语法：宾语从句

课件12张PPT。Language 宾语从句宾语从句概念：在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
句式：主句+引导词+宾语从句
重点：
1)引导词
2)语序(从句为陈述语序）
3)时态（主句和从句的时态一致）
4)标点符号（根据主句）
5)宾语从句的否定转移
6)含有宾语从句的反义疑问句
引导词：
1. that ( 可省略)
Eg: She says (that) she will come tomorrow.
2. if / whether 是否，一般可以转换，但是与or not连用时只能用whether
Eg: He asked if / whether I could speak English.
I don’t know whether Tom will go or not.
3. 连接代词( who, whom, whose, what, which )或副词( when, where, how, why )，即那些特殊疑问词
Eg: Could you tell me what his name is?
语句的顺序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序，其标点符号由主句决定。
Eg: 疑问句：How can I get to the Science…?
Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ?
疑问句：Where did he come from?
He asked him where he came from . 时态的变化
?. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。
Eg:
Tom has been to Guilin twice .
she will come tomorrow .
I hear ( that )
Jim went to work an hour ago .
he is interested in English .?当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
Eg: he was ill yesterday
he would go to Xi’an.
He said ( that )

he was reading a book .

he had had supper already.
直接引语：He said “I have had supper already.”直接引语：He said “I will go to Xian.”直接引语：He said “I am reading a book.” ?当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
Eg:
1) He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .
2) The teacher told the students that no news is good news .
3) I know that he is an excellent student .
4) The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.
宾语从句的否定形式
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。
若主语是第一人称，且主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。
Eg: I think it’s going to rain.
I think it isn’t going to rain.
I don’t think it’s going to rain.

She thinks it’s going to rain.
She thinks it isn’t going to rain.
We don’t believe she will lend you the money .
He thinks that it isn’t going to rain.
We know that he isn’t a teacher.
含宾语从句的反义疑问句 I think it’s going to rain.
I don’t think it’s going to rain.
She thinks it’s going to rain.
We know that he is a teacher.
isn’t it ?is it ?doesn’t she ?don’t we ?主句是第一人称+ think,believe等词的时候，反义疑问句的后面提问要和从句保持一致，但肯定和否定还是要看主句； 其他的情况和主句保持一致。I wondered whether your sister liked fast food or not.
Please tell me what you are looking for.
I want to know what’s the matter with you.
He asked me where I had been.
Do you know if he is a new English teacher?
Nancy told me that Mike had worked in New York for two years.The man told his brother to be polite to others.
Mr Wang told Tom not to be late for class.
Jane asked if Susan could hand in her homework on time.
I told my mother they were having breakfast.
No one knows whose book it is.