8B unit8 A green world学案

8B
unit8
学案
Comic
strip&Welcome
to
the
unit
What
are
you
going
to
do 你打算做什么？(P106)
be
going
to
do
sth.
意思是“打算、计划做某事”。
e.g.
I
am
going
to
plant
trees
this
Sunday.
我打算这个星期天去植树。
e.g.
He
is
going
to
see
a
film
next
weekend.
他打算下个周末去看电影。
Will
more
trees
be
planted
this
year 今年更多的树将会被种植吗？(P106)
句中will
be
planted意思是“将会被种植”，“will
be+动词的过去分词”是一般将来时的被动语态。这只大熊猫明天将被送到动物园。
e.g.The
panda______________________to
the
zoo
tomorrow.
We
can
reduce
air
pollution
by
riding
bicycle.我们可以通过骑自行车来减少空气污染。(P107)
reduce
air
pollution
减少空气污染，“by
doing
sth.”意思是“通过做某事”。
We
can
save
energy______________________the
lights.我们可以通过关灯来节约能源
My
dad
used
to
drive
me
to
school.
我爸爸过去常常开车送我去学校。(P107)
used
to
do
sth.意思是“过去常常做某事”。used
to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，它可以用于各种人称，其后接动词原形。
e.g.They
used
to
play
football
on
the
playground.
他们过去常常在操场上踢足球。
“drive
sb.+地点副词/to+地点名词”意为“驾车送某人去某地”。drive
to
sp.=go
to
sp.by
car意思是“开车去某地”。
e.g.Can
you
drive
me
to
the
train
station
你可以开车把我送到火车站吗？
e.g.My
friends
often
drive
to
work.
=
My
friends
often
go
to
work
by
car.
我的朋友们经常开车去上班。
It’s
wise
for
people
to
choose
public
transport
or
ride
bicycles.(P107)
对人们来说选择公共交通或骑自行车是明智的。
It
is+adj.+for
sb.+to
do
sth.意思是“对某人来说做什么事情怎么样”。常用于此句型的形容词有important,difficult,dangerous,necessary,useful,possible等，用来对to
do
sth.进行说明
It
is+adj.+of+sb.+to
do
sth.，常用于此句型的形容词有good,kind,nice,clever,等，用来对sb.的性格、品质等进行说明，将这个句型中的sb.和adj.提出来可以造句为sb.+be+adj.
e.g.你这样说真是太好了。
It’s
very________________you____________________so.
kind
of;
to
say
Reading
It’s
beautiful,and
we
should
try
to
keep
it
that
way.它（瑞士）很美,而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。(P108)
句中的way可以和this、that等连用。
e.g.Why
does
he
act
this
way
他为什么这样做？
In
Switzerland,things
like
glass,plastic
and
paper
are
separated
into
different
groups
and
then
recycled.
在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。(P108)
separate…into…
把……分开，隔开
be
separated
into…
……被分开，隔开
e.g.
The
children
were
separated
into
groups
for
the
game.
那些儿童分成小组做游戏。
e.g.
Let’s
separate
children
into
six
groups.
咱们把孩子们分成6组。
Even
old
clothes
and
shoes
can
be
recycled.甚至旧衣服和旧鞋能够被回收。(P108)
情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词
Your
homework
can___________________________tomorrow.你的家庭作业可以明天上交。
be
handed
in
These
trees
must___________________at
once.这些树必须立刻种植。
be
planted
Some
of
the
clothes
are
sold
in
charity
shops,some
are
given
to
the
poor,and
others
are
sent
to
factories
for
recycling.一些衣服放在慈善店出售，一些送给穷人，还有一些送到工厂循环再生。(P108)
句型some…,some…,and
others….表示“一些…,一些…,还有一些”。
e.g.
Some
students
are
reading
quietly,some
are
talking
notes,and
others
are
searching
for
information
on
the
Internet.
一些学生在安静地看书，一些在做笔记，还有一些在上网查资料。
We
are
not
allowed
to
cut
down
trees.我们不被允许砍伐树木。(P108)
allow
sb.(not)to
do
sth.允许某人（不）做某事
My
parents_______________________watch
TV
at
weekends.我父母允许我周末看电视。
allow
doing
sth.允许做某事
They
allowed_____________in
this
room
only.他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
be
allowed
to
do
sth.被允许做某事
we________________________________here.我们被允许在这儿吸烟。
We
will
be
punished.我们将被惩罚。(P109)
punish是及物动词
punish
sb.惩罚某人
be
punished被惩罚
We
will
be
fined
by
the
police.我们将被警察罚款。(P109)
fine（v.）罚款be
fined被罚款
We
depend
on
its
rich
resources
to
live.我们依靠它丰富的资源来生存。(P109)
depend
on/upon依靠，依赖
What
does
the
homeless
girl________________ 那无家可归的女孩靠什么生活？
The
boy__________________his
grandfather
to
live.这男孩依靠他爷爷生活。
These
new
types
of
energy
will
never
run
out.这些新能源永远不会耗尽。(P109)
run
out为不及物短语，表示“被用完，被耗尽”，其主语通常是时间，金钱，食物，能源等。
run
out
of
sth是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常是人。
My
money
is__________________.
我的钱快用完了。
They
have___________________all
the
money.
他们已经用光了所有的钱。
Remember
that
everyone
can
do
something
to
make
a
difference！记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！(P109)
make
a/no/some/much
difference
to…意为“对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。
e.g.The
rain
did
not
make
much
difference
to
the
game.
这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。
【单词表单词】（少limit）
Welcome
一．根据汉语提示写单词。
1.He
is__________(挖洞)in
the
garden.
2.Is
he___________(严肃的)
3.We
can____________(减少)air
pollution
by
riding
bicycles.
4.We
can___________(回收利用)old
things.
5.It
is____________(明智的)of
you
to
take
a
map.
答案：1.digging
2.serious
3.reduce
4.recycle
5.wise
二．动词填空。
1.Which
team
_______________
you
_______________
(support
)in
the
match
tonight
2.The
girl
found
an
excuse
to
avoid
________________
(go)
out
with
the
man.
3.
---How
can
we
reduce
air
pollution ---
By
______________
(
ride )
bicycles.
答案：1.will;
support
2.going
3.riding
三．单选题。
(
)1.Many
accidents
____________________
by
careless
drivers
last
year.
A.
are
caused
B.
had
caused
C.
have
caused
D.
were
caused
(
)2.We
should
try
to
_____________
all
our
waste
paper.
A.
recycle
B.
protect
C.
produce
D.
reduce
(
)3.Do
you
know
why
he
didn’t
________
a
word
when
he
_________
to
Too
nervous.
A.
speak,
speaks
B.
say,
was
spoken
C.
say,
spoke
D.
speak,
is
spoken
(
)
4.---How
is
your
pet
dog
---Lovely.
But
if
he
________
at
home
all
day,
he
______
at
me.
A.
keeps,
barks
B.
is
kept,
will
bark
C.
is
kept,
bark
D.
keeps,
will
bark
(
)
5.Annie
________
to
the
party.
She
had
a
wonderful
time
with
us.
A.
invited
B.
is
invited
C.
was
invited
D.
has
invited
(
)6.The
teacher
punished(惩罚)
the
boy
________
making
him
tell
a
story
__________.
A.
with,
by
France
B.
by,
with
French
C.
by,
in
French
D.
in,
with
France
(
)7.---The
light
in
your
room
is
still
on.
---Sorry,
I
will
________
when
I
leave
next
time.
A.
turn
it
up
B
turn
down
it
C.
turn
it
off
D.
turn
on
it
(
)
8.Mary
would
like
to
spend
____________
days
on
her
research.
A.
a
little
more
B.
a
little
C.
a
few
more
D.
much
more
(
)
9.__________
is
wise
__________
people
to
take
the
underground.
A.
It,
to
B.
It
,
for
C.
This,
of
D.
That,
for
(
)10.
We
were
angry
to
hear
that
the
bad
milk
powder(奶粉
)_________
the
deaths
of
over
30
babies.
A.
made
B.
did
C.
brought
D.
caused
(
)11.Before
you
leave
the
room,
make
sure you
_______
the
lights
and
____________
the
windows.
A.
turn
off,
close
B.
turn
on,
turn
off
C.
close,
close
D.
open,
open
(
)12.The
old
man
______________
on
the
road.
Luckily,
he
was
not
badly__________.
A.
lay,
hurt
B.
lied,
hurted
C.
has
lain,
hurt
D.
was
lying,
hurted
(
)13.We
are
told
a
new
factory
________
here
next
year.
A.
will
set
up
B.
will
be
set
up
C.
would
set
up
D.
would
be
set
up
四．翻译句子
1.今年将建越来越多的工厂。
________
________
________
factories________
_________ _________
this
year.
2.我们可以通过骑车减少空气污染
We
can
________
_________
________
________
________
________.
3.我们该做些什么来节约能源？
What
_______
we
________
________
________
________.
4.人们选择公共交通是明智的。
It’s
_______ ________
people________
________
_________
_________.
5.我们可以通过循环利用废料来保护环境。
We
can
protect
our
environment________ ________
_________.
6.冬天进行较短时间的淋浴对人更好。
It’s
better
for
people
________ ________ ________
________.
7.你离开时记得关灯啊。
_______
_______ _______ ________ ________
________when
you
leave.
8.越来越少的人喜欢这部电影。
_________ ________ ________
people
like
the
film.
答案：1.More
and
more;
will
be
built
2.reduce
air
pollution
by
riding
bicycles
3.should;
do
to
save
resources
4.wise
for;
to
choose
public
transport
5.by
recycling
waste
6.to
take
shorter
showers
7.Remember
to
turn
off
the
lights
8.Fewer
and
fewer
Reading
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
We
shouldn’t
use____________(塑料)bags
when
we
go
shopping.
Boys
and
girls
will
be____________(分开)into
two
groups.
_______________(回收利用)
is
a
good
way
to
deal
with
some
useful
waste.
You
have
to
be
18
years
old
before
you
are__________(允许)to
drive
a
car.
You
can’t___________(惩罚)a
child
just
because
he
wants
to
watch
TV
for
a
while.
Why
was
your
friend____________(罚款)by
the
police
We
know
who
we
can____________(依赖)on
in
our
lives
and
we
usually
turn
to
them
when
we
need
help.
It’s
true
that
people
having
a_____________（富有的）dad
sometimes
can
do
things
easily
but
working
hard
is
more
important.
Oil
is
a
kind
of
finite(不可再生)______________(资源)and
we
will
run
out
of
it
some
day.
You
should
spend
your
money___________(明智地).
Do
you
know
how
many
cars
are____________(生产)in
this
factory
every
year
The
sea
air
has
made
a______________(不同)to
her
health.
答案：1.plastic
2.separated
3.Recycling
4.allowed
5.punish
6.fined
7.depend
8.rich
9.resource
10.wisely
11.produced
12.difference
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
To
reduce
pollution,many
supermarkets
have
stopped
providing__________(塑料)bags.
The
police
moved
in
to____________(分开)the
two
groups
of
people.
Waste
can
be
made
into
something
new
by____________(循环利用).
Please____________(允许)me
to
introduce
myself
first.
He
will
be_________(惩罚)by
the
police
because
of
stealing.
There
are
many
rich___________(资源)in
our
country.
It’s___________(明智的)for
us
to
take
a
map
with
us
when
we
go
for
a
trip.
It’s
difficult
for
him
to
tell
the___________(不同)between
the
two.
答案：1.plastic
2.separate
3.recycling
4.Allow
5.punished
6.resources
7.wise
8.differences
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
Are
we
let_____________(hand)in
our
homework
tomorrow,Mr
Li
---You
look
unhappy.What’s
the
matter
---I______________(not
hear)from
Rose
for
months.I’m
worried
about
her
---I
saw
her
in
the
park
at
8
p.m.yesterday.
---Impossible.She_____________(chat)with
me
at
my
home
then.
Lisa_____________(choose)to
act
in
that
film,wasn’t
she
Our
country
has
made
many
laws______________(protect)the
safety
of
the
young.
Sorry,you
aren’t
allowed_____________(talk)aloud
here.
All
the
teachers_______________(invite)to
take
part
in
the
party
next
week.
It’s
necessary
for
us_______________(support)each
other
in
the
match.
Helen
always_____________(try)her
best
to
do
everything
well
when
she
was
at
school.
Tom
was
seen_____________(jump)into
the
river
and
help
he
child
out.
Choose____________（wise）how
you
spend
time
and
with
whom
you
spend
it..
If
we
drop
litter
in
a
public
place,we___________(fine)by
the
police.
There
is
a
special_______________（organize）to
help
the
children
in
poor
areas.
We
are
not
allowed______(cut)down
trees.
I
learned
about
an
organization
for_________(recycle)clothes.
He
is
much______(rich)than
me.
Until
your
passport____________(show)to
us,we
won’t
let
you
in
at
all..
All
the
food___________(eat)up,but
they
still
felt
hungry.
It’s
lucky
that
we_____________(give)enough
time
to
make
a
decision
then.
_________(make)sure
there
are
no
mistakes,you
must
be
more
careful
with
your
homework.
---How
do
you
like
the
city ---Wonderful!I_____________(stay)here
for
another
two
years.
He
won’t
get
there
on
time
if
he___________(not
leave)earlier
tomorrow..
---Why
didn’t
you
stop
him
going
out
---Sorry,but
I______________(write)a
letter
and
didn’t
notice
him
go
out.
Students________________(punish)if
they
are
late
for
school
often.
We
depend
on
nature_____________(live).
I
learnt
something
about_____________(recycle)clothes.
二、单项填空
(
)1.
We
are
not
allowed
_____________
in
public.
A.
waiting
in
line

B.
to
keep
quiet

C.
to
smoke
D.
pick
the
flowers
(
)2.
To
live
a
green
life,
we
should
try
to
save
_____
energy
and
produce
______
pollution.
A.
more;
less

B.
less;
more

C.
more;
fewer
D.
Most;
least
(
)3.
---We
must
act
now
because
time
is
____________.
---Yes.
Let’s
start.
A.
coming
out

B.
giving
out

C.
cutting
out

D.
running
out
(
)4.
Would
you
please
tell
me
________
to
do
with
all
the
books.
A.
how

B.
why

C.
what

D.
which
(
)5.
People
must
___________
down
trees.
A.
prevent
cutting

B.
prevent
from
cutting

C.
be
prevented
to
cut

D.
be
prevented
from
cutting
(
)6.
The
children
were
___________
into
groups
for
games.
A.
seperate
B.
be
separated
C.
separated
D.
Separating
(
)7.
Yesterday
I
__________
all
the
salt
to
cook
meals.
I
need
to
buy
some
now.
A.
ate
up

B.
run
out

C.
ran
of

D.
ran
out
of
(
)8.
From
May
6,
Pedestrians(行人)
__________
10
yuan
if
they
run
red
traffic
lights.
A.
will
fine

B.
were
fined

C.
are
fined

D.
will
be
fined
二、单项填空
(
)1.
People
have
realized
how
important
the
environment
is,but
still
many
trees
__
in
the
world
every
year.
A.were
cut
down
B.cut
down
C.are
cut
down
D.will
be
cut
down
(
)2.All
Jim’s
money
has
___________and
now
he
feels
helpless..
A.ran
out
B.run
out
of
C.run
out
D.
ran
out
of
(
)3.Try
to
guess
its
meaning
when
you
meet
a
new
word.
Don’t
_____
your
dictionary
all
the
time.
A.keep
on
B.
depend
on
C.decide
on
D.turn
on
(
)4.He
was
really
sad
to
find
that
his
hard
work
just
made
_________difference
to
the
result
of
this
matter
A.
much
B.any
C.a
D.no
(
)5.I
bought
some
CDs
for
my
son
and
they
________me
$30.
A.
spent
B.paid
C.
cost
D.used
(
)6.He
takes
a
lot
of
exercise
every
day
and
she
is
always
full
of___________.
A.knowledge
B.energy
C.
change
D.
courage
(
)7.
Drivers
shouldn’t
be
allowed
________
after
drinking,
or
they
will
break
the
law.
A.
drive
B.
driving
C.to
drive
D.
to
be
driven
(
)8
We
should
try
to
save
_______energy
and
produce
_______
pollution.
A.
more；less
B.less;
more
C
more;
fewer
D
most;least
(
)９Many
boys
and
girls
are
made
___________what
they’re
not
__________.
A
to
do;
interesting
B
to
do
;
interested
in
C
do;
interested
in
D
do;interesting
in
四、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.像玻璃、塑料和纸这些东西被分成不同的组然后被回收。
Things
like
glass,________and
paper____________________different
groups
and
then______.
2.我们的政府有许多保护环境的法律。
Our____________has
many_________________________the______________.
3.我们不被允许砍伐树木。
We
are
not__________________________________trees.
4.如果我们在公共场合乱扔垃圾，我们将被警察罚款。
If
we___________________________________________place,we
will______________by
the
police.
5.大自然是我们最伟大的财富，我们依靠它丰富的资源生存。
________is
our__________________.We_________________its__________________________________.
6.对我们来说，明智地保护我们的环境很重要。
It’s__________for
us___________________our_____________________.
7.此外，它们几乎不产生污染。
__________,they______________________________.
8.记住每个人都能做一些事来对我们的环境起作用。
Remember
that
everyone
can
do
something______________________________________our___________.
9.我了解到一个回收衣服的组织。
I
learnt
about_________________________________clothes.
10.学生们不被允许进入网吧。
Students_________________________________the
Internet
bars.
11.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
The
rain
didn’t_______________________________the
game.
四、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.西藏是一个有高山和蓝天白云的地方。
Tibet
is
a
place________________________,blue
sky
and
white
clouds..
2.垃圾应该被分类然后回收。
Rubbish
should
be____________________different
groups
and
then___________.
3.我们国家有很多法律来保护环境。
Our
country
has
many
laws_______________________________________.
4.如果我们再继续砍树，那么大熊猫将会无家可归。
If
we
keep
on____________________________,giant
pandas
will
have
nowhere
to
live.
5.太阳能成本低廉且用之不尽。
Solar
energy_____________________and
never__________________.
6.手机对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
Mobile
phones
have_______________________________________________our
life.
7.他经常收到来自全国各地的信。
He
usually
receives
letters
from__________________________________.
8在公共场合乱扔垃圾是不好的。
It’s
not
good____________________in
a
public
place。
五、句型转换
1.Mike
doesn’t
have
enough
money
to
buy
a
new
car.（同意句）
Mike___________________to
buy
a
new
car..
2
I
am
given
a
birthday
present
by
my
parents
every
year.（同意句）
A
birthday
present_________________________________by
my
parents
every
year.
3
His
parents
didn’t
catch
his
words
at
once.（改为被动语态）
His
words__________________________his
parents
at
once.
4
The
new
books
are
sold
in
that
shop.(划线提问)
__________________the
new
books_________
5
We
allow
smoking
in
this
room
only.(改为被动语态)
__________________________in
the
room
only.
6
He
is
going
to
finish
the
work
in
two
days.（改为被动语态）
The
work__________________________________by
him
in
two
days.
Integrated
skills
Intrgrated
skills
1.Take
showers
for
less
than
10
minutes洗澡不超过10分钟
句中的短语less
than表示“少于”,其反义词(组)为
over或
more
than,表示“超过
°
I
spend
over
twenty
minutes
reading
English
every
day.
=I
spend
more
than
twenty
minutes
reading
English
every
day.我每天花20多分钟的时间读英语
There
are
over
20
students
in
the
classroom.教室里有20多名学生。
根据汉语意思完成句子
今天我花了不到半小时就完成了作业。
I
spent
______
______
half
an
hour
finishing
my
homework
today.
2.RecycIe
empty
bottles回收空瓶子
句中
empty是形容词,意为“空的”,其反义词是full
,
意为“满的”。
This
bottle
is
empty.
Please
give
me
a
bull
one.
这个瓶子是空的。请拿一个满的给我。
The
classroom
is
empty
at
the
moment.
现在教室里没有人。
【拓展】
empty
adj空虚的,没有意义的;vt.
&
vi.倒空,变空,其反义词是:fill
v.装满,集满。
That's
an
empty
dream.
那是个空虚的梦。
They
emptied
the
room
at
once.
他们立即搬空了房间。
The
streets
soon
emptied
when
the
rain
started.一开始下雨,大街上立即空无一人。
注意：empty指房间等时意为“空的，没有人的，里面没装东西的”；指座位时意为“没有人占据的”；指人心理时意为“空虚的”。Empty含有否定意义，一般不与inside连用。
例题：根据汉语提示完成句子。
That
box
is
________(空的).
3.Air
Pollution
is
harmful
to
our
health.空气污染对我们的健康有害。
句中
harmful是形容词,意为“有害的”,其反义词是:harmless
adj.
无害的
。
Watching
TV
too
much
is
harmful
to
your
eyesight.电视看得太多对视力有害。
固定搭配：do
no
harm无害;do
sb/sth
harm=
do
harm
to
sb/Sth对某人/某物有害,其反义词组是:do
good
to
sb/sth对某人或某物有好处;be
harmful
to对……有害,相当于
be
bad
for;
be
harmless
to对……无害。
注意：harm表示人的心理、健康或事业上的伤害，程度较轻；hurt多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位，或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害。
用所给词的适当形式填空
It’s
______
(harm)
to
the
orange
trees.
同义句转换
Smoking
is
bad
for
our
health.
Smoking
_______
_______
________
our
health.
Study
skills
1.Coal,
oil
and
natural
gas
is
not
only
useful
for
families,
but
have
a
wider
use
for
factories.
煤、石油和天然气不仅对家庭有用
,而且对工厂有更广泛的用途。
句中
not
only…
but(also)…是并列连词,意为“不仅……而且……”,它连接两个结构相似、语法功能相同的成分。
He
not
only
said
it
but
also
did
it.他不但说了,而且做了。
【拓展】该短语连接主语时,谓语动词与
but
also之后的主语一致。
Not
only
he
but
also
I
am
good
at
English.不但他,而且我也擅长英语。
wide是形容词,意为“广泛的,宽的,宽阔的”。
The
river
is
about
10
meters
wide.这条河大约10米宽。
My
dog
hunts
when
I
hide,
with
eyes
open
wide.我躲起来的时候,我的狗睁大了眼晴四处找我。
【拓展】widely
adv.
广泛地,范围广地,普遍地。
English
is
widely
used
all
over
the
world.全世界广泛使用英语。
例1：用所给词的适当形式填空
Mobile
phones
are
_______
(wide)
used
among
the
middle
school
students.
例2：李明不仅聪明而且勤奋。
Li
Ming
is
______________________________________________.
2.
They
will
form
over
thousands
or
even
millions
of
years.它们的形成需要超过几千年甚至上百万年。
句中
form是动词,意为“形成,建立,(使)组成”。
They
formed
a
circle
and
sang“Friendship
Forever”.他们围成一圈，唱起了《友谊地久天长》。
They
want
to
form
a
study
group.他们想组建一个学习小组。
固定搭配：in
the
form
of
以……的形式;
in
form在形式上;a
form
of
一种……的形式；application
form
申请表，申请书。
根据汉语提示完成句子
Playing
basketball
is
one
_______
(形式)of
physics
exercise.
3.
lf
they
are
used
and
thrown
away
carelessly,
finally
some
of
them
will
run
out.
如果它们被用光而且被粗心地扔掉,最后它们中的一些将会枯竭。
句中
carelessly是副词,意为“粗心地,满不在乎地”,其反义词是
carefully,意为“认真地,细心地”。
He
always
does
his
homework
carelessly.他总是粗心地做作业。
【拓展】
careless
adj.
粗心的,漫不经心的,其反义词是
careful,意为“细心的,认真的”。
The
girl
is
very
careful.这个女孩非常认真。
例4：用所给词的适当形式填空
He
failed
his
math
examination
because
of
his
_______
(care)
work.
Task
Task
要点详解
1.Our
environment
is
changing
for
the
worse,…我们的环境正变得更糟,......
句中
worse是名词,意为“更坏的事,更糟糕的事”。
Lily
always
says
the
things
have
changed
for
the
worse.莉莉总是说事情变得更糟糕了。
例题：1.-
How
are
you
today,
Mike
-
I’m
_____
now.
I
don't
think
this
medicine
is
good
for
me.
A.
badly
B.better
C.well
D.worse
2.-
How
are
you
today
-
I'm
feeling
much_______
(bad)
than
yesterday.
2.Here
are
some
simple
steps
to
take.这里有一些可采取的简单的步骤。
step是可数名词,意为“步骤,措施”
。
What's
the
next
step 下一步该怎么办
【拓展】step
n.脚步,脚步声;台阶。
He
was
walking
with
slow
steps.他慢步行走。
We
heard
foot
steps
outside.我们听到了外面的病步声
。
Please
mind
the
steps
when
you
go
down.
下去时请注意台阶。
根据、汉语意思完成句子。
我们应该紧跟时代的脚步。
We
should
______
______
________
the
times.
〔答案〕
keep/follow
steps
with
Integrated
skills
针对性训练
I.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.It
takes
Amy______
______
(不到)an
hour
to
do
her
homework
every
day.
2.The
glass
on
the
table
is
______
(空的).
3.There
is
no______
(伤害)
in
trying.
4.I
think
this
article
is
________
(无害的).
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
5.
He
_______
(empty)
his
bag
but
still
didn't
find
his
pen.
6.
It
is
clear
that
smoking
is
_______(harm)
to
our
health.
同义句转换
7.
This
kind
of
fruit
will
do
you
harm.
This
kind
of
fruit
will
_______
_______
________
your
health.
Study
skills
针对性训练
I.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.
A
moment
later,
a
plan
began
to______
(形成)in
his
head.
2.
The
desk
should
be
_______
(宽的)enough
to
allow
plenty
of
space
for
the
books.
3.
He
missed
the
early
bus_______(粗心地).
单项填空
4.
Not
only
my
friends
but
also
I_____
_____
interested
in
football
and
Messi
is
our
favorite
star.
A.be
B.an
C.is
D.are
根据汉语意思完成句子
5.
他喜欢生活在自然的形式里。
He
likes
living
_______
_______
________
________
nature.
6.不仅你而且我也是对的
。
_______
______
you
_______
_______
I
_______
right.
Task
I.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.
Can
you
hear
the
______(脚步声)
outside
the
classroom
用所给词的适当形式填空
2.
False
hope
is______
(bad)
than
no
hope
at
all.
3.
That's
the
_______
(bad)
film
I've
see.
根据汉语意思完成句子
4.
这位老人继续走了几步。
The
old
man
walked
on
______
______
_______
Grammar知识点
1.Pollution
is
one
of
the
biggest
problems
in
the
world
today.今天,污染是世界上最大的问题之一。
pollution是不可数名词,意为“污染,污染物”。
固定搭配：water
pollution水汚染;
air
pollution空气汚染;
noise
pollution噪音污染;
light
pollution光污染。
句中“one
of
+
the+形容词最高级+复数名词/代词”是固定结构,意为“最……之一”,该短语作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
The
Changjiang
River
is
one
of
the
longest
rivers
in
the
world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
One
of
the
tallest
boys
is
my
best
friend
Peter.最高的男孩之一是我最好的朋友彼得。
problem
是可数名词,意为“难题,问题”。
I
have
some
problems
with
listening.我在听力方面有些困难。
辨析：problem,
question
problem
所指的问题总是与困难联系着,表示“有待于解决的问题”;而
question所指的问题总是和疑问联系着,表示“有待回答”,它常与
ask,
answer连用。
I
can't
work
out
the
problem.我无法解答这道题。
This
is
a
difficult
question
to
answer.这是个难以回答的问题。
一言辨异：The
question
is
how
to
solve
the
maths
problem.问题是如何解答这道数学题。
例1：Mo
Yan
is
one
of
_______
writers
in
the
world.
A.
famous
B.
more
famous
C.
most
famous
D.
the
most
famous
例2：The
food
safety
is
a
serious
_______
in
our
country
.
we
should
try
to
solve
it.
A.
subject
B.
problem
C.
program
D.
opinion
例3:用所给词的适当形式填空。
Waste
water
from
that
factory
is
the
main
cause
of
the
________(pollute)
of
local
rivers.
2.
AS
well
as
people,
animals
are
harmed
by
pollution.除了人,动物也被污染伤害了。
as
well
as的用法如下:
(1)
as
well
as常用来连接两个并列的成分,作“也,还”解。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及,
因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致;而用
not
only…
but
also…连接并列主语时,谓语动词与后一项一致。
Electric
energy
can
be
changed
into
light
energy
as
well
as
into
sound
energy.
电能既可以被转变成声能,又可以被转变成光能
。
(2)as
well
as用来表示同级比较,指“和……一样好”。
You
look
as
well
as
you
did
ten
years
ago.你看起来还和十年前一样好。
例4：根据汉语意思完成句子。
(1)我不但弹吉他,而且还演唱。
I
play
the
guitar
,
and
I
sing
______
_______
.
=I
not
only
play
the
guitar,
I
______
sing.
(2)不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。
Your
wife
______
______
_______
you
is
friendly
to
me.
=Not
only
you
but
also
your
wife
_______
friendly
to
me.
例5：Tom
,______
Jane
and
Rose
,______
going
to
the
farm
on
foot
.
A.
as
long
as
,is
B.
as
well
as
,are
C.
as
long
as
,are
D.
as
well
as,
is
3.
if
we
do
not
act
to
improve
the
environment
,
more
living
things
will
be
killed
by
pollution
.如果我们不采取行动改善环境,更多的生物将会由于污染而死亡。
在if引导的条件状语中，用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作，主句仍用一般将来时。
I’ll
go
fishing
with
you
if
it
doesn’t
rain
tomorrow
.如果明天不下雨，我就和你一起去钓鱼。
句中living
是形容词，意为“活着的”，既可指人，也可指物，可作表语或定语。
That
is
a
living
painting.那是一幅栩栩如生的油画。
辨析alive
,living
,live
,lively
alive
活着的，作表语时，修饰人或物均可，这时可与living互换；作定语时应后置。
living
活着的，主要作前置定语,也可作表语。The
living意为“活着的人”
live
活的,活着的,作定语,一般修饰物
lively
活泼的,生机勃勃的,既可作表语,也可作定语;修饰人或物均可
Was
the
cat
alive/living
or
dead
这只猫是死的还是活的
Kate
is
a
lively
girl.凯特是一个活泼的女孩。
例6：It
will
be
hard
for
us
to
get
up
in
the
morning
if
we
______
to
bed
too
late.
A.
go
B.
went
C.
will
go
D.
have
gone
Grammar语法
被动语态
一、基本概念：
英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义。
二、构成：
被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此。各种时态形式表如下：

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are+P.P.(过去分词)
am/is/are+being+P.P.
has/have+been+P.P.
过去
was/were+P.P.
was/were+being+P.P.
had+been+P.P.
将来
shall/will+be+P.P.


另：含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+P.P.”
不定式的被动语态构成为“to
be
done”
1.
English
is
spoken
in
many
countries.
(一般现在时)
2.
Who
was
this
article
written
by
(一般过去时)
3.
An
important
meeting
will
be
held
in
our
school.
(一般将来时)
4.
A
new
bridge
is
being
built
in
the
city.
(现在进行时)
5.
Everything
has
been
done
by
him
so
far.
(现在完成时)
6.
Something
must
be
done
to
protect
wild
animals.
(情态动词)
三、使用范围：
①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者
These
books
are
written
for
children.
/
We
were
asked
to
sing
a
song.
②强调动作的承受者，这时可带有by引起的短语。
More
trees
must
be
planted
by
us
next
year.
A
new
machine
was
invented
by
Uncle
Wang
last
month.
③当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态
The
whole
village
was
washed
away
by
the
flood.
④表示客观的说明常用“It’s
+过去分词”句型。
It
is
said
that
Lucy
has
gone
abroad.
这类句型有：

It’s
said
that
….据说……

It’s
reported
that….据报道……

It’s
believed
that….大家相信……
四。、主动变被动4大步骤：
1、把原主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，如为代词，宾格形式须变为主格形式。
2、把动词变为被动形式即be
+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持

不变。
3、原主动语态中的主语如需要则放在by后面变成by的宾语，如为代词，主格形式须变为宾格形式，

如不需要则可省略。
4、其它成分（定语、状语）不变。

Everybody
likes
this
girl.
----
This
girl
is
liked
by
everybody.

He
wrote
a
letter.
----
A
letter
was
written
by
him.
五、被动语态注意事项：
1、不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后面的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带to，但在被动语态中要带to。
1）I
saw
him
climb
up
the
hill.
He
was
seen
to
climb
up
the
hill.
2）We
heard
him
sing
in
his
room
just
now.
He
was
heard
to
sing
in
his
room
just
now.
2、主动语态中若有两个宾语，变为被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变。主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定，常为for或to
。例如：
1）We
gave
him
some
books.
He
was
given
some
books
(by
us).
或
Some
books
were
given
to
him
(by
us).
2）He
gave
me
a
book.
A
book
was
given
to
me
by
him.
3
）He
showed
me
a
ticket.

A
ticket
was
shown
to
me
by
him.
4）My
father
bought
me
a
new
bike.

A
new
bike
was
bought
for
me
by
my
father.
5）A
girl
saw
my
wallet
drop
when
she
passed
by.
My
wallet
was
seen
to
drop
by
a
girl
when
she
passed
by.
6）The
boss
made
the
little
boy
do
heavy
work.
The
little
boy
was
made
to
do
heavy
work
by
the
boss.
3、一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
1）
We
can’t
laugh
at
him.
He
can’t
be
laughed
at
by
us.
2）He
listens
to
the
radio
every
day.
The
radio
is
listened
to
by
him
every
day.
3）The
nurse
is
taking
care
of
the
sick
man.

The
sick
man
is
being
taken
care
of
by
the
nurse.
4、主动语态中如有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语变成主语，其余部分不变。
例如：
They
asked
him
to
take
the
medicine.
He
was
asked
to
take
the
medicine.
2)
We
found
him
working
in
the
fields.
He
was
found
working
in
the
fields.
六、不使用被动语态的几种情况：
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：appear,
die,
disappear,
end,
fail,
happen,
last,
lie,
remain,
sit,
spread,
stand,
break
out,
come
true,
fall
asleep,
keep
silence,
lose
heart,
take
place.例如：
What
was
happened
to
him？(错误)
What
happened
to
him？
(正确)
2、系动词（包括感官动词）无被动语态（keep除外），用主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear,
be,become,
fall,
feel,
get,
grow,
look,
remain,
seem,
smell,
sound,
stay,
taste,
turn。
The
flower
smells
sweet.
The
dish
tastes
delicious.
The
cloth
feels
very
soft.
It
sounds
good.
3、有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This
pen
writes
well.
This
new
book
sells
well.
4、want,
need,
require,
worth等词后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The
children
need
looking
after.
The
table
wants
cleaning.
Grammar知识点
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.
Waste
gases
from
that
factory
always______(污染)
the
air.
用所给词的适当形式填空
2.
The
two
factories
are
our
city's
biggest
_______(pollute).
3.
They
made
up
their
mind
to
deal
with
air
_________
(pollute).
4.
After
so
many
hard
years
he
is
still
_______(live).
5.
I'll
tell
him
about
it
if
he
______
(come)
here
tomorrow.
根据汉语意思完成句子
6.他的吉他弹得和你一样好。
He
plays
the
guitar
______
______
______
you.
单项填空
(
)7.
The
safety
of
food
has
become
one
of
the
______
in
our
daily
life.
A.
more
expensive
B.
more
important
C.
most
expensive
D.
most
important
(
)8.
If
we
______
take
environmental
problems
seriously,
the
earth
______
worse
and
worse.
don't,
will
be
B.
won't,
isn't
C.
won’t
is
D.
don't,
won't
be
Grammar语法
1.
--Can
Mr.
King
spare
some
time
for
the
charity
show
（2015盐城市中考）
--If
he
___,
he
will
try
his
best
to
make
it.
will
be
invited
B.
is
invited
C.
invites
D.
invited
2.
UNICEF
was
______
in1946
to
improve
children’s
lives
after
World
War
II.（2015宿迁市中考）
A.
given
up
B.
put
up
C.
set
up
D.
got
up
3.
—Did
you
and
your
sister
go
to
Miss
Brown’s
party
yesterday （2015扬州市中考）
—No.
Neither
of
us
_______.
A.
invites
B.
invited
C.
is
invited
D.
was
invited
4.
—How
can
I
get
a
present
in
the
game
show
—You
_________
one
if
you
answer
all
the
questions
correctly.
A.
were
given
B.
have
given
C.
will
be
given
D.
have
been
given
5.
Eton
College
in
England
was
in
1440
by
King
Henry
VI
to
give
free
education
to
poor
students.
A.
cleaned
up
B.
set
up
C.
fixed
up
D.
cheered
up
6.
—
When
can
we
go
home
this
afternoon.Mr.
Zhang
—
You
can’t
leave
until
the
work
________.
A.
finishes
B.
will
be
finished
C.
has
finished
D.
is
finished
7.
This
kind
of
iPad
______
in
our
computer
shop.
It
______
very
well.
A.is
sold;
sells
B.sells;
is
sold
C.sells;
sells
D.is
sold;
is
sold
8.
—
Can
you
finish
the
job
alone
—
I
am
sure
I
can
if
I
________
one
more
hour.
A.
give
B.
will
give
C.
am
given
D.
gave
9.
-Do
you
mind
me_______
in
the
dining
hall
-Sorry.
It's
not_______.
A.
smoking;
allowed
B.
smoking;
allow
C.
to
smoke;
allow
D.
to
smoke;
allowed
Key:
1-5
BCDCB
6-9
DACA