课件27张PPT。Unit 4 Pygmalion Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading — Pre-readingStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 51．Have you ever heard of The Pygmalion Effect?
2．Do you want to know more about it?
Please read the following passage to get the information. The Pygmalion effect refers to the concept that a person will achieve or perform as he is expected to perform, and it can have both positive, and negative effects on an individual or a group.A person expected to perform well will achieve or exceed (超越)this expectation, according to the Pygmalion effect, but a person expected to underachieve or perform poorly will also fulfill this expectation. The term “Pygmalion effect”comes from a Greek myth.According to the myth, Pygmalion was a prince of Cyprus and a sculptor who created and fell in love with an ivory statue of his ideal woman.He pleaded with the goddess Venus to give life to his creation, and she agreed.Pygmalion married his creation and they had a perfect life together.He had expected the statue to be the perfect woman, and she fulfilled his expectations when she was brought to life. Many studies have been conducted on the Pygmalion effect in the classroom.Teachers were given information that certain students in the class were more likely to excel and achieve than other members of the class.No verbal cues (暗
示)were used by the teacher to inform students of the information or expectations, but students who were believed by tutors to have greater potential still showed significantly greater intellectual growth. Body language is just as important as verbal communication when conveying both positive and negative expectations, as is the tone of voice.The use of body language is most commonly a subconscious (潜意识的) form of communication, but it can prove to be very powerful. A student may detect that his teacher believes he will never be a high achiever and is less intelligent and capable of succeeding than other members of the class.If the child detects these negative expectations and comes to believe them, these negative expectations can remain with him for the rest of his life, trapping him in a continuous circle of the negative self-fulfilling prophecy (预言)．1．Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.①Who and what is the man in Picture A?
__________________________________________________②The Pygmalion Effect is used in class now.Can you say something about it?
____________________________________________________
答案：①It's George Bernard Shaw, an Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman and a leading figure in the 20th century heater.
②The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they will.If you expect a person to take responsibility, they probably will. If you expect them not to even try, they probably won't.2．A brief introduction to George Bernard ShawMatch the works or plays shown in the chart：
①《华伦夫人的职业》 ________
②《圣女贞德》 ________
③《皮格马利翁》 ________
④《人与超人》 ________
⑤《巴巴拉少校》 ________
⑥《鳏夫的房屋》 ________
答案：①A ②D ③E ④C ⑤B ⑥F1．Read the text and write down the main idea of the text.
The play is mainly about ________ who is lucky to come across a professor who might help her to ________ her life.
答案：a poor flower girl; improve2．Look at the pictures and tell who they are.Choose adjectives
to describe each character in the play.答案：(1)Eliza Doolittle→C
(2)Henry Higgins→A
(3)Colonel Pickering→BRead the text and then choose the best answer according to the passage.
(1)What was the girl's spoken English like?
A．She spoke standard English.
B．She didn't speak standard English.
C．She spoke official English.
D．She spoke American English.(2)Why did the girl begin to cry?
A．She thought that man might be a policeman.
B．She felt hungry but she had nothing to eat.
C．She was wet in the rain.
D．She was unable to take a bus to get home.
(3)What did Higgins take down on his notebook?
A．He wrote down what the girl said.
B．He wanted to tell the police what he had seen.
C．He took down the weather.
D．He was writing a diary.(4)Where was the girl from?
A．She was from the west end of Wales.
B．She was from the west end of Scotland.
C．She was from the west end of London.
D．She was from the east end of London.(5)Once educated to speak properly, the girl can do the
following things EXCEPT ________.
A．acting as a duchess
B．going on selling flowers
C．working as a shop assistant
D．serving as a lady's maid
答案：(1)～(5) BAACBRead the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Act One of Pygmalion tells us how the main characters of this play，Eliza Doolittle，Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering had their 1._______ meetings while 2._______________ from a heavy rain outside a theatre in London，England in 1914.fatefulsheltering/hiding Eliza Doolittle was a poor flower girl.When she tried to sell her flowers to a gentleman，her 3._______ English caught Professor Higgins' attention.Professor Higgins，an expert in 4.__________，could place a person by his/her remarks.He convinced that the 5._______ of a person's English decides his/
her social position.In his opinion，once educated to speak 6._________，Eliza Doolittle could pass herself off in three months as a 7.________ at an ambassador's garden party and perhaps
she could even work as 8.____________ or a shop assistant.terriblephoneticsqualityproperlyduchessa lady's maid Colonel Pickering，an officer in the army，who had studied many 9._______ dialects himself，came to England to make the 10.____________ of Professor Higgins.Indian acquaintance1．Do you think that Pygmalion and his statue-wife will be
happy together?
2．What problem do you think they will have?
3．How do you think they might solve them?
答案：1.No, I don't think so.2．Maybe they can't understand each other, because they come from different worlds. It's very hard for Pygmalion to understand his wife, because his wife is made from a stone.She doesn't know his language, his behavior and everything about him to begin with.
3．Pygmalion loves the girl so much that he decides to teach her how to speak and how to behave herself.Little by little, they understand each other well and live happily.课件39张PPT。Unit 4 PygmalionSection Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading — Language Points语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实课时跟踪检测根据英文释义和首字母提示写出单词
1． (adj.)be wrong about something that you
thought you knew or saw
2． (vt.)to be disloyal to someone who trusts you so
that they are harmed or upset
3． (vt.)to say very strongly that you do not approve
of something or someone, especially because you think it is
morally wrongmistakenbetraycondemn4． (n.)person whom one knows but who is not a
close friend
5． (n.)thing said or written as a comment; observation
6． (n.)chance, esp regarded as a power affecting
people's lives; (good or bad) luckacquaintanceremarkfortune1．adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本
[教材P28原句] This play by George Bernard Shaw is an adaptation of a classic Greek story.
乔治·伯纳德·萧的这个剧本改编自一个经典的希腊传说。
①Our company's adaptation to shifting consumer tastes has been a great success.
我们公司适应了顾客不断变化的口味，取得了很大的成功。
②He's working on a screen adaptation of his latest novel.
他正在把他最新的一本小说改成电影。(1)make an adaptation to 适应……
(2)adapt v. (使)适应；(使)适合
vt. 改编，修改
adapt (oneself) to ... 适应……
adapt ...for 为……改编
adapt sth.into ... 把……改编成……
adapt sth.from ... 由……改编……③The little boy adapted (himself) to his new school finally.
＝The little boy his new school finally.
小男孩终于适应了新学校。
④The film his novel.
这部电影是由他的小说改编的。made an adaptation towas adapted fromadapt, adopt[自填助记]
The film was from a novel, which told that a couple a flexible way to bring up their
son, who gradually to his new family.
2．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
[教材P29原句] A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.
这时有位先生(先)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
①Don't hesitate about that.Do it at once!
关于此事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧！adaptedadoptedadoptedadapted②I didn't hesitate for a moment the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。about/over taking3．remark
[教材P29原句] You can place a man by just a few remarks.
根据几句话你就可以判定出一个人是哪个地方的。
(1)n.[C]谈论；言论；评述
①It's rude to make a remark/remarks on the appearance
of others.
评论人的相貌是不礼貌的。
②He made no remark about the traffic accident.
他对这次交通事故不予评论。③make a remark/remarks
就……发表意见，对……作出评论
④make no remark on不加评论remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的；奇怪的
be remarkable for 以……著称⑤His drawings are remarkable for their accuracy.
他的画以精细著称。(2)vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起
⑥A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on
the decrease due to the forceful law.
一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。
⑦Some western newspapers have been the
civil war of Syria.
一些西方报纸近来一直对叙利亚内战作评论。remarking on⑧remark that ...
⑨remark 谈论/评论on/upon评论……[自填助记]
The scientist that he had found a
way, but others made no about it.remarkedremarkableremark4．condemn vt.谴责；使……注定；判刑；宣判
[教材P30原句] Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.
你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。condemn sb.for sth. 因……谴责某人
condemn sb.to seven years in jail/death
判处某人七年徒刑/死刑
condemn sb.to sth./do sth.
使某人注定……/使某人注定做……①I did not him what he had done.
我并没有因他的所作所为而指责他。
②His bad leg condemns him to a wheelchair.
他那条伤腿迫使他坐在轮椅里。
③As was expected, Yao Jiaxin
.
正如所预料的一样，药家鑫被判处死刑。condemnforwas condemned/sentencedto death5．acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
[教材P30原句] And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
我也正是到英国来找你的！
①He was my closest acquaintance.
他是我的老相识。(1)make one's acquaintance
＝make the acquaintance of sb.
与某人相识；结识某人
have a nodding acquaintance with sb.
对某人有点头之交；对……略知一二
have some acquaintance with 熟悉/了解
have no acquaintance with 不熟悉/了解……
(2)acquaint vt. 使认识；使熟悉；使了解
be acquainted with 熟悉……
acquaint sb./oneself with ... 使某人/自己了解②I'm pleased to .
＝I'm pleased to make the acquaintance of you.
我非常高兴结识你。
③I have some with the language.
我懂得这门语言。
④I'm not that boy.
我不认识那个男孩子。
[点津] acquaintance用作不可数名词，表示“熟悉，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表示某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表示“熟悉的人”。make your acquaintanceacquaintanceacquainted with1．hide/shelter rain 避雨
2． a moment 一会儿；片刻
3． disguise 伪装(的)；假扮(的)
4．pass sb./oneself ... 把某人自己改变或冒充成……
5．make one's 结识；与……相见foroff asacquaintanceinfrom6． speaking 一般来说
7． terms ... 就……来说；从……角度
8．be superior 比……优秀/好
9．a of 一把儿；少量的
10． amazement 惊讶地
11．take ... 把……当做……generallyinoftohandfulinfor1．pass ...off as ...(把某人)改变或冒充成……
[教材P30原句] But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.不过，先生，
(高傲地)要是有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。
①She passed herself off as an experienced actress.
她冒充一名有经验的女演员。②He escaped by a guard.
他冒充警卫逃跑了。passing himself off aspass away 去世
pass down 把……传给后世
pass ...on to 把……传递给；(疾病)遗传给，传染给
pass through 通过；穿过；经历③Qian Xuesen passed away during the night.
钱学森在晚间逝世。
④The skill has been over four generations.
这项技巧已经传了四代以上。passed down2.in terms of就……来说；从……角度看
[教材P31原句] Correct all these sentences in terms of
grammar，spelling，etc.，so that she can use them properly.
从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。
①In terms of weather, the city of Sanya is a good place for
tour.
从天气来讲，三亚市是一个旅游胜地。
②It is hard to express it in terms of science.
要从科学的角度来表达它是困难的。in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with ... 和……关系好/不好
come to terms with (sb.) 与(某人)达成协议/妥协/和解
come to terms with sth. 适应(困难的处境)，接受
(令人不快的事物)③The company's prospects look good .
这个公司的远景看好。
④The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries.
这个国家很穷，它不得不与邻国和解。
⑤We are all our neighbours.
我们与所有的邻居关系都好。in the long termon good terms with1．[句型展示] While watching, he makes notes.
他一边观察，一边做记录。
[典例背诵]
While listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她在听收音机时睡着了。2．[句型展示] Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's
maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.
说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
[典例背诵]
The little boy hasn't come back yet after leaving home, which makes his parents worried.
小男孩在离家后还未回来，使得他父母很担心。3．[句型展示] What if I was?
如果我是又怎样呢？
[典例背诵]
What if you should fall sick?
假使你万一生病了怎么办呢？1．While watching, he makes notes.
他一边观察，一边作记录。
此句为主从复合句，含有while引导的状语从句。While watching为状语从句的省略，其完整形式应为：While he is watching。
①While walking a dog, he happened to meet an old friend.
在遛狗时，他碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。[点津] 状语从句的省略条件为：
从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语动词是be动词，这时可将从句的主语和be动词省略。
②I will go there to see you .
如果可能的话，我会去看你。
③Once the time is set, it cannot be changed.
＝ , the time cannot be changed.
时间一旦被设定就不能更改。if (it is) possibleOnce set④When I was waiting for a bus, I met Tom.
＝When waiting for a bus, I met Tom.
我在等车时碰到了汤姆。
2．What if I was?
如果我是，又怎么样呢？
此句为省略句。原句为：What if I was born in ...？what if要是……又怎样；如果……将会怎么样；如果……又怎样。(1)询问将来可能发生的事或面临的情况，特别是不太好的情况。
①What if he doesn't come (What shall we do if he doesn't
come)?
如果他不来，我们怎么办呢？
(2)用于提建议。
②What if we go and see a film tomorrow night?
我们明晚去看电影好吗？
[点津] 若表示对过去情况的假设，what if后的句子常用
一般过去时；若表示的是将来的情况，what if 后的句子常
用一般现在时。如：③What if we failed in the last exam?
要是我们上次考试不及格怎么办？
④What if we fail in this exam?
要是我们这次考试不及格怎么办？What/How about ...？ ……怎么样？
So what? 那又怎么样？
What( ...) for? 为何？为什么？
What though? 尽管……又有什么关系？⑤ us/our going swimming?
我们去游泳怎么样？
⑥ did you ask that silly question？Now he's going to speak for another ten minutes.
你干吗要问那个愚蠢的问题？这么一来他又得再说上十分钟。How/What aboutWhat for课件37张PPT。Unit 4 PygmalionSection Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language语篇理解语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实课时跟踪检测Read the text and then choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The flower girl came to Higgins for help.
B．Higgins and Pickering reached an agreement to teach
the girl proper language.
C．Higgins refused to teach the girl at first.
D．Pickering suggested that Higgins teach the girl
proper language.2．Why did Higgins refuse to teach the flower girl at first?
A．Because the girl was dirty.
B．Because he had the record of the girl already.
C．Because the flower girl didn't want to wash herself.
D．Because the girl wasn't clever enough to learn proper
language.3．The girl came to Higgins for ________.
A．she wanted to learn her proper language
B．she wanted to leave her hometown forever
C．she didn't want others to recognize her accent
D．she wanted to improve her language so as to be taken
as a lady in a flower shop4．What is the meaning of the word “bet” in the title of the
passage?
A．Whether Higgins would teach the flower girl.
B．Whether the girl would be changed into a lady in
advanced society.
C．Whether the girl would learn proper language.
D．Whether Higgins would persuade the girl to learn
proper language.5．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Higgins would refuse to teach the flower girl.
B．Pickering would help to teach the flower girl.
C．Higgins would teach the girl proper language and
other things.
D．Pickering would teach the girl instead.
答案：1～5 BBDBC(一)词义配对
1．rob a．to fail to see or notice sth.
2．overlook b．to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with sb.in order to reach an agreement
3.fade c．badly dressed in clothes that have been worn a lot4．shabby d．to steal money or property from a person or place
5．compromise e．to become or to make sth.become
paler or less bright
答案：1～5 daecb
(二)根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词
6． adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的→
n．麻烦；烦扰
7． adj.音乐的→ n．音乐musictroublesomemusicaltrouble8． vt.发……的音→ n．发音
9． adj.可怕的；恐怖的→ n．恐怖；恐惧
10． adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的→ vt.使
人恶心；令人厌烦
11． adj.有效的→ n．效果；影响
12． n．裁判员；仲裁者→ 把……提交，交
付，委托
13． vt.& vi. 不赞成；反对；认为不好→
v. 赞成；批准 effectivepronouncepronunciationhorribledisgustdisgustinghorroreffectrefereereferdisapproveapprove1．rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
[教材P32原句] someone who steals sth.or robs sb.
偷盗某物或抢劫某人的人
①While he was away, his house was robbed.
他外出时，家被盗了。rob sb.of sth. 抢夺某人某物；使某人丧失某物
rob someplace of sth. 从某处抢走某物
robbery n. 抢劫，掠夺
robber n. 抢劫犯，盗贼②They knocked the driver down and robbed him of his car.
他们把司机打倒在地，抢走了他的车。
③Her illness to play for her school.
生病使她失去代表学校参加比赛的机会。
④They robbed the bank of millions of dollars.
他们抢走了那家银行数百万美元。robbed her of the chance[自填助记]
—Do you know the last month?
你知道上个月发生的抢劫吗？
—Yes.Two the bank in our city.
是的。两名抢劫犯抢劫了我市的银行。robberyrobbersrobbed2．compromise
[教材P34原句] (compromises)OK, I'll teach you.
(提出折中办法)好吧，我教你。
(1)n.妥协；折中；互让；和解
①After a long talk，the two sides reached a compromise.
长期谈判之后，双方达成了妥协。
②In order to live harmoniously，sometimes you need to
make compromises.
为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。③reach/arrive at/come to a compromise
④make compromises 达成妥协做出让步(2)vi.(为达成协议而)妥协；折中；让步
⑤They were unwilling to compromise with the leaders.
他们不愿与领导妥协。
⑥We can not compromise on/over/about such terms.
我们不能因为这样的条件妥协。⑦compromise sb. 与某人妥协
⑧compromise sth. 就某事妥协withon/over/about3.overlook
[教材P35原句] But you cannot overlook that!
你可不能小看这个问题了！
(1)vt.忽视；忽略；不理会
①He seems to have overlooked one important fact.
他好像忽略了一个重要的事实。 ②We could not afford such a serious offence.
对这样严重的违法行为，我们决不能视若无睹。
(2)vt.俯视；俯瞰
③My room overlooks the beautiful garden.
我的房间俯瞰着美丽的花园。to overlookoverlook, ignore[自填助记]
①It's easy to a small detail like that.
②She completely all these facts as though they never existed.overlookignores1．set 建立；创立
2．be independent 独立于……
3．show ... 带或领……进来
4．the day 前几天
5．ask 要求得到
6．pay 为……付钱
7． more 再一次
8．in need 需要……
9．deal 处理，对付
10．fade (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡inotherofwithupforforoutonceof1．show ...in带或领……进来
[教材P34原句] Show her in，Mrs Pearce.
皮尔斯夫人，领她进来。
①You'd better show the old man in.
你最好把那位老人领进来。
②Jack, show Mr.Smith out.
杰克，送史密斯先生出去。③Don't always show off your beauty.
不要总是炫耀你的美貌。
④She didn't show up for our wedding because she forgot it.
她没有来参加我们的婚礼，因为她忘了。
⑤Let me show you around the factory.
让我带领你参观工厂吧。⑥show ... 送……出去
⑦show 炫耀；卖弄
⑧show up
⑨show sb.around outoff露面；使显现带领某人参观2.in need of ...需要……
[教材P35原句] She's in need of both.
这两个方面她都需要。
①A heavy rain has been on for about a week in the south of
China, where the local people are in need of help.
一场大雨在中国南方持续了大约一周，当地的人们需要帮助。in need of, in need[自填助记]
①Deeds are better than words when people are
help.
②They are collecting money for children .in need ofin needThere is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需求②There is no need for you to feel sorry for him.
你没有必要为他难过。
③But I'm sorry we're not able to at this time.
但是很遗憾，这次不能满足您的需求。meet your needs1．[句型展示] Generally speaking, he thought that lower class
people betrayed themselves with their remarks whenever they spoke, and that he could classify people's social position after only a few minutes' observation.
一般而言，他认为阶级地位低者一开口他们的言论便会暴露他们的身份，而且仅需要观察几分钟就能够分辨出他们的社会地位。
[典例背诵]
The roof leaks whenever it rains.
屋顶每逢下雨就漏。2．[句型展示] I'd never have come if I'd known about
this disgusting thing you want me to do...
如果我早知道你让我做这么令人讨厌的事我才不会来呢……
[典例背诵]
If I'd left earlier, I'd have been there on time.
要是我早点动身，我就准时到那儿了。I'd never have come if I'd known about this disgusting thing you want me to do ...
我要是早知道你们想让我做这种可恶的事……，我决不会来。
(1)本句为主从复合句，用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的假
设情况。条件从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”形式，
主句中的谓语动词用would/could/should/might＋have＋过
去分词形式。(2)虚拟条件句的三种常见用法情况：①If I were you, I would go to the hospital.
如果我是你，我会去医院的。
②If I had known her number, I would have called her.
如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。
③If it this evening, they would not go out.
如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。were to snow/should snow/snowed[点津] 在书面语中，如果if引导的虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should, 可以把if省略，而把它们放到主语之前，构成倒装结构。有not时，not不提前。
④ , I might resign.
如果必要的话，我可以辞职。
⑤ , they could do the work well.
如果他们有耐心的话，他们就可能把这项工作做好。Were it necessaryShould they have patience课件28张PPT。语法讲座写作讲座知识必备专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习Unit 4 PygmalionSection Ⅳ Grammar & Writing一、过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的
动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语则
为句子的主语，其主语为过去分词动作的承受者。过去分
词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连
词，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。
When finished，the paper should be turned in without delay.
一完成，文件应立刻上交。(时间状语)Given more time，I will do it much better.
如果多给一点时间的话，我会干得更好。(条件状语)
Inspired by what he said, the girl student decided to work harder.
在他的话的鼓励下，女学生决定更努力地学习。(原因状语)
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.
他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。(伴随状语)
Asked many times, he still hasn't said a word about the matter.
虽然已被问了好几次，对这件事他仍只字未提。(让步状语)二、过去分词(短语)作状语在句中的位置
过去分词在句中作状语，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面
用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主
句隔开。
过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句
首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语
时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，
一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。Given more time, he can do it better.
如果给他更多的时间，他就能做得更好。(表示条件)
Exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep.
由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。(表示原因)
Defeated again, the scientist didn't give up.
尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并不放弃。(表示让步)[考题印证1]1－1(2012·北京高考)________ with care, one tin will last
for six weeks.
A．Use B．Using
C．Used D．To use
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。句意：小心使用，一
罐可以持续用六个星期。use与其逻辑主语one tin存在
逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用used表示被动。C1－2(2012·湖南高考)Time, ________correctly, is money in
the bank.
A．to use B．used
C．using D．use
解析：选 。考查非谓语动词。句意：被用得合理，时
间就是银行里存的钱。由句意可知，use与句子的主语
time构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选过去分词形式。B三、作状语的过去分词(短语)与状语从句的相互转换
(1)作时间状语的过去分词(短语)可转换为when，while或
after等引导的时间状语从句。
Asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.＝When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.
当被问及谁把花瓶打破时，孩子们都不说话了。(2)作条件状语的过去分词(短语)可转换为if，unless等引导的条
件状语从句。
United，we will make our life better.＝If we are united, we
will make our life better.
团结起来，我们就会使我们的生活变得更美好。
(3)作原因状语的过去分词(短语)可转换为as，since或because
等引导的原因状语从句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.
＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he
works harder.
由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓励，他工作更努力了。(4)作让步状语的过去分词(短语)可转换为although或though
等引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.＝
Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went
on with it.
虽然工作得很累，但我们仍然继续做下去。
(5)作伴随或方式状语的过去分词(短语)通常不能转换为方式
状语从句，但可转换为一个并列分句。Dressed in white，she suddenly appeared before us.
＝ She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared before us.
她穿着白色的衣服，突然出现在我们面前。
Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.
＝Aunt Wu came in, and she was followed by her daughter.
吴阿姨走了进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。四、表示状态的过去分词(短语)作状语
有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而
表示状态。这样的过去分词或短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；
seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in
(沉溺于)；born(出身于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌
烦)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't notice us
entering the room.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没有注意到我们进入房间。 Tired of the speech，he left without saying a word.
厌倦了这个演讲，他一句话没说就离开了。
五、过去分词(短语)的独立结构
过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通
常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。
这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短
语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中
作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
More time given，we could have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文更有价值一些。(2012·新课标全国卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather ________.
A．permitting B．to permit
C．permitted D．permit
解析：选 。考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting(＝ if weather permits)为独立主格结构，因为weather是permit这个动作的发出者，故用现在分词形式。A[考题印证2] 根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克·吐温及其作品《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》的评论。
1．马克·吐温(Mark Twain)美国作家。本名塞谬尔·郎赫恩·克莱门斯(Samuel Langhorne Clemens,1835 ～ 1910)。马
克·吐温是其笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城。
2．代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。讲述了白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事。 3．在这部小说中，作者以孩子的眼光描述了社会各个阶层的人物，哈克的密西西比河之旅也就成了他的人生之旅。
4．《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》在美国文学史上一直被称为最伟大的作品。 Mark Twain，whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens(1835-1910)，was an American writer, who was famous for his stories. He grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River. Perhaps his greatest book is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This is the story of a boy called Huck，with a slave named Jim running away from home，traveling down the Mississippi River on a raft and getting himself in and out of danger along the way. But it is more than that.The people the boy meets cover all walks of the society，and his voyage down the river becomes a metaphor for a journey through life. Huckleberry Finn has been called the greatest novel in American literature. 本文首先要对马克·吐温做简要介绍，并自然引入其代表作《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》，对其内容作概括介绍，最后对其做出准确评价。①句中含有whose 引导的非限制性定语从句；
④句结构复杂，句式高级，其过去分词短语called Huck 作定语，修饰a boy, named Jim 作宾语补足语修饰a slave; 现在分词短语running..., traveling... and getting... 在句中作定语，修饰Jim及Huck；
⑤句中使用了高级短语more than；
⑥句是由and连接的并列句，在第一个分句中，定语从句the boy meets 修饰先行词the people；
⑦句中凸显了时态的变化，在句中使用了现在完成时。如何写书评
1．首先应点出书的作者的姓名、书名，以及有关作者的简
要信息，如过去的作品、曾获得的荣誉。
2．然后对所评书目的情节做简要勾勒，如果作品不是小说，
要写明写作的目的和主题。
3．并对此书的优缺点进行适当的评论。
4．最后使用有力度的词语，尽量简短地总结你对此书的观
点。如果可能，与篇首的评论遥相呼应，使读者对此书有一个总体印象。[黄金表达]1．The Call of the Wild is a novel by American writer Jack
London.
2．The book called... is written by...
3．The book written by... is about...
4．The book published by... is a best-seller.
5．The book tells us a story of...
6．The novel is told in the form of...7．From the story, we can learn...
8．It is generally considered as his best.
9．It is sometimes classified as...
10．Wuthering Heights written by Emily Bronte is one of
the most popular and highly regarded novels in English
literature.
