Unit 1 Nothing ventured单元能力素养提升(解析版）
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Unit 1 Nothing ventured单元能力素养提升
【说明】 本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.
Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.
Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.
Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on-board sensors (传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.
In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。
1．According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.
A．more time on the road
B．a great waste of fuel
C．even heavier traffic jams
D．increased death and injuries
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段“In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些拥挤的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，故选B。
2．What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Reducing traffic jams.
B．Building smart motorways.
C．Setting proper speed limits.
D．Keeping steady traffic flows.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选D。
3．What is the author’s attitude towards connected cars?
A．Curious. B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive. D．Disappointed.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels
B．The Future Traffic Management System
C．The Benefits and Problems of Cars
D．The Promising Future of Car Production
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. ’Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。故选A。
B
If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.
The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow’s milk; eggs; wheat.
What Is a Food Allergy?
Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.
What’s a Reaction Like?
In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.
What Will the Doctor Do?
If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的症状及其应对措施等。
5．According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when your immune system ________.
A．recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food
B．mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain food
C．prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system
D．releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体。故选B项。
6．In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?
A．Blood pressure rising.
B．Lips swelling.
C．Breathing difficulty.
D．Heart beating becoming slow.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“This is a sudden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄，出现呼吸困难。故选C项。
7．Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?
A．Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.
B．Avoiding eating any food when going outside.
C．Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.
D．Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知，过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。故选D项。
8．What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?
A．Ask you about the allergy-associated information.
B．Give you some medicine right away.
C．Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.
D．Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四、五句“The allergy specialist ... or other allergy-related conditions.”可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。故答案为A项。
C
Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving)．
“Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power，” researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their well-being compared with driving.
The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.
Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia’s Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.
A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共车辆往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of well-being. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappeared, the report said.
“The effects of commuting on personal well-being are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects day-to-day emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.
Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University’s Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”
语篇解读：研究表明，骑车或步行上班有助于排解压力，提高幸福指数。
9．What can be learned from Paragraph 1?
A．Driving for long drives people crazy.
B．Feeling stressed can be predicted.
C．Walking to work helps reduce stress.
D．Travelling by bus makes people excited.
解析：选C 细节理解题。通读第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于缓解压力。
10．Walking to work is something ________.
A．preferred by most people
B．easier to perform in daily life
C．making people more creative
D．beneficial to the sense of happiness
解析：选D 细节理解题。第二、三段的内容告诉我们：研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数。
11．What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?
A．Tiresome task.
B．Amazing challenge.
C．Meaningless thing.
D．Financial trouble.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。最后一段中提到乘公交车上下班的人们早、晚都遇到交通堵塞，那肯定也是一件让人感到讨厌的事情。
12．What type of writing is this text?
A．A scientific report.
B．A transportation guide.
C．A policy announcement.
D．A new lifestyle introduction.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章多处提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推测，本文应该属于一篇科学研究报告。
D
Contrary to popular belief, looking at someone’s face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are roaring in celebration or screaming in frustration, researchers claimed.While people may believe they have the ability to read each other’s faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.
In a study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point.
In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player’s full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed.
Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.
Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced they had made their judgment based on the players’ facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.
The researchers carried out a second study where participants were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat.
Using photo-editing software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotion, and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos.
The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, demonstrating that people base their interpretation of strong emotions not on the face but the body.
Dr Aviezer, who led the study, said, “These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.For example, individuals may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if they are trained to process important body language, their performance may significantly improve.”
语篇解读：最新的研究表明：通过观察别人的眼睛，人们并不能完全读懂他们的心情，但如果通过肢体语言，人们却能更好地了解别人在想什么。
13．What do we know about the first study?
A．The participants were divided into four groups.
B．All participants were given the same pictures to see.
C．It proved that emotions influence people’s body language.
D．Participants could tell the players’ feelings when seeing the full picture.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第四段的“Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body”可知D项正确。
14．What did Dr Aviezer think of the results of the study?
A．Ridiculous. B．Useless.
C．Unrealistic. D．Helpful.
解析：选D 推理判断题。从最后一段的“The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.”可知，Dr Aviezer认为这些结果在某个方面对其他研究有一定的帮助。
15．Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?
A．Body rather than eyes is the window of the soul.
B．Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.
C．Researchers link emotions to body language through software.
D．Two studies focus on the link between body language and emotions.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。最新的研究表明：通过观察别人的眼睛，人们并不能完全读懂他们的心情，但如果通过肢体语言，人们却更加清晰地知道别人在想什么。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? It’s a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are some basic tips to avoid that infamous essay：
● Don’t write the “safe” essay.
__16__ It could be something that others have also experienced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out.
● Avoid the generic and get specific.
Never write that you’re “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. __17__ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you copy from the Internet.
●__18__
There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that information on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office.
● Don’t talk about rankings.
Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flattering (讨好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aware of their rankings. __19__
● Don’t complain.
If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Don’t point fingers. __20__ A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across.
A．It’s important to show patience and determination.
B．This applies to all types of essays.
C．Don’t forget about the activity list.
D．Pick a topic that only you can write about.
E．They just want to know why you want to attend.
F．Don’t repeat information that is elsewhere in your application.
G．Tell the reader what you’ve done, how you’ve been influenced, and by whom.
答案：16～20 DGFEA
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
A crowd gathered recently to hear a popular jazz band. The music was good, and the 21 were very talented. But everyone had come to see one player 22 ， the 9-year-old boy, Jose Andre Montano.
Why were so many music-lovers interested in 23 this young man perform? It is because he is a jazz 24 ， and he is blind.
Jose’s life began in Totora, Bolivia, 25 he was born blind. Yet 26 his lack of sight, the boy began playing the drums at the age of four. He showed a(n) 27 ability, and before long, he was playing the 28 ， too. By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏). His parents, along with everyone else, are 29 surprised by his wonderful talent. “I didn’t know 30 before; he got me into it，” said his father, Roberto. “I don’t know how to explain how it 31 . It’s like jazz was 32 inside him.”
Many professional musicians are equally 33 and welcome the chance to 34 with Jose. They have noticed his deep understanding of this unique form of music. Singer Vero Perez says the exceptional thing about Jose isn’t his age or even his __35__. According to Perez, “He shows other musicians how jazz music really is to be played.”
As Jose’s fame __36__， he has more chances to tour and perform. He has traveled throughout Bolivia and into Brazil and Peru.
When Jose is at home with his family, he is a __37__ little boy. He goes to school and does his homework. __38__ when he begins playing the piano or drums, his musical genius becomes obvious. Jose has proved that nothing will keep him from doing what he loves best. His positive __39__ towards life encourages others to look past their own obstacles and __40__ their dreams.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个九岁的小男孩，先天失明，却拥有非凡的音乐天赋。他对爵士乐的理解甚至超过了专业音乐家的水平。他积极乐观的人生态度也鼓舞着人们去追求自己的梦想。
21．A.singers B．actors
C．musicians D．dancers
解析：选C 根据文章第一句中“a popular jazz band(流行爵士乐队)”可知，此处指音乐很棒，这些乐队成员也都很有才能。故选C项，意为“音乐家”。
22．A.in person B．in particular
C．by mistake D．by chance
解析：选B 根据句中“But”和“one player”可知，此处指尽管乐队成员都很优秀，但大家都尤其是来看Jose Andre Montano表演的。故选B项，意为“特别，尤其”。
23．A.celebrating B．encouraging
C．noticing D．watching
解析：选D 根据句中“perform”可知，人们是来观看Jose Andre Montano的演出的。故选D项，watch sb. do sth.意为“看某人做某事”。
24．A.genius B．fool
C．inventor D．conductor
解析：选A 根据下一段第二句中“the boy began playing the drums at the age of four”，该段第四句“By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏)．”和该段第五句中“surprised by his wonderful talent”可知，Jose Andre Montano是个爵士天才。故选A项，意为“天才”。
25．A.what B．where
C．when D．which
解析：选B 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词“Totora”在从句中作地点状语，意为“在这里”。故选B项。
26．A.through B．for
C．although D．despite
解析：选D 根据空格后的“his lack of sight”可知，空格处应用介词；分析本句句意可知，逗号前后之间是让步关系。D项是介词，意为“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。
27．A.amusing B．frightening
C．amazing D．interesting
解析：选C 结合上文内容和常识可知，一个先天失明的孩子，四岁就开始击鼓。这是一种令人惊叹的才能。故选C项，意为“令人惊叹的”。
28．A.drum B．computer
C．song D．piano
解析：选D 根据上文可知，Jose Andre Montano是个音乐天才，再由第六段中“he begins playing the piano”可知，本句指不久后他开始弹钢琴。故选D项，意为“钢琴”。
29．A.continuously B．normally
C．strangely D．suddenly
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，Jose Andre Montano一直在展现他的音乐天赋。由此可知，此处指他的父母和其他人不断地为他的音乐天赋感到惊讶。故选A项，意为“连续不断地”。
30．A.rock B．folk
C．jazz D．blues
解析：选C 根据本段最后一句“It’s like jazz was ________ inside him.”可知，此处指Jose的父亲原来不懂爵士乐，是Jose让他喜欢上了这种音乐。故选C项。
31．A.came about B．came back
C．turned up D．turned off
解析：选A 本句中“it”指Jose Andre Montano从小就具有音乐天赋这件事。故此处应指Jose的父亲不知道Jose 的音乐天赋是怎么产生的，因为他自己原来不懂爵士乐。故选A项，意为“发生，产生”。
32．A.only B．already
C．never D．hardly
解析：选B 根据上句可知，父亲不知道Jose的音乐天赋是如何产生的。再结合空格后“inside him”可知，此处指那好像是与生俱来的(早已在他体内)。故选B项，意为“已经”。
33．A.depressed B．confused
C．impressed D．worried
解析：选C 根据句中“equally”可知，不光是听众对 Jose Andre Montano的爵士乐天赋惊叹不已，许多专业的音乐家也被打动了。故选C项，意为“留下深刻印象的，被打动的”。
34．A.live B．chat
C．fight D．perform
解析：选D 根据“musicians”和“welcome the chance”可知，这些专业的音乐家也乐意接受和Jose Andre Montano一起表演的机会。故选D项，意为“表演”。
35．A.carelessness B．blindness
C．deafness D．loneliness
解析：选B 根据第二段第二句中“and he is blind”可知，答案为B项，意为“失明”。
36．A.promises B．appears
C．lifts D．spreads
解析：选D 根据句中“he has more chances to tour and perform”可知，由于Jose Andre Montano的名声传播开来，他得到的巡演机会越来越多。故选D项，意为“传播，散布”。
37．A.lazy B．happy
C．normal D．funny
解析：选C 根据下一句“He goes to school and does his homework.”可知，当在家里与家人共处时，Jose Andre Montano和别的孩子一样上学、做作业，是一个正常的小男孩。C项意为“正常的”，符合句意。
38．A.But B．So
C．Because D．Since
解析：选A 根据语境可知，但是当他开始弹钢琴或击鼓时，他与众不同的音乐天赋就展现出来了。本句与上句“他像正常小孩一样上学、做作业”之间是转折关系，故选A项。
39．A.success B．attitude
C．dream D．performance
解析：选B 根据语境可知，尽管Jose Andre Montano先天失明，但他却没有因此放弃自己最热爱的事。这种乐观的态度鼓舞了别人。故选B项，意为“态度”，常与介词to/towards连用。
40．A.reach for B．call for
C．ask for D．send for
解析：选A Jose Andre Montano对生活的乐观态度鼓舞人们克服困难，努力去追求梦想。A项意为“伸手去够，努力争取”，符合句意。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few __41__ (century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a __42__ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but __43__ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will __44__ (lay) down to move electricity around.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in __45__ West. This is not an argument against __46__ (build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of __47__， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily __48__ we can now.
So balance will have to __49__ (make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be __50__ (careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。对比高速公路、铁路的建设对美国西部的影响，作者探讨了可替代能源建设将对该地区产生的影响，建议建设中要谨慎。
41．centuries 考查名词的数。空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries。
42．lasting 考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知，空格处作定语，修饰名词。故用last的形容词形式lasting。
43．in 考查介词。in the ways为固定搭配，意为“以这些方式”，符合语境。故填in。
44．be laid 考查动词的语态。因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词之间为被动关系。故填be laid。
45．the 考查冠词。the West为专有名词，意为“西部，西方”。故填定冠词the。
46．building 考查非谓语动词。空格前的“against”为介词，介词后应接名词、动名词或代词。故用build的动名词形式building。
47．it 考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”，作介词of的宾语。故用it。
48．than 考查比较级结构。根据该句中的“far more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，空格处填比较级标志词than。far more than为固定搭配，意为“远超过……”，符合语境。
49．be made 考查动词的语态。该句主语为“balance”，和动词“make”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知，空格处应用be动词的原形。故填be made。
50．carefully 考查词性转换。分析该句结构可知，空格处修饰动词“moved”，应用副词。故填careful的副词形式carefully。
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.
答案：第一句：passenger→passengers; because后加of
第二句：trapping→trapped; is→was
第三句：去掉to
第四句：that→what
第五句：open→opening
第六句：but→and
第七句：their→his
第八句：thankfully→thankful
Ⅵ.书面表达(共1题；满分25分)
如今，随着智能手机和电子设备的普及，“低头族”现象兴起，人们沉溺于手机等电子设备，因而忽略了自己和他人的沟通交流，甚至在家庭聚餐中也只顾玩手机而不和长辈聊天，老人感到失落万分。请根据下图写一篇英语短文。
内容要点如下：
1．描述图画内容；
2．对图中现象加以分析；
3．针对这个现象提出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
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参考范文：
As can be seen from the picture, a big family get together to have a splendid dinner. But when they sit down to table, the young just bury themselves in playing with their cellphones, tablet PCs and other electronic devices, totally ignoring their parents, who feel very lonely and sad.
There is no doubt that cellphones have a negative effect on our lives. Heavy use of cellphones actually widens the distance between teenagers and their elders, leaving the elders more lonely. Worse still, addiction to cellphones might also lead to teenagers’ poor performance at school, which adds to elders’ worries. As far as I’m concerned, it’s necessary to limit the time we spend using cellphones. And I think it important to communicate with our family members face to face, which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere.
【说明】 本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.
Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.
Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.
Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on-board sensors (传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.
In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。
1．According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.
A．more time on the road
B．a great waste of fuel
C．even heavier traffic jams
D．increased death and injuries
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段“In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些拥挤的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，故选B。
2．What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Reducing traffic jams.
B．Building smart motorways.
C．Setting proper speed limits.
D．Keeping steady traffic flows.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选D。
3．What is the author’s attitude towards connected cars?
A．Curious. B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive. D．Disappointed.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels
B．The Future Traffic Management System
C．The Benefits and Problems of Cars
D．The Promising Future of Car Production
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold-ups. ’Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。故选A。
B
If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.
The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow’s milk; eggs; wheat.
What Is a Food Allergy?
Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.
What’s a Reaction Like?
In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.
What Will the Doctor Do?
If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的症状及其应对措施等。
5．According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when your immune system ________.
A．recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food
B．mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain food
C．prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system
D．releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体。故选B项。
6．In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?
A．Blood pressure rising.
B．Lips swelling.
C．Breathing difficulty.
D．Heart beating becoming slow.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“This is a sudden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄，出现呼吸困难。故选C项。
7．Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?
A．Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.
B．Avoiding eating any food when going outside.
C．Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.
D．Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知，过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。故选D项。
8．What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?
A．Ask you about the allergy-associated information.
B．Give you some medicine right away.
C．Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.
D．Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四、五句“The allergy specialist ... or other allergy-related conditions.”可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。故答案为A项。
C
Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving)．
“Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power，” researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their well-being compared with driving.
The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.
Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia’s Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.
A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共车辆往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of well-being. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappeared, the report said.
“The effects of commuting on personal well-being are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects day-to-day emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.
Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University’s Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”
语篇解读：研究表明，骑车或步行上班有助于排解压力，提高幸福指数。
9．What can be learned from Paragraph 1?
A．Driving for long drives people crazy.
B．Feeling stressed can be predicted.
C．Walking to work helps reduce stress.
D．Travelling by bus makes people excited.
解析：选C 细节理解题。通读第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于缓解压力。
10．Walking to work is something ________.
A．preferred by most people
B．easier to perform in daily life
C．making people more creative
D．beneficial to the sense of happiness
解析：选D 细节理解题。第二、三段的内容告诉我们：研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数。
11．What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?
A．Tiresome task.
B．Amazing challenge.
C．Meaningless thing.
D．Financial trouble.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。最后一段中提到乘公交车上下班的人们早、晚都遇到交通堵塞，那肯定也是一件让人感到讨厌的事情。
12．What type of writing is this text?
A．A scientific report.
B．A transportation guide.
C．A policy announcement.
D．A new lifestyle introduction.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章多处提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推测，本文应该属于一篇科学研究报告。
D
Contrary to popular belief, looking at someone’s face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are roaring in celebration or screaming in frustration, researchers claimed.While people may believe they have the ability to read each other’s faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.
In a study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point.
In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player’s full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed.
Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.
Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced they had made their judgment based on the players’ facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.
The researchers carried out a second study where participants were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat.
Using photo-editing software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotion, and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos.
The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, demonstrating that people base their interpretation of strong emotions not on the face but the body.
Dr Aviezer, who led the study, said, “These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.For example, individuals may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if they are trained to process important body language, their performance may significantly improve.”
语篇解读：最新的研究表明：通过观察别人的眼睛，人们并不能完全读懂他们的心情，但如果通过肢体语言，人们却能更好地了解别人在想什么。
13．What do we know about the first study?
A．The participants were divided into four groups.
B．All participants were given the same pictures to see.
C．It proved that emotions influence people’s body language.
D．Participants could tell the players’ feelings when seeing the full picture.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第四段的“Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body”可知D项正确。
14．What did Dr Aviezer think of the results of the study?
A．Ridiculous. B．Useless.
C．Unrealistic. D．Helpful.
解析：选D 推理判断题。从最后一段的“The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.”可知，Dr Aviezer认为这些结果在某个方面对其他研究有一定的帮助。
15．Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?
A．Body rather than eyes is the window of the soul.
B．Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.
C．Researchers link emotions to body language through software.
D．Two studies focus on the link between body language and emotions.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。最新的研究表明：通过观察别人的眼睛，人们并不能完全读懂他们的心情，但如果通过肢体语言，人们却更加清晰地知道别人在想什么。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? It’s a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are some basic tips to avoid that infamous essay：
● Don’t write the “safe” essay.
__16__ It could be something that others have also experienced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out.
● Avoid the generic and get specific.
Never write that you’re “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. __17__ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you copy from the Internet.
●__18__
There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that information on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office.
● Don’t talk about rankings.
Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flattering (讨好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aware of their rankings. __19__
● Don’t complain.
If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Don’t point fingers. __20__ A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across.
A．It’s important to show patience and determination.
B．This applies to all types of essays.
C．Don’t forget about the activity list.
D．Pick a topic that only you can write about.
E．They just want to know why you want to attend.
F．Don’t repeat information that is elsewhere in your application.
G．Tell the reader what you’ve done, how you’ve been influenced, and by whom.
答案：16～20 DGFEA
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
A crowd gathered recently to hear a popular jazz band. The music was good, and the 21 were very talented. But everyone had come to see one player 22 ， the 9-year-old boy, Jose Andre Montano.
Why were so many music-lovers interested in 23 this young man perform? It is because he is a jazz 24 ， and he is blind.
Jose’s life began in Totora, Bolivia, 25 he was born blind. Yet 26 his lack of sight, the boy began playing the drums at the age of four. He showed a(n) 27 ability, and before long, he was playing the 28 ， too. By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏). His parents, along with everyone else, are 29 surprised by his wonderful talent. “I didn’t know 30 before; he got me into it，” said his father, Roberto. “I don’t know how to explain how it 31 . It’s like jazz was 32 inside him.”
Many professional musicians are equally 33 and welcome the chance to 34 with Jose. They have noticed his deep understanding of this unique form of music. Singer Vero Perez says the exceptional thing about Jose isn’t his age or even his __35__. According to Perez, “He shows other musicians how jazz music really is to be played.”
As Jose’s fame __36__， he has more chances to tour and perform. He has traveled throughout Bolivia and into Brazil and Peru.
When Jose is at home with his family, he is a __37__ little boy. He goes to school and does his homework. __38__ when he begins playing the piano or drums, his musical genius becomes obvious. Jose has proved that nothing will keep him from doing what he loves best. His positive __39__ towards life encourages others to look past their own obstacles and __40__ their dreams.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个九岁的小男孩，先天失明，却拥有非凡的音乐天赋。他对爵士乐的理解甚至超过了专业音乐家的水平。他积极乐观的人生态度也鼓舞着人们去追求自己的梦想。
21．A.singers B．actors
C．musicians D．dancers
解析：选C 根据文章第一句中“a popular jazz band(流行爵士乐队)”可知，此处指音乐很棒，这些乐队成员也都很有才能。故选C项，意为“音乐家”。
22．A.in person B．in particular
C．by mistake D．by chance
解析：选B 根据句中“But”和“one player”可知，此处指尽管乐队成员都很优秀，但大家都尤其是来看Jose Andre Montano表演的。故选B项，意为“特别，尤其”。
23．A.celebrating B．encouraging
C．noticing D．watching
解析：选D 根据句中“perform”可知，人们是来观看Jose Andre Montano的演出的。故选D项，watch sb. do sth.意为“看某人做某事”。
24．A.genius B．fool
C．inventor D．conductor
解析：选A 根据下一段第二句中“the boy began playing the drums at the age of four”，该段第四句“By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏)．”和该段第五句中“surprised by his wonderful talent”可知，Jose Andre Montano是个爵士天才。故选A项，意为“天才”。
25．A.what B．where
C．when D．which
解析：选B 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词“Totora”在从句中作地点状语，意为“在这里”。故选B项。
26．A.through B．for
C．although D．despite
解析：选D 根据空格后的“his lack of sight”可知，空格处应用介词；分析本句句意可知，逗号前后之间是让步关系。D项是介词，意为“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。
27．A.amusing B．frightening
C．amazing D．interesting
解析：选C 结合上文内容和常识可知，一个先天失明的孩子，四岁就开始击鼓。这是一种令人惊叹的才能。故选C项，意为“令人惊叹的”。
28．A.drum B．computer
C．song D．piano
解析：选D 根据上文可知，Jose Andre Montano是个音乐天才，再由第六段中“he begins playing the piano”可知，本句指不久后他开始弹钢琴。故选D项，意为“钢琴”。
29．A.continuously B．normally
C．strangely D．suddenly
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，Jose Andre Montano一直在展现他的音乐天赋。由此可知，此处指他的父母和其他人不断地为他的音乐天赋感到惊讶。故选A项，意为“连续不断地”。
30．A.rock B．folk
C．jazz D．blues
解析：选C 根据本段最后一句“It’s like jazz was ________ inside him.”可知，此处指Jose的父亲原来不懂爵士乐，是Jose让他喜欢上了这种音乐。故选C项。
31．A.came about B．came back
C．turned up D．turned off
解析：选A 本句中“it”指Jose Andre Montano从小就具有音乐天赋这件事。故此处应指Jose的父亲不知道Jose 的音乐天赋是怎么产生的，因为他自己原来不懂爵士乐。故选A项，意为“发生，产生”。
32．A.only B．already
C．never D．hardly
解析：选B 根据上句可知，父亲不知道Jose的音乐天赋是如何产生的。再结合空格后“inside him”可知，此处指那好像是与生俱来的(早已在他体内)。故选B项，意为“已经”。
33．A.depressed B．confused
C．impressed D．worried
解析：选C 根据句中“equally”可知，不光是听众对 Jose Andre Montano的爵士乐天赋惊叹不已，许多专业的音乐家也被打动了。故选C项，意为“留下深刻印象的，被打动的”。
34．A.live B．chat
C．fight D．perform
解析：选D 根据“musicians”和“welcome the chance”可知，这些专业的音乐家也乐意接受和Jose Andre Montano一起表演的机会。故选D项，意为“表演”。
35．A.carelessness B．blindness
C．deafness D．loneliness
解析：选B 根据第二段第二句中“and he is blind”可知，答案为B项，意为“失明”。
36．A.promises B．appears
C．lifts D．spreads
解析：选D 根据句中“he has more chances to tour and perform”可知，由于Jose Andre Montano的名声传播开来，他得到的巡演机会越来越多。故选D项，意为“传播，散布”。
37．A.lazy B．happy
C．normal D．funny
解析：选C 根据下一句“He goes to school and does his homework.”可知，当在家里与家人共处时，Jose Andre Montano和别的孩子一样上学、做作业，是一个正常的小男孩。C项意为“正常的”，符合句意。
38．A.But B．So
C．Because D．Since
解析：选A 根据语境可知，但是当他开始弹钢琴或击鼓时，他与众不同的音乐天赋就展现出来了。本句与上句“他像正常小孩一样上学、做作业”之间是转折关系，故选A项。
39．A.success B．attitude
C．dream D．performance
解析：选B 根据语境可知，尽管Jose Andre Montano先天失明，但他却没有因此放弃自己最热爱的事。这种乐观的态度鼓舞了别人。故选B项，意为“态度”，常与介词to/towards连用。
40．A.reach for B．call for
C．ask for D．send for
解析：选A Jose Andre Montano对生活的乐观态度鼓舞人们克服困难，努力去追求梦想。A项意为“伸手去够，努力争取”，符合句意。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few __41__ (century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a __42__ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but __43__ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will __44__ (lay) down to move electricity around.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in __45__ West. This is not an argument against __46__ (build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of __47__， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily __48__ we can now.
So balance will have to __49__ (make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be __50__ (careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。对比高速公路、铁路的建设对美国西部的影响，作者探讨了可替代能源建设将对该地区产生的影响，建议建设中要谨慎。
41．centuries 考查名词的数。空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries。
42．lasting 考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知，空格处作定语，修饰名词。故用last的形容词形式lasting。
43．in 考查介词。in the ways为固定搭配，意为“以这些方式”，符合语境。故填in。
44．be laid 考查动词的语态。因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词之间为被动关系。故填be laid。
45．the 考查冠词。the West为专有名词，意为“西部，西方”。故填定冠词the。
46．building 考查非谓语动词。空格前的“against”为介词，介词后应接名词、动名词或代词。故用build的动名词形式building。
47．it 考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”，作介词of的宾语。故用it。
48．than 考查比较级结构。根据该句中的“far more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，空格处填比较级标志词than。far more than为固定搭配，意为“远超过……”，符合语境。
49．be made 考查动词的语态。该句主语为“balance”，和动词“make”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知，空格处应用be动词的原形。故填be made。
50．carefully 考查词性转换。分析该句结构可知，空格处修饰动词“moved”，应用副词。故填careful的副词形式carefully。
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.
答案：第一句：passenger→passengers; because后加of
第二句：trapping→trapped; is→was
第三句：去掉to
第四句：that→what
第五句：open→opening
第六句：but→and
第七句：their→his
第八句：thankfully→thankful
Ⅵ.书面表达(共1题；满分25分)
如今，随着智能手机和电子设备的普及，“低头族”现象兴起，人们沉溺于手机等电子设备，因而忽略了自己和他人的沟通交流，甚至在家庭聚餐中也只顾玩手机而不和长辈聊天，老人感到失落万分。请根据下图写一篇英语短文。
内容要点如下：
1．描述图画内容；
2．对图中现象加以分析；
3．针对这个现象提出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
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参考范文：
As can be seen from the picture, a big family get together to have a splendid dinner. But when they sit down to table, the young just bury themselves in playing with their cellphones, tablet PCs and other electronic devices, totally ignoring their parents, who feel very lonely and sad.
There is no doubt that cellphones have a negative effect on our lives. Heavy use of cellphones actually widens the distance between teenagers and their elders, leaving the elders more lonely. Worse still, addiction to cellphones might also lead to teenagers’ poor performance at school, which adds to elders’ worries. As far as I’m concerned, it’s necessary to limit the time we spend using cellphones. And I think it important to communicate with our family members face to face, which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere.