定语从句（关系副词）
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定语从句复习笔记Part II（关系副词）
I: 定语从句的基本框架: “先行词+关系词+从句”关系词分为关系代词和关系副词.本单元关系副词包括：when，where，why这3个。其中关系词紧接着先行词,并起到以下3个作用: (关系词=连词+代词)指代之前出现的先行词起到连词的作用,连接两个句子在从句里面担任成分--状语定语从句中的关系副词我们接触的只有三个：when, where和why，可代替的先行词分别是时间、地点或理由的名词，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。（关系副词有时可以省略）■关系副词when的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )When先行词是时间名词，指时间，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。其结构为：“表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句。”如：Can you tell me the time when the film will start Can you tell me the time at which the film will start 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？ I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天，我永远不会忘记。 ■关系副词where的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )where先行词是地点名词，指地点，它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。其结果为：“表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句。”如：This is the school where I studied a few years ago. This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun. Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧，在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。 ■关系副词why的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )why指原因或理由 ，它的先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“for + which”。其结构为：“表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句”如：Do you know the reason why he is not here now Do you know the reason for which he is not here now 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？ (why只用于reason之后，并不能用于非限制性定语从句中。)关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，但一定要注意以下易错点：
1）不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。 到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，一定要注意分析从句的结构，关键就在于看它们在定语是充当什么成分，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,（参考第一份资料讲解。） 缺少时间状语，地点状语时或原因状语，才能用when， where或why.试弄懂以下几组例句，注意从句的成分是否完整：*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the street.（when在从句里做状语）
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in the Middle School.（which，that做及物spend的宾语）
**This is the hospital where my mother works.（work不及物动词，接宾语需要借用介词。）
**This is the hospital which/that we visited yesterday. （which，that做及物visit的宾语，可省。）
***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office.（give sb sth，关系代词指代的是sth这个宾语补足语。）
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. eg：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. （介词for可以表目的和原因。）
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。但 “why”不能用于非限制性定语从句中，也就是说不能用于句子的“逗号”后。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr. Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil”. 4）way和time作先行词时的情况 1. way作先行词，意为“方式、方法”时，引导词在从句中作状语，可用that / in which 引导，也可省略（通常省）；若引导词作从句的主语或宾语，用that / which 引导，引导词作宾语时可省略（通常省）。如： I’ve thought of a good way (that /in which) we can finish the experiment successfully.The way that/which will be used to carry out the operation was suggested by Doctor White. 2. 先行词是time时，若表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time表示“一段时间”，则用when或at / during + which引导定语从句。如： This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when / during which there were no radios, no telephones or TV sets.判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词（及物动词还是不及物动词）。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词，而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。（因为在上单元提到，关系代词本身就必须在定语从句中充当一个成分，主语或宾语，甚至定语。 而及物动词后必须要补充一个宾语才能构成一个完整的句子。至于不及物动词呢，比较特殊，可以构成“主语+谓语（谓语必须为不及物动词）”这个最简单的句型）。例如： I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.(定语从句结构完整，不需要关系词做成分) I'll never forget the days that/which/X I spent together with you. (定语从句结构不完整，需要关系词做宾语成分) 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，则应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语，因为从句主谓宾成分都不缺，I 主语，work 谓语，you宾语。)He works in a factory that which makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that, which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)That’s the reason that/which he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语,也可省)
That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(从句成分完整，where在此作状语)PS:先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything that What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （×）Who breaks the law will be punished. （√）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.定语从句专项练习
1．This is the place_____ John was born B
A. which B. where C. when D. that
2. It’s the sixth time_____ late this month. C
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you have arrived D. when you have arrived3. The Second World war _____ millions of people are killed ended in 1945. AA. when B. during that C.in which D which4. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. BA. whom B. who C. when D. because 5. I will never forget the day _____ he spent with my friends in the high school. B A. when B. which C. during which D. on which 6. This is the just place _____ I am longing to visit three years. AA. that B. where C.in which D. to where7. We are going to pay a visit to Nanchang city, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives. CA. which B. that C. where D who8. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed9. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of music CA. which B. that C. why D. what
10．Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week A
A． the one B．that C．which D．one
11．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．D
A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which
12．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．D
A．which B．that C．for which D．with which
13．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village. C
A．until B．that C when D．where
14．There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．D
A．as B．while C．which D．when
15．After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child．B A．which B．where C that D．when
16．They had a long talk about the persons and things_____ they both knew．C
A．whom B．what C. that D．which
17．That is the very book______ I am looking for. A
A．that B．which C．what D．as
18．Who is the scientist_____ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday A
A．that B．who C. which D．whom
19．I don't like the way_____ you speak to your teacher． A
A．／ B．in that C. which D．of which
20．Could you tell me when to get the book______ I want to read C
A．what B．who C．／ D．it
21．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. B
A. when B．which C．who D．on which
22．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.D
A. who B. whom C. to who D. from whom
23. Don't forget the day_____ you were admitted to Beijing University. A
A．when B．that C．at which D. where
24．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods. A
A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
25．I can still remember the place_____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. D
A．which B．what C .that D．where
26．_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. D
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
27．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. C
A. the thing B. what C. that D. which
28．He was seriously ill when he was a child, ____ made him lose his sight. C
A. as B. that C. which D. it
29．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ he could turn for help. B
A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom
30．He told the same story ______ I told. C,A
A. that B. which C. as D. it
31．It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness. C A. which I think B. which I think it wasC. I think which was D. I think which it was
32. The first thing ____ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room. D
A. which B. as C. what D. that
33. I will never forget the day _____ I joined the League. CA. which B. on that C. when D.in which
34. October 1, 2009 is the day _____ we’ll never forget. AA. which B. on that C. when D.in which35. I remember the day _____ I first came to the college. C A. on which B. in which C. when D. that36. That was the day _____ Ann left school on. DA. on which B. when C. where D. X
37．That is the hotel ____ we stayed last year. D
A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which
38. This is the reason ____ we made Mr. Li headmaster of our school. D
A. where B. when C. before D. why39. Is that the reason ___ you are late again C A. which B. that C. why D. what40. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor ___ is very modest and studies hard. A
A. who B. that C. as D. which
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I: 定语从句的基本框架: “先行词+关系词+从句”关系词分为关系代词和关系副词.本单元关系副词包括：when，where，why这3个。其中关系词紧接着先行词,并起到以下3个作用: (关系词=连词+代词)指代之前出现的先行词起到连词的作用,连接两个句子在从句里面担任成分--状语定语从句中的关系副词我们接触的只有三个：when, where和why，可代替的先行词分别是时间、地点或理由的名词，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。（关系副词有时可以省略）■关系副词when的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )When先行词是时间名词，指时间，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。其结构为：“表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句。”如：Can you tell me the time when the film will start Can you tell me the time at which the film will start 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？ I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天，我永远不会忘记。 ■关系副词where的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )where先行词是地点名词，指地点，它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。其结果为：“表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句。”如：This is the school where I studied a few years ago. This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun. Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧，在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。 ■关系副词why的用法 ( http: / / www. / Article / adjc / Index.html )why指原因或理由 ，它的先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“for + which”。其结构为：“表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句”如：Do you know the reason why he is not here now Do you know the reason for which he is not here now 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？ (why只用于reason之后，并不能用于非限制性定语从句中。)关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，但一定要注意以下易错点：
1）不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。 到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，一定要注意分析从句的结构，关键就在于看它们在定语是充当什么成分，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,（参考第一份资料讲解。） 缺少时间状语，地点状语时或原因状语，才能用when， where或why.试弄懂以下几组例句，注意从句的成分是否完整：*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the street.（when在从句里做状语）
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in the Middle School.（which，that做及物spend的宾语）
**This is the hospital where my mother works.（work不及物动词，接宾语需要借用介词。）
**This is the hospital which/that we visited yesterday. （which，that做及物visit的宾语，可省。）
***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office.（give sb sth，关系代词指代的是sth这个宾语补足语。）
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. eg：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. （介词for可以表目的和原因。）
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。但 “why”不能用于非限制性定语从句中，也就是说不能用于句子的“逗号”后。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr. Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil”. 4）way和time作先行词时的情况 1. way作先行词，意为“方式、方法”时，引导词在从句中作状语，可用that / in which 引导，也可省略（通常省）；若引导词作从句的主语或宾语，用that / which 引导，引导词作宾语时可省略（通常省）。如： I’ve thought of a good way (that /in which) we can finish the experiment successfully.The way that/which will be used to carry out the operation was suggested by Doctor White. 2. 先行词是time时，若表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time表示“一段时间”，则用when或at / during + which引导定语从句。如： This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when / during which there were no radios, no telephones or TV sets.判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词（及物动词还是不及物动词）。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词，而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。（因为在上单元提到，关系代词本身就必须在定语从句中充当一个成分，主语或宾语，甚至定语。 而及物动词后必须要补充一个宾语才能构成一个完整的句子。至于不及物动词呢，比较特殊，可以构成“主语+谓语（谓语必须为不及物动词）”这个最简单的句型）。例如： I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.(定语从句结构完整，不需要关系词做成分) I'll never forget the days that/which/X I spent together with you. (定语从句结构不完整，需要关系词做宾语成分) 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，则应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语，因为从句主谓宾成分都不缺，I 主语，work 谓语，you宾语。)He works in a factory that which makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that, which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)That’s the reason that/which he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语,也可省)
That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(从句成分完整，where在此作状语)PS:先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything that What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （×）Who breaks the law will be punished. （√）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.定语从句专项练习
1．This is the place_____ John was born B
A. which B. where C. when D. that
2. It’s the sixth time_____ late this month. C
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you have arrived D. when you have arrived3. The Second World war _____ millions of people are killed ended in 1945. AA. when B. during that C.in which D which4. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. BA. whom B. who C. when D. because 5. I will never forget the day _____ he spent with my friends in the high school. B A. when B. which C. during which D. on which 6. This is the just place _____ I am longing to visit three years. AA. that B. where C.in which D. to where7. We are going to pay a visit to Nanchang city, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives. CA. which B. that C. where D who8. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed9. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of music CA. which B. that C. why D. what
10．Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week A
A． the one B．that C．which D．one
11．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．D
A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which
12．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．D
A．which B．that C．for which D．with which
13．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village. C
A．until B．that C when D．where
14．There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．D
A．as B．while C．which D．when
15．After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child．B A．which B．where C that D．when
16．They had a long talk about the persons and things_____ they both knew．C
A．whom B．what C. that D．which
17．That is the very book______ I am looking for. A
A．that B．which C．what D．as
18．Who is the scientist_____ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday A
A．that B．who C. which D．whom
19．I don't like the way_____ you speak to your teacher． A
A．／ B．in that C. which D．of which
20．Could you tell me when to get the book______ I want to read C
A．what B．who C．／ D．it
21．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. B
A. when B．which C．who D．on which
22．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.D
A. who B. whom C. to who D. from whom
23. Don't forget the day_____ you were admitted to Beijing University. A
A．when B．that C．at which D. where
24．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods. A
A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
25．I can still remember the place_____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. D
A．which B．what C .that D．where
26．_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. D
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
27．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. C
A. the thing B. what C. that D. which
28．He was seriously ill when he was a child, ____ made him lose his sight. C
A. as B. that C. which D. it
29．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ he could turn for help. B
A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom
30．He told the same story ______ I told. C,A
A. that B. which C. as D. it
31．It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness. C A. which I think B. which I think it wasC. I think which was D. I think which it was
32. The first thing ____ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room. D
A. which B. as C. what D. that
33. I will never forget the day _____ I joined the League. CA. which B. on that C. when D.in which
34. October 1, 2009 is the day _____ we’ll never forget. AA. which B. on that C. when D.in which35. I remember the day _____ I first came to the college. C A. on which B. in which C. when D. that36. That was the day _____ Ann left school on. DA. on which B. when C. where D. X
37．That is the hotel ____ we stayed last year. D
A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which
38. This is the reason ____ we made Mr. Li headmaster of our school. D
A. where B. when C. before D. why39. Is that the reason ___ you are late again C A. which B. that C. why D. what40. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor ___ is very modest and studies hard. A
A. who B. that C. as D. which
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