课件47张PPT。语法专题讲座
名词名词常见问题及高考考点分析 专有名词
普通名词
个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词
名词词义辨析名词的单复数名词所有格名词前的冠词主谓一致名词做定语 高考考点分析名词的单复数问题1--- How many does a cow have? --- Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach
C．stomachs D．stomachies
以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 –es；但如果以 –ch 结尾的名词发音为 [k]时，只加 –s。
另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加 -s。以0结尾的名词大多数+s,个别+es: heroes, negroes, tomatoes and potatoes …?问题2： The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______.
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs
C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加 s，如:belief---beliefs (briefs griefs chiefs )
roof---roofs proof-proofs cliff-cliffs
safe-safes serf --serfs gulf- gulfs
b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half---halves knife---knives
leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives
life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可, 如：handkerchief ---
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves ?问题3：
When the farmer returned home he found three ______ missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies
当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形 单复数同形的名词有：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss
works(工厂,工事等) , means (方式,手段), head?问题4：
Some ______ visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen
C．Germans D．Germens
国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：
1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss
2、需要变形：English - Englishman
3、加 –s 或 -es：German – Germans
详见下表。?1.6 不同国家的人的单复数
名称 总称(谓语用复数） 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 问题5：
_______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海)
A. The Evens B. The Evens’
C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：
--- Who did you spend last weekend with?
--- _____. (98上海)
A Palmer’s B The Palmers’
C The Palmers D The Palmer’s??问题6：
Mr Smith has two ______, both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 –s。如：grown-ups。?二十条牛
两位过客
四个成年人
他的女婿们
三个女歌星twenty head of cattletwo passers-bythree women singersfour grown-upshis sons-in-lawthree Lady/girl /female singers 名词的可数与不可数常见的不可数名词Advice experience, fun information,
knowledge equipment progress wealth room furniture
.不可数名词可数化1.不可数名词有定语修饰
A good knowledge of
A hard time
Be a great help to sb
２．抽象名词具体化
常见pity ,success ,honour ,shame ,difficulty
Pleasure, surprise等．3. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea.
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。two ice creams ,a black tea,
a heavy rain, a cold wind ,
a population of …,
a good knowledge of …
The car raised a dust .
A good sweat will cure a cold.
Take a rest/ look/ great interest
have a fever/ a bad cold
have a good sleep
die a … death/ live a… life
make an apology 1.夏天去游泳多么有趣。2 你能否就如何学好英语给我一些忠告呢？3 请收集尽可能多的有关奥运的信息。4 你认为电脑是一件办公设备还是一件家具？What fun it is to go swimming in summer.Would you please give me some advice on how to learn English well.Please collect as much information about the Olympic Games as possible.Do you think a computer is a piece of office equipment or a piece of furniture?Pay attention to the following phrases:
keep(break) one’s word
leave word
in a word
in other words
have words with sb.
have a few words(a word) with sb.
守（失）信留言简言之换句话说与某人吵嘴与某人说几句话 Word came that the meeting would be held on Friday.**传来消息会议于星期五召开。** He left _____with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep his _______.
A.words; his words
B.word; word C. words; word
D.the word; his wordB问题1：
He gained his _____ by printing _____ of famous writers. (NMET95)
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词， Works “工厂” ，属单复数同形的可数名词.works 作“作品”解,可数.?问题2：
Can you give us some ______ about the writer?
A．informations
B．information
C．piece of informations
D．pieces information
?名词的所有格一:’s型用法（有生命的所有格）１．有生命的所有格
李平的自行车
汤姆的作品
Tom and Mary’s father Tom’s and Mary’s fathers
2.表某人家，店铺名称，常省去所有格后的名词．
At Green’s , at my uncle’s
At the tailor’sLi ping’s bike Tom’s works共有各有３表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等．
today’s newspaper
ten minutes’ walk
the station’s waiting room４有同位语时，所有格在同位语后加’s
这是我弟弟，李平的书
This is my brother,LiPing’s book .
5.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else 后．
如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？
If this dictionary isn’t yours,who
else’s can it be?二：of 型１.Of 型（无生命名词所有格）
我们学校的学生
房间的窗户
２.所修饰的名词前如有不定冠词，不定代词，数词常用双重所有格The students of our schoolthe window of the rooma + N + of + ’s / mine = one of + Ns
他是我父亲的一个朋友．
e.g. He is a friend of my father’s .
2. this / that + N + of + ’s / mine
( 带有感彩 )
他姐姐的那个聪明儿子
e.g. that clever son of his sister’s
例： (NMET 2001春) If this dictionary is not yours, ______ can it be?
A、what else B、who else
C、which else’s D、who else’s
D解析：本题考查所有格问题。首先明确“这部字典不是你的”，那么它一定是别人（who else）的，根据前后句一致原则，前面用了“你的字典”，后面也应该用who else’s。所以答案应该是D(`83) Miss Smith is a friend of _____.
Mary’s mother B. Mary’s mother’s
C.Mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother’sB双重所有格：当限定词(this)与所有格名词(Li Ming’s)、或名词性物主代词( yours )修饰同一名词时， 就用双重所有格。例如： 我爸爸的那些朋友
黎明的几个朋友
你的那本书
我的一个老朋友 those friends of my father’sa few friends of Li Ming’sthat book of yoursan old friend of mine名词作定语三、名词的通格作定语：名词作定语可表示后一名词的处所、地点、用途、功能、材料、物质、类别、容器的功用、时间等。
e.g. a coffee cup a paper tiger a boy friend
返回问题1
The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. (01北京春季)
A. bicycle’s shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycles’ shop
?名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷问题2
It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ________ journey. （05北京春季）
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan ?
但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。
The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _____ walk. （04上海春季）
A. a four hour B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours D. a four hours'?问题3：
There are only twelve _____ in the hospital.
A．woman doctors
B．women doctors
C．women doctor
D．woman doctor
?名词的搭配问题1
We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. (N 19993)
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction.（05浙江卷）
A．idea B．feeling
C．experience D．sense
??(NMET 97)If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _______. A、message
B、letter C、sentence D、notice
A1. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in __________. (N 1994) (A)
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of
_______. (1998 上海) (B)
A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay
3. The manager has got a good business _______ so the
company is doing well. （03北京春季）（B）
A．idea B．sense C．thought D．Thinking
4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s
______. （04天津）(A)
A reach B hand C hold D place????问题2
A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷）
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of …….?名词词语辨析
Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______. （05天津卷） (C)
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。? (NMET 98) You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D、 usefulness
C解析：本题考查名词词义的辨析。本句要表达的意思是“你会发现这张地图对你周游伦敦有很大价值。”，所以正确答案应该是C。
