课件26张PPT。Unit 4Section ⅠStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5Do you know the Peace Corps and what the Peace Corps volunteers do?
Read the following passage to get the answer.
President John F. Kennedy began the program, Peace Corps, in 1961. The Peace Corps sends American volunteers to provide technical assistance in education and other areas in developing countries. Amanda Pease is one of almost 40 volunteers serving in rural schools in Sierra Leone.
Ms. Pease teaches science at Saint Joseph's, a high school in eastern Sierra Leone. She studied chemical engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles. She decided to serve for two years in the Peace Corps after she finished her degree. “I was trying to decide between going the academic (学术的) route and doing a postdoctoral (博士后) degree and go into industry, and then I had been doing some volunteer work and the idea was always floating around，” she says.
Peace Corps volunteers left Sierra Leone in 1994 because of civil war. But now they are back.
Science teachers are in especially short supply. Efforts in Sierra Leone to get more children through primary school have led to crowded high schools. Amanda Pease is the only chemistry and physics teacher at her school. She says she has to work hard to get
students more interested in learning, as she thought they would be.
“I had sort of a romantic idea coming to a developing country where everyone is super motivated but just does not have opportunities, and that is not exactly how it is. Not that I am saying the opportunities are so great, because of course there are limited opportunities if you compare it to America, but I think one of the biggest things is literally just motivation，” she says. What she loves best about her experience, she says, is the magical moment when students understand a chemical process or ask her for more exercises.
More than 8,000 Peace Corps volunteers are currently serving around the world. Volunteers become part of the community where they work and live.1．Look at the following pictures and fill in the blanks.2．What do the volunteers do?3．The picture is the sign for Chinese Young
Volunteers Association. Now you can try
your best to match the meaning of each
part to the divided signs.
①The heart stands for A．help
②The hand stands for B．love and care
③The dove stands for C．peace
④The letter “Y” stands for D．young
答案：①～④ BACD1．Read the text quickly and complete the main idea of it.
The text is a letter written by Jo, a young volunteer who teaches in a(n) ________ school in a poor mountainous village.She writes of her experiences as a teacher and her ________ to the village where one of her students lives.
答案：high; visit2．Read the text and then match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Paragraph 1) A. Jo and Jenny visited Tombe's
home in the village.
Part 2 (Paragraph 2～3) B. Closing of the letter.
Part 3 (Paragraph 4～8) C. The school where Jo worked and
Jo's work at school.
Part 4 (Paragraph 9) D. Opening of the letter and
introduction to what will be
talked about in the passage.
答案：Part 1：D；Part 2：C；Part 3：A；Part 4：B1．Read the text and then choose the best answers.
(1)Jo wrote the letter to her friend to ________.
A．encourage her friend to come to Papua New Guinea
B．share some photos she took in Papua New Guinea
C．describe her work experience in Papua New Guinea
D．introduce Papua New Guinea to her friend(2)The boys jumped out of the windows in the chemistry class
because they________.
A．didn't like doing chemistry experiments
B．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
C．wanted to ask someone else for help
D．couldn't stand the smell of the mixture(3)Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids?
A．Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B．Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference
to the kids' life.
C．Because the kinds there hardly come across anything of
chemistry.
D．Because she thinks chemistry useless.(4)What can we learn about the school?
A．It is located in a bush.
B．Its buildings are round.
C．It is very dark inside.
D．It is far from most students' homes.(5)Why did Tombe throw the leftover food out of the hut?
A．He disliked the leftover food.
B．It was too dry to eat.
C．He believed leftovers attracted evil spirits.
D．He always wasted food.
答案：(1)～(5) CBBDC2．Read the text carefully and fill in the form.bambootextbooksgrasswindowsdoorwaycentrejarsfireemptybananaleftovernighthutachingshakingbushelectricitywater,equipmenta long wayget to knowtwo and a half hours'bamboosticking outdoorway,adjustprivilegeVolunteers will not get paid, not because the work they do is worthless, but priceless. What voluntary work have you done? If not, what will you do in the future?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________答案：I feel very embarrassed for I haven't done any kind of voluntary work. But if I have chance to do this kind of work, I will try my best. For example, I will help the old clean their houses or do some other household work for them, because it can not only help others but also make my life colorful.课件48张PPT。课时跟踪检测Unit 4Section Ⅱ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实(一)词义配对
1．remote A．an idea or a principle that is
connected with sth.
2．concept B．far away from places where
other people live
3．privilege C．a person whose job is to
translate what sb.is saying into
another language4．interpreter D．used to state what the result would
be if sth.did not happen or if the
situation were different
5．otherwise E．to change slightly to make
something work better
6．adjust F．a special right or advantage that a
particular person or group of
people have
答案：1～6 BAFCDE(二)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
7． adj.& adv.每周的/地→ adj.& adv.每月的/地
→ adj.& adv.每年的地→ adj.& adv.
每天的/地
8． adj.有关的；切题的→ n. 关联
9． n. 安排；排列→ v．安排
10． vi.参与；参加→ n．参与；参加
11． n．矩形；长方形→ adj. 长方形的；
矩形的
12． adj.泥泞的；泥土般的→ n．泥；泥泞weeklymonthlyyearlydailyrelevantrelevancearrangementarrangeparticipateparticipationrectanglerectangularmuddymud1．relevant adj.有关的；切题的
[教材P29原句] Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students ...
有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些学生究竟有多大的用处……be relevant to 和……有关①That point is highly relevant to the discussion.
那一点和这次讨论内容的关系密切。
②He gave us a lot of details which were not quite relevant to the subject.
他给了我们很多不太切题的细节。relevance n． 关联；相关性
relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地
irrelevant adj. 无关的；不切题的
irrelevance n. 不相干；无关紧要2．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
[教材P30原句] The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应……
adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于……
adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应于……①Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
②It took her a while living alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
③We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快适应新生活。to adjust to(1)adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的
(2)adjustment n. 调节；调整；校正
make adjustments to 对……作出调整④One advantage of the car is that the height of its seat is adjustable.
这辆车的一个优点是它车座的高度可以调节。
⑤We must make some adjustments to our original plan because of emergencies.
由于紧急情况，我们必须对我们最初的计划作一些调整。3．participate vi.参与；参加
[教材P30原句] I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation.
我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，虽然我无法参与到他们的对话中去。
①Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.
全班同学都应该积极参与这些讨论。
②She participated with her friend in his sufferings.
她分担朋友的痛苦。③participate 参加
④participate sb. sth. 同某人参与某事inwithinattend, join, take part in, participate in[自填助记]
①All the students cleaning the street.
②Her wish is to the army after graduation.
③They will an important meeting tomorrow.
④Shen Hong and Liang Yujie the 16th Asian Games and won the 1,000th gold medal for Chinese team.participated injoinattendtook part in4．otherwise conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面
[教材P30原句] Otherwise they don't waste anything.
除此以外，他们不浪费任何东西。
①We must hurry; otherwise we'll miss the train.
我们必须快点，不然就赶不上火车了。
②We told her to do it this way but she did it .
我们让她这样做，可她却用别的方法做。otherwiseor otherwise 或相反；或其反面
but otherwise 然而在别的方面却or otherwise 或相反；或其反面
but otherwise 然而在别的方面却
③There will be no surprises — pleasant or otherwise.
不会有什么意想不到的事，不论是令人愉快的还是令人不快的。
④He is slow, but otherwise he is a good worker.
他虽慢，但在其他方面却是个好工人。[点津] (1)作副词表示“否则；要不然”时，可位于句首、句中或句末。
(2)作连词时，可用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型。
(3)可作为含蓄条件句的标志词之一，用在虚拟语气中，相当于or, or else。
⑤Thank you for your help! Otherwise, we
our task on time.
多谢你的帮助！不然的话，我们是不可能按时完成任务的。would not havefinished1．hear 接到……的信
2．(be) dying 极想；渴望
3．come 偶然遇到或发现；碰见
4．stick 伸出
5．dry (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透fromtoacrossoutout6．dry (指河流、井等)干涸
7．the day 不久前的一天
8．participate 参加；参与
9．shake hands sb. 与某人握手
10．be made 由……制成upotherinwithof1．hear from接到……的信
[教材P29原句] It was wonderful to hear from you.
收到你的信真是太高兴了。
①Have you heard from Charles recently? I miss him.
你最近收到查理斯的来信了吗？我想他了。
[点津] hear from后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接letter作它的宾语。hear from sb.相当于receive sb.'s letter收到某人的来信。hear about/of 听到关于……的消息；听说
hear sb.do sth. 听见某人做了某事
hear sb.doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
hear that ... 听说……②I have never a man with the name John.
我从来没听说过一个名叫约翰的人。
③We were all sorry to hear that Samaranch, the former International Olympic Committee President，died of a heart disease.
听说前国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇因心脏病去世，我们都很难过。
[点津] hear后可以接“宾语＋过去分词”，过去分词表示被动意义。
④I heard an English song sung by her just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。heard of2．(be) dying to极想；渴望
[教材P29原句] I know you're dying to hear all about my life here，so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.
我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。我在信中附有几张照片，能够帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。①I'm thirsty; I'm dying to have a cup of
tea.
我很渴，我很想喝杯茶。
②These fans the famous film star face to face.
这些影迷极想和这位电影明星面对面。are dying to see(1)be dying for/to do sth.极想/渴望(做)某事；迫切想
要(做)某事
(2)同义表达还有：
be eager for/to do sth.
be thirsty for sth.
desire to do sth.
have a strong desire for sth.
long for/to do sth.③She was dying/eager/thirsty for a holiday to relax herself.
她非常渴望一个假期来放松一下自己。
④Out of curiosity, I'm eager to know the truth.
出于好奇，我渴望知道事情真相。3．the other day不久前的一天；那天(用于说话前不久
的日子)
[教材P29原句] The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！①The daughter of a friend of mine got married the other day.
我一个朋友的女儿几天前结婚了。
②I came across my college teacher in the Friendship Department Store the other day.
不久前的一天我在友谊百货大楼偶然遇见了我的大学老师。the other day, one day, some day, another day[自助填记]
①He suggested we leave the rest of this work for .
②Your dream will come true . Be confident!
③ a short man saw a tall man on a bridge.
④We received a letter from Kim and he told us he got on well with his job.another daysome dayOne daythe other day4．dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
[教材P30原句] Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.
汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。
①The hot sun is drying the ground out, and the crops can't grow.
骄阳使土地干涸，庄稼无法生长。
②Don't leave the bread on the table; it will dry out.
不要把面包放在桌上，它会变干的。dry out, dry up[自填助记]
①The lakes and wells all during the drought.
②Water the plants regularly, never letting the soil .dried updry out1．[句型展示] The other day I was showing the boys the
weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
有一天，我正给孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！
[典例背诵]
I was walking in the street yesterday afternoon when I met my English teacher.
昨天下午我正在街上散步，这时我碰到了我的英语老师。2．[句型展示] But last weekend another teacher, Jenny,
and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。
[典例背诵]
He does realize the importance of English after he goes abroad.
出国后，他确实意识到了英语的重要性。3．[句型展示] We walked for two and a half hours to get
there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。
[典例背诵]
We finally reached the end of the island, from where we could see as far as Japan.
我们终于走到了岛的尽头，从那里我们居然能看到日本。4．[句型展示] When hot, he placed them in an empty oil
drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn and greens.
燃烧(石头)之后，他把石头放进一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜。
[典例背诵]
When in trouble, she always goes to her teacher for help.
她有困难时总找老师帮忙。1．But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a
village which is the home of one of the boys，Tombe.
不过，上周末我和另外一位叫詹妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是我的学生汤贝的家。
did visit ...属于“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成的强调句型。这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，不用于否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，并且表达更为客气的语气。①He does know the place well.
他的确很熟悉这个地方。
②He here yesterday.
他昨天的确来过这里。
③Do write to me when you get there.
你到那儿后务必给我来信。did come2．We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first
up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。
句中from where引导定语从句。where是副词，相当于“介词＋关系代词”。from where比where更生动、形象。①She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
她登上山顶，从山顶上她可以一览全镇的风光。(where ＝ on the top of the hill)
②Alice stood at the window, she could watch her classmates playing football.
Alice站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。(where ＝ at the window)from where[点津] from which中的which指的是一个地点名词；from where中的where指的是一个地点状语。
③China is the birthplace of kites, from which kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。课件40张PPT。语篇理解课时跟踪检测Unit 4Section Ⅲ语言点一语言点二语言点三识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实识记掌握理解拓展应用落实Ⅰ.Read the text and then choose the best answers.
1．What is the most expensive gift in the list?
A．A well and water pump.
B．Twenty tree seedlings.
C．A truck library.
D．School books.
2．When you want to give child vaccinations against 6
killer diseases, you must send ________.
A．$50 B．$20
C．$8 D．$853．The purpose of the Internet Page is to ________.
A．let people give an unusual gift to the poor
B．let people get an unusual card
C．let people learn something useful
D．let people make money
4．You can use the card for the following occasions except
________.
A．anniversaries B．birthdays
C．burials D．weddings5．Where can you probably read the article?
A．In the newspaper. B．In the magazine.
C．On TV. D．On the Internet.
答案：1～5 ABACDⅡ.Read the text carefully and fill in the form.poorestin needseedlings,trunkcard(一)根据英文释义及首字母提示写出单词
1． a person who travels in a spacecraft
2． yearly return of the date of an event,
celebration of this
3． part of a plant from which a new plant of the
same kind can grow
4． to make a slight short sound
5． private or specialized hospitalastronautanniversaryseedclickclinic(二)根据词性和汉语意思写出单词
6． vt.捐赠→ n．捐献；捐赠→
n．捐赠者
7． adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→
n．志愿者
8． n．公牛→ (pl.)
9． adj.政治的；政党的→ n．政治donatedonationdonatorvoluntaryvolunteeroxoxenpoliticspolitical10． vt.分配；分发→ n．分配；分
发；分布状态
11． vi.工作；运转 vt. 操作→ n．操作；
手术
12． vt.& n．买；购买→ n．买方；
购买者
13． n．安全；保护；保障→ adj.安全的；
可靠的distributedistributionoperateoperationpurchasepurchasersecuritysecure1．donate vt.捐赠
[教材P34原句] Would you like to donate an unusual gift?
你是否想要捐献一份特殊的礼物？(1)donate ... to ... 把……捐赠给……
donate blood/organs 献血/捐器官
(2)donation [C] 捐赠物
[U] 捐赠；赠送
make a donation/donations to ... 向……捐赠
(3)donator n. 捐赠者①It is reported that Zhang Ziyi has donated a large sum of money to charity.
据报道章子怡已向慈善机构捐赠了一大笔钱。
②All the teachers and schoolmates to the nation annually.
全校师生每年都向国家献血。
③The businessman made a donation of a lot of money to my school.
那个商人给我校捐了很多钱。donate blood2．purchase
[教材P34原句] When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.
你选购一份礼物时，我们都会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。
(1)vt.买；购买purchase sth.(from sb.) (向某人)购买……①Where did you purchase your new coat? It looks good you.
你在哪儿买的这件新外套？穿在你身上很漂亮。
②You can purchase the equipment from the local supplier.
你可以向当地的供应商购买这种设备。(2)n.[C，U]买；购买； [C]购买的东西③You simply use your card .
只要用银行卡就直接购买东西。to make a purchase3．distribute vt.分配；分发
①The young man distributed leaflets to passers-by.
这个年轻人向行人分发传单。
②The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老师把学生分成三组。③distribute sth.to/among
④ 把……分成……distribute ...into ... 把某物分配/发给……4．operate
[教材P35原句] This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.
这份礼物包含了支援贫困或偏远山村社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。
(1)vi.工作；运转；动手术operate well/badly 运转/经营好/坏
operate on sb.(for sth.) (因……)给某人动手术①Some people can only operate well under pressure.
有些人在压力下才工作得好。
②We'll have to the little girl without delay.
我们得立刻给这个小女孩动手术。operate on(2)vt.操作；经营
③Young as he is, he operates the company very well.
尽管他很年轻，却把公司经营得很好。
④The man who can't operate a machine.
开工厂的那个人不会操作机器。operates a factoryoperation n． 运作；运转；操作
do/perform an operation on sb. (for sth.)
(因……)给某人做手术
be in operation 在经营中；在运转中
come into operation 开始工作；生效
put sth.into operation 使……开始运作⑤The school has been in operation for many years.
这个学校已建校多年了。1．fall in love 爱上
2．be married sb. 和某人结婚
3．find 查明；弄清(情况)
4．have knowledge 了解……
5．do some research 研究……
6．bring hope ... 为……带来希望withtooutofonto7． need 在困难中；在危急中
8． hungry 挨饿
9．provide oneself 自给自足
10．become aware 意识到……
11．benefit 受益于……ingoforoffromin need在困难中；在危急中
[教材P34原句] Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上最穷苦的人，给急需帮助的社区带去改善未来的希望。①We are collecting money for families in need.
我们正在为有困难的家庭募捐。
②Is he often offered help when he is in need of help?
他需要帮助的时候，有人经常主动提供帮助吗？
③They will offer more books to satisfy/meet the students' needs.
他们将提供更多的书来满足学生的需求。
④There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
你明天不必早起。⑤in need of ...
⑥satisfy/meet one‘s needs
⑦There is no need to do sth. 需要……满足某人的需要没必要干某事1．[句型展示] She was dying to see him again but what if
he didn't want to see her?
她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
[典例背诵]
What if we can't finish the work tomorrow?
要是我们明天完不成作业怎么办？2．[句型展示] The gift you give is not something your
loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有需要的人的一项生活上的无偿捐助。
[典例背诵]
I found that high school life is not so boring, but colorful.
我发现高中生活并不是那么索然无味，而是多姿多彩。3．[句型展示] Just 20% more produce will mean the
difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.
仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康，家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
[典例背诵]
Do you know the boy swimming in the river?
你认识那个在河里游泳的男孩吗？4．[句型展示] They are easy and fun for children to
care for.
孩子们照看它们既轻松又有趣。
[典例背诵]
These questions are difficult for little children to reply to.
这些问题对小孩子们而言很难回答。1．She was dying to see him again but what if he didn't
want to see her?
她渴望再见他一面，但是如果他不想见她怎么办？
句中what ＝ what should she do, if引导条件状语从句。what if意为“倘使……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”。①What if he gets angry? I'm a little worried.
倘若他生气该怎么办？我有点儿担心。
②We've already ordered a table. What if they do not come?
我们已经定好了位子。要是他们不来该怎么办呢？
③ this time? I can do it better next time.
即使这次我失败了又会怎么样？下次我能做得更好。
[点津] What if ...？可还原为What would happen if ...？此时须用虚拟语气； What if ...？也可还原为What does it matter if ...？这时则多用陈述语气。What if I failwhat for ... 为……目的
what about .../how about ……怎么样(表建议)
How come? 怎么回事？
So what? 那又怎么样？④ going to the cinema tonight? A new film is on show.
今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上演。
⑤—I hate you talking during our class.
——我讨厌你在课上说话。
—So what?
——那又怎样？What about2．Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between
sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.
仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
“going hungry” “providing for themselves”现在分词作定语，修饰名词“families”。
①Don't touch the boiling water, or you'll be burnt.
别碰那沸开的水，否则你会被烫伤的。②Make less noise.There's a sleeping child.
少弄出点噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。
③Those the club should sign here.
＝ Those who wish to join the club should sign here.
那些想加入这个俱乐部的应在这儿签字。wishing to join[点津] 现在分词与所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系。若与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词作后置定语。
④Everybody attended the meeting .
所有的人都参加了上星期举行的会议。held last week课件35张PPT。Section ⅣUnit 4语法讲座写作讲座知识必备专题练习佳作观摩技法指导专题练习限制性定语从句一、定语从句的相关概念
1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代
词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词，叫关系词。关系词分为关
系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：
(1)连接定语从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
5．限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的
关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7：50 am.
那些想去博物馆的人必须在早上7：50 前在大门口集合。
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你正在找的医生在房间里。
Nobody wants the house whose windows are all broken.
没有人想要窗户全坏的房子。
Jinan is a city which has a history of more than 2,000 years.
济南是一个拥有2 000多年悠久历史的城市。
The flowers that she received are from her boyfriend.
她收到的花是她男朋友送的。[考题印证1]1－1(2011·福建高考)She has a gift for creating an
atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
解析：选 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere 与修饰它的定语从句被 for her students 隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用 which引导。 A1－2(2011·新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer
________story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．what
解析： 选 考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系， 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。 C2．关系代词that和which的用法区别I have some books that are worth reading.
我有几本值得看的书。
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我想买的那本词典。Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
哪一件T恤最适合我？
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
你还记得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？
The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。[考题印证2](2011·山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small
houses______are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
解析：选 考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。D三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，关系代词可以用which, whose, whom，不可以用that。其选择依据如下：
1．根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。
I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。2．依据与先行词的搭配。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
3．根据所表达的意义。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。[考题印证3](2012·湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process
________ even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what
C．which D．in which
解析：选 考查定语从句。句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中最细小的细节也应该考虑在内。________ even the smallest details of life should be considered是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整，所以选关系副词；先行词是process，表抽象地点，所以选in which，相当于where。D四、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词when，why，where 在定语从句中分别作时间、原因、地点状语，且可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。
The day will come when (＝ on which) we'll win the final victory.
我们赢得最后胜利的日子将会到来。We know the place where (＝ in which) our teacher lives.
我们知道老师住的地方。
Do you know the reason why (＝ for which) he was so sorry?
你知道他那么难过的原因吗？
[点津] 当先行词为表示抽象的情形、局势、范围、处境、程度、状态等的词，如situation，stage，point等，且先行词在定语从句中作状语时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。[考题印证4]4－1(2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position ________
communication ability is just as important as sales.
A．which B．that
C．when D．where
解析：选 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。D4－2(2012·浙江高考)We live in an age ________ more
information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A．why B．when
C．to whom D．on which
解析：选 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when，故选B项。B五、定语从句中需注意的问题
1．当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来
引导，应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。
2．as 引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：
such＋名词＋as ...“像……一样的”；
the same ＋名词＋as ...“和……同样的”。3．当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导
定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲，应用when或“at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country.
这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。
This is at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。4．定语从句中的主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of＋复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very, the only, the first, the last, the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。
She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.
她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。人物描写 你们学校的英语校报最近开展了一次题为“My Favorite Teacher”的征文比赛。你计划报名参赛，写作对象是你的英语老师Mr Green，因为他课上得生动有趣，而且善于激发大家的思维，博得了同学们的喜爱。请你根据下列要点写一篇关于他的文章参加比赛：
1．简要描述他的外貌；2.喜欢他的原因。
注意：词数120～150；参考词汇：激发motivate。My Favorite Teacher
①Our English teacher Mr Green, only several years older than us, is a really special teacher.
②He is very tall and has a beard, which makes him look unusually serious. ③In fact, he is very kind and humorous. ④He seems born able to make his class full of laughter all the time, which explains why he is also called Magician. ⑤For example, during the class, he always has ways of giving us surprise, such as making a joke or singing a song and so on. ⑥So what he teaches comes natural to us. ⑦What's more, hecan easily cheer up one in low spirits. ⑧I used to be poor in English, but with the help of Mr Green I have made much progress and caught up with the class.
⑨He has been regarded as our friend we can turn to when we are in difficulty. ⑩Mr Green is indeed a good teacher to all of us.第一段用一句话点明了英语老师的与众不同。
第二段描述了英语老师的外貌以及喜欢他的原因。
第三段表达了对英语老师的评价和尊重。亮点一：③⑤⑥⑦句用了连接词in fact, for example, so, what's more使文章行文更加流畅。
亮点二：②④⑨句使用了定语从句，⑧句使用了并列句，使文章充实而富有特色。如何描写人物
人物描写包括人物的外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等方面，用于表现人物的精神面貌、揭露人物的内心活动、提示人物的性格变化，以突出作品的主题思想。此类写作要求抓住人物特征的具体细节进行描写，分清主次，可以采用先总体、后局部的描述顺序。即先总体介绍此人所具有的特点，然后对其局部的一些细节进行介绍，最后可以再作一些总结。另外，对于有些人物描写，我们也可以根据时间或事件发生的先后顺序进行介绍。 具体的写作技巧如下：
(1)选好描写的角度。必须考虑好站在第几人称的角度上写和从哪一点着手写。
(2)详略得当地描述。要能够抓住人物特点，按要求对人物进行描写，并要注意详略得当。
(3)准确生动地描述。描写人物时还要注意语言的准确生动性，可以灵活地使用一些主动句、被动句和with的复合结构以及从句等句式。同时，也要注意准确地使用一些动词、名词、形容词、副词以及介词词组等。[黄金表达](1)介绍人物的姓名、出身
She was born in Beijing On Oct. 12th, 1986.
She was a great woman with the name of ...
She was born to/into a poor/rich family.
(2)介绍家庭背景
His/Her family was so poor that ...
His/Her father was very strict with him/her ...(3)介绍教育背景
She was admitted to a famous university ...
She graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing University.
When at college, he majored in math.
(4)介绍人物喜好
He is interested in/is fond of/is crazy about music.
His favorite sport is playing basketball.(5)介绍人物生活态度
He works hard at/devotes his lifetime/himself to achieving his life goal.
He made up his mind to do the job well.
He tried his best to help others.
(6)评价人物
His hard work brought him great success.
He set a good example to us.
He was honored as a model worker.
He made great contributions to our country.
