(共33张PPT)
Unit 1
Wise men in history
Oxford English
Module1 Geniuses
Grammar
(2)句子类型
句子种类
疑问句
陈述句
祈使句
感叹句
Presentation
There are four types of sentences.
B Sentences types
Positive statement
One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked
a crown maker to make him a golden crown.
Negative statement
It was not a real golden crown.
Statement陈述句
语法专讲
A statement talks about a certain person or thing. It usually ends with a full stop (.).
陈述句定义：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。
句 式 结 构 例 句
肯定句 略
否定句 1.否定谓语（常见） I don't think playing too much computer games is good.
2.否定主语 Nobody knows why he didn't come to school.
3.否定宾语 We know nothing about it.
4.否定宾语补足语 Our teacher often tells us not to give up our dreams.
5.否定状语 My pen was lost and I could find it nowhere.
将以下句子变为否定句：
1. We do eye exercises every day.
We _________ _________ eye exercises every day.
2. There is something wrong with the radio.
___________ _________ wrong with the radio.
3. Tom always goes to bed at twelve.
Tom _________ __________ to bed at twelve.
4. You’d better help him with his maths.
You __________ _________ __________ help him with his maths.
定句变否定句口诀 否定词语加not，放在be和have后；
其它要加动词do，do的后面加not；
时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留；谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。
don’t
do
Nothing
is
never
goes
had
better
not
We use questions to ask for information.
A question ends with a question mark ( ).
Is it made completely of gold
It’s a nice crown, isn’t it
Yes/No questions
Wh-question
What should I do
Alternative
question
Tag question
What is the crown made of,
gold or something else
Questions疑问句
语法专讲
Watch and talks about other types of Questions.
疑问句
Wh-question 特殊疑问句
Yes/No question 一般疑问句
Alternative question选择疑问句
Tag question 反义疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。
问句类型 解 析 例 句
一般疑问句 以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头，用Yes或No来回答。 -Did you have a good time at school
-Yes,I did./No,I didn't.
-Can you finish your work on time
-Yes,I can./No,I can't.
-Haven’t you been to the UK -Yes,I have./No,I haven't.
一般疑问句
肯定句变一般疑问句口诀 have和be提句首，其它助词Do开头。
时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。
谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。
1.---Have you ever seen the TV show Running Man
---______. I think it's quite interesting and funny.
A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven’t C. Yes, he has D. No, she hasn’t
2.---You haven’t been to Shanghai, have you
---________. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
问句类型 解 析 例 句
特殊疑问句 定义：以疑问词（词组）what,who,why, whom,how,which, how long等开头 Whose car is under the tree
结构： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序 How do you study English
注意：疑问词作主语时，句子使用陈述句语序 Who was the first man in space
注意：不能用yes/no回答。 -How long have you been here -For about three years.
特殊疑问句
注意：区分how often, how long, how soon, how far, how many/much, how old
how often 意为“多久一次”，对动作发生的频率进行提问。
how long 意为“多长时间；(长度)多长”，对一段时间或物体的长度进行提问。
how soon 意为“多久以后”，对将来的一段时间提问，回答要用“in＋一段时间”。
how far 意为“多远”，对距离进行提问。
how many/much 意为“多少”，对数量进行提问；how much还可对价钱进行提问。
how old 意为“多大”，对年龄进行提问。
1. — __________ will the fog and haze(雾霾) last
—I’ve no idea. There is no sign of an end.
A. How soon B. How far
C. How long D. How often
2. — _________ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy
—To learn about different styles of school uniform.
A. What B. Where C. Why D. Which
3. —________ will you come back
—In an hour.
A．How soon B．How often
C．How far D．How long
选择疑问句
问句类型 解 析 例 句
选择疑问句 一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。回答不能用yes/no -Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman
-He is a teacher.
供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调。 -Will you go there by bus or by train？
-I will go ther by bus.
结构一:一般疑问句+ or +一般疑问句（省略结构） -Would you like some tea or coffee
-Coffee,please.
结构二:特殊疑问句，+ A + B？ -Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
-I prefer tea.
反义疑问句
问句类型 解 析 例 句
反意疑问句 结构：陈述句+简短的一般疑问句 句式：前肯后否，前否后肯 He has to leave now, doesn’t he
He hasn’t been there, has he
句子含有no, never, hardly, few, nothing, nobody, seldom等否定词，后面用肯定 You have nothing to tell me, do you
She has few money with her, does she
当前部分为祈使句，后面用will you; 而当前面是Let’s开头，后面用shall we。 Open the door, will you
Let’s have a rest, shall we
There be句型当中，后面句子主语用there There is little in the glass, is there
1)His wife is a teacher,__________
2)Bob wasn’t a driver,_________
3)There were lots of questions,__________
4)Tom has made a model plane,__________
5)He usually drives carefully,___________
6)He won’t be late,__________
7)They can’t leave now,__________
8)No one received a present, ____________
9)That’s my book, ___________
10) She’s never been there before, ________
isn’t she
was he
weren’t there
hasn’t he
doesn’t he
will he
can they
did they
isn’t it
has she
Complete the sentences with question tags.
Look at this.
Please give me some gold of the same weight.
Watch out!
Keep quiet!
Imperatives祈使句
语法专讲
When we want to give commands or make requests or suggestions, we use the imperatives. An imperative sentence ends with a full stop (.) or an exclamation mark (!).
类型 解 析 例 句
祈使句 用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，主语通常省略。 Close the door, please.
Be careful!
1) “Be + 形容词”型 肯定：Be + 形容词 否定：Don’t be + 形容词 Be quiet, please.
Don’t be late next time.
2) “行为动词开头”型 肯定：动词原形+其他 否定：Don’t + 动词原形+其他 Come here, please.
Don’t stand up.
3) Let型 肯定：Let + 人称代词宾格 +动词原形 否定：Let + 人称代词宾格 + not + 动词原形/Don’t + let + 人称代词宾格 +动词原形 Let’s go!
Let’s not say anything about it.
Don’t let them make any noise.
4) “No + 名词或动名词”型 意义：表示“禁止”，含否定含义，经常用于公共场合。 No photos.
No smoking.
1. Jim, _____ me a hand.
A. gives B. is giving
C. will give D. give
2. ____ careful, Jenny! There is a tree in front of you.
A. Am B. / C. Be D. Was
3. Let's ____ our time.
A. not waste B. no wasting
C. not to waste D. no waste
4. —____ higher, and you will see the house.
—OK.
A. If you stand B. To stand
C. When you stand D. Stand
How excited Archimedes was!
What a bad man the crown maker is!
When we want to express strong feelings, we use exclamations. An exclamation usually ends with an exclamation mark (!).
Exclamations感叹句
语法专讲
类型 解 析 例 句
感叹句 用"what"和"how"引导，表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。 How pretty she is！
How fast he runs！
感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。 What an interesting story it is！
What smart boys they are！
结构一: What+(a/an)+adj+n.(+主语+ 谓语)! What an interesting poem!
这是一首多么有趣的诗啊！
What bad weather it is!
这是多糟糕的天气呀！
结构二: How +adj/adv(+主语+ 谓语)! How lucky we are!
我们是多么幸运啊！
How quickly the time passed!
时间过得真快呀！
1. _______ weather it is today!
A. What hot B. How hot
C. What a hot D. How a hot
2. — _________ fantastic documentary it is!
—Do you mean the hot film “Diaoyu Island—The Truth”
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
3. _______ honest man he is!
A. What B. What an
C. How D. How an
4 — _________ brave Zhang Hua is!
—Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mrs Sun out of the fire.
A. What a B. How C. How a D. What
1 How can I find out___ 5 Please close the window___
2 The crown is nice___ 6 What a nice crown___
3 How wonderful___ 7 This is difficult, isn’t it___
4 The king was not happy___ 8 Leave me alone___
. ! . . ! !
.
!
.
./!
!
./!
B1 Add a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark to the end of the following sentences.
Exercise
感叹句用how还是what，关键在于中心词。
Tips: 判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how，先把主谓和后面其他部分去掉，即找出中心词。中心词是名词，则用what；中心词 是形容词或副词，就用how，切记没有how a/an；没有主谓则看句末词即可。句末一词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用how。
B2 Look at the sentences below and label the sentence types.
Imperative
Tag question
Positive statement
Exclamation
Yes/No question
Negative statement
考点 广东省卷近五年中考统计 高频考点
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1.反义疑问句 ★★★
2.感叹句 ★★★
3.how引出的特殊疑问词组 ★★☆
考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，句子种类是考查的重点，主要考查反义疑问句、感叹句及由how引出的特殊疑问词组的辨析，每年至少考查1道题目。为了高效复习，在这里我们重点讲解反义疑问句、感叹句及特殊疑问词的辨析。备考时要重点掌握几种常考的反义疑问句，能正确判断感叹句的引导词是What还是How，能正确选用由how引出的特殊疑问词组。
中考链接
中考链接
( )1. —Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, ________？
—No.She got up too late.
A．had she B．hadn't she C．did she D．didn't she
考点链接
C
解析：C 前面陈述句中有表示否定的nothing，动词had是实义动词，故反意疑问句要借助助动词did，选C。
( )2. The boy has a new MP4, ________？
A．doesn't he B．isn’t he C．does he D．is he
考点链接
A
解析：A have表示“拥有”时，其反意疑问句有两种形式：“hasn't(复数haven't，过去时hadn't)＋主语”或“doesn't(复数don't，过去时didn't)＋主语”，故选A。
3.（2016·广东）Tommy,___play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.
A. do B. don’t
C. must D. mustn’t
【解析】此处表示不要在街道上打篮球。否定祈使句要以don’t开头,故选B。
B
【解析】考查感叹句的结构。感叹名词surprise要用What；此处surprise是可数名词，且nice是以辅音音素开头的词，故What a符合题意。
4.（2016·广东）—It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 110℃ below zero.
—Really ____ nice surprise!
A.How B. What
C. What a D. What an
C
【解析】此处感叹形容词应用how，且根据句意可知应用fast,故选B。
5. （2015·广东）—So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.
— ____ he runs!
A.How slow B. How fast C. What a slow D. What a fast
B
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Unit1 Wise men in history
Grammar句子类型同步练习
选出与下列句子对应的句子种类。
反意疑问句 B.否定句 C.感叹句 D.祈使句E.一般疑问句 F.选择疑问句 G.特殊疑问句 H.肯定句
1. The king asked him to find out the truth.______________ 21cnjy.com
2. Put some water into the pot._____________
3. When did the king begin to doubt _____________ 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4. Did the king put the crown maker into prison _____________ 21·世纪*教育网
5. Was the crown made of gold or metal _____________ 2-1-c-n-j-y
6. What a clever man he was!_____________
7. The king knew the truth, didn’t he _____________ 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
8. The crown wasn’t made of gold._____________
9.You spoke at the meeting yesterday, didn’t you _____________【出处：21教育名师】
10.Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball _____________【版权所有：21教育】
二、单选。
( )1.—Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, ________？21教育名师原创作品
—No.She got up too late.
A．had she B．hadn‘t she C．did she D．didn't she
( )2. —You haven't been to the West Lake, have you 2·1·c·n·j·y
—________. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.
A．No, I haven‘t B．No, I didn’t C．Yes, I have D．Yes, I did
( )3..—So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100 meter race in less than 10 seconds.21*cnjy*com
—________ he runs!
A．How slow B．How fast C. What a slow D．What a fast
( )4. ________ terrible weather we had last Sunday!www.21-cn-jy.com
A．What B．What a C．Such D．How
( )5. E mail is very popular today. People seldom write letters now, ________？
A．did they B．do they C．didn't they D．don't they
( )6. — ________ do you go to the sports club —At least once a week.
A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How far
( )7. — ________ is the moon away from the earth —It’s about 383, 000 kilometers.
A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far
( )8. ________necessary thing it is to join the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign(光盘行动).
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
( )9. —Sorry I’m late.
— ______ tell me the bus broke down again!21世纪教育网版权所有
A. Never to B. Not C. Don’t D. No
( )10. —Lucy didn’t come to school yesterday, did she 21教育网
— ______ ,though she was not feeling very well． 21·cn·jy·com
A．No，she didn’t B．Yes，she did
C．Yes，she didn’t D．No，she did
根据要求改写句子。
1.It’s about 2 kilometers from my home to the nearest hospital.( 划线部分提问)
2.The book is very interesting.( 改为感叹句)
3.He often does his homework in the evening.( 改为反义疑问句).www-2-1-cnjy-com
4.She did very well in her English exam. ( 改为一般疑问句).21*cnjy*com
5.He can hardly understand any Chinese.（改为反义疑问句）
6.They had a good time yesterday.( 改为感叹句)
Unit1 Wise men in history
Grammar句子类型同步练习
答案
一、HDGEFCAB
二、1-5 CABAB 6-10BDBCB
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