Unit 3 Fairness for all单元能力素养提升(解析版）

Unit 3 Fairness for all单元能力素养提升
【说明】　本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have_a_nice_day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
语篇解读：本文主要探讨了人们见面时的常用语“Have a nice day”的社会意义。通过简单的一句“Have a nice day”，人们可以为彼此带来欢乐，这也已经成为一种社会习惯。
1．How does the author understand Maxie’s words?
A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day.
C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D．Maxie really worries about the author’s security.
解析：选B　细节理解题。由文章第一段的第二句可知Maxie在祝愿作者一天开心。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The salesgirl is rude.
B．The salesgirl is bored.
C．The salesgirl cares about me.
D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段中“The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure.”一句可知女销售员说“Have a nice day”是一种形式。
3．By saying “Have a nice day”， a stranger may ________.
A．try to be polite to you
B．express respect to you
C．give his blessing to you
D．share his pleasure with you
解析：选A　推理判断题。由第四段中“someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you”可知陌生人是在尽量礼貌地对待你。
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B．Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C．Have a Nice Day — a Heart-warming Greeting
D．Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：选A　标题归纳题。通览全文及结合文章最后一段的第一句中“Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times”，可知简单的一句“Have a nice day”已经成为一种交际习惯。
B
“Friendly doctors are bad for their patients’ health，” researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like.
Blurring (使……变得模糊不清) the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects.
“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook, and they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names，” regulators have warned. “Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.”
It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists (肿瘤学家) under the age of 40, finding 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they like. Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients, it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a person’s care.
Lesley Fallowfield of Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master the means of dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life-threatening disease, conveying the true prognosis (预断), discussing the complexity of modern treatments, and explaining the unavailability of some drugs, the side effects of treatments, and likely treatment aims.”
But she also said, “Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of ’the Internet world’ are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients.”
She said，“The difficulty, if you hug and kiss patients, if you allow them to call you by your first name, is that quickly the relationship can become confusing as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused, ’I really like these people, how can I bear to tell them that they’re going to die？’ They find it more difficult to be objective.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，医生的态度友善反而对患者的治疗不利，因此医生和患者之间需要保持适当的距离。
5．Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients’ health?
A．Because they don’t like to cheat patients.
B．Because they are not good at treating patients.
C．Because they find it not easy to be objective to the patients.
D．Because they seldom blur the relationship with patients.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like”及最后一段中的“They find it more difficult to be objective.”可知，三分之二的年轻医生很难对他们喜欢的病人讲实话，他们很难客观地对待病人，这样对患者的治疗不利，故选C项。
6．What should doctors do according to the regulators?
A．Add patients as friends on Facebook.
B．Have a close connection with patients in life.
C．Always be cold to patients.
D．Keep patients at a proper distance.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章的第三段可知，医生应该避免在脸谱网上添加患者为朋友，他们也不应该拥抱病人或让病人直呼他们的名字，即医生应该和病人保持适当的距离，故选D项。
7．Young oncologists will face the following challenges EXCEPT ________.
A．dealing with a lot of life-threatening diseases
B．discussing difficulties of treatments with patients
C．explaining the unavailability of some medicines
D．informing patients of the possible results of the treatments
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Young oncologists have to master ... and likely treatment aims.”可知，B、C、D三项表述正确；年轻的肿瘤学家需要掌握如何对待面临生命威胁的焦虑病人，A项“处理很多威胁生命的疾病”表述错误。故选A项。
8．Which opinion will Lesley Fallowfield agree with?
A．Oncology is a rewarding profession without challenges.
B．The Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries.
C．It’s not the doctors’ duty to deal with patients’ anxiety.
D．Becoming friends with patients will help them recover soon.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Those doctors who have entered ... boundaries with patients.”可推知，网络使得医生更容易模糊与病人之间的职业分界线，故选B项。
C
Tina Rees, 50
English teacher (Canadian)
I wanted to be a doctor and help people. I was always playing doctor with dolls, wrapping their arms and legs in tissues! My mom was a nurse, and my two sisters are now nurses, but I went into finance. The educational requirements to be a doctor are too much for me now, but I feel I’m helping people and contributing to society as a teacher.
John Podeszwa, 45
English school owner (American)
I’ve always loved animals, and as a little boy I first wanted to be a frog, then a chimp. When told I had to be something human, I chose zookeeper. I worked at a zoo in high school, but I wouldn’t want to do that job now, although I am fulfilling my dream of helping rescued animals, since I own a honey bear, an albino snake (患白化病的蛇), a dog and some cats!
Miwa Gilligan, 48
Part-time worker (Japanese)
As a little girl I wanted to be many things, and when my grandmother suggested that as an actress I could play various roles, that stuck with me. The Takarazuka Revue (宝冢歌剧团) was popular during my childhood, so that also inspired me. Of course I would still like to become an actress.
Hiromitsu Tokunaga, 55
Sewage worker (Japanese)
My dream job both as a child and now is to be an astronaut. I grew up during the “Space Race” era and remember well the first moon landing, the famous sci-fi movie 2001, and all the rest. I still have a strong dream of going into space, and in my lifetime hope to see regular affordable space tours for people like me!
语篇解读：本文是一篇告白类的记叙文。四个人分别讲述了自己儿时的梦想职业、工作的现状以及对未来的憧憬。
9．We know from the text that ________.
A．Tina Rees is satisfied with her present job
B．Tina Rees once received medical education
C．Tina’s two sisters do the same job as their mother does
D．their mother’s preference to Tina’s sisters disappointed Tina
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Tina Rees部分中的“I feel I’m helping people and contributing to society as a teacher”可知，她对于自己目前老师的工作很满意。四个选项中C项最具有干扰性，但根据“My mom was a nurse, and my two sisters are now nurses”可知，Tina Rees的母亲曾经是名护士，而她的两个姐妹现在是护士，故排除C项。故A项正确。
10．Who would still like to do their childhood dream jobs if they could?
A．Miwa Gilligan and Tina Rees.
B．Tina Rees and John Podeszwa.
C．John Podeszwa and Hiromitsu Tokunaga.
D．Hiromitsu Tokunaga and Miwa Gilligan.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据Miwa Gilligan部分可知，孩提时梦想当演员，她现在依然乐意当演员；根据Hiromitsu Tokunaga部分可知，从儿时到现在，他依然乐意做宇航员。故D项正确。
11．What can we infer from the text?
A．People like Hiromitsu Tokunaga can go on regular affordable space tours.
B．In John Podeszwa’s school, students are encouraged to help rescued animals.
C．At least two of the people were influenced by others in their dream job choice.
D．The requirements didn’t stop Tina Rees from realizing her doctor dream.
解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，在选择梦想的职业时，Tina Rees受母亲和两个姐妹的影响，Miwa Gilligan受祖母的影响，Hiromitsu Tokunaga受生活的时代、人类首次登上月球等的影响。故C项正确。
12．Which would be the best title for the text?
A．Children from Different Countries Share Dreams
B．What Was Your Dream Job as a Child?
C．How Was Your Dream Realized?
D．Children Have Different Dream Jobs
解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，整篇文章介绍了四个人回忆儿时的梦想职业分别是什么、目前的职业以及对未来的憧憬。
D
A former RAF (Royal Air Force) Spitfire pilot Peter Proctor, who fought in the World War Two, parachuted (跳伞) for the first time — at the grand old age of 92. Mr. Proctor jumped out of a plane for the first time at Sibson Airfield, Peterborough, more than 70 years after he joined the RAF.
Mr. Proctor, who has two artificial hips (臀部) and a false knee, jumped more than 13,000 feet to successfully complete his first ever freefall jump.He said, “I’ve spent a lot of my life up in the air but this was a completely different experience. It was a nightmare trying to open up the hatches (舱口) and jump out of the plane back then, but I am so glad I have managed to complete the jump and I would love to do it again in the near future.”
Mr. Proctor joined the RAF in 1942 and he was stationed in Durban, South Africa, to do his training before being sent to Zimbabwe where he earned his wings. He went on to become a fighter pilot in Egypt, India and went on a jungle self-preservation course before being sent to Burma in 1945. He ended his career in the armed forces in 1946 to return to his job as a store keeper in a shoe factory and went on to become a lorry driver for 33 years.
His wife, Olive, passed away eight years ago, but Mr. Proctor has been determined to continue traveling around the world. He said, “Olive died eight years ago and it was absolutely upsetting. But I’ve had great support from my family and friends who always encourage me to enjoy life.”
Mr. Proctor did the jump with the RAF Falcons and raised D|S3,000 for the Royal Air Force Association which provides support for servicemen and their families.
语篇解读：Peter Proctor曾经是一个战斗机飞行员，而如今，92岁高龄的他第一次从13 000多英尺的高度腾空而下，完成了生命中第一次跳伞。
13．How long did Mr. Proctor serve in RAF?
A．About 3 years.　　　 　B．About 4 years.
C．About 8 years. D．About 33 years.
解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段“Mr. Proctor joined the RAF in 1942”和“He ended his career in the armed forces in 1946”可知Mr. Proctor在RAF待了大约4年的时间。
14．What’s the purpose of Mr. Proctor’s jump?
A．To break the record of a parachute jump.
B．To encourage young people to enjoy life.
C．To raise money for servicemen and their families.
D．To challenge himself and realize his value of life.
解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段的“...and raised D|S3,000 for the Royal Air Force Association which provides support for serviceman and their families.”可知答案。
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A former pilot’s first parachute jump
B．A newly-set Guinness record
C．The oldest parachute jumper
D．A pilot’s colorful whole life
解析：选A　标题归纳题。由文章第一段可知，本篇文章主要讲的是曾经任职飞行员，现今92岁的老人的第一次高空跳伞。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. __16__
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. __17__
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. __18__ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
__19__ Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.
The differences are everywhere. __20__ But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A．Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B．One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C．And these two are well known as the base of the European culture.
D．At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E．This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F．They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G．They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
答案：16～20　EFCDG
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Do you know that body language accounts for over 90% of a conversation? That’s why communicating face to face is always better than a telephone conversation — __21__ if you are trying to sell something!
Your body language will give others a general __22__ of you and it will also show your emotions. It’s very difficult to make your body __23__. It’s easy to tell the difference between a __24__ smile of pleasure and a false smile. So if you understand body language codes (密码), it is usually possible to know what someone really __25__， whatever they may be saying with __26__.
Although much of our body language is universal, a lot is also __27__. Culture codes vary from one country to another and they can __28__ misunderstandings. Even simple gestures may have a completely different meaning in other parts of the world. For example, the circle __29__ made with three raised fingers means “OK” in the United States. But it is not universal. In Brazil, Greece and Germany it is a __30__ gesture showing disrespect and in Japan it means “money”！
In many Asian cultures, it is not appropriate for men and women to touch in public. Therefore, displays of affection such as __31__ hands or kissing are not __32__. In some parts of Asia, __33__， it is common for people of the same sex to hold hands as a sign of __34__.
Greetings vary according to the country and the sex of the people involved. In the west, it is appropriate to shake hands when you __35__ someone for the first time and both men and women can __36__ a handshake. In Indonesia, for example, a man will not offer a handshake to an Indonesian woman __37__ they are in a business situation.
If you want to avoid making __38__ mistakes when you travel to other countries, you should __39__ their basic cultures before you leave. If you do this, you are less likely to __40__ people.
21．A.namely　　　　　　 　B．particularly
C．importantly D．practically
解析：选B　particularly“尤其，特别”。由语境可知，肢体语言在交流中非常重要，因此面对面交流往往比通过电话交流要好，尤其是当你要设法推销东西时。故B项正确。
22．A.imagination B．description
C．expression D．impression
解析：选D　根据下文“it will also show your emotions”可知，肢体语言不仅可以给他人留下总体印象(impression)，还可以传达你的情感。故D项正确。
23．A.lie B．talk
C．act D．conduct
解析：选A　由下文“a false smile”以及“it is usually possible to know what someone really ...”可推知，让肢体撒谎(lie)是件很困难的事情。故A项正确。
24．A.polite B．shy
C．sincere D．ready
解析：选C　sincere“真诚的”。根据句中“between ... and a false smile”可知，空格处应为与“false”词义相反的单词。故C项正确。
25．A.cares B．means
C．shows D．considers
解析：选B　根据语境可知，如果掌握了肢体语言的密码，那么就很有可能知道一个人的真实用意。故B项正确。
26．A.words B．examples
C．feelings D．movements
解析：选A　联系上下文可知，无论他们用言语说什么，你都可以通过肢体语言来了解其真实用意。故A项正确。
27．A.exact B．foreign
C．cultural D．similar
解析：选C　根据下文“Culture codes vary from one country to another”可知，尽管大多数肢体语言都是通用的，但由于国家之间存在着文化(cultural)差异，因此还有许多肢体语言具有文化特色。故C项正确。
28．A.clear up B．cut down
C．refer to D．lead to
解析：选D　clear up“清理”；cut down“削减，砍倒”；refer to“参考，涉及”；lead to“导致”。根据语境可知，文化差异的存在往往会导致误解的产生。故D项正确。
29．A.sign B．mark
C．shape D．figure
解析：选A　根据语境可知，在美国，三根伸出的手指构成的圆圈手势表示赞同。“sign”与“gesture”词义相近。故A项正确。
30．A.helpless B．rude
C．dangerous D．casual
解析：选B　根据句中的“showing disrespect”可知，在巴西、希腊和德国该手势表示粗鲁(rude)。故B项正确。
31．A.shaking B．touching
C．raising D．holding
解析：选D　shake“握手”；touch“接触”；raise“提升”；hold“持有”。句意：异性之间通过手拉手或亲吻来表达爱意是不被接受的。下文的“hold hands”是提示，故D项正确。
32．A.comfortable B．suitable
C．acceptable D．reasonable
解析：选C　根据语境可知，男女之间在公众场合表达爱意，如手拉手或亲吻是不被接受的(acceptable)。故C项正确。
33．A.therefore B．otherwise
C．however D．besides
解析：选C　联系上文可知，在许多亚洲文化中，异性之间在公众场合手拉手或亲吻是不被接受的，然而在亚洲的一些地方，同性之间的这些举动却是很普遍的。两句间构成转折关系。故C项正确。
34．A.friendship B．love
C．admiration D．concern
解析：选A　根据上文“displays of affection”可知，在一些亚洲国家，同性之间用来表达友情的手拉手是很普遍的。故A项正确。
35．A.know B．introduce
C．approach D．meet
解析：选D　根据生活常识可知，人们在初次见面(meet)时往往会握手。故D项正确。
36．A.suggest B．start
C．demand D．follow
解析：选B　根据语境可知，由于初次见面时握手是恰当的，因此男女见面都可以主动握手。start a handshake“主动伸手”，符合语境。
37．A.unless B．until
C．if D．while
解析：选A　由语境可知，在印度尼西亚，除非在生意场合，否则男性不能主动和女性握手。unless“除非”，符合语境。故A项正确。
38．A.surprising B．disappointing
C．embarrassing D．laughing
解析：选C　联系上文中提及的一些肢体语言在不同文化中的不同含义可知，当你去国外旅游时，为了避免出现一些令人尴尬的(embarrassing)错误，应该在出发前了解一些当地的基本文化常识。故C项正确。
39．A.experience B．develop
C．respect D．understand
解析：选D　句意同上。experience“经历”；develop“形成，发展”；respect“尊重”；understand“明白，获悉，理解”。故D项正确。
40．A.worry B．hurt
C．affect D．disturb
解析：选B　根据语境可知，如能事先了解不同国家的文化习俗，就能减小伤害(hurt)他人的可能性。故B项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Many people travel during the holiday season but do not make sure that their houses and homes __41__ (protect). Crime goes up __42__ (rapid) during the winter and summer holiday seasons. Here are some things that you should keep in mind when you go on a holiday.
Always give __43__ (strange) the feeling that you are at home. Have the snow __44__ (clean) off your stairs or out of your driveway during the winter season. You might ask someone to park __45__ car in your driveway.
Tell your newspaper deliverer that you are not at home. __46__ (have) a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps tells people that you are not at home, so you could also have a neighbor __47__ a relative get your mail every day.
Fix a timer in some of your rooms __48__ turns lights on and __49__ during different time of the day. Some TVs also come with a timer that you could set to be turned on during certain time. Have motion (运动) sensitive lights outside your house that __50__ (keep) thieves away when you are not at home.
41．are protected　根据空格前的“travel”和“do not”可知，此处应使用一般现在时；因从句谓语动词protect与主语“their houses and homes”之间构成动宾关系，所以使用被动语态。
42．rapidly　此处为副词作状语，修饰动词短语“goes up”。
43．strangers　此处为give后的直接宾语，因此应用名词，又因此处应为泛指意义，故应用复数名词，所以填strangers。
44．cleaned　此处为have的复合结构，因为clean与the snow之间构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。
45．his/her　因指代前文中的someone，并在此处作car的定语，所以填入形容词性物主代词his或her。
46．Having　此处是用动名词短语“Having a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps”作主语。
47．or　此处表示选择关系，因此填并列连词or。
48．that/which　此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a timer，因关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以可填that或which。
49．off　根据语境及空前的“on and”可知，此处用off，表示关灯。
50．keep　定语从句的先行词为sensitive lights，且定语从句中谓语动词的数应和先行词一致，应用keep。
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
I was not good in math in the first year of junior high school. Having been failed so many times in math exams, I was anxious about the subject. Every time I tried hardly to work out a math problem, I was afraid of making mistakes, that really made me feel helpless. Luckily, I met a nice math teacher in second year. She told me that I didn’t need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mistake. She always encouraged myself to try again whenever I make a mistake. Thanks to my teacher’s encouragement, I became interesting in math and made rapid progress. My experience proves that failure was the mother of success and that we can learn a lot from our mistakes.
答案：第一句：第一个in→at
第二句：去掉been
第三句：hardly→hard; that→which
第四句：second前加the
第五句：mistake→mistakes
第六句：myself→me; make→made
第七句：interesting→interested
第八句：was→is
Ⅵ.书面表达(共1题；满分25分)
假设你是新华中学的高三学生李华，看到很多同学因为学习而忽略了体育锻炼，打算给学校英语报社投稿，鼓励同学们加强体育锻炼，注重身体健康。请按照以下要点，以“Health and Sports”为题写一篇英语短文。
写作要点：1.身体健康的重要性；
2.运动对大家的好处；
3.你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Health and Sports
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参考范文：
Health and Sports
Good health is very important to everyone. A healthy person can always be energetic and enjoy his life. A person who is in poor health cannot work well.
When it comes to keeping healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people. As high school students, we must study hard and take many important exams, which may make many students feel nervous. So it’s necessary to take exercise regularly to help release stress. Physical exercise can help make muscles strong. What’s more, while playing, we get relaxed, which can help us study more efficiently.
Since sports can make us physically and mentally healthy, we should do sports every day no matter how busy we are. Do remember that good health is the best wealth.