正确。B5．让步状语从句的倒装
though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装，但as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即将表语、状语或动词原形提到句首。如果名词放在句首，其前不加冠词。
Bravely though we fought, we had no chance of winning.
尽管我们在比赛中打得很顽强，但胜利无望。
Smart as he was, he was not able to solve the problem.
尽管他很聪明，但他解决不了这个问题。
Child as he was, he had a good command of English.
尽管他是个孩子，但他精通英语。[考题印证6]
(2012·陕西高考)Hot ________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A．although B．as
C．while D．however
解析：选 。考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。B写一封请柬及其回复 元旦即将来临，学生会要举行一次英语晚会。请以学生会的名义写一封邀请信，邀请老师们参加，词数100左右，内容包括：
1．日期及时间：12月30日晚7：30
2．地点：学校大礼堂
3．晚会内容：英语演讲比赛，英语老师和学生们演出一
些短剧、唱歌、跳舞
4．其他：欢迎老师给大家表演一些节目Dear teacher，
①New Year's Day is drawing near. ②The Students' Union is going to hold an English evening in the school hall at 7：30 pm on the 30th of December. ③And it will last about two hours. ④We'll have an English speech contest and some English teachers and students are going to put on some short plays. ⑤Also they will sing and dance.
⑥Warmly welcome you to it. ⑦And we'll be very happy and thankful if you give us some wonderful performances then. ⑧Please come on time.
With best wishes，
The Students' Union第一段：给出邀请的相关信息，即活动日期、时间和地点，
并针对活动的相关内容作了详细介绍。
第二段：发出邀请。①句使用了进行时，让读者有一种身临其境的感觉。
②句仅用一句话就介绍出了活动的时间、地点、内容及其主办人。
⑤句把also置于句首承上启下。
⑥句使用warmly表达了对老师参与的渴望。
⑦句的句式we'll be very happy and thankful if ...常用来邀请对方，且语气较委婉。 请柬是生活中常用的一种文体，主要用来邀请某人参加宴会、庆祝活动或会议等。
英文请柬分为正式请柬(formal invitation)和非正式请柬(informal invitation)。在考试时，通常考的是非正式的请柬，即邀请信。邀请信与普通信件的格式基本一样，首先是称呼，然后将事情，也就是活动内容、活动日期、时间以及地点都写清楚，最后是落款。
在回复请柬或邀请信时，通常也采用书信的格式，不管是否接受邀请，首先都要表示感谢。若接受，就表明自己非常高兴能够参加活动；若拒绝，要写清拒绝的原因，并对此表示遗憾，另外表达对活动的良好祝愿。[黄金表达]1．We would be very happy if you could join us.
2．I would appreciate it if you could ...
3．It's my honour if you could come here.
4．I'd love to come, but I can't because ...
5．I'm very happy to accept your invitation.
6．Sb. invites you to a reception (party, etc.) at (place) on
(date) at (time)．
7．You are warmly invited to attend a reception (party, etc.)
at (place) on (date) at (time)．
8．I'm afraid I will not be able to ...because ...
