高中英语 名词性从句

名词性从句
名词性从句
　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
(Noun
Clauses）。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
　　
连接词：that,whether,if
不充当从句的任何成分）
　　
连接代词：what,
whatever,
who,
whoever,
whom,
　　　　　　　
whose,
which.
　　
连接副词：when,
where,
how,
why
　　
不可省略的连词：
　　　　1.
介词后的连词
　　　　2.
引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
　　　　　That
she
was
chosen
made
us
very
happy.
　　　　　We
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.
　比较：whether与if
均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether
不能被if
取代：
1.
whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.
引导表语从句
3.
whether从句作介词宾语
4.
从句后有"or
not"
　　
Whether
he
will
come
is
not
clear.
　　大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用
it充当形式主语。
　　It
is
not
important
who
will
go.
　　It
is
still
unknown
which
team
will
win
the
match.
2
名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主
语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
　
主语：That
he
is
still
alive
is
sheer
luck.　
他还活着全靠运气。
　
宾语：John
said
that
he
was
leaving
for
London
on
Wednesday.　约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
　
表语：The
fact
is
that
he
has
not
been
seen
recently.　　　事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
　
同位语：The
fact
that
he
has
not
been
seen
recently
disturbs
everyone
in
his
office.
　　　　　　　近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
　
形容词宾语：I
am
glad
that
you
are
satisfied
with
your
job.
　　　　　　　你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
　　It
is
quite
clear
that
the
whole
project
is
doomed
to
failure.　很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
　　It's
a
pity
that
you
should
have
to
leave.　你非走不可真是件憾事。
　　
　　用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
　
a.
It
+
be
+形容词+
that-从句
　　　It
is
necessary
that…　　　
有必要……
　　　It
is
important
that…　　　
重要的是……
　　　It
is
obvious
that…　　　　
很明显……
　
b.
It
+
be
+
-ed
分词+
that-从句
　　　It
is
believed
that…　　　　　人们相信……
　　　It
is
known
to
all
that…　　　从所周知……
　　　It
has
been
decided
that…　　
已决定……
　
c.
It
+
be
+名词+
that-从句
　　　It
is
common
knowledge
that…　
……是常识
　　　It
is
a
surprise
that…　　
令人惊奇的是……
　　　It
is
a
fact
that…　　　　
事实是……
　
d.
It
+不及物动词+
that-分句
　　　It
appears
that…　　　　　　似乎……
　　　It
happens
that…　　　　　　碰巧……
　　　It
occurred
to
me
that…　　
我突然想起……
3
名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,
whom,.
whose,
whoever,
what,
whatever,
which,
whichever等连接代词和where,
when,
how,
why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语：
How
the
book
will
sell
depends
on
its
author.　书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In
one's
own
home
one
can
do
what
one
likes.　在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The
club
will
give
whoever
wins
a
prize.　
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语：
My
question
is
who
will
take
over
president
of
the
Foundation.　我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She
will
name
him
whatever
she
wants
to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：　　I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
return.　
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm
not
sure
why
she
refused
their
invitation.　
我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语：　That
depends
on
where
we
shall
go.　
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：
　It
is
not
yet
decided
who
will
do
that
job.　
　还没决定谁做这项工作。
　It
remains
unknown
when
they
are
going
to
get
married.　
他们何时结婚依然不明。
4
if,
whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句
　　从属连词if,
whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，
例如：
　主语：Whether
the
plan
is
feasible
remains
to
be
proved.
这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
　宾语：Let
us
know
whether
/
if
you
can
finish
the
article
before
Friday.　请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
　表语：The
point
is
whether
we
should
lend
him
the
money.　问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
　同位语：They
are
investigating
the
question
whether
the
man
is
trustworthy.　他们调查他是否值得信赖。
　形容词宾语：
She's
doubtful
whether
we
shall
be
able
to
come.　
她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
　介词宾语：
I
worry
about
whether
he
can
pass
through
the
crisis
of
his
illness.　　我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
　
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or
not构成，例如：
　
Please
tell
me
whether
/
if
they
are
Swedish
or
Danish.
请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
　
I
don't
care
whether
you
like
the
plan
or
not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
5
否定转移
1)
将think,
believe,
suppose,
expect,
fancy,
imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
　
I
don't
think
I
know
you.　我想我并不认识你。
　
I
don'
t
believe
he
will
come.　我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
　
I
hope
you
weren't
ill.
我想你没有生病吧。
2)
将seem,
appear
等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
　
It
doesn't
seem
that
they
know
where
to
go.
　
看来他们不知道往哪去。
　
It
doesn't
appear
that
we'll
have
a
sunny
day
tomorrow.
　
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)
有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
　
I
don't
remember
having
ever
seen
such
a
man.　
　
我记得从未见过这样一个人。
(not否定动名词短语
having…)
　
It's
not
a
place
where
anyone
would
expect
to
see
strange
characters
on
the
street.
　
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
　(anyone
作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4)
有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
　
The
ant
is
not
gathering
this
for
itself
alone.　(否定状语)　蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
　
He
was
not
ready
to
believe
something
just
because
Aristotle
said
so.
(否定because状语)
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
　She
had
not
been
married
many
weeks
when
that
man's
younger
brother
saw
her
and
was
struck
by
her
beauty.　(否定状语many
weeks)　她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
名词性从句练习
(
)1.Father
made
a
promise
_____
he
would
buy
me
a
ten
speed
bicycle
as
a
birthday
present.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
that
D.
how
(
)2.She
asked
the
young
man_____.
A.
what’s
wrong
with
him
B.
what
was
wrong
with
him
C.
what’s
trouble
D.
how
was
he
(
)3.Can
you
tell
me
_____the
post
office
A.
how
I
can
get
to
B.
how
can
I
get
to
C.
where
I
can
get
to
D.
where
can
I
get
to
(
)4.The
question
is
_____it
is
worth
doing.
A.
how
B.
whether
C.
that
D.
what
(
)5.It
is
known
to
all
_____the
sun
rises
in
the
east.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
that
D.
when
(
)6._____you
have
done
might
do
harm
to
him.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
Which
D.
This
(
)7.Go
and
get
your
coat.
It’s
_____you
left
it.
A.
there
B.
where
C.
there
where
D.
where
there
(
)8.Do
you
know_____
A.
who
is
she
B.
what
she
is
C.
whom
she
is
D.
what
is
she
(
)9._____mathematics
is
the
base
of
all
other
sciences.
A.
This
is
because
B.
This
is
that
C.
It
is
that
D.
Because
(
)10.
I
don’t
know_____.
A.
How
old
is
he
B.
he
is
how
old
C.
how
old
he
is
D.
is
he
how
old
(
)11.It
was
under
the
dark
_____Fred
found
the
watch.
A.
where
B.
that
C.
which
D.
there
(
)12.The
suggestion
_____we
should
make
a
bicycle
trip
to
collect
money
for
the
disabled
is
worth
considering.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
in
which
(
)13.The
important
thing
is
_____improve
our
English.
A.
how
we
can
B.
how
can
we
C.
what
we
can
D.
what
can
we
(
)14.We
must
do
_____to
help
him.
A.
that
we
can
B.
which
we
can
C.
what
we
can
D.
those
we
can
(
)15.Our
home
town
is
no
longer
_____.
A.
what
it
is
B.
which
it
was
C
that
it
used
to
be
D.
what
it
used
to
be
(
)16.The
method
_____you
solved
the
problem
is
good.
A.
with
that
B.
that
C.
with
which
D.
which
(
)17.It
was
said
_____was
how
the
Chinese
first
raised
silkworms.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
that
that
D.
of
that
(
)18._____do
you
think
is
right
_____difficulties
you
may
have

A.
What,
whatever
B.
That,
that
C.
Which,
what
D.
How,
whatever
(
)19._____leaves
the
room
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.
A.
Anyone
B.
The
person
C.
Wherever
D.
Whoever
(
)20._____breaks
the
law
should
be
punished.
A.
The
person
B.
Who
C.
Whoever
D.
Anyone
(
)21._____will
go
makes
no
difference.
A.
Whether
B.
Who
C.
What
D.
How
(
)22._____she’s
coming
or
not
doesn’t
matter
too
much.
A.
Why
B.
Whoever
C.
When
D.
Whether
(
)23._____they
will
start
has
not
been
decided
yet.
A.
Why
B.
Whoever
C.
When
D.
Whether
(
)24._____he
did
that
wasn’t
quite
clear.
A.
Why
B.
Whoever
C.
When
D.
Whether
(
)25._____had
a
ticket
could
go
there.
A.
Why
B.
Whoever
C.
When
D.
Whether
(
)26._____he
comes
form
America
is
true.
A.
Whether
B.
How
C.
That
D.
What
(
)27.Our
town
is
no
longer
_____it
used
to
be
.
A.
whether
B.
how
C.
that
D.
what
(
)28.He
asked
_____dictionary
it
was.
A.
why
B.
whose
C.
where
D.
whether
(
)29.It
was
about
600
years
ago
_____the
first
clock
with
a
face
and
an
hour
hand
was
made.
A.
until
B.
that
C.
before
D.
when
(
)30.I
don’t
know
_____we
are
going
to
have
this
meeting.
Which
answer
is
wrong
A.
why
B.
what
C.
where
D.
whether
(
)31.Please
tell
me
_____they
will
come.
A.
why
B.
whose
C.
where
D.
whether
(
)32.Pay
attention
to
_____the
teacher
said.
A.
why
B.
whose
C.
where
D.
what
(
)33.I
don’t
believe
_____she
will
come.
A.
if
B.
how
C.
that
D.
why
(
)34.The
trouble
is
_____she
has
lost
his
address.
A.
how
B.
that
C.
what
D.
whether
(
)35.The
question
is
_____it
is
worth
doing.
A.
how
B.
that
C.
what
D.
whether
(
)36.That
is
_____he
is
worried
about.
A.
how
B.
that
C.
what
D.
whether
(
)37.I
have
no
idea
_____he
will
be
back.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
that
D.
when
(
)38.We
heard
the
news
_____our
team
had
won.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
that
D.
when
(
)39.Miss
Yan
decided
_____she
would
not
go
abroad.
A.
on
B.
that
C.
to
D.
in
(
)40.I
asked
Jack_____.
A.
had
he
ever
been
to
London
B.
had
you
ever
been
to
London
C.
if
he
had
ever
been
to
London
D.
that
he
had
ever
been
to
London
(
)41.It
is
strange
that
_____little
animal
eats
_____many
insects.
A.
so,
so
B.
such
a,
such
C.
such
a,
so
D.
so,
such
(
)42.Is
this
factory
_____he
worded
in
ten
years
ago
A.
the
one
where
B.
the
one
C.
which
D.
where
(
)43._____we’ll
go
camping
tomorrow
depends
on
the
weather.
A.
If
B.
Whether
C.
That
D.
Where
(
)44.Do
you
know_____
A.
the
time
to
start
the
movie
B.
the
movie
what
time
starts
C.
what
time
the
movie
starts
C.
what
time
does
the
movie
start
(
)45.____he
actually
saw
was
more
surprising
than
______he
told
us.
A.
As,
what
B.
What,
that
C.
As,
as
D.
What,
what
(
)46.The
reason
I
have
to
go
is
_____if
I
don’t.
A.
that
she
will
be
disappointed
B.
because
she
will
be
disappointed
C.
because
of
her
being
disappointed
D.
that
she
will
be
disappointing
(
)47.It
was
_____he
worked
hard
that
he
succeeded.
A.
because
B.
since
C.
as
D.
for
(
)48.Is
this_____
A.
you
are
looking
for
B.
that
you
are
looking
for
C.
what
are
you
looking
for
D.
what
you
are
looking
for
(
)49.This
is
_____we
managed
to
find
our
way
out
of
the
forest.
A.
that
B.
reason
why
C.
how
D.
what
(
)50._____do
you
think
will
teach
us
maths
next
term
A.
Whom
B.
Who
C.
What
D.
That
(
)51.He
made
_____he
wouldn’t
change
his
mind.
A.
that
quite
clear
B.
it
quite
clear
C.
quite
clear
D.
how
clear
that
(
)52.They
still
can
not
decide
on
_____.
A.
whether
to
go
there
or
not
B.
if
to
go
or
not
C.
whether
they
go
there
D.
if
they
will
go
there
(
)53.I
doubt
_____.
A.
whether
can
he
come
B.
that
he
can
come
C.
if
he
can
come
D.
whether
can
he
come
or
not
(
)54.You
must
keep
it
in
mind_____
you
are
a
student
.
A.
because
B.
that
C.
which
D.
for
(
)55._____
you
are,
do
well
_____
our
motherland
wants
you
to
do.
A.
Whoever,
whatever
B.
However,
what
C.
Whomever,
how
D.
What,
however
(
)56._____
there
is
life
on
another
planet
is
almost
impossible.
A.
How
B.
That
C.
Why
D.
Whether
(
)57.It
is
not
clear
_____
he
did
it.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
whom
D.
why
(
)58.I
wondered______.
A.
why
they
have
put
off
the
meeting
B.
why
had
they
put
off
the
meeting
C.
why
they
put
off
the
meeting
D.
why
they
had
put
off
the
meeting
(
)59.Tobacco
companies
try
to
encourage
more
young
people
to
start
to
smoke.
The
reason
is
____they
want
to
remain
in
business.
A.
that
B.
because
C.
why
D.
how
(
)60.It
worried
her
a
bit
_____her
hair
was
turning
grey.
A.
while
B.
that
C.
if
D.
whether
(
)61.They
asked
me
the
question
_____I
had
finished
reading
the
book.
A.
if
B.
whether
C.
when
D.
why
(
)62.I
wonder
how
many
years
ago______.
A.
did
your
father
retire
B.
your
father
retired
C.
has
your
father
retired
C.
your
father
has
retired
(
)63.The
thought
______he
might
fail
in
the
exam
worried
him.
A.\
B.
when
C.
that
D.
which
(
)64._______I
can’t
understand
is
______he
wants
to
change
his
mind.
A.
That,
that
B.
Which,
how
C.
What,
what
D.
What,
why
(
)65.It’s
my
suggestion
______we
have
a
trip
the
day
after
tomorrow.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
that
D.
where
名词性从句答案
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.C
6.B
7.B
8.B
9.A
10.C
11.B
12.B
13.A
14.C
15.D
16.C
17.C
18.A
19.D
20.C
21.B
22.D
23.C
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.D
28.B
29.B
30.B
31.D
32.D
33.C
34.B
35.D
36.C
37.D
38.C
39.B
40.C
41.C
42.B
43.B
44.C
45.D
46.A
47.A
48.D
49.C
50.B
51.B
52.A
53.C
54.B
55.A
56.B
57.D
58.D
59.A
60.B
61.B
62.B
63.C
64.D
65.C