Unit 1 Nothing ventured单元学业水平达标(解析版）

Unit 1 Nothing ventured单元学业水平达标
【说明】　本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Researchers believe that the insect is better at managing congestion (拥挤) than humans.Ants are the most numerous type of animal on Earth with brains that contain about 250,000 cells — the largest among insects.
Now collective intelligence expert Dr.Dirk Helbing says understanding more about ants could help solve one of the headaches of modern life — road congestion.
His team set up an “ant motorway” with two routes of different widths from the nest to some sugar syrup (糖浆). Soon the narrower route became congested. But when an ant returning along the congested route to the nest collided with another ant just starting out, the returning ant pushed the newcomer onto the other path. However, if the returning ant had enjoyed a trouble-free journey it did not redirect the newcomer.
The result was that just before the shortest route became clogged the ants were diverted (转移) to another route and traffic jams never formed.
The researchers also created a computer model of more complex ant networks with routes of different lengths. The team found that even though ants being rerouted sometimes took a longer route, they still got to the food quickly and efficiently.
Dr.Helbing, of the Dresden University of Technology in Germany, said that while you cannot allow cars to collide with vehicles coming in the opposite direction as a form of traffic control, you could do the next best thing and allow them to communicate.
His plan is to force cars traveling in one direction to tell oncoming vehicles what traffic conditions they are about to encounter — so they can take evasive (回避的) action if necessary.
1．The first paragraph implies that________.
A．ants are clever and good at dealing with traffic jams because of developed brain fun_ction
B．ants have a special way to manage congestion
C．insects are similar to animals in dealing with traffic jams because of developed brain fun_ction
D．insects have more advantages than humans
解析：选A　在昆虫中蚂蚁大脑的细胞最多，所以比较聪明，擅长处理交通问题。
2．The underlined word “clogged” can be replaced by ________ in the following four words.
A．cleaned　　　　　　　　 　B．crowded
C．narrowed D．shortened
解析：选B　语境为：在最近的路线变得拥堵之前，蚂蚁就转向了另外一条路线，如此，“交通堵塞”永远不会出现。由此可知画线词为“拥挤”之意。
3．If an ant returns along the crowded route to the nest, how will the ant solve the traffic problem?
A．The ant will change the direction of its own.
B．The ant will stop the newcomer from moving ahead and force the newcomer to wait here patiently.
C．The ant can’t redirect the newcomer.
D．The ant will push the newcomer to the other route, so traffic jams won’t form.
解析：选D　由第三段的第三句话可知答案。
4．What’s the advice that Dr.Helbing gives us?
A．The cars cannot be allowed to communicate with vehicles coming in the opposite direction.
B．The cars can communicate with vehicles in the same direction.
C．The cars travel in one direction and tell oncoming vehicles about the traffic conditions.
D．We should build more routes of different lengths and widths.
解析：选C　由最后一段可知答案。
B
How can a parent help to foster healthy self-esteem in a child? Here are some tips that can make a big difference：
Watch what you say. Children are very sensitive to parents’ words. Remember to praise your child not only for a job well done, but also for effort.But be truthful. For example, if your child doesn’t make the soccer team, avoid saying something like, “Well, next time you’ll work harder and make it.” Instead, say something like “Well you didn’t make the team, but I’m really proud of the effort you put into it.”
Be a positive role model. If you are excessively harsh (严酷的) on yourself, pessimistic, or unrealistic about your abilities and limitations. Your child may eventually mirror you. Raise your own self-esteem, and your child will have a great role model.
Identify and redirect your child’s inaccurate beliefs. It’s important for parents to identify kids’ irrational beliefs about themselves, whether they are about perfection, attractiveness, ability, or anything else. Helping your child set more accurate standards and be more realistic in evaluating himself or herself will help your child have a more healthy self-concept. For example, a child who does very well in school but struggles with math may say, “I can’t do math. I’m a bad student.” Not only is this a false generalization, but it’s also a belief that will set your child up for failure. Encourage your child to see the situation in its true light. A helpful response might be：“You are a good student. You do well in school. Math is just a subject that you need to spend more time on. We’ll work on it together.”
Help your child become involved in constructive experiences. Activities that encourage cooperation rather than competition are especially helpful in fostering self-esteem. For example, mentoring (辅导的) programs in which an older child helps a younger one learn to read can do wonders for both children.
5．The passage mainly gives advice on________.
A．how to set up a good parent-child relation
B．how to raise your child’s self-esteem
C．how to make a difference to your child’s life
D．how to help your child set up healthy self-esteem
解析：选D　主旨大意题。综观全文，特别是从文章第一段可知，本文介绍的是应该怎样培养孩子健康的自尊心而不是提高孩子的自尊心。因此不选B。
6．According to the passage, you can praise your child________.
A．only when he succeeds
B．if he has tried his best
C．whether he succeeds or fails
D．for his effort instead of good outcome
解析：选B　细节理解题。文章第一部分介绍表扬孩子不仅因为他做得好，还要表扬他付出的努力。
7．In order to set a good role model, a parent should be________.
A．very strict with himself or herself
B．confident of his or her own ability
C．optimistic and realistic
D．blind to his or her limitation
解析：选C　推理判断题。从文章第二部分判断，父母如果太严酷，太悲观以及不切实际都会对孩子造成不良影响。
8．The underlined word “irrational” in part three probably means “________”．
A．unreasonable　　　　　 　B．unclear
C．doubtful D．practical
解析：选A　词义猜测题。从单词所在句后面的句子“要帮助孩子树立正确的标准，要让他/她对自己有现实的评价”可推出，单词的意思与后文表达的意思相反，因此单词的意思是“不合理的”。
C
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it. Then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness or, loneliness or regret or anger or fear.
These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
9．From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A．everybody has problems
B．we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life
C．life is difficult because our problems bring us pain
D．people like to complain about their problems
解析：选B　推理判断题。文章告诉了人们这样一个道理：生活是艰难的，但艰难的生活是有意义的。
10．The main idea of paragraph three is that ________.
A．most people feel life is easy
B．the writer feels life is easy
C．the writer likes to complain about his problems
D．most people complain about how hard their lives are
解析：选D　主旨大意题。从第三段的第一句和第二句话得出答案：人们经常抱怨生活的艰辛。
11．The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggest that ________.
A．we do not learn from experience
B．we do not learn when we are pain
C．pain teaches us important lessons
D．pain cannot be avoided
解析：选C　细节理解题。从文中的“It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn”一句话可以得出答案。
12．What kind of feeling is not caused by problems?
A．Sadness and fear.
B．Loneliness and anger.
C．Regret and pain.
D．Other problems and joy.
解析：选D　细节理解题。由第四段可知，问题可以带给人们sadness，loneliness，regret，anger或fear以及pain，但却不会给人们带来快乐。
D
(新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//cam-bridgesciencefestival. org.
语篇解读：本文介绍了剑桥科学节好奇心挑战活动的相关信息。
13．Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A．School students.
B．Cambridge locals.
C．CSF winners.
D．MIT artists.
解析：选A　细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句“The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to ...”可知，该项目是让学生来参赛的。
14．When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A．On February 8th.
B．On March 10th.
C．On March 15th.
D．On April 21st.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的前两句可知，4月21日将举行一个颁奖活动，为获奖者颁奖。
15．What type of writing is this text?
A．An exhibition guide.
B．An art show review.
C．An announcement.
D．An official report.
解析：选C　主旨大意题。本文介绍了剑桥科学节好奇心挑战活动的目的、参赛者的情况、颁奖的时间、提交作品的日期等，由此可判断本文是一则通知。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn’t mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or the other, you’ll have to stand up and say — problem, I don’t want you in my life.
__16__ Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children — the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes, colors and feelings.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk about your problems. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. __17__ Talking helps you move on and let go.
Write your problems. __18__ When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.
Don’t lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family ... you should still have faith. __19__
Your problems aren’t the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.__20__ Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem，however big or small, always has a way out.
A. But the truth is that when you talk about it, you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
B．When we have a pressing, critical, urgent, and life-threatening problem, how do we try to solve it?
C．Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why can’t I?
D．Of course, we’ve been fighting troubles ever since we were born.
E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
F．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.
G．With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.
答案：16～20　DAFGC
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
I remember a very special doctor named William R．Vincent. When I was eight years old I was with a(n) __21__ heart problem and I needed heart operation. My mom did not have the __22__ to have it done, but without the operation I __23__ not live to be 13 years old. After __24__ in touch with several organizations, Dr Vincent was __25__ to get financial (金融的) help for me.
Dr Vincent was very __26__ and caring. I remember when I was in the hospital for a __27__ before operation, I was crying loudly. So the medical workers __28__ Dr Vincent to calm me down, and he was able to __29__ me when no one else could. __30__ the time came for me to have heart operation; there was a fifty-percent chance that I would not make it through the operation. __31__ I was only the second or third person to have it.I was really __32__， and again Dr Vincent reassured me he would see to it that __33__ would be all right.
Fortunately, the operation was __34__ painful but very successful. Dr Vincent came to see me and __35__ me a lovely animal. I was so surprised to get this __36__ from Dr Vincent; I gave him a hug. I had a wonderful doctor who __37__ the time to help a scared little girl who felt all __38__. This was 28 years ago, but wherever Dr Vincent are, I want to thank him for not only __39__ my life, but helping me live a(n) __40__ productive life.
21．A.serious　　　　　 　B．deadly
C．heavy D．strange
解析：选A　从下文中“I needed heart operation”的情况看，这里是“serious heart problem”。其中deadly“致命的”；heavy“沉重的”；strange“奇怪的”，这些意思均不符合题意。
22．A.will B．patience
C．money D．energy
解析：选C　根据下文中“get financial help”可以知道，这里指妈妈没有钱，而不是没有“毅力、耐心或精力”。
23．A.should B．would
C．shall D．must
解析：选B　此处是过去将来时态的情景。本句的意思是“不做手术就会活不到13岁”。should和shall“应该”；must“必须”，都不符合上下文的意思。
24．A.keeping B．losing
C．holding D．getting
解析：选D　结合本句后面的“several organizations”和“get financial help”，这里是指“和几个组织取得联系之后”，get in touch with“和……取得联系”符合题意。
25．A.able B．ready
C．eager D．happy
解析：选A　此处说明Dr Vincent具备这种能力。be able to do sth.意思是“能够做某事”；be ready to do sth.“准备做某事”；be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”；be happy to do sth.“高兴做某事”。根据它们的意思，A项符合这里的情景。
26．A.quiet B．rich
C．honest D．gentle
解析：选D　结合下文Dr Vincent对“我”的言行举止来看，Dr Vincent是一位“温文尔雅、善良而且有耐心的”人，所以用gentle来形容他很恰当。
27．A.check B．research
C．test D．watch
解析：选C　根据“before operation”可知，此处是指做手术之前“test”。check“检查，核实”；research“研究”；watch“观看”；test“检验，测试”，侧重于通过一定的技术、仪器等手段。
28．A.called on B．called at
C．called up D．called in
解析：选D　从上文中的“I was crying”到下文中的“Dr Vincent to calm me down”可知，“我”哭的时候Dr Vincent并不在场，所以这时是“call in”。call on指“拜访某人”；call at指“拜访某地”；call up有“打电话”的意思；call in在此处的意思是“请进来”。
29．A.prevent B．comfort
C．protect D．move
解析：选B　上文中的“...to calm me down”是重要的解题线索；所以选comfort(安慰)；而prevent“阻止”；protect“保护”；move“移动”，这些均和上下文的意思不符。
30．A.Later B．However
C．Instead D．Luckily
解析：选A　联系上文中的“have a test”可知，“后来”(later)才到了做手术的时间。这四个词都是副词，later“后来”；luckily“幸运地”；instead“代替”；however“然而”，表示转折。根据上下文的逻辑关系及意义，这里指“后来”。
31．A.At times B．In time
C．At the time D．In no time
解析：选C　at times“有时候”；in time“及时地”；at the time“那时候”；in no time“马上”。根据上下文语境，“我”在那时是“the second or third person to have it”。
32．A.surprised B．frightened
C．satisfied D．delighted
解析：选B　根据本段中的“I was crying”以及“I was only the second or third person to have it.”等内容都可以看出“我”是害怕的(frightened)。
33．A.nothing B．anything
C．something D．everything
解析：选D　根据本句中的“Dr Vincent reassured me he would see to it that ... ”，是想说明一切(everything)都会好的。其他选项和此处的语境不一致。
34．A.extremely B．specially
C．fairly D．hardly
解析：选A　根据后面“...but very successful”所表示出的逻辑关系，说明手术是“十分”(extremely)痛苦地。
35．A.took B．carried
C．brought D．held
解析：选C　从上文能够推测出，这里是指Dr Vincent给我“带来”(bring)一个可爱的小动物。take强调“拿走”；carry侧重“携带”；hold“拿着”。
36．A.thing B．award
C．support D．gift
解析：选D　联系上文中的“brought me a lovely animal”，和下文中的“I gave him a hug”可以选出正确选项。
37．A.made B．took
C．lost D．wasted
解析：选B　根据后面的“the time”知道，这里指“花费”(take)时间；A、C和D项均不符合题意。
38．A.alone B．strange
C．comfortable D．sick
解析：选A　根据上文中的“a scared little girl”，说明这里作者手术后没人陪伴，其感觉是“孤单的”(alone)。
39．A.giving B．saving
C．sending D．passing
解析：选B　结合“This was 28 years ago”说明这位医生当年“拯救”了作者的性命；save one’s life是“救了某人的命”。此处描述了作者的感受，也是全文的一个总结。
40．A.common B．usual
C．normal D．ordinary
解析：选C　这里是指过正常的(normal)生活。common“常见的”；usual“通常的”；normal“正常的”；ordinary“普通的”。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Last summer, my friend and I hired a car and headed for Toronto. We didn’t book a hotel room as it was at the beginning of September and we thought it would be easy for us __41__ (find) a hotel.
We __42__ (drive) for five hours when the weather changed and it looked like a thunderstorm was coming. We got lost and both were exhausted __43__ I saw an old lady parking her car. I stopped and asked if she knew a hotel nearby. She said there was a hotel down the road, __44__ it would have been closed. The __45__ (love) old lady looked at me — I must have had a really anxious look on my face, and said, “Why don’t you girls just stay the night at __46__ house? I’ll cook for you.”
We ended up going to __47__ little island in Lake Muskoka, where her husband was just working on his boat. We slept in the comfortable beds they built __48__ their kids and grandchildren, and they cooked for us. We stayed at their house for three nights __49__ all and also met their friends. Those days were the __50__ (good) part of our three-week trip! We were glad that we got lost and met the old lady.
答案：41.to find　42.had been driving　43.when　44.but　45.lovely　46.my　47.a　48.for　49.in
50．best
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
My uncle was the biology professor. When I was young he was used to take me to the biology lab, when I saw pigs, cats and other animals. My uncle also influenced me through nature walks. He often takes me for a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs and snake, and find fireflies in the sky. He seemed know everything about wildlife. Eighteen years later, think about my uncle and her influence on my life, I feel very lucky. I am grateful that I got the chance to learn for him. He helped me develop my interest in all that was alive and sometimes death around me.
答案：第一句：the→a
第二句：去掉was; when→where
第四句：takes→took
第五句：snake→snakes
第六句：know前加to
第七句：think→thinking; her→his
第八句：for→from
第九句：death→dead
Ⅵ.书面表达(共1题；满分25分)
假定你是李华，得知一所英语学校招聘助教，帮助外教组织教学。请你用英语给该校写一封邮件应聘。内容主要包括：
1．口语能力；
2．组织能力；
3．沟通能力。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’ve learned a teaching assistant for foreign teachers is wanted in your school.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I’ve learned a teaching assistant for foreign teachers is wanted in your school. I’m writing to apply for the job.
First of all, having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate freely with others in English. What’s more, years of experience of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, which will help me a lot to keep the class in order. The most important factor is that I love kids, and I’m confident that my patience and care will undoubtedly win their trust.
All in all, I think my enthusiasm and full sense of responsibility will make me a qualified teaching assistant. I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua