课件25张PPT。Unit 2Section ⅠStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5With the development of science and technology, there are different kinds of robots for children to play with. But do you know who invent the robots and how they invent them?
Please read the following passage to get the answer. Dogs, cats, action figures, dinosaurs, and dolls! These are just some of the new wave of toys that walk, talk, do tricks, and remember things. Some even know your voice, learn new words, or remind you it's your friend's birthday. What makes the animal walk? Where did it learn to roll over? How does it know enough not to run into the wall or walk off the table? And, how can it possibly go from a sad mood to a happy one? It all starts in the inventor's imagination. Thinking of what would be fun and how it would look means that the inventor has to be creative — like an artist. And, maybe a little like a kid, too! She does some drawings, looks at how other toys work, and decides what parts she needs. Then, she starts building a model called a prototype (原型). The prototype is the starting point for testing and improving the design. Robotic toys are complicated, though. Knowing how things work, putting it all together, and getting the toy to act like the real thing mean being a bit of an engineer. Even the best inventor needs a lot of help. Her team probably includes a designer to work on how the toy will look; some programmers to put in memory, moods, and personality; and somebody else to figure out what it will cost. She might even need to work with a puppeteer (拉线木偶表演者) to make the movements look natural. What does it take to be a robotic toy inventor? There's no specific requirement, but you should like solving problems. You should be good at math and comfortable with computer. Many toy inventors have college degrees in some type of engineering, such as product design, mechanical engineering, or electronics. Others have studied fine arts or psychology. What can you do now to be a robotic toy inventor? To get started and to see if you would like inventing, let your mind run free — dream something up, draw it, and think of how it would work. In school, courses like biology, physics, art, and math can put you on the road to invention. Work on your computer skills, especially graphics. And remember that inventing takes teamwork. So, get involved in science projects or other activities in which you work with others.1．Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.(1)What's a robot?
____________________________________________________
(2)What does a robot look like?
____________________________________________________
(3)Do you know how a robot works?
____________________________________________________
答案：
(1)A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans.
(2)They may take various shapes and serve different functions.
(3)Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer.2．What can a robot do? Refer to the following pictures
and fill in the blanks with proper words.1．Read the text quickly and complete the main idea of it.
The text tells us the story that a robot called Tony not only helped Claire do her ________， but also helped her create a new ________， which made Claire fall in love with Tony.
答案：housework; image2.Read the text and then match the main idea with each
paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A．Tony made Claire feel embarrassed.
Paragraph 2 B．Tony helped Claire in improving
herself and her house.
Paragraph 3 C．Claire was going to test out a
household robot.
Paragraph 4 D．Claire began to trust Tony.
Paragraph 5 E．Tony promised and prepared to help
Claire.Paragraph 6 F．Claire first saw the robot Tony.
Paragraph 7 G．Claire was envied by those women
she admired.
Paragraph 8 H．Tony made a plan to help Claire to
attract Gladys and her friends.
Paragraph 9 I．The company was satisfied with
Tony’s report.
Paragraph 10 J．Tony caught Claire when she fell off
a ladder.Paragraph 11 K．Claire's friends saw Claire and
Tony were together.
Paragraph 12 L．Claire felt disappointed and sad
that Tony was just a machine.
答案：Paragraph 1～6 CFADEB
Paragraph 7～12 HJKGLI1．Read the text and then choose the best answers.
(1)Larry brought a robot home to ________.
A．make his wife happy
B．test out the robot
C．send his wife a gift
D．free his wife from work(2)Why did Claire feel alarmed when she saw the robot?
A．Because the robot was in fact not a machine.
B．Because she didn't like him.
C．Because she had seen the robot before.
D．Because the robot was more like a human being
than a machine.(3)Who did Claire turn to for help when the clerk at the
counter was rude to her?
A．Her husband.
B．Gladys Claffern.
C．Tony, the robot.
D．The manager of the shop.(4)At the party, Claire was envied by all the women
present because ________.
A．she had a very handsome lover
B．she was more beautiful than before
C．she had become very rich
D．she had such a clever robot
(5)Which of the following is NOT Tony's characteristic?
A．Clumsy. B．Handsome.
C．Helpful. D．Smart.
答案：(1)～(5) BDCAA2．Read the text carefully and fill in the form.facial expressionsmoothvoiceskinhaircutlistjewellery shopattitudeadvisedhuggedDo you think Tony was also in love with Claire?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
参考答案：I think Tony didn't fall in love with Claire. After all, he is just a machine.课件54张PPT。课时跟踪检测Unit 2Section Ⅱ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实(一)根据英文释义及首字母提示写出单词
1． ：to want or hope for sth.very much
2． ：the feeling of being sorry for someone
who is in a bad situation and understanding how they feel
3． ：to go somewhere with someone，
especially in order to look after him/herdesiresympathyaccompany4． ：to wish you had someone else's possessions,
abilities, etc.
5． ：a cloth bag filled with soft material that you
put on a chair to make it more comfortable
6． ：to examine an area carefully but quickly
7． ：extra money that you are paid in addition to
your usual salary
8． ：heavier than you should beenvycushionscanbonusoverweight(二)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
9． n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→ vt.
满足；使满意→ adj.令人满意的→ adj.满足的；(感到)满意的
10． vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
→ adj.担心的；害怕的
11． adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→ n．优
雅；高雅satisfactionsatisfysatisfying/satisfactorysatisfiedalarmalarmedelegantelegance12． n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→ adj.最
喜欢的 n．最喜爱的东西
13． vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→ n．宣
言；声明；公告
14． n．柜台；计数器→ vi.& vt.点数；计数
15． adj.荒谬的；可笑的→ (同义词)favourfavouritedeclaredeclarationcountercountabsurdridiculous1．desire
[教材P10原句] Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？(1)n.渴望；欲望；渴求
①The boy has a strong desire for knowledge.
这个男孩有强烈的求知欲。
②I have a desire to go to visit my grandpa.
我想去探望我爷爷。
③They expressed a desire that I (should) do it at once.
他们表示很希望我立刻就做这件事。④have a desire sth. 渴望得到某物
⑤have a desire sth. 渴望做某事
⑥(express/show) a desire that ... ...
(表示)希望……做……forto do(should) do(2)vt. 希望得到；想要；要求；希望(不用于进行时态)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that ... (should) do ... 渴望……做……(虚拟语气)⑦We desire you to complete the work within one month.
我们想要你一个月内完成工作。
⑧The teacher desired that all the exercises
before school was over.
老师要求所有作业放学前交上来。(should) behanded in2．favour (＝ favor)
[教材P11原句] As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.
托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。(1)n.喜爱；恩惠do sb. a favour ＝ do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour ＝ ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
in favour of 支持；赞成
in one's favour 对某人有利①Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
②I owed him a favour so I couldn't say no to him.
我欠他一个人情，所以我不能拒绝他。
③We are all your ways of solving the problem.
我们都赞成你解决这个问题的办法。in favour of(2)vt.喜爱；偏袒；有利于
④Of the two plans you have put forward, I favour the former.
在你提出的两种方案中，我赞成前者。
⑤The current economy does not favour the development of small businesses.
当前的经济不利于小企业的发展。3．accompany
[教材P11原句] As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.
因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。
(1)vt.陪伴；陪同；伴随……发生accompany sb.＝ keep sb. company 陪伴某人
accompany sb. to a place 陪某人到某地
be accompanied by ... 由……伴奏/陪同；附/带/配有①They required that I should accompany them on the trip.
＝ They required that I should keep them company on the trip.
他们要求我陪他们作这次旅行。
②Mom asked me to the supermarket.
妈妈要我陪同她去超市。
③The strong winds are accompanied by heavy rain. The little boy is helpless in the rain.
狂风夹着暴雨，小男孩在雨中很无助。
[点津] accompany后不带复合宾语，即没有accompany sb. to do sth.的搭配。accompany her to(2)vt.伴奏；为……伴奏④The singer was the piano by a famous pianist.
由一位著名钢琴家为这位歌手作钢琴伴奏。accompanied on4．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
[教材P11原句] She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare ...
她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到他一本正经地说……declare that 宣布
declare sb./sth. (to be) 宣布某人/物是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战①She declared that it was a waste of time talking to him.
她声称与他交谈是浪费时间。
②Soon they will declare her the owner of the house.
很快他们就会宣布她为房子的主人。
③He the plan at the meeting, which surprised us all.
在会议上他声称反对这项计划，这使我们很吃惊。declared againstdeclare, announce[自填助记]
①The area has been a national park.
②Everyone was silent as he the winner of the competition.declaredannounced5．envy
[教材P12原句] What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
这是一个多么让那些女人妒忌的甜蜜胜利啊！
(1)vt.妒忌；羡慕①She always envies me (for) my curly hair.
她总是羡慕我的一头卷发。
②I such a happy family.
我羡慕你有一个这么幸福的家庭。envy you having(2)n.妒忌；羡慕；妒忌的对象；羡慕的目标eel envy at/of 对……妒忌
out of envy 出于妒忌
with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地
be/become the envy of 成为……妒忌或羡慕的目标③He spoke ill of Bruce , which made Bruce unhappy.
出于妒忌，他说了布鲁斯的坏话，这使得布鲁斯很不高兴。
④They looked with envy at Tom's new car, which became the envy of all the neighbours.
他们羡慕地看着汤姆的新车，这已经成为所有邻居妒忌的对象了。out of envy点此进入1．experiment 用……做实验；试验；验证
2．test 试验；考验
3． rather 更确切地说
4．reach 伸手去够
5． wonder 惊奇地；疑惑地on/withoutorforwith6．ring 给……打电话
7．turn 转向；回转
8．fall 从……上掉下来
9．leave ... 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和
……单独在一起uparoundoffalone1．test out试验；考验
[教材P11原句] It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
它将由拉里的妻子克莱尔试验。①The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
大学生们将对电脑程序进行彻底检验，看有没有故障。
②The new product before it was put into market.
这种新产品经过试验后才进入市场。had been tested out(1)test sb. on sth. 在……方面测试某人
test sth. on sb./sth. 在……身上试验……
test sb. for sth. 为某事检查某人
(2)take a test in/for 参加……考试/测试③This new kind of medicine is tested on animals first.
这种新药首先被用在动物身上做试验。
④Tens of thousands of people government officers every year.
每年成千上万的人们参加公务员考试。take a test for2．ring up给……打电话
[教材P11原句] When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.
当站柜台的售货员对她粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。
①If this man rings up for me again, don't put him through.
要是这个人再给我打电话，不要接。
②Last evening I was rung up by an old friend whom I had not heard of for years.
昨晚一位老朋友打电话给我，我很多年没听到他的消息了。(1)ring sb. up ＝ call sb. up 给某人打电话
ring back ＝ call back 回电话
ring off 挂断电话
(2)hang up ＝ ring off挂断电话
hang on ＝ wait a moment别挂断电话③I have to now because my friend is waiting for me.
我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。
④I have something important to tell you.Please
for a moment.
我有要事要告诉你，请不要挂断电话。ring off/hang uphang on3．turn around/round转向；回转
[教材P11原句] As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身去，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
①I turned around to see if anyone was following me.
我转过身去看是否有人在跟踪我。
②Though the situation looks gloomy it will eventually turn round.
尽管形势看起来不好，但最终会好转的。turn down 调低；拒绝
turn up 开大；调大；出现
turn in 上交；交还
turn out 结果是；证明；生产；出现；在场
turn to 求助于；翻到(某页)；致力于
turn away 把……打发走
turn over 翻过来；翻转③He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝了。
④Thousands of people to watch yesterday's match against Ireland.
数以万计的人到现场观看与爱尔兰的那场比赛。
⑤He didn't know who to .
他不知道向谁求助。turned outturn to4．leave ... alone不管；别惹；让……一个待着；和……单
独在一起
[教材P12原句] She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.
她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。
①I've told you to leave my things alone.
我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西。
②She's asked to be left alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere.
她要求一个人待着，但是摄影记者到处跟着她。[点津] leave alone同let alone。但let alone还有“更不用说”之意。leave ...aside 搁置一边；不予考虑
leave ...behind 忘了带；遗忘；将……抛在后面；
留下(某人或某物)
leave for ... 动身去……
leave off 停止；中断
leave out 遗漏；省去；不提及③You've the most important word in this sentence.
你在这一句中漏掉了最重要的一个词。
④Let's start again from where we .
让我们从中断处重新开始。left outleft off1．[句型展示] His name was Tony and he seemed more like a
human than a machine.
他的名字叫托尼，他看起来与其说像一台机器，倒不如说像一个人。
[典例背诵]
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本词典。2．[句型展示] It was disturbing and frightening that
he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
[典例背诵]
It is not clear whether she can be elected president.
她能否当选总统还不清楚。3．[句型展示] As she turned around, there stood
Gladys Claffern.
她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
[典例背诵]
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
那座山顶上有一座寺庙。4．[句型展示] But even though Tony had been so clever, he
would have to be rebuilt — you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，还得对他作一番改造——总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
[典例背诵]
The two cheats had their lights burning all night long.
那两个骗子让灯亮了一整夜。1．His name was Tony and he seemed like a human
a machine.
他的名字叫托尼，他看起来与其说像一台机器，倒不如说像一个人。
more ... than ...与其说……(后者)，倒不如说……(前者)
①He is more a scholar than a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是个学者。
②The boy is lazy stupid.
与其说这男孩笨倒不如说他懒。morethanmorethanmore than 多于；不止；不仅仅是；非常；很
no more than 只有；仅仅(＝only)
not more than 至多
not more ... than ... 不及……；不如……
no more ... than ... 和……一样不……③A robot is more than a toy for children.
机器人不只是孩子们的玩具。
④Jack is no more diligent than Tom.
杰克和汤姆一样都不勤奋。
⑤She is a girl of 18.
她是一个至多18岁的姑娘。not more than 2．But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have
to be rebuilt — you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，还得对他作一番改造——总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
1)have sb. doing sth.表示“让某人做某事”，是“have＋名词＋
现在分词”组成的复合结构。其中现在分词作宾语补足语，表示持续的动作或状态。①Don't have the light burning like that.
不要让灯那样总在亮着。
②You may freely on grassland.
在草原上你可以让马自由驰骋。have your horse running2)have的其他常见搭配
(1)have sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，在本结构中不定
式作宾语补足语，指一次性的具体的动作。
(2)have sth. done表示“请人做某事”或“使……遭遇(某种
不幸)”，其中过去分词表示被动动作。
(3)have sth. to do表示“(主语)有某事要做”，其中have作
“有”讲；不定式作定语，常用主动形式。③My mother had me post the letter at once.
妈妈要我立即将信寄出去。
④I in the street.
我在街上修了我的手表。had my watch repaired课件39张PPT。语篇理解课时跟踪检测Unit 2Section Ⅲ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实Ⅰ.Read the text and then choose the best answers.
1．Who was Isaac Asimov?
A．An American scientist and writer who got his PhD in
physics in 1948.
B．A Russian scientist and writer who married twice.
C．A Russian-American writer and scientist who became
a full-time writer in 1958.
D．An American-Russian writer and scientist who had
two children.2．What was Asimov best known for?
A．His mystery stories.
B．His science fiction stories.
C．His science and history books.
D．His books about the Holy Bible and Shakespeare.3．Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A．Asimov's talent for writing became obvious at the
age of 12.
B．He began having his stories published in science
fiction magazines in 1939.
C．He published his first novel in 1950.
D．He published his first science book in 1953.4．In which book did Asimov develop a set of three
“laws” for robots?
A．The Foundation trilogy.
B．I, Robot.
C．In his first novel.
D．In his first science book.5．What might happen in the world where there were
robots if Asimov's three laws didn't exist?
A．Maybe robots will harm or injure human beings.
B．Maybe robots will disobey human beings.
C．Maybe robots will control the world.
D．All of the above.
答案：1～5 CBABDⅡ.Read the text carefully and fill in the form.
A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOVNew Yorkcandyjuniortaughtscience andhistoryscience fiction:(一)词义匹配
1．digital a．using a system in which information is
recorded or sent out electronically in the
form of number, usually ones and zeros
2．talent b．a feeling of liking and caring about someone
or something
3．affection c．the story of a person's life written by sb. else4．staff d．the people who work for an organization,
especially a school or business
5．biography e．to end your marriage to sb. legally
6．divorce f．a natural ability to do sth. well
7．bound g．certain or likely to happen, to do or be sth.
答案：1.a 2.f 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.e 7.g(二)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
8． n．收件人；接收机；电话听筒→ vt.收到
9． vt.& vi.服从；顺从→ vt.& vi.(反义词)不服从；
违抗
10． n．想象(力)；创造力→ vt.想象；料
想；猜想
11． adj.理论上的；假设的→ n．理论
12． n．评价；评定→ v．评价；评定
13． adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n.年少者；
晚辈；等级较低者→ (反义词) adj.资格较老的；地位
较高的 n．较年长者receiverreceiveobeydisobeyimaginationimaginetheoreticaltheoryassessmentassessjuniorsenior1．bound
[教材P15原句] Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble?
谁说把机器人造得这么像人一定会引起麻烦？be/feel bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound by sth. 受某事约束
be bound up with/in sth. 与某事密切相关/忙于某事①If you can't get on well with your classmates, it's bound to affect your study.
如果你和同学们相处不好，这肯定会影响你的学习。
②We what we can to help the disabled.
我们有义务尽力帮助残疾人。
③Henry's problems his mother's death when he was ten.
亨利的问题与他10岁时母亲就去世了有关系。are bound to do are bound up with(2)adj.正旅行去……的；准备到……的④He missed the express train (that/which was) bound for Shanghai.
他错过了那辆开往上海的快车。2．junior
(1)adj.较年幼的；地位较低的
①He held a junior position in the company.
他在这家公司担任低级职务。②He is three years junior to me.
＝ He me by three years.
他比我小三岁。is junior to(2)n.年少者；晚辈；等级、地位较低者
③Of the two officers, James is the junior.
在两位官员中，詹姆斯是年龄较小的那位。④She is four years my junior.
＝ She is my junior by four years.
＝ She is junior to me .
她比我小四岁。by four years[点津] junior, senior, superior等本身含有比较的意味，故没有比较级和最高级；表示比较时，不与than而与to搭配。
⑤Though Jack looks younger than Ann, he's senior to her.
虽然杰克看上去比安年轻，但他比她年长。3．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干
[教材P16原句] It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.
早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。
①Writing poems is one of his many talents.
写诗是他很多才华中的一个。have a talent for 对……有天赋；拥有……天赋
show a talent for 表现出……才能
talented adj. 有才能的；聪颖的②My brother music when he was very young.
我弟弟在很小的时候就表现出音乐才能。
③He has a talent for singing at an early age.
很小的时候，他就有唱歌的天赋。
④She is as well as a photographer.
她不但是位摄影师，还是位天才艺术家。
[点津] talent的同义词是gift; talented的同义词是gifted。showed a talent fora talented artist1．feel pity sb. 同情某人
2．set 将……放在一边；为……
节省或保留(钱或时间)
3．at time 曾经；一度
4．be attached 喜欢；依恋
5． all 一共；总计
6．be to do 一定做……forasideoneintobound7． the present and the past 在现在和过去
8． a result (of) 作为(……的)结果
9．help (sb.) 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
10．gain/receive a master's degree chemistry
获得化学硕士学位
11． sb./sth.seriously 认真对待某人/某事物
12．as as 只要inouttakelongasin1．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
[教材P13原句] He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.
当老板说他可以抽出些时间来锻炼身体时，他感到很高兴。
①She tries to set aside some money every month.
她每个月都尽量存点钱。
②Try to set aside half an hour every day for something you really enjoy doing.
每天争取留出半小时做你自己真正喜欢做的事情。set down 记下；放下
set off 出发；动身；启程；使……爆炸
set up 建起；设置；安排
set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)
set about doing sth. 着手做某事③I have set down everything that happened.
我已将发生的每件事记了下来。
④We the whole house but finished only the front part.
我们开始粉刷整座房子，但只完成了前面的部分
[点津] set out与set about都有“开始/着手做某事”之意，但搭配不同。前者后接不定式，后者后接动名词。set out to paint2．in all一共；总计
[教材P14原句] There were sixty in all.
总共有60人。
①There were in all a hundred persons present.
共计有100人参加。
②The tickets we had bought numbered twelve in_all.
我们总共买了12张票。above all 首先；首要的是(强调地位上的重要性)
first of all 首先(强调顺序)
after all 毕竟；终究
at all 根本；丝毫
all in all 总的说来③First of all, let them introduce themselves to us.
首先，让他们向我们作自我介绍。
④Don't be too hard on him. , he is only 6 years old.
不要对他太苛刻。毕竟他才6岁。After all1．[句型展示] While some owners were firm with their
robot's suggestions, others would turn around and walk out of the shop, feeling embarrassed.
有些主人坚信他们的机器人的建议，而另一些主人会尴尬地转身走出商店。
[典例背诵]
Boys are good at maths while girls are good at language.
男孩擅长数学，而女孩擅长语言。2．[句型展示] Among his most famous works of science
fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951～1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
在他那些最著名的科幻作品中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951～1953)，由三本小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡和再生。
[典例背诵]
The number 2008 is a special number, one I think that will be remembered by all the Chinese.
数字“2008”是一个将被所有中国人记住的特别的数字。3．[句型展示] Use a clear simple style as if you were
writing to younger students in your school.
运用简洁明了的写作风格，就好像你是写给你们学校中低年级的学生那样。
[典例背诵]
She talks as if/though she knew all about it.
她说话的口气就好像这件事她全都知道了。Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951～1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future.
在他那些最著名的科幻作品中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951～1953)，由三本小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡和再生。
one作同位语，代替上文提到的科幻作品(his most famous works of science fiction)中的一部作品。①Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I'll always treasure.
所有这些年过后见到我叔叔是一个令人难忘的时刻，一个我会永远珍惜的时刻。
②A bridge made of stone lasts longer than one made of wood.
石桥比木桥使用时间长。it, one, that, those[自填助记]
①She has no watch, so I want to buy for her.
②There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy for her.
③The weather here is colder than in China.
④These books are better than on the shelf.onethatthoseit课件25张PPT。Section ⅣUnit 2语法讲座写作讲座知识必备专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习被动语态(Ⅰ)：动词不定式的被动式 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般使用被动式。一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.
下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.
对他们似乎并没有造成损害。[考题印证1]1－1(2012·山东高考)George returned after the war, only
________ that his wife had left him.
A．to be told B．telling
C．being told D．told
解析：选 考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。如果用动词-ing形式，则表示意料之中的结果。A1－2(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start, but next, more
work needs ________ to achieve the final success.
A．being done B．do
C．to be done D．to do
解析：选 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经有了一个好的开端，但是为实现最后的胜利，接下来还有很多的工作要做。need在此意为“需要”， sth. need doing，相当于sth. need to be done，意为“……需要被做”。C二、动词不定式被动式的用法
(1)作主语
It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.
能被选上做志愿者，真是一件荣幸的事情。
(2)作表语
The task is to be finished by next month.
这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
(3)作宾语
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.
那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(4)作宾语补足语
He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.
他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
(5)作定语
He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.
他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
(6)作状语
His mother left the small village, never to be seen again.
他母亲离开了那个小村庄，再也没人见过她。[考题印证2](2012·重庆高考)We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A．to be made B．being made
C．made D．having been made
解析：选 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的“We're having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，排除B、C、D项。故选A项。A三、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的常见结构
(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾
关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
I'll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to post?
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)(2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，
句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
This problem is difficult to solve.
这个问题很难解决。
(3)在too ... to ...; enough ... to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑
主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
这本书太贵，我买不起。(4)在there be ...句型中，当动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，
用主动形式，重点在人；用被动形式，重点在物。
There is no time to lose (to be lost)．(用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost，重点在时间。)
(5)be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
谁应为引发火灾负责？[考题印证3](2011·安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ______ into small pieces.
A．break B．breaking
C．broken D．to break
解析：选 考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。be＋easy/difficult ... 后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案为D项。D想象类作文 电影《哈利波特》受到人们的普遍欢迎，创造了很高的票房纪录，成为电影业的奇迹，全世界的孩子都为哈利波特的魔力着迷。现在假设你是哈利波特，你将怎样用你的魔法对付以下问题？
1．残酷的战争；2.濒危动物；3.环境污染。
注意：1.词数120左右；2.充分发挥自己的想象力，注意行文连贯。 I am Harry Potter, a boy with magical powers. ①I regard myself as a guard of the earth. ②To create a peaceful and friendly world for human beings is my duty.
③First of all, I will make use of my magic to bring all the cruel wars to an end. ④Let all the people no longer suffer from the wounds and death caused by wars. ⑤Let peace ring at every corner of the world. ⑥In addition, I will raise people's awareness of saving endangered animals. ⑦As long as we learn to protect animals, we will understand how to give our love to others.
⑧Finally, I will rely on my magic to solve the environmental pollution. ⑨The earth is the only home of us human beings. ⑩Only by making great efforts can we make the earth a better place to live in.
?Please join me in this action. ?Let's work together to build a bright future!本文分五段。第一段作简单自我介绍；二、三、四段为文章主体部分，根据写作要求，叙述细节；第五段为结尾部分，号召人们加入自己的行动，共创美好的未来。(1)句③⑥⑧使用了First of all, In addition, Finally等过渡词，使行文脉络清晰，过渡自然。
(2)句①②③④⑤⑥⑧使用了regard ... as ..., create, bring ... to an end, suffer from, ring, raise people's awareness, rely on等高级词汇，彰显了作者扎实的语言功底。
(3)句⑦⑩状语从句和倒装句的应用体现了作者具有较强的驾驭语言能力。如何写想象类作文
想象类作文在高考中的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等，并要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象。因此此类文章的写作属于半开放式、创造性的写作。半开放式作文也是近几年高考书面表达的一个热点。
1．写作步骤
首先，要从实际生活出发，借助已有的知识，展开合理的、丰富的想象。其次，内容要具体，根据题目的要求和提
示，围绕主题想象相关的材料，材料越丰富充实，文章才会越生动，切忌说空话。 2．注意事项
写作时应注意时态及人称的合理运用，还应注意表达方式的多样性和内容安排的层次性。写作时要注意角色的换位，即改变一个人的身份，使其变成另外一种身份，突破现实与环境的局限，自由通畅地来表达自己的想法。使用一些较高级词汇和较复杂的句式或表达。[黄金表达]1．With the development of ..., people have to/our life will be ...
2．In the future, ... are sure to become ...
3．At that time people will have ...
4．To solve this problem, scientists have/will ...
5．Moreover, scientists will ...
6．Considering that ..., people will ...
7．According to ... needs, it can ...
8．In addition/Besides, it can also ...
