定语从句（无答案）

定语从句
一、概念
A.主句、从句、关系词
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
B.
关系词的三个作用
1、引导定语从句。
2、代替先行词。
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例句：This
is
the
boy
who
won
the
first
prize
in
the
English
Speech
Competition.
关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
关系代词
who
人
主语，宾语
Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother
whom
人
宾语
The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war.
which
物
主语，宾语
The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
that
人，物
主语，宾语
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
whose
人，物
定语
I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
例题精讲
选择关系词
1．We’ll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
答案　which/that
解析　考查定语从句。which/that指代targets，在从句中充当set的宾语。
2．The
exact
year
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
答案　which/that
解析　考查定语从句。先行词是the
exact
year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故填which/that。
3．A
company
profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities
abroad.
答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故应填whose。
4．Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子成分后可知，“are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，指人，所以用who引导。
名师点拨
做此类题的关键是判断先行词和分析句子成分。
若句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词；
若句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。
然后再根据先行词的特点确定具体用哪一个关系代(副)词。
例题精讲
考点1.
先行词是anything,
something,
nothing,
everything等不定代词时
1.He
never
reads
anything
______
is
not
worth
reading.
A.
which
B.
as
C.
who
D.
that
2.【2010全国2】I
refuse
to
accept
the
blame
for
something
______
was
someone
else’s
fault.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
as
D.
what
考点2.
先行词是all,
much，little,
none或先行词被all,
much,
little,
no,
any修饰时
3.There
is
not
much
______
can
be
done.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
4.There
is
no
difficulty
______
can’t
be
overcome
in
the
world.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
who
D.
what
5.Please
send
us
all
the
information______
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
as
D.
what
6.You
can
take
any
seat
______
is
free.
A.
that
B.
/
C.
which
D.
it
考点3.
先行词被最高级、序数词以及
the
first,
the
last,
the
very,
the
only,
the
same修饰时
7.The
most
important
thing
______
we
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
first
thing
______
I
have
said.
A.
which;
that
B.
that;
which
C.
which;
which
D.
that;
that
8.My
watch
is
not
the
only
thing
______
is
missing.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
which
who
9.This
is
the
very
film
______
I’ve
long
wished
to
see.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whom
10.This
is
the
last
time
______
I
shall
come
here
to
help
you.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
when
D.
what
11.It’s
the
third
time
______
late
this
month.
A.
that
you
arrived
B.
when
you
arrived
C.
that
you’ve
arrived
D.
when
you’ve
arrived
考点4.
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
12.We’re
talking
about
the
piano
and
the
pianist
______
were
in
the
concert
we
attended
last
night.
A.
which
B.
whom
C.
who
D.
that
13.He
talked
a
lot
about
things
and
persons
______
they
remembered
in
the
school.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
what
考点5.
关系代词在从句中作表语或there
be结构中的实意主语时,
that可指人或物，且通常省略
(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)
He
still
talks
like
the
man
（that）
he
was
ten
years
ago.
The
train
is
the
fastest
train
（that）
there
has
ever
been.
14.She
is
no
longer
the
sweet
girl
______
she
used
to
be.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
when
D.
that
考点6.
当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that
同理，当先行词是that,
those时，常用关系代词which或who。如：
What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk？
Which
is
the
T-shirt
that
fits
me
most
15.Who
is
the
person
______
is
standing
at
the
gate
of
Beijing
Tourism
Tower
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whom
16.Who
______
has
common
sense
will
do
such
a
thing
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
that
17.Those
______
not
only
from
books
but
also
through
practice
will
succeed.
A.
learn
B.
who
C.
that
learns
D.
who
learn
总结：
（一）只用关系代词that的情况
1、______________________________________________________
先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
2、______________________________________________________
先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
3、______________________________________________________
先行词是
all,
much,
little,
something,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none等代词时。
4、______________________________________________________
先行词前面有the
only,
the
very,
any,
few,
little,
no,
all,
much,
every等修饰时。
5、______________________________________________________
先行词既有人又有物时。
6、______________________________________________________
主句已有疑问词who
或which时。
（二）用who的情况：____________________________________
先行词为one,
ones,
anyone,
everyone,
none,
all(指人)时，关系代词常用who
Anyone
who
is
against
us
is
our
enemy.
All
who
heard
the
story
were
amazed.
whose的用法
⑴
whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：①
I
sat
next
to
a
girl
whose
name
was
Diana
②
I
saw
a
womanwhosebag
was
stolen.
⑵
当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of
which的形式。
例如：①
The
building
whose
roofyou
can
see
from
here
is
a
new
restaurant
→
The
building
the
roof
of
which
you
can
see
from
here,
is
a
new
restaurant.或
→
The
buildingof
which
the
roofyou
can
see
from
hereis
a
new
restaurant.
②
这是一间昨晚窗户损坏的房子
→This
is
the
housebroke
last
night.
→This
is
the
house,
___________________broke
last
night.
→This
is
the
house,
___________________broke
last
night.
例题精讲
1..I
saw
some
trees
______
the
leaves
were
black
with
disease.
A.
where
B.
of
which
C.
in
which
D.
whose
2.
The
old
temple,
______
roof
was
damaged
in
storm,
is
now
under
repair.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
its
D.
whose
3.
A
company______
profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities
abroad.
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
why
4.
The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
______
lives
were
affected.
A.
whose
B.
that
C.
who
D.
which
用关系代词who,
whom,
that
或
whose
填空。
1.
Lu
Xun,
________real
name
is
Zhou
Shuren,
wrote
many
political
novels
and
essays.
2.
The
man
________you
met
just
now
is
my
old
friend.
3.
The
man
________is
walking
on
the
playground
is
my
old
friend.
4.
A
child
________
parents
are
dead
is
called
an
orphan.
巩固训练
一、用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
例：This
is
the
book
(that
I
have
been
looking
for).
①The
movie
that
we
saw
last
night
is
very
exciting.
②Have
you
bought
the
book
which
we
talked
about？
③I
still
remember
the
day
which
we
spent
together
last
week.
④He
still
lives
in
the
house
whose
windows
face
south.
⑤The
boy
whose
father
is
a
policeman
speaks
English
most
fluently
in
our
class.
⑥The
girl
who
you
met
was
John’s
sister.
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1、This
is
the
hero
_______
we
are
pround
of.
2.
This
is
the
pen
_________
I
wrote
the
letter
with.
3.
Do
you
know
the
professor
________will
give
us
a
speech
next
week
4.
I
read
a
report
about
his
new
novel
_________will
soon
be
published.
5.
The
plan
__________they
argued
about
was
settled
at
last.
6.
Rice
is
a
plant
________
is
grown
in
the
south.
7.
China
is
a
country
__________has
a
long
history.
8.
The
cup
_________is
on
the
desk
belongs
to
Tom.
9.
Yesterday
I
saw
a
beautiful
dress
_______you
may
like
in
that
store.
10.
The
man________
you
saw
in
the
library
is
called
Smith.
11.
The
woman
_________gave
a
speech
on
TV
yesterday
is
our
English
teacher.
12.This
is
the
man
_______
I
met
in
the
park.
能力提升
一、改错
1.
Is
this
museum
you
visited
a
few
days
ago
2.
The
girl
which
is
standing
next
to
our
teacher
is
her
daughter.
3.
The
cake
you
made
it
yesterday
was
very
delicious.
4.
Do
you
know
the
man
wrote
the
letter
5.
The
book
you
borrowed
it
from
me
is
Tom’s.
6.
The
house
is
built
on
soft
land
is
easy
to
fall
down.
二、用定语从句合并下列句子
1.
This
is
the
new
secretary.
I
would
introduce
her
to
you.
________________________________________________________________________
2.
The
train
was
late.
It
was
going
to
Shanghai
________________________________________________________________________
3.The
school
is
a
big
one.
The
school
stands
near
the
river.
________________________________________________________________________
4.
I
will
never
forget
the
days.
We
spent
the
days
together.
________________________________________________________________________
5.
My
uncle
bought
the
bike
last
week.
The
bike
has
been
stolen.
________________________________________________________________________
三．完成句子
1.
Wheat
is
a
plant
_______________________________(中国北方种植的)
This
is
the
gentleman
__________________________(眼睛失明的)
He
is
not
the
man
_________________(原来的他)
The
girl
_________________(正在会上发言的)
is
our
monitor.
Is
this
the
book
__________________(你想要的)
He
is
the
man
______________________(我正在找的人)
7.
The
letter
___________________________(我昨天收到的)
was
from
my
aunt.
冲刺提升
关系代词填空
English
is
the
most
difficult
subject
_________you
will
learn
during
these
years.
It
is
the
first
American
movie
of
this
kind
___________
I’ve
ever
seen.
The
only
thing
________we
can
do
is
to
give
you
some
money.
4.
Do
you
know
the
things
and
persons_______
they
are
talking
about
5.
Who
is
the
woman
________was
praised
at
the
meeting
Those
_______were
not
fit
for
their
work
could
not
see
the
beautiful
clothes
made
of
the
magic
cloth.
One
______
works
without
complain
is
welcome
here.
二.完成句子：
This
is
the
most
interesting
film_____________________________(我所看过的)。
Nothing
__________________________(他所谈论的)
can
be
seen
now.
There
is
little
money
____________________________(我可以花费在书上).
The
only
thing
___________________(她能做的)
was
to
go
to
the
police
for
help.
He
told
me
about
all
the
people
and
things
__________________(他看到的)
during
the
holiday.
The
girl
____________________(正在会上发言的)
is
our
monitor.