21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-- a modern hero
Section II Learning about the language同步学案
学习目标：
1．掌握本节重点词汇
2．能够熟练掌握由关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法。
重难点：由关系代词when,where,why引导的定语从句的用法。
一、自主预习：找出并翻译下列短语
1.lose heart
2.处于困境
3.put sb.in prison
4.被允许做某事
5.be willing to do sth.
6.鼓励某人做某事
7.我的一个好朋友
8.be known to
9.离......远
语法
Ⅰ.观察下列句子
1.What is the name of the town where we stayed last night 2·1·c·n·j·y
2.Oct.1,1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
3.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4.The school in which he once studied is very famous.21世纪教育网版权所有
5.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.21·世纪*教育网
【总结】
由以上1～3例句可以看出，若定语从句所修饰的 在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用 或“介词＋which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作 ；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作 宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导，如例4～5。21*cnjy*com
Ⅱ.1. where 指______, 在从句中作_______. Where =in which.【出处：21教育名师】
The school was three kilometers away. I studied in the school for only two years.
____________________________________________________________________.
2.when 指______, 在从句中作_______. When =on which/ in which/ at which.
The time was a very difficult period of my life. I first met Nelson Mandela at the time.
_____________________________________________________________________.
3.why 指______, 在从句中作_______. Why=for which
The reason was because of my hard work. I got a job for the reason.21教育网
______________________________________________________________________.
Ⅲ.关系副词和关系代词的判断方法：
关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中的成分。如果作_____, 则用关系副词或介词+which；如果作______, 就要用关系代词。2-1-c-n-j-y
1. I will never forget the days____ I spent with my cousins in the countryside.
2. I will never forget the days____ I worked with my cousins on the farm.
3. The reason ____ he gave for not coming was that his mother didn't allow him to come.
4. The reason ___ he was late was that didn't allow him to come. www.21-cn-jy.com
5. The museum ____ we visited last week was built last year.【版权所有：21教育】
6. The museum ____ he works was built last year.
Ⅳ.介词+关系代词(which/whom) 引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句，修饰物时用_____而不用that，修饰人时用____而不用who.21教育名师原创作品
1. We were put into a position in _____ we had to accept we were less important, or fight the government.21*cnjy*com
2. Mandela was the black lawyer to ______I went for advice.
3. He was generous with his time, for ______ I was grateful
Ⅴ.定语从句中的注意事项
1．定语从句与并列句：并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
He has two children，and both of them are abroad.
He has two children，both of whom are abroad.
2．定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Rice doesn’t grow well where there is not enough water.( 从句)
I still remember the farm where(＝in which) my parents worked ten years ago.( 从句)
3．定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的It is/was与that/who去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。
It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.( 句)
It is the factory where Mr Wang works.( 句)
4．定语从句与结果状语从句：在such...as/that结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少任何成分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that来引导结果状语从句。
She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.
It is such a big stone as no one can move.
5. 分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时定语从句和先行词之间可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开，这种从句叫分隔式定语从句。21·cn·jy·com
There are many students in my class who come from the countryside.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace
A new teacher will come next week who will teach us math.
6.当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从……中”。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。
He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
【练习】
1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
2. Is this factory ___ some foreign friends visited last Friday
A. That B. where C. which D. the one
3.I shall never forget those years __ I live in the farm __ you visited last week.
A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where
4. Do you know the reason ___he was late
A. for which B. for what C. which D. that
5.May the fourth is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which B. when C. on which D. about which
6. Is that the reason ___ you are in favor of the proposal
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
7.I like the second football match ____ was held last week.
A. which B. who C. that D. /
8.I will never forget the day____ we studied together.
A. at which B. on that C. at that D. on which
9.I should like to use the same TV set ___ is used in your classroom.
A. which B. who C. as D. whose
10.The Second World War ___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. on which B. where C. in that D. during which
三、作业：完成同步练习
答案
一、自主预习
1.失去信心 2.in trouble 3.把某人投入监狱 4.be allowed to do sth. 5.乐意做某事 6.encourage sb.to do sth. 7.a good friend of mine 8.为......所熟知 9. be far away from
二、语法
Ⅰ.先行词 关系副词 状语 介词
Ⅱ.1. 地点，地点状语
The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.21cnjy.com
1.which
2. whom
3. which
Ⅴ.2.状语 定语 3.强调 定语从
【练习】
BDCAA CCDCD
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 6 页）(共30张PPT)
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
人教新课标版 必修一
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know.
2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady ____ comes from Beijing.
3. Is there anything else _______ you want
4. What’s the name of the man ______ car you borrowed
that /×
who
that /×
whose
教学目标
关系代词填空
5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars.
6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him
7. Is that the house _________ you bought last year
8. He showed a machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
that
who
which /×
whose
关系代词：
who, whom, whose, which, that
引导定语从句的关系词有：
教学目标
定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when，where，why引导。它们在从句中作状语。
1．关系副词when引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词，且在定语从句中充当时间状语时，用when引导，也可以用“介词＋which”来代替when。
I will never forget the day when/on which an earthquake struck Wenchuan，Sichuan Province.
when是关系副词，在从句中只能作状语，而不能作宾语或主语。关系词如在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词which或that，作宾语时常常省略关系代词。
比较：
Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together
关系词在从句中作spent的宾语
Do you remember the days(when/during which)we worked together
关系词在从句中作状语
2．关系副词where引导的定语从句
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词，且在定语从句中充当地点状语时，用where引导定语从句，也可以用“介词＋which”来代替where。
This is the factory where/in which he works.
(1)若表示地点的先行词在从句中不作地点状语时，不可用where来引导定语从句，若作主语或宾语时，应用which或that来引导定语从句。
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
that/which在从句中作主语，是关系代词
The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.
关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语
(2)一些特殊名词后用where引导定语从句。如果定语从句前面的先行词是point，situation，condition，stage和case等，且在从句中作状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。
We have come to the point where we have to face such a problem.
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
3．关系副词why引导的定语从句
(1)当先行词是reason时，可以用why引导限制性定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why he was late
The reason why he told a lie is unclear.
(2)我们也可以用for which来代替why。
The reason why/for which you failed，I think，was that you had not followed your mother's advice.
若先行词reason在从句中不作状语，而作主语或宾语时，应用that或which来引导定语从句。
This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.
关系代词在从句中作宾语
He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.
关系代词在从句中作主语
方法指导
选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语，则选择相应的关系 _____。当先行词在从句中作主语, 宾语或表语, 则选择相应的关系 _____。
副词
代词
练习
1.I’ll never forget the days _____________
we worked (vi.) together.
2. I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent (vt.) together.
3. I went to the company _______________ I worked (vi.) ten years ago.
when/in which
which
where / in which
4. I went to the company ______ I visited (vt.) ten years ago.
5. This is the reason ______________ he was late.
6. This is the reason __________ he gave.(vt.)
which
why/ for which
that/which
4．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which而不用that；修饰人时用whom而不用who。
This is the village in which he was born twenty years ago.
This is the person from whom I borrowed money.
(1)动词短语中的介词不可与动词分开并提至关系代词前。常见的动词短语有listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。
This is the baby whom my mother is looking after.(after不可提到whom前面)
(2)“介词＋which/whom”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
That was the way in which she looked after us.
He has two daughters，one of whom works as a nurse.
He is the man ___ whom you can believe.
1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
in
2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He gave me some books _____ which I am not very familiar.
with
判断介词方法
3. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
This is our classroom, ______________ which there is a teacher’s desk.
in the front of
练习
1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea.
2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.
4. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics.
from which
about whom
for which
at which
5. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.
6. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.
7. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived
8. I will treasure the days ________ I lived here.
with whom
on which
in which
for which
教学目标
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church， you can hear some lovely music.
2.Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
3.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
where
which
where
4.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _____ he should be able to be independent.
5.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
6.He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
7.September 30 is the day by you must pay you bill.
when
which
which
which
8.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball.
9.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _____ uses it somewhat differently.
10.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.
which
where
where
教学目标
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物
后看从句里, 有无主宾语
谢 谢！
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
有大把优质资料？一线名师？一线教研员？赶快加入21世纪教育网名师合作团队吧！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：http://www.21cnjy.com/zhaoshang/21世纪教育网 –中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-- a modern hero Section Ⅱ 同步练习
I. 用关系副词（where, when, why）或“介词+关系代词”补全下列句子。
1. The house ________ we once lived is being repaired by the workers.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. The reason ________ he refused the invitation is not clear.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. The book ________ I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
4. The bookstore ________ I bought my books is having a sale this week. 【版权所有：21教育】
5. December is a time ________ a lot of Americans buy gifts.www.21-cn-jy.com
6. The hotel ________ we stayed was both cheap and comfortable.
7. Do you know the man ________ I shook hands just now
8. The days are gone ________ we suffered a lot.
Ⅱ. 完型填空
I spent this morning cleaning up the home in which I live.Now I am not talking about the house I am sitting in right now.As I 1 ，I can see the sink is still full of dirty dishes.Dust is starting to 2 on the pictures, tables, and even my computer again.Dirt 3 to be swept up from the floor and pet hair needs to be cleaned 4 the couch.What is more, the 5 in the turtle's aquarium has to be changed.
Yet, as I look at my dirty, little house I 6 have to smile, because I know that the home in which I live is 7 right now.That home is my soul (心灵)．When I 8 this morning I noticed that it also had become 9 again.I wasn't willing to let it 10 that way for long, though.I have learned that a dusty soul leads to a terrible day and that terrible days lead to a(n) 11 life.
I spent the morning cleaning my soul from top to 12 ．I swept the negative thoughts from my mind and the 13 feelings from my heart.Worries, anger, and fear were 14 into the garbage can.When I was done I felt 15 in my home once more.
The house in which I sit may need a lot of 16 ，but it will have to wait its turn.The home in which I live is what I am most 17 about.I hope that the same is 18 for you.I hope that you always make efforts to keep your soul 19 ，beautiful, and full of love and care.Remember some day you will leave your house behind, but you will 20 your home with you.
1．A.look around B．put forward C．move back D．take down
2．A.attack B．jump C．gather D．sit
3．A.hopes B．needs C．expects D．wants
4．A.of B．Out C．away D．off
5．A.plant B．stone C．sand D．water
6．A.ever B．still C．never D．hardly
7．A.clean B．dirty C．quiet D．comfortable
8．A.turned up B．stood up C．took up D．woke up
9．A.crazy B．lazy C．dusty D．rainy
10．A.lie B．stay C．keep D．hold
11．A.interesting B．frightened C．satisfying D．wasted
12．A.top B．side C．bottom D．middle
13．A.harmful B．useful C．healthy D．painful
14．A.collected B．thrown C．set D．arranged
15．A.safe B．sad C．calm D．excited
16．A.work B．time C．pack D．decoration
17．A.bored B．interested C．upset D．concerned
18．A.suitable B．wrong C．true D．helpful
19．A.dark B．bright C．sharp D．clever
20．A.bring B．join C．take D．move
Ⅲ.阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to deal with your homework
Write it down.__1__Make a note on your notebook.Always be sure to write down any homework for school so you won’t forget anything.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Create a homework station.Find somewhere comfortable and quiet to work.__2__It will take twice as long to get the homework done.Shut off your cell phone，log off (退出) your computer (unless you will need it for your homework) and close the door.2-1-c-n-j-y
Do it as early as possible.Don’t leave homework to the last minute.__3__The earlier you start your homework，the sooner you will finish！Do all your homework as early as you can，so you don’t have a pile of (一堆) homework the next day.
__4__Think about how long it will take you to complete each homework subject.For example：English—ten minutes，science—ten minutes，math—forty minutes，history—twenty minutes.
Treat yourself.You can easily get tired by sitting through an hour or two of homework without stopping.Once you finish homework for a subject，take a small break.Just make sure it’s quick (no more than 15 minutes)．Do not turn on the TV，or you’ll never go back and finish your homework.__5__
A．Use your time wisely.
B．Start as soon as you get home.
C．Start with your hardest homework.
D．Never do your homework in front of the TV.
E．You can take a walk or find something to eat.
F．After short breaks，return to finish up the last of your work.21世纪教育网版权所有
G．Keep a homework notebook where you record all your homework.
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My friend Henry, with him I studied in the same class, didn't like studying at school. That's because he couldn't go to high school. He had to return back to his hometown, where his father wished him to learn to manage our small shop. However, the young man was not interesting in it and didn't do as his father said. He spends a lot of time reading and learned how to repair cars. Last month, I accepted an e mail from him inviting me take my vacation in his hometown. I started off. Seeing that he was such successful, I said, “Henry, all road lead to Rome. You are great！”
答案
I. 1. where / in which 2. why / for which 3. from which 4. where / from which 5. when / at which 6. where / at which / in which 7. with whom 8. when / during which
Ⅱ. 完型填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过跟现实中的“家”对比，讲述我们的心灵有时会产生消极负面的念头，我们要学会经常清理自己的心灵。21教育网
1.【解析】 根据下文的“I can see the sink is still full of dirty dishes”可知，当作者环顾自己的家时，发现家里很乱。21cnjy.com
【答案】 A
2.【解析】 墙上的挂画、桌子甚至电脑开始布满灰尘。gather dust有“积灰”之意，符合语境。
【答案】 C
3.【解析】 根据下文的“and pet hair needs to be cleaned 4 the couch”可知，此空填needs。
【答案】 B
7.【解析】 根据语境可知，作者笑的原因是，此时此刻，作者的心灵却非常干净。
【答案】 A
8.【解析】 早晨当作者醒来(wake up)时，作者发现自己的心灵(同自己的小屋一样)也布满了灰尘，即作者头脑里有很多消极的思想。2·1·c·n·j·y
【答案】 D
9.【解析】 根据上题的解释可知，应选dusty，表示“落满灰尘的”。
【答案】 C
10.【解析】 根据下文的“I have learned that a dusty soul leads to a terrible day and that terrible days lead to a(n) 11 life.”这一句话可知，“我”不想让这些消极的思想在心灵中停留(stay)很久。21·世纪*教育网
【答案】 B
11.【解析】 根据该空所在句的意思“我知道，布满灰尘的心灵会带来糟糕的一天，而糟糕的日子又会导致……的人生”可推知，该空应是一个与terrible同类的词，故wasted“荒废的”符合语境。21教育名师原创作品
【答案】 D
12.【解析】 作者花了整个早晨的时间将自己的心灵彻底清扫。
【答案】 C
13.【解析】 根据上文的“I swept the negative thoughts from my mind”中的negative可知，此处应用harmful，表示“有害的”。21·cn·jy·com
【答案】 A
14.【解析】 作者把所有负面的思想统统扔进(throw)垃圾桶。
【答案】 B
19.【解析】 根据下文的“beautiful，and full of love and care”这一句话可知，用bright表示“保持心灵敞亮”。21*cnjy*com
【答案】 B
20.【解析】 某一天你将离开你的房子，但是你的心灵之屋却永远与你相伴。take“带走”符合语境。
【答案】 C
Ⅲ.阅读理解
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章就如何应对家庭作业给出了几点建议。
1．解析： 根据该段的小标题Write it down和该空后的Make a note，Always be sure to write down any homework可知，要将家庭作业记下来。21*cnjy*com
答案： G
5．解析： 根据上文中的take a small break和finish your homework可知，短暂休息过后，最终还是要继续完成作业。
答案： F
Ⅳ.短文改错
My friend Henry, with I studied in the same class, didn't like studying at school. That's he couldn't go to high school. He had to return back to his hometown, where his father wished him to learn to manage small shop. However, the young man was not in it and didn't do as his father said. He a lot of time reading and learned how to repair cars. Last month, I an e mail from him inviting me take my vacation in his hometown. I started off. Seeing that he was successful, I said, “Henry, all lead to Rome. You are great！”【出处：21教育名师】
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://www.21cnjy.com/" 版权所有@21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
