课题：unit5 Section B 1a-2c 课型：新授课 日期：2010 年5月6日星期 四
班级 姓名
一、学习目标
1. 能够熟练运用情态动词must/ might/ could/ can’t等。
2. 能表达自己对某事的好恶，能对某事做评论。
3. 通过学习，使学生学会表达自己的喜好，培养学生的审美情趣。
学习重点、难点
1. 掌握must, could, might表肯定猜测，can’t 表否定猜测。
2. 熟练运用情态动词进行推测事物的归属。
3. 能根据相关信息进行合理想象或推论。
二、预习导航
（一）试读下列单词并将不理解的单词在字典中查出来
chase sky catch unhappy extremely interview noise wind neighbor footstep garbage escape director monkey mystery
（二）试翻译
1.追逐、追赶__________ 2.天空 ____________________3.直升机________________
4.生物________________ 5.赶上，跟上_______________4.跑步锻炼_____________
6.catch (反义词)____________ 7.赶公共汽车____________
8.带者一部相机的女人_______________________9担心，小心__________________
10.上车，飞机_______________11.一阵怪味_________________
12.举起、抬起__________________ 13.试图、企图_________________
14.（狗等）吠声 ___________________ fortable (反)________________
17.假装做某事________________
（三）试造句
请你用must描述本校的校规
例子：We must wear our uniforms at school.
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________
（四）试练
1.could be running是情态动词+be+doing, 表示对_____________的推测。
Eg: He must____ ___ basketball now. 他现在肯定在打篮球。
Your parents might be ____ ___ you everywhere.你的父母可能在到处找你。
P39 : 1.get on_____的意思，反义词是_____ 试写出上小轿车_______ 下小轿车______
2._________ 是“当心,小心”的意思,后接___ ____ eg:__ ___ ___ the fire。当心火灾。
____________是表示“当心（不）做某事”。Eg:__ ___ ___ ___ be late.小心别迟到。
Be careful=____ =______(英语解释)
3.____ 动词,意为“假装”后常接__ ____ eg：He pretended not __ (see)you.
4.use up 表示________ = run out of 后接___ ___,但是代词放在use 与up 之间eg: I have __ __ the money.
5.attempt to do/doing= __________ 是_____ 的意思。Eg: He ___ ___ start a club.他试图开办一个俱乐部。
三、学习过程
（一）导入新课：谈论图片
T: Hello, class. Have you ever seen any UFOs or aliens What are they How do they look
Now turn to page 37, look at the pictures and write a sentence about each picture. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making sentences.
The UFO is land. It is coming down from the sky!
The terrible, ugly, frightening alien is chasing the two people.
The frightened man is looking back at the alien.
A woman with camera is shooting films.
They must be making a movie.
Must: _____________________________________________________________________
Might: _____________________________________________________________________
Could: _____________________________________________________________________
Can’t: _____________________________________________________________________
（二）听力训练：Listening 2a, 2b
Talk about the pictures in 2a
What can you see in the picture What are they doing
要求学生快速阅读2a、2b的要求。引导学生进行信息分析，听选相关信息，接着进行听力练习。
To know more about the UFO and aliens you shall listen to a recording. While listening pay attention to the uses of must, might, could and can’t for making inferences and try to number the pictures on page 37.
一层听：Listen and number the picture 1-3
二层听：listen and write two and three sentences to finish the story.
三层听：listen and complete the sentences.
They see… The man says… The woman says…
1. a man running He could be running for exercises. He might be late for work.
2. something in the sky It could be a helicopter. It must be a UFO.
3. a strange creature It must be an alien. I must be dreaming.
4. a woman with a camera She could be from the TV news. They must be making a movie.
（三）Pairwork
In pairs role play the conversations between the man and woman. Use must, might, could and can’t for making inferences. For example:
A: Why do you think the man is running
B: He could be running for exercise.
A: No, he’s wearing a suit. He might be running to catch a bus.
B: There’s something in the sky. It could be a helicopter.
A: No, it can’t be a helicopter. It must be a UFO.
B: And there’s a strange creature getting out. It must be an alien.
A: I must be dreaming.
B: Look, there’s a woman with a camera.
A: She could be from the TV news.
B: Oh! They must be making a movie.
（四）self-check
1. Now read them and fill in each blank with a correct word given.
2. 用所给的单词造句.
For example: I’m very anxious about it.
四、课后检测
（一）单项选择
1. The books belong to _______.
A. him B. his C. he’s D hers
2. _______ is happening in our neighborhood.
A. Something strange B. Strange things C Strange Something D. Things strange
3. ---Whose T-shirt is this ---It _____ be John’s. It’s too small for him.
A. must B. might C. can’t D mustn’t
4. It’s not necessary to read today’s newspaper because there is _________in it.
A. something interesting B. anything special C. important thing D. nothing new
5. There is _____ rain and it’s ____ cool in summer.
A. too much, too much B. too much, much too C. much too, much too
6. He pretended ________ me when he passed by.
A. not see B. not seeing C. not to see D don’t see
7．This book ________ be Carla’s. Her name is on the book.
A．might B．could C．must D．can’t
8．Jack’s bike is blue, so this yellow one ________ be his.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．couldn’t D．mightn’t
9．The guitar ________ belong to Alice. Only she plays the guitar here.
A．could B．must C．can’t D．can
10．—What do you think “upset” mean
—I’m not sure. It ________ mean sad,
A．must B．can C．might D．can’t
11．I’ll have a report ________ computer science next week.
A．at B．of C．on D．in
12．This backpack must be ________. I saw her carry it yesterday.
A．Lucys B．Lucy C．Lucys’ D．Lucy’s
13．—Do you know the woman ________ a camera in her hand —Sure. She’s my mum.
A．at B．with C．of D．in
14．They called the police but didn’t find ________.
A．anything strange B．strange anything C．nothing strange D. strange nothing
15．The other day a strange thing ________ in our neighborhood.
A．happened B．was happened C．has happened D．happening
16．—Why do you think the man is running
—He could be ________ for exercise.
A．run B．ran C．running D．runs
（二）用所给单词的适当形式填空：
1. Look, how strange! A man can ________(run) after an alien.
2. Hurry up, or we __________( not catch ) the bus.
3. Xiao Ming is afraid of ________ (stay) at home alone.
4. You look __________( worry). What’s the matter
5. There must be someone ___________(visit) the homes in our neighborhood.
6. You can’t wake up a person who is _________ (pretend) to be asleep.
7. We don’t believe him because he’s _________(honest)
8. I don’t like staying with these children. They are quite__________ ( noise)
9. He pretended__________（be）ill yesterday.
10. Be_____ (care) of the dog that doesn’t bark.
11. Reading is _________( help) to all of us but Tom is interested in_______( play) computer games.
（三）课课练习 P31
五、教学反思——含教师的教后反思和学生的学后反思。
1.我的收获____________________________________________________________
2.我的疑惑____________________________________________________________
PAGE
4课题：Unit 5 Section A(1a-2c) 课型：新授课 日期：2010年 5 月 4 日 星期 二
班级 姓名
一、学习目标
1.谈论失物找到主人
2. 掌握词汇：belong, belong to, author, picnic, classical, possibly, hair hand, owner, worried, anxious
3. 掌握句型：Whose notebook is this It must be Ning’s.
It could/might be Carol’s. It can’t be Susan.
4. 学习运用情态动词must, might, could, can’t进行推理。
5. 通过推理、猜测，培养学生的判断能力。
二、预习准备
（一）认真预习课本P36，翻译词组
1 一辆玩具车 _____________________________________
2 野餐（3）_____________________________________
3. 听古典音乐___________________________
4 发带________________________________________
5. 属于______________________________________________
6. 唯一一个在学法语的人_____________________________________
（二）完成1a
Clothing:________________________________________________________________
Fun things:______________________________________________________________
Kitchen things:___________________________________________________________
三、研讨探究
（一）Play a guessing game
（二）grammar
It must be xx’s.
belong to xxx.
It could /might be xx’s.
belong to xxx.
It can’t be xx’s.
belong to xxx.
（三）Guess and give the reasons
（四）grammar
1. 能表示猜测的情态动词________________________________________________
2. 确信程度大小________________________________________________________
3. 肯定和否定的推测___________________________________________________
（五）Listening 1b
1. What are they doing What can you see in the picture (check the answers in 1a)
2. what is their problem
3. Listen and match
（六）Pairwork 1c
（七）Listening 2a/2b
What’s in the backpack Whose backpack is that
（八）Fill in the blanks 2c
（九）Grammar focus
四、课后检测（拓展·延伸）
(一) 根据首字母完成单词
I think this book must b______ to Lily.
Lu Sun is a great a_______ in the world.
We are going to have a p______ this Sunday.
When the boy comes late from school, his mother is always w______ about him.
(二) 用must, might, can’t, belong to填空。
He ______ be French, he speaks French so much.
Tom ________ come to the party tonight, but I’m not sure.
The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. She ______ be at home.
Listen, they are laughing. They ______ be enjoying themselves.
You’d better take an umbrella. It ______ rain this afternoon.
6. Whose earrings are these They __________ be Mary’s. she never wears earrings.
7. The telephone is ringing, but nobody answers it. He _______________ be out.
8. － “Whose is this book Oh, it ___________ be Mary’s. Her name is on the back.”
－ “No, it _________________ me, she gave it to me yesterday.”
(三) 句型转化
1. Must I park the car here (否定回答) _______, you _______.
2. This person must be an English teacher. (改为否定句)
This person _______be an English teacher.
3. Bob has a blue bike. （同义句转化）
The blue bike ________ ________ Bob.
4. What does this word mean (同义句转化）
_________ the ________ of this word
5. I met your brother on my way home this morning. (对划线部分提问)
_______ did you _______ on your way home this morning
（四）单项选择
（ ）1. This bag ______ be Li Ping’s because there is his name on it.
A. must B. may C. can’t D. could
( ) 2. You ______ swim in the river because there are crocodiles in it.
A. can B. must C. mustn’t D. may
( ) 3. You _______ listen to the teacher in class.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. can D. must
( ) 4. ----Who is the girl under the big tree Is it your sister
----No, it _______ be her, she is much thinner.
A.mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 5. ----Whose is this watch Is it Kate’s
-----I’m not sure, it __ be hers.
A. may B. can’t C. must D. should
( ) 6.The person who I want to learn from is ______ who studies hard and works well.
A. a B. one C. the one D. ones
( ) 7.---How is Mei’s skirt ----Her skirt is more beautiful than______.
A. her sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate
C.her sister and Kate’s D. her sister’s and Kate’s
( ) 8. Look at the tennis racket. _______ it ______ you
A. Does; belong to B. Is; belong to
C. Does; belong to D. Is; belong to
( ) 9.--whose book is this
--It _______ be Lucy’s. Look, her name is on the cover.
A. can B. must C. may D. could
( ) 10.—It took me nearly forty minutes to walk here.
--Have a drink, please. You ______ be thirsty.
A. will B. must C. should D. can
( ) 11. When you cross the road, you _______ be very careful.
A. must B. should C. can D. may
( ) 12. I don’t know him. He ___ a new comer.
A. must be B. may
C. can be D. maybe
( ) 13. Mary ____ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t
C. can’t D. may not
( ) 14. Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( ) 15. I thought you ____ like something to read, so I have brought you some
books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
（五）按要求写句子
1. What should I do if I don't have enough money (同义句)
________ _______ I don't have enough money
2. He was too nervous to say a word when the teacher asked him to answer the question.(同义句)
He was ______ nervous ______ he _______ say a word when the teacher asked him to answer the question.
3. My parents don't allow me to drive the car. (同义句)
My parents don't ______ me _______ the car.
（六）课课练习
五、教学反思（教师和学生从不同角度总结成功之处，不足之处，改进措施）
PAGE
1课题：Unit 5 Section A(3a-4) 课型：新授课 日期：2010年 5 月 5 日 星期 三
班级 姓名
一、学习目标
1. 谈论人们过去害怕的事物和经历
2. 掌握词汇alone,airplane,still,dark,terrify,be afraid of,fly in airplane, be terrified of,with sth on
3. 掌握句型 I used to be afraid of the dark
My partner is still afraid of big dogs.
Did you used to be afraid of high places
4. 掌握语法 一般现在时与一般过去时的区别；be afraid/terrified of 的用法
二、预习准备
认真预习课本P36，翻译下列词组
1. 在交响乐大厅_____________________________________
2. 与配镜师有约______________________________________
3. 对某人来说至关重要_________________________________
4. 对某事来说至关重要_________________________________
5. 做某事重要_________________________________________
6. 在期末考占30%______________________________________
7. …的主人____________________________________________
8. 因为某人/某物_______________________________________
9. 给他母亲的礼物______________________________________
三、研讨探究
（一）Revision
1. Read the passage and remember the information
2. Play a guessing game
（二）Pairwork 4
1. Sample conversation 2
A: Here is a Chinese-English dictionary. It could belong to Mary. I know she has one.
B: I don’t think so. It can’t be Mary’s. This one is new, but hers is old.
Sample conversation 3:
A: Here is a flower. The owner must be a girl.
B: Well, it could be a boy. The flower might be a present for his teacher.
2. teach the new words
（三）Reading 3a
1. Read the thank-you note and number parts in orde.r
2. Answer the questions
(1) Why is Linda so anxious
___________________________________________________________________
(2) Why does Linda really need her backpack
___________________________________________________________________
(3 ) Why is the math test very crucial
____________________________________________________________________
(4 ) Where was Anna when Linda called her
____________________________________________________________________
(5 ) What does Linda want Anna to do
____________________________________________________________________
3. Cirle the words you don’t know and explain them in English.
anxious_____________
drop________________
symphony_____________
crucial________________
final_________________
optometrist____________
appointment___________
（四）Summary：重点句型
1. --- Whose book is this
--- It must be Mary’s./It must belong to Mary. (肯定; 一定)
2. --- Whose French book is this
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda. The hair band might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
四、课后检测（拓展·延伸）
(一) 用must, may, might, could, can’t填空：
1. Whose earrings are these They ________ be Mary’s . She wears earrings sometimes.
2. Gina ________ come to the party tonight, but I’m not sure.
3. The telephone is ringing, but nobody answers it. He ________ be at home.
4. Is this Lan Qiang’s boxing glove
Yes, it ______ be his. There’s his name on the back.
5. You’d better take an umbrella. It ______ rain this afternoon.
(二) 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.-----________ (who) is this -----It must be Mary’s.
2. The guitar might ________ ( belong ) to Alice.
3. What do you think “ anxious” ________（ mean）.
4. She is ________（worry）because of her test.
5.The __________( own) can’t be a boy.
（三）补全对话：
Tom: Oh, look! Whose backpack do you think ________ ________
Alice: I don’t know. Look, here’s a school T-shirt.
Tom: Well then , the person ______ go to our school. Oh! Here’s a ______ band, so the person ______ be a boy.
Alice: It could be Betty’s _______ ________. She has ______ hair.
Tom: Oh! It might ______ to Linda. She was ______the picnic, wasn’t she
Alice: Yes, she was. But then the backpack ______ belong to Tina. She’s always forgetting things.
Tom: Oh, look! Tennis balls.
Alice: Then it must be Linda’s. She has _______ hair and she’s ______ the tennis team.
Tom: ______ ______ ________.
（四）单项选择
（ ）1.“___ I answer this question in English ”“No, you ___. You __ answer it in Chinese.”
A. May, needn’t, can B. Must, needn’t, may
C. May, mustn’t, could D. Must, mustn’t, can
（ ）2. Liu Mei’s name is on the bag. It _____ hers.
A. was B. has been C. must be D. will be
（ ）3. Dick isn’t at school today. He ______ ill at home.
A. maybe B. might be C. was D. can’t be
（ ）4. My friend has lost his blue bike. This orange one _____ his.
A. must not be B. might be C. can’t be D. is must be
（ ）5. Who _____ this building belong to
A. is B. does C. was D. has
（ ）6. There is _______ snow and it’s _______ cold this winter.
A. too much, too much B. too much, much too
C. much too, much too D. much too, too much
（ ）7. This girl ______ very clever.
A. used to be B. use to be C. used be D. used to is
（ ）8. “What are you _______ ”“I’m ______ my backpack, I can’t _____ it. ”
A. look for, find, look for B. finding, finding, look for
C. looking for, looking for, find D. finding, looking for, find
（ ）9. What _____ in Bell Tower Neighborhood this time yesterday
A. happened B. was happened C. was happening D. is happening
（ ）10. “Maybe this coat is Li Xia’s ”means “______”.
A.This coat must be Li Xia’s B. This coat must belong to Li Xia
C. This coat can’t be Li Xia’s D. The coat may be Li Xia’s
（ ）11.“The volleyball must belong to Carla. ”means “_____”.
A. Carla’s name is on the volleyball B. Carla has a volleyball
C. The volleyball must be Carla’s D. That can’t be carla’s volleyball
（ ）12. Mark Twain is Mary’s _____ author.
A. famous B. favorite C. different D. strange
（ ）13. I really need my ruler _____ I’ll have a math test on algebra tomorrow.
A. if B. when C. so D. because
（ ）14.“What do you think ‘terrified’ mean ”I think it means “___”.
A. afraid B. happy C. glad D. sad
（ ）15. “______ magazine do you think it is ”It must be Grace’s.
A. Where B. Which C. Whose D. How
（ ）16. A: Where’s Rose B: I’m not sure. She _____ in the library.
A. is B. might be C. must be
（ ）17. A: My daughter just got a scholarship to Stanford! B: You ____ be proud of her.
A. could B. must C. might
（ ）18. A: How does Sheila get to school B: I don’t really know. She _____ the bus.
A. might take B. takes C. must take D. took
（ ）19. A: Is Myrna working in the city today B: She _______. I’m not sure.
A. could B. could have C. could be D. was
（ ）20. A: Does Lucia still share a house with his sister B: I don’t know. He ______.
A. might be B. might C. might have D. has
五、教学反思（教师和学生从不同角度总结成功之处，不足之处，改进措施）
PAGE
2课题：section B 3a-2 课型：新授课 日期： 2010 年 5 月7日 星期 五
班级 姓名
一、学习目标
1. 能使用whose引导的特殊疑问句寻找物品的主人，如Whose book is this
2. 能运用情态动词“must, could, might, can’t”进行合理的推断，如It must belong to Carla, because it has her name on it.
3. 能根据相关的信息进行合理的想象或推论，培养综合分析能力；
学习重点、难点
1. 语言知识目标 掌握新词汇和运用情态动词进行推测
2. 能根据一定的背景或前提进行预测或续写。
二、预习导航
（一）将下列中文词组翻译成英文
1.报警 _________ 2.天空 _______
3.赶上 ___________ 4.访问、会见
5.喧闹声、嘈杂声 6.猴子 _____
7.邻居 8.风 ____
9.主管、主任 10.不快乐的
11.足迹、脚步声 12.垃圾 _
13.生物 ________14.逃跑、逃走
15.极其、非常 16.神秘的事物
17.当地学校 18.极为担心 ___
19.窗子外面____________________20.隔壁邻居 __
21.肯定有 _____________________22.逃离_________________
23.数不尽的纸____________ 24.奇怪的东西___________
（二）完成下列句子,词数不限
1. The traffic is very heavy. I’m afraid I ________________（可能会迟到）the meeting.
2. _____________________(有人在喊救命) outside. Let’s go and see what is happening.
3. _________________(不可能是) my father. He’s gone to Beijing already.
4. I ________________(有点累了) after workong long hours.
三、学习过程（——体现师生课堂学习的主要步骤和环节，突出互动性。）
（一）读前导入
The teacher communicates with the students about what is happening (Show a picture to the students and ask)
T: Look! What’s the man doing
S: He is running
T: Why do you think he is running
S: He must be……
（二）快速阅读文章回答问题:
1. Where is the article from ____________________________________
2. What is the passage about ___________________________________
3. What is the strange thing What do the people think of it _____________________________
（三）仔细阅读：
1. Read the article and underline what people think could be causing the strange things that are happening in Bell Tower in 3a
2. Listen to the tape of 3a, then read again and complete the chart.
What caused the things in Bell Tower The teacher’s idea The neighbor’s idea
（四） 达标练习：1.课文内容填空：（考考自己的记忆力，学着自己挖空，找重点互相抽背）
Our neighborhood 1 be very quiet. However, these days, strange things are 2 in our neighborhood and everyone is 3 . Zhou Gu, the local school teacher is extremely worried. When he was 4 by the local newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange
noises 5 our window. My wife thinks that it 6 be an animal, but my friends and I think it 7 be teenagers having fun. My parents called the police, but they can’t find anything strange. They think it 8 be the wind. I don’t think so！”
Zhou’s next door neighbor Qi Hui is unhappy too. “At first, I thought it might be a dog, but I can’t see a dog and I still hear the noises outside.” Everyone in our neighborhood
is 9 and everyone has his or her ideas. There must be something 10 the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it
（五）写作训练
Write anther paragraph about Bell Tower using these notes
Chu family_ late night footsteps in the hallway___ might be the neighbors
Lao Zheng__somethng trying to get in the window ___might be the wind
Xiao Ning___ finds garbage in front of her house ____might be cats
（六）小组合作
A: In my dream, I was swimming in an ocean of paper.
B: Maybe it means you are afraid of too much homework!
C: It might mean……
（七）谚语，格言
1. A proverb is a short popular saying, usually of unknown and ancient origin, that expresses effectively some common truth or useful thought. It is a wise saying.
2. Read the proverbs and tell what they mean. Use Must, might, could and can’t for making inferences.
3. Circling the odd word
On page 39 is a box with 5 groups of words. Read them and circle the one that does not belong.
四、课后检测（——精选习题分层落实学习目标，突出实践性和发展性）
（一）用must, could ,might , can’t 填空。
1. It ___________be Lucy’s book. Mark Twain is her favorite author.
2. The Japanese tape____________be Alice’s. She doesn’t know Japanese.
3. Don’t you have a friend who___________lend you some money
4. Attending a party______________be exciting.
5. It___________ be true.I don’t believe it.
（二） 单项选择
1. --- Can you swim in the river
--- No, I _____.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. --- May I go swimming now
--- No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
3. --- Excuse me. Where is the zoo
--- Sorry, I don’t know. Ask that policeman. He _____ know.
A. shall B. may C. need D. would
4. ---_______ I finish the work today
---No, you needn’t.
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Need
5. --- Must I finish my homework now
--- No, you _________. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
6. --- Tom, where is your father
--- I’m not sure. He_______ in his office.
A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may
7. ---______________I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum
---Yes, you______________.
A. Must；can B. May；may C. Need；need D. May；need
8. --- Where is Tom
--- He hasn't come to school today. I think he________ be ill.
A. has to B. should C. may D. need
9. --- Need I go there with you
--- Yes, you _____.
A. need B. may C. must D. can
10. This book _____ Lucy’s. Look! Her name is on the book cover.
A. must be B. may be C. can’t be D. mustn’t be
（三）根据汉语完成句子。
1. 你看到在地上的钱也许是上帝给你的压岁钱。
The money you ________ lying on the ground _________ __________the money for the new year from the God.
2. 这本新的英汉字典肯定属于吉姆。
This new ___________________ dictionary __________ __________ _________ Jim.
1. 由于大雨，他来晚了。He came late ___________ ________ the _________ __________.
4. 昨晚，在我的梦中我在无尽的试卷中漂浮。
Last night, in my dream I was ___________ in ________ __________ of paper.
5. 不要让昨天占去今天太多的时间（昨天的事昨天做，今天还有今天事）。
Don’t let yesterday _________ _________ too much of ___________.
6. 我好几天没看见我们的数学老师了。I _______ ________ our math teacher ______ several days.
7. If you _________ ________ _________(如果你知道) where it might be, please call me.
（四）课课练习32
五、教学反思——含教师的教后反思和学生的学后反思。
1.我的收获_______________________________________________________________
2.我的疑惑_______________________________________________________________
