现在完成时详解练习及答案

现在完成时
一.过去分词
　　规则动词
　　1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
　　(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
　　(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
　　live---lived---lived , dance-danced-danced
　　(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
以“元音字母 + y ”结尾的动词”， 直接加“ ed ”。play-played-played
　　(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2不规则动词
　
　AAA型
　　原型 过去式 过去分词
　　burst burst burst cast cast cast
　　cost cost cost cut cut cut
　　 hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt
　　put put put　 set set set
　 shut shut shut spread spread spread
　　let let let read read read
　　led led led /ri:d/ /red/ /ri:d/
　AAB型
　　beat beat beaten
　ABA型
　　become became become
　　run ran run come came come
　　
　ABB型
　　bring brought brought
　　buy bought bought build built built
　　burn burnt burnt catch caught caught
　　dig dug dug feel felt felt
　　fight fought fought find found found
　　feed fed fed get got got
　　hang hung hung hear heard heard
　　hold held held keep kept kept
　　lay laid laid lead led led
　　lose lost lost leave left left
　　lend lent lent　 make made made
　　mean meant meant meet met met
　 pay paid paid sell sold sold
　　shoot shot shot　 say said said
　　sit sat sat stand stood stood
　　shine shone shone sweep swept swept
　　sleep slept slept　 spend spent spent
send sent sent teach taught taught
　tell told told think thought thought
　　win won won
ABC型 see saw seen
　　begin began begun blow blew blown
　　break broke broken choose chose chosen
　　draw drew drawn do did done
　　drive drove driven drink drank drunk
　　fly flew flown　 forgive forgave forgiven
　　forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen
　 give gave given go went gone
　　grow grew grown know knew known
　　ride rode ridden rise rose risen
　　ring rang rung shake shook shaken
　　sing sang sung see saw seen
sink sank sunk speak spoke spoken
　　swim swam swum [sw m] throw threw thrown
write wrote written be was/were been
take took taken wear wore worn
二.句型
基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
1 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
He has been here for three days.
2 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.
We haven't swept the floor yet.
3 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
Has Mike ever been to Tonghua
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
How long have you lived here？ 你在这里住了多久了？
三.用法
（1）已完成用法，也叫影响性用法
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：
①I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
②She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)
③-Have you had your lunch yet
-Yes,I have.I’ve just had it .( 我现在不饿了)
④I have already plsted the photos.　 (这些照片已不在我这里了 )
⑤Has she found her car key？ 她找到她的车钥匙了吗？（她能开她的车了吗？）
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
　　
●already “已经”, 用在肯定句的中间或句末We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
never, “从不”用于句中He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。
ever“曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的句中, Have you ever been a teacher？ 你当过教师吗？
just “刚刚”,用于句中She‘s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。.
yet “已经”用于疑问句的句末, Have you finished your homework yet
“还”,用于否定句的句末I haven’t learned the word yet.
（2）未完成用法（持续性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去（也可能到此结束）。
持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）,状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
　　①for+时段 Mary has been ill for three days.
I‘ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了
　　②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
I have lived here since 1998.
　　③since+时段+ago Has your brother been a student since two years ago
　　④since+从句（过去时） She has taught us since I cane to this school.
　　●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）/一段时间+has passed+since从句
①It‘s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。
②It‘s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
③It is three years since he joined the他入团已三年了。
=　 He has been in the League for three years.　
= Three years has passed since he he joinet the League.
= He joined the League three years ago.
　﹡现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
　Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
　I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息　
●注意：现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词(表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等)，不可用于终止性动词(也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束或延续时间很短。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy ,join，become，die等。),要改变动词
a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
1、用have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用的就是：leave→be away from, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
　　：
　　常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
　　1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached e/gone/moved to sw.
　　→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
　　2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
　　3. have come/gone out →have been out
　　4. have become → have been
　　5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
　　6. have got up → have been up；
　　7. have died → have been dead；
　　8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
　　9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
　　10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
　　11. havemarried → have been married；
　　12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；
　　13. have begun → have been on
　　14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
　　15. have lost → haven’t had
　　16. have put on →have worn
　　17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
　　18. have got to know → have known
　　19. have/has gone to → have been in
　　20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
　　→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
Eg. The film has been on for five minutes.
It is five minutes since the film began
The film began five minutes ago.
◆但在否定句中,短暂性动词可以与时间段连用.如:
I haven't bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年.
She hasn't come here for an hour.
她来这儿还没有一个小时.
　　
　　
　
四.一般过去时和现在完成时比较
　　（ 1 ）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+ have/ has + 动词（V.）的过去分词”。 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
　　(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
　　试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：
　　① A:Have you seen the film
　　B:Did you see the film
　　分析：你看过这部电影吗？（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
　　② A:How has he done it
　　B:How did he do it
　　分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（ A ）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
　　③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
　　B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
　　分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。
　　（3）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
　　比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）
　　I washed the car a moment ago.　我刚才洗过车了。
　　She has watered the flowers.　她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
　　She watered the flowers yesterday.　她昨天浇的花。
　　I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。
　　I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.　我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。
　　（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
　　比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
　　It rained for five hours yesterday.　昨天下了5个小时的雨。
　　He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
　　He waited for her two hours and then went home.　他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。
　　I have reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）
　　I reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）
▼现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点
　　1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如:
I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001.
　　2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years.
　　Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years.
　　以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有意义上和用法上的差别.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点
　　1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever "曾经"连用,如:
　　We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块.
　　She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩.
　　而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要进行下去的动作,一般不与already或ever等连用,如:
　　We have been learning Module 4. 我们一直在学习第四模块.(不一定学完)
注意下面这组句子含义上的区别: I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完) I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完)
2. 相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如: I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.)
I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见他.)
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如:
—You look so tired, what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了 (强调动作)
—We are very tired. We've been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致)
—We've cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果"房子干净")
4. 现在完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情.这时,我们要用现在完成时态.如:
I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×)
I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.
5. 现在完成时强调"事实";而现在完成进行时则强调"动作",并且常含有喜悦,愤怒,不满,厌恶等感彩.如: The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天.(强调事实)
The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感彩)
6. 如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如:
　　I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished.
　　I've cleaned the house, but I still haven't finished.(×)
五. 掌握have/has been in, have/has been to , have/has gone to的用法区别（分别是：已经在……地方，已经去过……地方了，已经去了……地方）。而后接地点副词时要去掉介词，
☆have gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：
—Where is Jim？———吉姆在哪里？
—He has gone to England. ———他去英国了。（尚未回来）
Mr Wang isn't here．He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。
☆have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。如：
My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。
I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
☆have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。如：
I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。
He has been in London for half a month. 他来伦敦已有半个月了。
I have been at this town for three years.我在这小镇已经三年了。
现在完成时练习题：
一、翻译下列句子：
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4. 他已经吃过午饭
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7.这本字典我已买了三年了。
8.他离开中国三年了。
9.我认识他们五年了。
10.他们已去了美国五年了。
11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。
12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。
14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。
二、用since和for填空
1.______two years 2.____two years ago
3.___last month 4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock
7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago
9. ___we were children
10._____ lunch time
11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.
④ close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear
catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.
3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.
⑧have / has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier
→ be a member of the league / the Party
→ be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He _________________ a _________________ for two years.
He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years.
He _______________________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.
四、划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place
B: He _____________ there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack He __________ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____ He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now --- I ____ to the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter
七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film ” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______ ” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet
7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
现在完成时态练习题答案
一．翻译下列句子：
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips
2. I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. I have never been to the farm before.
4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.
5. Have you seen the movie yet
6. My brother hasn’t come /get / been back yet = My brother hasn’t returned yet.
7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.
8. Has been away from China for three years.
9. I have known them for five years.
10. They have been in the USA for five years.
11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.
12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.
13. They have known each other since 1999.
14. I have been in this school for over three years.
二、用since或者for填空
1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
① 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008
3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week
② 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday
③ 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years
④ 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open
⑤ 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from
3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over
5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990
⑥ 1. have taught , 1995 2. has been on , two minutes
⑦ 1. have kept , last week 2. have had , two hours
3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years
⑧ has been in
⑨ has been , League member
has been , member of , League has been in
2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army
四、划线提问
1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here
3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where has Li Fei gone
B: He has gone to Hainan Island.
A: How long has he been there
B: He has been there for three days.
A: When will he come back, do you know
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island
B: Sorry, I have never been there.
A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place
B: He has been there only once.
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1. has gone to 2. went to3. has been in 4. have , been in
5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been 7. have been in / at
8. has gone to 9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been
11. are , going ; am going 12. goes13. Did , go 14. Do , go
七、综合练习:
1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空：
1. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left
5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found
7. have , had 8. have , returned
9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished
11. has read 12. bought 13. lost
14. have been reading / has read
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