课件18张PPT。Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.一片碎玻璃
开水
一枚用过的邮票
一箱埋起来的硬币
穿破的鞋子
一台损坏了的计算机
结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。a broken piece of glassboiled watera used stampa buried box of coinsa damaged computerworn—out shoes Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.Past Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute as the predicative
terrified people 1.
reserved seats 2.
polluted water 3.
a crowded room 4.
a pleased winner 5.people who are terrifiedseats which are reservedwater that is polluteda room that is crowdeda winner who is pleasedPast Participle Past Participle
as the Predicative as the Attribute
1. children who 1.
look astonished
2. a vase that is broken 2.
3. a door that is closed 3.
4. the audience who feel tired 4.
5. an animal that is trapped 5.astonished children a broken vasea closed doorthe tired audiencea trapped animal Students try to find some rules about the Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative.Discovery (2m)Grammar一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man 一个醉鬼
a returned student 一名留学生
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days 过去的岁月
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth．
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.
which had been done注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。which has developed注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there?
which is being built注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened.
你似乎受了惊吓。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作） Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days?
3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamedlook so tiredwas disappointed with4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．
5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children ______________________ going to the zoo．
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shockedare really excited aboutbecame infected withLinda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。Homework Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.课件39张PPT。Expressions & phrases
know about…
lift up
steam engine
physical characteristic
put forward
6. infectious disease
7. in scientific research
8. setting out a new scientific idea9. draw a conclusion
10. analyse the results
11. a well-known doctor
12. ordinary people
13. expose (…)to sth.
14. the most deadly disease
15. terrified people
16. become interested in sth./doing sth
17. absorb sth. into…
18. gather the information
19. determine to do sth. 20. a valuable clue
21. the water pump
22. be to blame
23. link … to … (be linked to…)
24. have it delivered (have sth. done)
25. die of…
26. announce with certainty27. polluted water
28. prevent sb. from doing sth.
29. deal with…
30. solve the problem
31. apart from
32.be strict with
33. make senseLanguage points for Warming up 1. explain
explain sb. Sth.
explain sth. to sb .
2. characteristic n./adj.
Some genetic ~s are not obvious.
The two groups of children have quite different ~s.
Forgetfulness is often ~ of aged people.(T)(F)特有的,典型的 pass sth from… “从…处传来，传下“
pass by 路过，经过…
pass down 把…传下来
pass on 传递，传授1.The tradition is __________ their ancestors.
2. This spirit should be passed ______ from generation to generation.
3. Pass the letter ___ to the person next to you .
4. So many people pass ___ and never notice the change.passed fromdownonby3.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?
the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做…..的方法”
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.
the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
I don’t like the way _______________ you speak to your father.
我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式.
与way相关的短语:
by the way
by way of …
lose one’s way
no way
feel one’s way
on one’s way to…
in this way=by this means=with this method
(that/ in which)用这种方法顺便说通 过……的方法迷路(俚语) 没门,别想摸黑走,谨慎从事在去…的路上4.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论?
put forward
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等)
(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
我能否提名你当我们的班长?
May I put your name forward as our monitor?The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。put away 抛弃;舍弃
put down 写下来;记入名单;
put on 穿上;戴上;增加
put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up 建立;建造
put up with… 忍受……
You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
conclude: v. 作结论，断定
The jury concluded that he was guilty.
陪审团认定他有罪。
to conclude: 总而言之，总之
To conclude, I want to thank you for your help.
conclusion: n. 结论得出结论arrive at
draw
come to｝a conclusiondefeat v./ n.
1.He defeated the champion in three sets.
2.His words completely defeated me.
3.The Party faces defeat in the election.Language points for Reading 1击败，战胜使困惑win / beat /defeat
win “赢得，获胜” ，后接奖品，奖金，名誉，财产
beat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人
defeat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人，（此用法同beat）; 疾病等1.Mary _____ the first place in the competition.
2. Our school _______________ their school at football.
3. I ________________John at chess yesterday.
wonbeat / defeatedbeat / defeated1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that be attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生----他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫.
expert 专家；高手；权威。
an agricultural expert 农业专家
an expert with the computer 电脑高手expert 也可以作形容词，“熟练的；老练的；经验（或知识）丰富的”
an expert rider 熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如:医生照看病人.
The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.(3)to be present at 出席,到场. 如:
attend school 上学
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend church 去教堂
attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼attend v.
(1)to take care; give attention 注意,留意. 如:We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later. attend to
1.处理，办理
我有许多事情要处理。
2. 照顾，照料
先生，有人接待你吗？
Are you being attended to ?
If you go out, I’ll attend to the baby.
3. 专心，注意
If you don’t attend to the teacher,you’ll never learn anything.
attendance n. 照顾，出席I have some important things to attend to.2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为 “患霍乱的”.如:The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.发散思维：
exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的
exposedness n. 暴露，显露开放思维: expose to 使易受，使受
expose sth to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下
expose a fraud
揭穿骗局Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.
2.The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.
3. He exposed the crime to the police.
4. He exposed the plan to the newspsper.to uncoverto make suffer to make known3.This was the deadly disease of its day.
die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj.
(1).dangerous; likely to cause death
危险的;致命的
a deadly disease / weapon
(2).highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的
a deadly remark 击中要害的评论(3). aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的:
a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人
adv.
(1). Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真
(2). like death 死一般地:
deadly pale 死一般苍白
4.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…..就”。如：
I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.
我一见到他就把这封信给他。
I came directly I got your letter.
我一接到你的信就来了。
5.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .absorb…..into 吸收 如：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1)吸收（液体）；
Water absorbs oxygen.(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.
(3) The book absorbed his attention.
(4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.理解,接受吸引(注意力, 兴趣等)使并入,吞并be ～ed in … 被…吸引；专心于；全神贯注于某事 如:
He is absorbed in his book.
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. suggest 经常有“建议”的意思，但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示间接表明”；。如：
The disorganized meeting suggested bad preparation.
混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。suggest 还有 “建议”的意思，在后文中有体现“To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined” 为防止这种情况再度发生，。。。I suggested that he should give up smoking.
我建议他戒烟。
The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.
主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。suggest 后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。如：
She suggested a picnic at the weekend.
她提议周末去野餐。
Kane suggested leaving early for the airport.
凯恩提议早些发去机场。他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。
5.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.severe adj. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的. 如:
The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.
(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的 如:
a severe attack of toothache.要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。 牙痛的剧烈发作。这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。6. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable
(1)adj. worth of a lot of money
值钱的，贵重的 如：
The watch is valuable. 这表很值钱。
a valuable diamond. 贵重的钻石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如:
valuable information
(3)n. (常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money. 如:
Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.
7. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。 如：No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。
You are not to drop litter in the park.
公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。受到责备，主动表被动8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into 往…...里面看；to investigate 检查；了解。 如：
We’ll look into this matter together.
我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：
look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待
look out 面朝，留神，照料
look over 从上面看，察看，检查
look around 环顾，观光，察看
look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习
look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找
look after 寻求，照顾，关心link…to... 把…与…连接；联系 如：
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。
be linked to 连接 如：
The two towns are linked by a railway.9. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.announce v. to make known publicly 如：
The captain announced that the plane was going to land.有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。1.Finish the exercises on your book.
2.Review Homework课件18张PPT。victim
physician
analyse
defeat
challenge Answer key for Exercise 1 on page 4enquiry
pump
blame
absorb
link…toAnswer key for Exercise 2 on page 4severe
suspected
exposed
experts
cure
foresaw
concluded
announced
attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3 on page 4:make a suggestion
make a decision
make a plan
make a contribution
make a speech
make a noise
make a change
make a description
make an investigationAnswer key for Exercise 1 on page 42 link
to
polluted
clue
neighbourhood
suspected
blamecure
severe
drew
the conclusion
instructed
handles
defeatedAnswer key for Exercise 2 on page 421
2
5
6
3
4
1Answer key for Exercise 3 on page 42Apart from going to the park, I limit my movments to my neighbourhood.
It is difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence.
These scientific enquiries will contribute to the success of our project.
Gustave Eiffel was very enthusiastic about his plan to construct the iron tower, which made him world-famous.He often puts forward unusual plans. So be cautious about them before you decide to join in.
Who was the first person to reject the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe?
Although his writing doesn’t make sense, Fred is positive that his composition will score a high mark.Answer key for exercise 1 on page 5…when he though about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (attribute)
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump. (attribute)
He became interested in two theories. (predicative)
Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. (predicative)The Past ParticipleRead Page 88.(DIY) (3m)From the book, we can knowThe Past Participleattributepredicativeobject complementadverbialWhere the past participle is used?So many thousands of terrified people died.
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.attributepredicative2. Complete the tablepeople who are terrifiedseats which are reservedwater that is polluteda room that is crowdeda winner who is pleasedchildren who look astonisheda vase that is brokena door that is closedthe audience who feel tiredan animal that is trappedastonished childrena broken vasea closed doorthe tired audiencea trapped animalComplete the sentences.He got _______ about losing the money.
Why do you always look so______ ? Do you sleep well these days?
I was _____________ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.worriedtireddisappointed4. Everybody was _________________ to hear the death of the famous film star.
5. The children are really _______ about going to the zoo.
6. His wound became ________ with a new virus.shocked/ depressedexcitedinfectedWB Page 43 1. Choose appropriate verbs.They were ________ to accept my idea.
I’ll be _________ to know they made the wonderful fireworks.
The mayor said that he was ______ about the __________ rise of the water level in the river bed.preparedinterestedworriedcontinued4. Recently _______ soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.
Most of the newspaper seems to be ___________ with pop stars.
He was__________ of going alone into the empty house.arrivedconcernedfrightenedRewrite the sentences (P43, 2)I found this broken plate on the floor.
I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.
I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.
Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question on the Internet.She is my friend devoted to my interests.
On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles marked in green ink.
We saw many cracked windows in that room.课件38张PPT。disappointed discouragedA broken heartpolluted wateran injured personcrowded people busesRevisionPast ParticipleFeeling
Shout out
your feelingsclubpleased delightedexcitedterrified frightenedpuzzledsurprised astonished
satisfied
worried
---Act out your feelingsPre-listeningWhat job do they do?
They are astronauts
What personality is needed?
…….
There are a lot of great scientists behind them. One of the best-known is Qian Xuesen.?
It was Qian Xuesen who sent the first
Chinese rocket up into space.
Father of the Chinese space programmeListeningWhat do you know about Qian Xuesen? Before you listen to the tape, look at the picture and the exercises and predict the content of the listening. on page 6rocketsatelliteastronomyastronomerastronautspace programmespace industryspace institutespace flightspace shipKEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
astronomer
Mars
institute
I have no idea.
astronaut
admire
Right you are!天文学家火星学会；协会；研究院= I don’t know.宇航员欣赏；钦佩Answer key for Exercise 2:
Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.1. What did Qian Xuesen study first?
2. What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China?
3. What was Qian Xuesen’s main achievement when he returned to China?Questions1. He first studied at university to be an engineer. 2. Work on rocket 3. He began his institute in China to design and build rockets to go into space.Suggested answers to Exercise 4Chinese astronauts in space
Chinese satellites in spacebecome a rocket scientist
be the first to land on mars and put Qian Xuesen’s picture thereYP: What do you want to be when you ____ ____, Steve?
SS: I want to be an astronomer and visit stars. I
wish to visit Mars one day.
YP: I think I’d like to work in the _____ industry
too. I’d like to be a rocket _______ like Qian Xuesen.
SS: What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?
YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer.
Later he want to America to study for his ________
degree. It was then he began to work on _______.grow upspacescientistdoctor’s rocketsFill in the blanksSS: So it was lucky for our _____ __________ that he
came back to China.
YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets
in China before he began his institute to ______ and
build rockets to go into space.
SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of
his rockets?
YP: I have no idea but I believe he ____ _______ ___ the
first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.space programdesignlook forward toSS: Yes. Now China has sent ________ into space. I
hope that we’ll be ___ ___ to land on Mars. That would
really be something special and if I were that astronaut
I would put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars to show
how much we ______ his work.
YP: Indeed. He is rightfully called ___ _____ of the
Chinese space program. He is my hero and he is why
I want to be a rocket scientist.
SS: Well, we’d better ___ __ ____our homework. We need
good grades to get into university.
YP: Right you are. See you, then.
SS: See you. satellitesthe firstadmirethe fatherget on with Mr Qian is preparing for a very important scientific programme. So there will be an interview to employ an assistant to help complete the programme.SpeakingPre-interview Let’s share ideas to get ready for the interviewThese questions may help you:
What kind of scientific job do you want to do?
What personality will be needed?
What work experience would be useful?
Why are you so interested in this job?
What education will you need?
How long will the training take?
How will you prepare for this career?Theses expressions may help you:
I always wanted to..because…
The experience I will need is …
I need to practise …
I think I’m good at … so …
I will need some training in …
I might find it difficult to …
My greatest problem will be to …I will need to be/become
patient, creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave, positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, strict with, …Sample conversation:A : What do you want to do when you grow up?
B: I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics(控制论) department there.
A: What personality will be needed for that job?
B: I think I need to be patient for my ideas which will take a long time to develop. I also need to be creative enough to have good ideas.A: What experience will be most useful to you?
B: I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.
A: What kind of person makes a good inventor?
B: I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.
A: What kind of person will make a good inventor?
B: I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns from his mistakes.
A: Thank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.Answer key for Exercise 1:
Possible answers include:
Go to your teacher
Go to a natural museum and speak to a specialist
Look it up in a flower bookListeningon page 41Answer key for Exercise 2:
The correct answer is C.
Summary A is not correct because it does not give enough information.
Summary B is inaccurate.Answer key for Exercise 3:
Biology,
book,
Sweden,
1707,
1778,
seriousAnswer key for Exercise 4:
It means that his flower has already been identified and has a name.
He would know by checking his lily against other lilies in the specialist book. If his lily is different (for example in the number of petals or stamens) it will be a new species.All plants have two names just like people. The first is the group of flowers they belong to and is like the family name. The second is the kind of flower within that group and is like a given/personal name.
Before Linnaeis there was no way of finding out whether a plant was new or not. This caused problems because different scientists claimed that they had found and named flowers first. After he organized his system it was easy to discover whether a plant was new or not and so who had the right to name it.NAMING FLOWERRobert Briggs (RB) is talking to Zhang Wei (ZW) about a new kind of lily he has found.ZW: Hello Robert. What’s that book you’re carrying?
RB: A book that helps you identify a flower.
ZW: I see. Why do you want that?
RB: Well, I’ve found this lily. It looks different to me. So I want to find out if it’s new or not. Our biology teacher told me that If it’s already known, I’d find it in this book.
ZW: Wow! So you think may have found a new lily?
RB: I hope so, but I have to do some research first to find out for sure.ZW: What happens if It’s in the book?
RB: It means that somebody else has found it and named it. Then I’ll know its biological name.
ZW: What do you mean by the biological name?
RB: Actually like us a flower has two names. The first is the group of flowers it belongs to-like a family name. A rose is one such group. The second is the kind of flower-like a given name. It may describe what the rose looks like; for example, the colour of an autumn sunset.. Together you get the flower’s name, which is Rose Autumn Sunset.
ZW: Gosh! Who made that system?
RB: A great scientist called Carl Linnaeus. He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778.ZW: So long ago!
RB: Yes, and he solved a very serious problem for biology.
ZW: What was that?
RB: Before him nobody could tell if a plant was new, as there was no way of checking. There’re so many plants, you see!
ZW: Yes, I appreciate that! So his system is still used?
RB: Indeed it is. If my flower isn’t in this book, I’ll know that I’ve found a new kind of lily.
ZW: That’s great! Can I come and help you? This research sounds fun.
RB: Yes, and if I’m lucky…(fading out)Answer key for Exercise 1:
Students will give their own answers which may very.Answer key for Exercise 3:
Tick all symbols except angle.Listening Task on page 44Answer key for Exercise 4:Why Euler is considered to be a great mathematicianintroduced many new symbols into maths
wrote more books than anyone before or since
discovered a new branch of mathematicsSuggest answers to Exercise 5:
It had a river running through it. The centre of konigsberg is an island and as it passes the island the river breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built so that the people of the city could get from one part to another. The people wondered if you could walk around the city so that you would cross each bridge only once.Suggested answers to Exercise 6:
There is no Euler path for this figure. Look at Figure 4 in the Reading task. It is a Euler path for Figure 3.A MATHEMATICIAN’S PROBLEM
John Smith (JS) is talking to Zhao Yang (ZY) about a mathematician who interests him.
Part 1
JS: Do you know that we’ve been studying Euler in maths?
ZY: Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.
JS: Well, he was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century. He revised all the pure mathematics that was know in his day.
ZY: That probably wasn’t very much.JS: You’re wrong there. He wrote more than any other mathematician before or since.
ZY: Really! Well, what did he do?
JS: He introduced a lot of symbols into mathematics such as pi and the terms sine and cosine.
ZY: Wow!
JS: And he did half of this work when he was blind.
ZY: How did he do that?
JS: He told his ideas to someone else who wrote them down.Part 2
ZY: What were his achievements?
JS: He introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It helps you understand things by using diagrams. The subway map is a good example. It doesn’t tell you distances but it shows how stations connect together.
ZY: How did he start topology?JS: Well, in 1735 he was inspired by a problem in the city of Konigsberg where he lived. Look at the map in your book. Konigsberg had a river running through it.. The centre is an island. As the river passes the island. It breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built over the river. Euler wondered if you could walk around the city so that you cross each bridge only once.
ZY: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me.
JS: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me.
JS: Try, but it’s not easy as it looks.课件46张PPT。Reading , writing and learning tips CopernicusBirth: February 19, 1473
Death: May 24, 1543
Place of Birth: Toruń, Poland
Career:
1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy
1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna
1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets
1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely
1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial)Read the passage and find the experiences of Copernicus:Pre-readingWe know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory Eight Planets In
the Solar System Mercury 水星
Venus 金星
Earth 地球
Mars 火星
Jupiter 木星
Saturn 土星
Uranus 天王星
Neptune 海王星Eight Planets In the Solar System:Mnemonics (记忆术)
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus NeptuneMy Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.Can you use a good method to memorize them ?Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.
2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.
3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.TFT4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.
5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.
6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. FFTRead carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.The Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it.The Sun is stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets orbit around it.Analyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed. Careful readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questionsWhy could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1)Because the powerful Chistian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1)
All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. He published it as he lay dying in 1543 (6) Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong.Discussion:
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Why? As a scientist, Copernicus was more cautious than coward. If he had published his ideas at his time, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Church’s. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.DebateYes/No ◆ As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? Agree:
1.He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he
would have been killed just as Bruno who was
burned to death because his theory was against
the Christian Church.
2.Every time when a new idea appears, there are
always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should
have patience to spread their truth.
3.It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a
hurry. He was just cautious not coward. He should
protect himself first. Disagree:
1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.
2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.
3.As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.Write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.Write a short letter
asking Copernicus (not)
to publish his ideas so everyone can read themPractice One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory. Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideasParagraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence
Yours sincerely,
Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.Paragraph 2: Reason 1 and evidenceSumming up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideasHomework1.Finish your letter after class.
2. Revise the words and language points in this unit.
3. Finish “Summing up”. Language points:revolution & revolutionary
e.g. Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese Revolution. Sun Zhongsan is a great revolutionary leader.lead to引起；造成；导致。This will probably lead to trouble in the future.
这很可能将导致日后的麻烦。
This let to his conclusion that she was guilty.
这使他得出了她有罪的结论。 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only if 只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。
1) Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
2) Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed. make sense 讲得通；有道理
1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通
Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make sense.
2) 你编的故事我听不明白。
Your story doesn’t make sense to me.spin---spun---spinning
e.g. We span the coin to see who would have first turn.
I spun around to see who had spoken. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：
With + n./pron. + 介词短语
He sat there with a smile on his face.
(2) With + n./pron. + 副词
With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.
(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.
(4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词
The street was quiet with no buses running.
(5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词
In came a man with his hands tied back.
(6) With + n./pron. + 形容词
He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.reject:
e.g. If you don’t like Tom, you may reject his gift.
If you don’t think the suggestion is suitable for
you, you may reject it.enthusiastic
e.g. She’s very enthusiastic about singing
We explain our plan,
and he is very enthusiastic.cautious: careful to avoid risk
be cautious about/of sb./sth.
e.g. The bank is very cautious about lending
money.
My father is a very cautious driver.Reading task“Seven Bridges of Konigsberg” and the famous “Euler path”.Skimming:
What’s Euler’s puzzle?Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Born: 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland Died: 18 Sept 1783 in St Petersburg, RussiaEuler was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century, he introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It is a form of geometry that help you understand things by turning them into diagrams.Scanning:
How did Euler prepare for his research?
What are the theories? Puzzle ABCAABBCCDDECan you go over it without missing any points or going over a line twice?FABCAABBCCDDEstartfinishFABCAABBCCDDEEuler said, “If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.”A.B.C:even pointsA.B:even points
C.D: odd pointsC. D.E.F: odd points
A.B: even pointsFLook at the following pictures and draw a conclusion:
Conclusion
Euler’s theory (一笔画)
可以一笔画只有两种情况：
1. 没有奇数顶点。
2. 只有两个奇数顶点。
Discussion What qualities make a good scientist?课件47张PPT。Great scientistsUnit 1Words and expressions What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most?Are you ready?
Let’s go!1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?ArchimedesIt’s…2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin3. Who invented the first steam engine?steam engineIt’s used for taking water out of mines.James Watt4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor MendelIt’s used in the treatment of some diseases, especially cancer.radiumWhat’s this?5. Who discovered radium?Marie Curie6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Leonardo da vinci8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang HengDo you know what black hole means?10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?Pre-ReadingDo you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea. relating to science, or using the organized methods of science. scientifica scientific discoverya scientific experimenta scientific theoryDraw a conclusion
Think of a method
Collect results
Make up a question
Find a problem
Analyse the results
Find supporting evidenceWhat order do you put them in? Why?Think of a methodCollect resultsMake up a questionFind a problemAnalyse the resultDraw a conclusionWhat do you know about infectious diseases? a kind of infectious diseasesWhat do you know about cholera? a serious infection of the bowels caused by drinking infected water or eating infected food, causing diarrhoea, vomiting and often death.霍乱Is it the right way?DiscussLook at the picture, the map and the title and predict the content of the reading passage. Then skim it quickly to see if you were right.ReadingDo you know what did this map was used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera.Who defeats “King Cholera“?
What happened in 1854?
How many people died in 10 days?
Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?Task 1:Skim and Scan1.Who defeats “King Cholera“?
2. What happened in 1854?
3. How many people died in 10 days?John SnowCholera outbreak hit London.5004. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public houseDraw a conclusionFind a problemMake up a questionThink of a methodCollect resultsAnalyse the resultsPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Match themAnalyse resultsPara 7Task 2Read and answer1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. both A and B4. To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.
Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.Task 3Mind Map of the textJohn Snow began to test two theories.
An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
He announced that the water carried the disease.
John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
King Cholera was defeated.
He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
He had the handle removed from the water pump.2
1
4
7
3856Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.Discussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four.1.2.3.Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today ? Why?John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem with- out the map? Give a reason. Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and public health care to solve them.Keys1. No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.2. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.3.Using the stages for scientific research and Exercise 1, write a short summary of the reading passage.John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.课件27张PPT。Period 1 warming up & vocabularyUnit 1 Great scientistsFree talkDo you remember them?I put forward the theory about black holes.I’m the father of super hybrid riceWho are they?Guessing gameWho is he?He has made a famous kite experiment.He learned a lot from it and invented lightning
rod(避雷针).He is … Benjamin FranklinNever leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today.今日事,今日毕.Who is he?He is called the greatest scientist in the 20th
century.He is famous for the Theory of Relativity.He is … Albert EinsteinImagination is more important than knowledge"想象力比知识更重要."imaginativeWho is he?He invented electric bulbs.He made more than 1,000 inventions during
his life.He is … Thomas Alva EdisonGenius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感.Who is she?She is a woman scientist.She discovered radium(镭)and polonium(钋).
In her life, she won the Nobel Prize twice.She is … Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只有需要理解的东西.Who is he?He made the first telescope in the world.His observations show that the earth moves
around the sun.He is … Galileo GalileiYou cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him find it within himself.
你不可能把一切都教给一个人， 你只能帮助他从内心去发现（和了解）事物。What other scientists
do you know?Do the quiz and see who knows the most.Warming upArchimedes
Charles Darwin
Thomas NewcomenGregor Mendel
Marie Curie
Thomas Edison
Leonardo da Vinci
Sir Humphry Davy
Zhang Heng
Stephen Hawking
BrainstormingBrainstormingmade a great contribution
made great achievements
succeeded in their scientific career
overcome many difficulties
Pair workIt’s very pity that these scientists couldn’t
get together to have a talk. Now let’s organize
a party for them. Because of an advanced
machine called Time Machine, all the scientists
from all different times can come to attend
(join in) the party. They may talk about these
1.I wonder if you’re…
2.I know you because I’ve heard that you…
3.Thank you for knowing so much about me.
4.I’m the one who…
5.I’m really interested in your invention.
……They may ask about these
What’s your nationality? (I’m from…)
What are you interested in?
What conclusion have you drawn?
What are you proud of?
What leads to your success? (My cautiousness/ creativeness/ determination…leads to…)
……Homework
and their achievements.
2. Revise the new words and expressions
learned in this lesson , and preview those
of the reading text.
3. Finish the words practice.
Tell your partner about the great scientistsArchimedes 阿基米德 (ancient Greek) Give me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth.Charles Darwin 达尔文(British)“The Origin of Species”Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British
托玛斯 ·纽科门Newcomen’s steam engineInheritance遗传 Gregor Mendel
门德尔(1822-1884) Czech (捷克)
The Only person ever to receive two Nobel Prizes , one in physics and the other in chemistry.Marie Curie (Polish) Pierre CurieThomas EdisonThomas Edison Phonograph 留声机lightbulbMotion PicturesLeonardo da Vinci 达芬奇The Last SupperHumphry Davy (British ) 汉弗莱 戴维Zhang Heng seismograhpStephen Hawking 斯帝芬· 霍金
The theory about black holesWhat is a black hole?
