Unit 4 Learning effectively单元能力素养提升(解析版）

Unit 4 Learning effectively单元能力素养提升
【说明】　本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
I sat with a friend a few weeks ago as she scrolled through photos of her college freshman daughter on her phone. She asked me, “Doesn’t she look happy? She looks OK, right？” Her daughter had recently had a difficult time, which was now over, but her mother — like all mothers would — still worried, sometimes, that something might be wrong.
For generations of parents, sending children off to college meant knowing little to nothing about how their children were doing. Other than the occasional letter or call from a dorm room phone, children who had left home were mostly unseen and heard from infrequently. College kids could get into all kinds of trouble and their parents would know nothing about it until Christmas vacation or summer break.
Now, of course, that’s not at all how it is. Parents of college students can spend hour upon hour examining photos on Instagram or Facebook of their children. They look for hints of sadness in their eyes, the way their clothes fit, whether they’re really smiling or just sort of smiling.
However, I don’t think it’s necessary. College is a time of intense personal growth. Pain is a necessary lesson for the emotional leap from childhood to adulthood. Mothers shouldn’t be able to see photos in real time that capture their children when they’re at their worst — whether because of too much alcohol or too little happiness.
The blessing of social media is the ability to connect at any time with your child, no matter where he or she may be in the world. Facebook, Instagram and the rest are keeping our helicopters flying long after they should have landed. Maybe it would be better for all of us to be a little less aware of the state of our children’s lives once they leave home. Better for the children, and certainly better for the parents.
1．That friend scrolled through photos on her phone most probably because she ________.
A．was bored and wanted to kill the time
B．wanted to make sure her daughter was alright
C．wanted to help her daughter through the difficulty
D．was sure something was wrong with her daughter
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Her daughter had recently had a difficult time, which was now over, but her mother — like all mothers would — still worried, sometimes, that something might be wrong.”可知，作者的那位朋友是想确认她的女儿是否一切安好。
2．What does Paragraph 2 tell us about parents of college students in the past?
A．They were often worried about their children.
B．They usually let their children do whatever they liked.
C．They were usually too busy to care about their children.
D．They lacked means of knowing about their children’s situation.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“For generations of parents, sending children off to college meant knowing little to nothing about how their children were doing.”以及“...their parents would know nothing about it until Christmas vacation or summer break.”可知，过去的父母缺少了解他们的孩子在大学里情况的途径。
3．What does the writer think of children’s experiencing pain at college?
A．It is helpless.　　 B．It is necessary.
C．It is nonsense. D．It should be prevented.
解析：选B　作者观点题。根据第四段的“Pain is a necessary lesson for the emotional leap from childhood to adulthood.”可知，作者认为大学生在学校里经历伤痛是必要的。
4．The passage is written to show that ________.
A．children don’t really have freedom at college
B．social media make our life much easier than before
C．today’s parents contact their children more frequently
D．parents shouldn’t follow their children at college through social media
解析：选D　作者意图题。根据末段的“Maybe it would be better for all of us to be a little less aware of the state of our children’s lives once they leave home. Better for the children, and certainly better for the parents.”可推断，作者是想通过文章表明，父母不应该实时掌握他们的孩子在大学里的情况。
B
One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers.That morning, my 11-year-old son had stomach pains, retching (干呕) into a bowl.Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain？Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school.For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem.For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is a nightmare (噩梦)．Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering？Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting — and were fun to watch.More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes.Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-competitive event.Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
语篇解读：本文作者对于小学生举行运动会发表了看法，认为运动会对于一部分孩子来说是噩梦，学校应该举行一些竞争力不太强的运动。
5．What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?
A．He talked with some mothers.
B．He comforted his classmates.
C．He had difficulty in sleeping.
D．He suffered from stomachache.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“my 11-year-old son had stomach pains, retching (干呕) into a bowl”可知选D。
6．Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because ________.
A．this is an independent school
B．it is a tradition of the school
C．it helps children lose weight
D．children enjoy watching sports
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“or that it is a tradition of school life”可知选B。
7．What does the author think about team games?
A．They should include more stressful races.
B．They are acceptable to different children.
C．They should be abandoned at primary schools.
D．They are less fun for those who love running.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话可知作者希望学校可以多举办一些团队项目让更多的学生参加，故B对，A不对；作者并没有说要取消团队项目，故C不对；根据第二段第四句话可知，对于喜欢跑步的学生来说运动会不会造成问题，故D不对。
8．What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?
A．Critical.　　　　 　B．Neutral.
C．Positive. D．Ambiguous.
解析：选A　观点态度题。通读全文可知作者并不赞同现在运动会的召开方式，故选A。critical“批判的”；neutral“中立的”；positive“支持的”；ambiguous“不明确的”。
C
Let me introduce myself. I am the last man in America who has time. If you should run into me on the street, I will have time to chat with you. If you invite me for tea, I will seize the opportunity and enjoy a cup. But it seems nobody else has time like me.
When did people become so busy? Sometimes I think it happened when shopping, instead of being a necessity or occasional pleasure, became a form of entertainment. At other times I blame it on the computer, with honorary mention given to “smart” phones, for creating appetites (欲望) that can never be satisfied, no matter how long we stare at the movable feast on the screen, no matter how fast we type with our fingers.
It wasn’t always like this.
Sundays used to be days of rest, with closed stores and empty highways. And then there were the holidays, which were set aside for family time rather than a trip to the mall.
But now, I have grown accustomed to the predictability of the answer when I run into a friend or acquaintance and ask, “How are you？” The answer always is “Busy！”
Recently I spotted an old friend and I called out to him. He stopped to acknowledge me, but I could tell from his body language and the checking of his watch that I had disturbed him. “I see you’re in a hurry” I said.“Why don’t we get together to catch up？”
“I should have a free hour in June，” he said before continuing on his way.
“But this is March！” I remarked.
“Check with me in a few months，” he yelled over his shoulder.“I’m very busy！”
Maybe not getting used to the busy life is my problem, but I agree with what Socrates once said: “Beware (当心) the barrenness (空洞) of a busy life.” Or Robert Frost’s poem: “I Could Give All to Time.” More recently there has been a so-called Slow Movement, which advocates a cultural change toward slowing down life’s pace. I haven’t decided whether to join it or not, because I fear that, like any organization, it would cost me too much time.
In any case, come June I’ll have a friend to catch up with. That is, if he still has the time to see me.
9．The first paragraph of the text is used to ________.
A．provide background information of the topic
B．attract readers’ attention to the topic
C．show readers the value of time
D．introduce the author to readers
解析：选B　写作意图题。作者在第一段说自己“是美国最后一个有时间的人”就是吸引读者的注意，让读者有兴趣读这篇文章。
10．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ________.
A．shopping
B．pleasure
C．the fact that people have so much to do
D．the fact that the author saves lots of time
解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第二段内容可知，作者认为人们变得很忙归咎于两方面的原因：一是人们把购物变成了休闲娱乐的方式；二是电脑，尤其是智能手机令我们产生了永远无法满足的欲望。由此可推测，这里的it是指“人们总是有很多事情做”的忙碌状态。
11．The author shows how busy people are by ________.
A．making assumptions
B．providing an example
C．listing well-known sayings
D．presenting a predictable trend
解析：选B　写作手法题。作者在第六到第九段以自己和朋友之间的一次谈话为例来说明人们现在非常忙。
12．We can infer from the text that the author ________.
A．will be too busy to meet his friend in June
B．is good at computers and smartphones
C．is willing to join the Slow Movement
D．misses the lifestyle of the old days
解析：选D　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段内容可知，作者非常不适应现在忙碌的生活状态，他无比怀念过去的生活方式。
D
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.I urged the elephant deeper into the forest.We sounded like a forest fire — crackling, snapping, trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again — the tell-tale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patchwork (交错) of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes (条纹) look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent.
Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant’s neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts (出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a zoo.After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者详细描述了他到森林中去寻找孟加拉虎并感受森林氛围的经历，作者认为寻找孟加拉虎的过程是最吸引人的。
13．The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________.
A．describing various sounds
B．comparing different animals
C．listing different activities
D．introducing various plants
解析：选A　逻辑结构题。根据第一段中的calls of animals, crackling, snapping, trailblazing, through all the noise came a sharp warning cry, the tell-tale call可知，作者是通过描述不同的声音来开始记载他的森林之旅。
14．What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” in Para.4 most probably mean?
A．To see the diversity.
B．To enjoy the scenery.
C．To feel the atmosphere.
D．To experience the freedom.
解析：选C　句意理解题。根据上下文可知这句话的意思是“这是我第四次感受森林中的这种气氛”。
15．How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A．Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B．It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett.
C．It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D．The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段，特别是最后一句“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.”可推断出，作者去科比特数次之后，感受到寻找孟加拉虎的过程是非常吸引人的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
__16__ You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. __17__ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. __18__ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. __19__ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over worried.
__20__ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B．Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．Maybe you are an average student.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．This will help you understand the next class.
答案：16～20　EBCGA
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
I have two friends who love backpacking. They spent a lot of time in a part of New York State’s Adirondack Mountains. It __21__ 46 mountains with a height of over 4,000 feet. The Adirondack Mountain Club gives __22__ recognition, and an award, to anyone who __23__ all 46 mountains. My two friends decided to go for this award.
Now what you have to understand is that __24__ many of the 46 mountains have well-marked __25__ to their summits (山顶), others are not marked at all. You have to “bushwhack (在丛林中开路)” using a compass and a map.
My friends had climbed 45 of the mountains. They had just one __26__ — it was the most __27__ requiring bushwhacking. A hiking path led past the base of the mountain, but from that point they were on their own.
Early one morning they left their __28__ and walked five miles on the hiking path to the base of a chain of mountains. When they arrived, they __29__ that they had left their compass and map back in camp. Rather than __30__ the camp, they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map.
For hours they __31__ uphill enduring heat, thick bush, and black flies. __32__， late in the afternoon they found themselves at the __33__ of a mountain successfully. They were exhausted but __34__.
The feeling was short-lived, however. When they looked across the valley, they __35__ another higher mountain. They had climbed the __36__ one! It was too __37__ that weekend to put their error right. They had to __38__ another four months to climb the right mountain.
This story __39__ us a good lesson. Often in life we put in a great effort to reach a goal. But without the right “map” and “compass”， it is __40__ to get “lost”．
语篇解读：这篇文章讲述了作者的两位朋友在没有带指南针和地图的情况下爬山，最终却发现爬错了山。这个故事告诉我们，没有正确的引导，再多的努力也是白费力气。
21．A.goes through　　　　　 　 B．consists of
C．relies on D．connects to
解析：选B　考查动词短语。go through“通过，完成，检查”；consist of“由……组成”；rely on“依赖、依靠”；connect to“使……连接” 。通过上文的“New York State’s Adirondack Mountains”可知这是一座山脉，而通过第三段的“My friends had climbed 45 of the mountains.”可知，这座山脉含有46座山。故选B。
22．A.special B．similar
C.normal D．general
解析：选A　考查形容词。 根据上文的“The Adirondack Mountain Club”可知这是一个登山协会，故给予的是特别的认可，故选择A。
23．A.describes B．draws
C．observes D．climbs
解析：选D　考查动词。 根据下文的“all 46 mountains”可知，宾语是山，根据常识，选择D，意为“爬完所有的46座山”。
24．A.while B．since
C.because D．unless
解析：选A　考查连词。前一分句意为46座山中有些有明显的路；后一分句意为还有一些没有路。两个分句之间存在转折关系，故选择A。
25．A.paths B．rivers
C．views D．avenues
解析：选A　考查名词。根据句意可知，此处指的是上山的路，故选择A。
26．A.occupied B．left
C.deserted D．missed
解析：选B　考查动词。根据上文可知，这座山脉一共有46座，而作者的朋友已经爬完45座，故还有一座剩下，所以选择B。
27．A.interesting B．changeable
C．reachable D．remote
解析：选D　考查形容词。interesting“有意思的”；changeable“易变的”；reachable“可达成的”；remote“偏远的”。此处所需的形容词是修饰山的，而且下文告诉我们这座山并没有现成的上山的路，故选择D最符合语意，指这座山最为偏远、最难爬。
28．A.house B．room
C.camp D．yard
解析：选C　考查名词。根据常识可知，爬山需要在山脚露营，故此处选择C，意为“一天早晨他们很早就离开营地”。
29．A.ignored B．discovered
C．sensed D．explained
解析：选B　考查动词。根据下文“they had left their compass and map back in camp”可知，他们把指南针和地图落在营地，这应该是发现的问题，故选择B。
30．A.departing from B．traveling to
C．returning to D．going for
解析：选C　考查动词短语。depart from“离开”；travel to“朝某方向旅行”；return to“返回，回到”；go for“适用于”。根据下文的“they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map”可知，他们继续前行，故他们并没有返回营地，故选择C。
31．A.jumped B．wandered
C．ran D．walked
解析：选D　考查动词。根据常识判断，上山应该是走着上山，故选择D。
32．A.Immediately B．Surely
C．Finally D．Hopefully
解析：选C　考查副词。根据下文的“late in the afternoon they found themselves at the ________ of a mountain successfully”可知，他们到达了山顶，故选择C，指“通过努力最终做成某事”。
33．A.bottom B．top
C．slope D．base
解析：选B　考查名词。根据常识，爬山最终的目标是爬到山顶，故选择B。
34．A.embarrassed B．moved
C．disturbed D．excited
解析：选D　考查形容词。embarrassed“尴尬的”；moved“感动的”；disturbed“受到打扰的，不安的”；excited“兴奋的”。通过上文可知，作者的两个朋友很希望爬完所有的山，故此时虽然疲倦却也兴奋，所以选择D。
35．A.admired B．checked
C．saw D．appreciated
解析：选C　考查动词。根据下文的宾语“another higher mountain”以及上文的“looked across the valley”可知，他们看见了另一座更高的山，故选择C。
36．A.strange B．wrong
C.distant D．steep
解析：选B　考查形容词。通过下文的“put their error right”可知，他们爬错了山，故选择B。
37．A.late B．dangerous
C．puzzling D．helpless
解析：选A　考查形容词。根据下文的“They had to ________ another four months to climb the right mountain”可知，他们四个月后才爬了正确的山，故这个周末太迟了，所以选择A。
38．A.save B．wait
C.gain D．put
解析：选B　考查动词。根据上文可知，他们爬错了山，但是那个周末已经来不及再爬了，故他们又等待了四个月，选择B。
39．A.sends B．tells
C．recommends D．teaches
解析：选D　考查动词。根据下文的“________ us a good lesson”可知，选择D，构成短语teach sb. a good lesson意为“给某人一个教训”。句意：这个故事给了我们一个教训。
40．A.easy B．hard
C.annoying D．discouraging
解析：选A　考查形容词。根据上文可知，作者的朋友正是在没有指南针和地图的情况下爬错了山，故此处作者指的是没有正确的引导，容易走错路，选择A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
When I was ten years old, I broke my arm. My parents were really busy with their work, so they took me to my __41__ (grandparent) and asked my grandma to help look after me.
At that time my grandma __42__ (teach) at a school which was just a few miles from her house. Every day while we were getting __43__ (dress), my grandpa would prepare our lunch and pack it __44__ a brown paper grocery bag.
I will always remember the first day __45__ my grandma set out the huge lunch on the table for her and me. I knew we could never eat it all. Then I heard my grandma call a boy over to the table, __46__ (say), “Mr. Turner packed this lunch, but we can’t eat it all. Do you think you could help us？” The boy __47__ (quick) answered he could. Several days later, I learned that the boy often didn’t bring any lunch to school __48__ his family was very poor. My grandma often brought more food than we could eat __49__ (feed) that boy.
Now fifteen years later, my grandma has passed away, but her actions still encourage me to help __50__ poor.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了奶奶总是多带食物给一个因家里穷不带午餐的男孩吃的善举。奶奶的善举鼓舞作者热心地帮助穷人。
41．grandparents’　作者手臂受伤，父母工作太忙没时间照顾他，因此把作者送到祖父母家。英语中，表示“某人的家、某商店、某诊所”等，常用该名词的所有格表示而省去所修饰的名词。因为grandparents是以-s结尾的复数名词，故其后加“’”。
42．was teaching/taught　作者的奶奶那时在离家几英里路远的学校当老师。根据at that time“在那时”，这里可以用一般过去时，陈述过去的一件事实或过去进行时，表示过去某一段时间一直在做某事。
43．dressed　get dressed是“get＋adj.”的用法，dressed是过去分词充当形容词，表示“穿好衣服的”。
44．in(to)　句意：在我们穿衣打扮的时候，爷爷准备了吃的，并且打包在一个褐色购物纸袋里。pack ... (up) in(to)“把……打包到……”。
45．when　句意：我将永远记得第一天，那时奶奶把一大包给我们俩吃的午餐放在桌子上。先行词为“the first day”，关系词在从句中作时间状语。故用关系副词when。
46．saying　作者听到奶奶叫过来一个男孩，说要他帮忙把这一大包食物吃完。动词say作伴随状语，与“my grandma”构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用say的现在分词形式。
47．quickly　修饰动词answer应该用副词。
48．because　作者得知，因为家里很穷，那个男孩总是不带午餐到学校。后句与前句之间是逻辑上的因果关系。
49．to feed　奶奶经常带很多的食物，“我们”总是吃不完。奶奶这样做，目的是把吃不完的食物给那个男孩吃。空格前后含有逻辑上的目的关系。故用动词不定式结构。
50．the　十五年以后，奶奶虽然去世了，但是她的善举鼓励“我”继续帮助穷人。英语中，“the＋形容词”表示一类人。
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
When I first learn to write in English, I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate into my own language everything which I came across while I was reading. My teacher advised myself to keep a diary. I followed his advices and put down 100 words or so each day.
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself as I was learning to express myself with simple English. One day I wrote a story and showed to my teacher. He liked it very much that he read it to the class. All said that the story was good one. Their words were a great encouragement to me.
答案：第一句：learn→learned; much→many
第二句：which→that
第三句：myself→me
第四句：advices→advice
第五句：talk→talking; with→in
第六句：showed后加it
第七句：very→so
第八句：good前加a
Ⅵ.书面表达(共1题；满分25分)
假设你是李华，在准备出国留学时遇到了一些困难，打算求助英语外教Peter，但是他有事回国了。请按照以下要点，给他写一封电子邮件。
写作要点：
1．问候Peter回国后的情况；
2．说明你遇到的困难；
3．请Peter写一封推荐信。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
How is everything going now? You’ve been away for more than one month, and we all miss you very much.
I’m writing here to ask you for some help. I once told you that I dreamed of studying abroad after graduating from high school. Recently, I have been preparing to apply to an American university, which troubles me a lot. With a lot of factors to take into consideration, I hesitate over how to choose a suitable university. What’s more, in the process of preparing required materials, I have difficulty in writing a personal statement. Could you give me some suggestions about them? Besides, would you please write a recommendation letter for me?
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua