广东省深圳市文汇中学八年级英语上册 Module 3 Unit 6 Ancient stories Grammar 课件

课件32张PPT。GrammarUnit 6 Ancient stories 1. To learn the present perfect
tense with since and for
2. To learn the differences between
the present perfect tense and the
simple past tenseobjectivesThe present perfect tense with since and for1. They have tried to capture our city
for ten years.
2. I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood.
3. I’ve been busy since I came back.
4. It has been raining since morning.
5. We have known each other for twenty years.
6. I haven’t seen her for a long time.They ____ ____ to capture our city
____ ten years.
2. I _______ _______ like this _____ my childhood.
3. I ___ ____ ____ _____ I came back.
4. It ___ _____ ______ _____ morning.
5. We ____ _______ each other ____ twenty years.
6. I _______ _____ her ____ a long time.have triedforhaven’t laughedsince’ve been busysincehas been raining sincehave knownforhaven’t seenforgo1. I _____this book for two weeks, I have
to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed
C. kept D. have kept
2. The Greens _____many places of interest
since they came to China.
A. will visit B. visited
C. have visited D. visit以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据
之前练习的考察情
况进一步选择讲解
该语法项的重难点。 当用现在完成时谈论一直持续到现在的动作或情况时，常与“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去某个时间点”的时间状语连用。
“for + 一段时间”意为“(到现在为止) …… 时间 ”，如 for a long time, for 10 years等等。
“since + 过去某个时间点” 意为“自……以来”，如since August 2003, since yesterday, since two o’clock等。一、现在完成时和“for+一段时间”连用时，要注意以下几点：
瞬间动词不能与“for+一段时间”连用表示动作的连续性，应改用持续性动词。如：
He has left for five minutes. ( )
He has been away for five minutes. ( )
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与“for + 一段时间”连用，说明某个动作不发生的状态已持续了一段时间。如：
I haven’t met him for years.瞬间动词表示短暂的动作，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等；
而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作，如work，stay，leave，live，learn等。瞬间动词 & 持续性动词二、现在完成时和“since+过去某个时间点”连用时，要注意以下几点：
持续性动词与“since+过去某个时间点”
连用表示持续的动作和状态。
瞬间动词的否定形式与“since+过去某个时间点”连用表示某动作不发生的状态已经持续了一段时间。如：
I have waited here for you since 2 o’clock.
I haven’t heard from him since March.since后除了可跟表示过去某个时间点的名词或名词短语构成时间状语外，也可引导时间状语从句，且从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。如：
Helen has not been back to her primary school since she left.
注意：for和since不能同时使用。如：
Alice has lived in Beijing for twenty years since 1993. 1. 少数瞬间动词可以转换为其相应的持续性动词，如：
borrow → have/has kept，
buy → have/has had
2. 有些瞬间动词可以用相应的介词短语、形容词、副词或名词与be的现在完成时连用，表示状态的延续，如：瞬间动词与持续性动词的转换瞬间动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。arrive in/at → have/has been in/at,
join → have/has been in或
have/has been a member of,
die → have/has been dead,
leave → have/has been away,
begin/start → have/has been on,
end/finish → have /has been over Hans is from Hamburg in Germany. He is talking to Doris. Read their conversation and answer the questions. (P 87)1. Where does Hans live? He ____ in __________.
2. How long has Hans lived in Hamburg? He ____ ____ there _____ _____.
3. How long has Doris lived in Shanghai? She ___ ____ there ___ ____ _____.
4. Where was Doris born? She ____ _____ ___ _________. A1 livesHamburghas livedsince 1996has livedfor 14 yearswas born in Shanghai Doris is talking about herself. Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False). Correct any false ones. (P 88)1. Doris has lived in Shanghai for four
years.
2. She has studied at New Point Junior
High School since September 2010.
3. She has been in the Science Club since November 2011.
4. She has been in the Volleyball Club for
two months. A2 fourteen2011 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
简言之，如果同时考虑过去和现在，就用现在完成时。如果不考虑现在，就不用现在完成时。如：现在完成时与一般过去时nowpastfuture现在完成时一般过去时She has just had her lunch.
她刚吃过午饭。(表示她现在不饿。)
She had her lunch two hours ago.
她两小时前吃了午饭。
(仅说明事实，不知道她现在饿不饿。)现在完成时通常不与表示过去时间的词语连用。如yesterday, last week, then, three years ago, in 1980等。如：
I have visited the Bund in Shanghai yesterday / last week / three years ago / in 1980. ( )如果与表示“到现在为止的某个/任意时间”的词语连用，如ever, before, never, yet, recently, already, lately等，通常用现在完成时。如：
I have never seen that film.
I have read the book recently.如果考虑的是“到现在为止”的一段时间，通常使用现在完成时。如果考虑的是一个已经过去的时间，就用一般过去时。如：
You have helped me a lot.
你已经帮了我很多忙了。(到目前为止)
My grandmother took good care of me.
我奶奶曾悉心地照顾我。
(在她活着的时候。)have goneleftcamehave triedhave wonhave leftdidn’t take Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story “The Trojan horse”. Complete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. (P 89) B1 wentopenedboughtnever beenhavevisitedhave seenhave readbought Complete the diary below with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. (P 89) B2 Review含有since或for引导的时间状语的现在完成时。
现在完成时和一般过去时在含义和用法上的区别。1. I ___________ (work) in the school since
I ______ (move) here in 2006.
2. The Smiths _____ (go) to Shanghai in 2008. They _________ (be) there since then.
3. Shenzhen ____ (be) a small town in the past, but now it __________ (become) a large modern city.
4. I ____ already _______ (write) the article. I
_______ (finish) it yesterday.
5. — I ___ (see) the film So Young yesterday.
— Did you? I ____________ (not see) it yet.I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。have workedmovedwenthave beenwashas becomehavewrittenfinishedsawhaven’t seen1. — _____ you ever _____ America ?
— Yes, I have.　 A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in 　
C. Have…been to 　D. Have …been in 2. My brother ____ college for over
three years.　 A. has gone to　 B. has been to　
C. has been in　 D. has been atII. 单项选择。3. — ____ you _____ the text yet ?
— Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did　
B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did
D. Did …copy…had 　
4. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?”
“Because he _____ at her just now .”　A. did…get…shouted 　　　　
B. has…got…shouted 　C. did…get…has shouted 　　
D. has…got…has shouted5. _____ you ______ the film before ?
Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have …seen…did…see　　
B. Did …see…did…watch C. Have…seen…have…seen　　
D. Did …see…have…seen
6. We _______ trees last Sunday.
So far we ____ over 3,000 trees there. 　A. planted; planted　　　　
B. planted; have planted 　C. have planted; planted　　
D. have planted; have planted7. — I have seen the film “Titanic”
already.
— When ____ you_____ it? 　 — The day before yesterday. 　 A. have; seen　　 B. will; see　　
C. did; see　　 D. did; seen
8. Mr Black ____ in China since five
years ago. A. lived　 B. has lived
C. lives D. is going to live 9. He has ____ the watch for a year.
A. buy B. bought C. have D. had
10. Her brother _____the Party since
1978.
A. joined B. has joined
C. has been in D. was in
11. The bookshop _____ for eight years.
A. has been open B. has been opened
C. has opened D. has openIII. 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1. I have been in Hong Kong for two days.
(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ ___ been in Hong Kong?
2. The girl began to learn English five
years ago. (改为同义句)
The girl ___ _____ English ___ five years.
3. The girl has been a nurse since she left
school. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ___ the girl been a nurse?How long have youhas learntforHow long has4. I have had this bike since 2002.
(改为同义句)
I ______ this bike ___ 2002.
5. The children arrived here at 9 o’clock. (改为同义句)
The children ____ ____ here _____ 9
o’clock. bought inhave been sinceHomework1. Make some sentences using the present perfect tense with since and for. (at least 10)
2. Finish the exercises in Learning English.
3. Preview Speaking on page 90.