【备考2018】中考英语专题突破训练 阅读理解（科普类）（含解析）

中考英语专题 阅读理解（科普类）
1.【2017年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Almost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways of sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!21·cn·jy·com
Almost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.
A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.
Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply with both eyes closed.
Seals breathe air, but that doesn’t stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.2-1-c-n-j-y
Horses often sleep standing up. Their legs lock in place so they don’t fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.
A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains close to the flamingo’s body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and sleeps) near many other birds to stay safe.21·世纪*教育网
Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for many hours without flapping（拍打）their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.21*cnjy*com
Would you like to sleep how they sleep?
1.The animals that sleep with half their brains are _______.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. ducks and seals B. dolphins and ducks C. bats and dolphins D. flamingos and seabirds
2.Horses often stand up when they sleep because _______.
A. they can run from danger quickly B. they are afraid of falling over
C. this helps them to sleep deeply D. it takes them a long time to go to sleep
3. The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.
A. offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How animals sleep B. Sleep to stay healthy C. Sleep as animals do D. What sleeping animals are like
2.【辽宁省2017年中考模拟英语试题卷一】
Why do plants grow in some places and not in others? Why does some land have so much growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all? To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows. That’s why dry deserts everywhere are almost not covered by trees or grass21世纪21世纪教育网有2·1·c·n·j·y
Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the cracks of the stones to grow in.2·1·c·n·j·y
Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food.2-1-c-n-j-y
What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as beach grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won’t. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day, many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants.21*cnjy*com
1. According to the passage, plants need ________ things to grow well.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2. What does the underlined word “cracks” mean in the text?21*cnjy*com
A. 缝隙 B. 表面 C. 夹层 D. 底部
3. From the passage, we can know it is __________ for plants to grow in dry places.
A. easy B. difficult C. impossible D. important21·cn·jy·com
4. The reason why most plants can’t grow on the sandy beach is that _________.
A. there isn’t enough sunlight B. there is too much water
C. it is too crowed there D. it has little food for plants21教育名师原创作品
5. The passage can most probably be found in a __________ book.
A. science B. history C. travel D. math
3.【全国百强校】重庆市江津中学校2017届九年级下学期抽考升学模拟考试英语试题】
Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 meters. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.【出处：21教育名师】
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting(环绕) the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
1. According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________.
A. can’t be lost in a new city
B. can’t find their way in different countries
C. can learn about the culture of an unknown place
D. can spend the least time getting to another place
2. We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A. there are three parts to the GPS
B. a GPS can’t be put into a watch
C. a GPS can help you start your car
D. the GPS are becoming more and more expensive
3. The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”.
A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations21教育名师原创作品
4. The passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the history of the GPS B. the introduction of the GPS21世纪教育网版权所有
C. the shape of the GPS D. the three parts of the GPS
5. What can we infer(推断) from the passage
A. All GPS devices have electronic maps.
B. People in many countries will use the GPS for free.
C. The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.
D. The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.
4.【江苏省2017年中考英语模拟冲刺卷（1）】
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.
Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people takenapsin the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer(遭受) less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it!
If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1．Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon?
A. Because it’s very hot in summer.
B. Because you eat too much for lunch.
C. Because you didn’t have a good sleep last night.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
D. Because your body temperature goes down at that time.【版权所有：21教育】
2．What advice does the writer give on taking a nap?
A. If your time is limited, a short nap can also help.
B. Only people in warmer climate need to take a nap.
C. You’d better take a nap about an hour after you have lunch.
D. You can sleep as long as you like so that you won’t feel tired or sleepy.
3．What can we learn about “naps” according to the third paragraph?
A. Doctors need to take naps while employers don’t.
B. Taking naps is helpful for people’s health in spring and summer.
C. If you take naps every day, you’ll have less risk of heart disease.21*cnjy*com
D. All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day.21教育网【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
4．What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. You will feel less sleepy if you sleep for a long time.
B. Taking a nap whenever you want will do good to your health.
C. If you get up at 6:30 am, you’d better take a nap at about 2:30 pm.
D. Sleeping for eight hours and you’ll feel sleepy a short period later.【版权所有：21教育】
5．What would be the best title for the text?
A. Just For a Rest. B. All For a Nap.
C. A Special Sleep Pattern. D. Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.21世纪教育网21-cn-jy.comwww.21-cn-jy.com
答案与解析
1.【答案】
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.A
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害形成的不同的睡眠方式。作者介绍了海豚、蝙蝠、鸭子等动物特殊的睡眠方式。21cnjy.com
1.B细节理解题。根据第三段A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time.及第四段 Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too.故选B。
2.A细节理解题。根据第六段A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.
可知马站立睡眠是为了能更快的逃离危险，故选A。
3.D词义猜测题。根据Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.睡在深水下能帮助海豹保持安全远离那些在水面捕猎的动物。that hunt them near the surface作animals的定语，而animals是海豹远离的对象，故可以推测hunt意思是D，故选D。
4.A标题归纳题。根据短文通过作者举例说明了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害而形成的不同的睡眠方式。故选A。www-2-1-cnjy-com21·世纪*教育网
考点：科普类短文阅读。
2.【答案】1. C 2 A 3. B 4. D 5. A
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述了植物生长所需要的四种自然条件：温度，水分，土壤和养分。
1. C 推理判断题。题意：根据短文，植物生长好，需要多少个条件？A.two二；B.three三；C.four四；D.five五。根据短文描述，可知植生长需要四种条件，温度，水分，土壤和养分。故选C。 学+科网
2. A 词义猜测题。题意：文中有下划线的“cracks” 是什么意思？A.缝隙；B.表面；C.夹层；D.底部。联系下文of the stones 石头之间，可知此处指的是缝隙，故选A。21·cn·jy·com21教育网
3. B 推理判断题。题意：从短文中，我们知道植物要在干旱的地方生长是怎样的一件事？A.easy容易的；B.difficult困难的；C.impossible不可能的；D.important重要的。根据第二段In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow.描述，可知植物很难在干旱的地方生长，故选B。【出处：21教育名师】
4. A 推理判断题。题意：本文最有可能在什么书上找到？A.science科学；B.history历史；C.travel旅游； D.math数学。短文主要讲述了植物生长所需要的自然条件，是科学知识。故选A。【出处：21教育名师】
考点：考查科普环保类短文阅读。
3.【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D
3. 联系下文The third part of the system is a network of ground stations.描述，可知指的是地面接收站。故选D。
4. 这篇短文主要介绍了卫星定位系统的工程及工作原理。故选B，介绍卫星定位系统。
5. 根据短文最后一段描述，可知卫星定位系统在日常生活中会变得越来越普通。故选D。
4.【答案】
1．D
2．A
3．C
4．C
5．B
【解析】试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，休息好对于人们的身体是有好处的。2·1·c·n·j·y21cnjy.com
3．C细节理解题。根据第三段第四行 In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer(遭受) less from problems such as heart disease.的描述，可知如果你每天小睡，你得心脏病的风险就少。所以该选C。
4．C细节推断题。根据短文第一段倒数第二句At that time---about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down.可知如果你早上六点半起床，最好的小睡时间是14:30.。所以该选C。
5．B标题归纳题。通读全文可知主要讲述的是小睡对人们的身体有好处。所以该选B。
考点：科普类短文阅读。