宾语从句的精讲精练（含答案）

中学英语
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[宾语从句歌诀]
　　宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
　　展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
　　主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
　　陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
　　特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
　　三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
　　留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
　　[歌诀解码]
　　一、三姊妹
　　宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
　　1.
由that引导的宾语从句。如：
　　We
knew
（that）we
should
learn
from
each
other.
　　2.
由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：
　　Please
tell
me
if/whether
you
have
been
to
America.
　　3.
由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
　　Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
nearest
post
office？
　　二、三关
　　1.
引导词关
　　如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
　　2.
语序关
　　①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
　　He
is
an
honest
boy.
The
teacher
said.
→The
teacher
said（that）he
was
an
honest
boy.
　　②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
　　Does
he
work
hard？I
wonder.
→
I
wonder
if/whether
he
works
hard.
　　When
did
he
leave？I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
when
he
left.
　　3.
时态关
　　①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
　　I
have
heard（that）he
will
come
back
next
week.
　　②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：
　　He
said（that）there
were
no
classes
yesterday.
　　注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：
　　He
said
that
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.
　　三、人称的变化和标点的使用
　　1.
从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
　　“May
I
use
your
knife？”He
asked
me.
→He
asked
me
if
he
might
use
my
knife.
　　“Do
you
know
her
telephone
number？”He
asked
me.
→He
asked
me
if
I
know
her
telephone
number.
　　2.
宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
　　Who
will
give
us
a
talk？I
don’t
know.
→I
don’t
know
who
will
give
us
a
talk.
　　Do
you
know？Where
does
he
live？→Do
you
know
where
he
lives？
　　四、两副面孔
　　if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：
　　If
it
rains
tomorrow，I
won’t
come.（时间状语从句）
　　I
don’t
know
if
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
（宾语从句）
　　五、从句的简化
　　1.
当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
　　She
found
that
the
wallet
lay/was
lying
on
the
ground.
→She
found
the
wallet
lie/lying
on
the
ground.
　　2.
当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
　　She
agreed
that
she
could
help
me
with
my
maths.
→She
agreed
to
help
me
with
my
maths.
　　3.
在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
　　Can
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
station？→Can
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
station？
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These
flowers
are
from
Guangdong.
He
said.
He
said
_______
these
flowers
_______
from
Guangdong.
2.
Light
travels
faster
than
sound.
My
teacher
told
me.
My
teacher
told
me
_____
light
_______
faster
than
sound.
3．There
will
be
a
meeting
in
five
days.
Jack
didn’t
know.
Jack
didn’t
know
_____
there
_____
____
a
meeting
in
five
days.
4．Can
they
speak
French
I
want
to
know.
I
want
to
know
______
_______
_______
_______
French.
5．Are
the
children
playing
games
Tell
me.
Tell
me
______
the
children
______
______
games.
6．Have
you
finished
your
homework
yet
Mr.
Zhao
asked
Ma
Gang.
Mr.
Zhao
asked
Ma
Gang
____
_____
____
____
___
homework
yet.
7．How
many
people
can
you
see
in
the
picture
Who
knows
Who
knows
______
_____
_____
____
_____
______
in
the
picture
8．Where
did
she
park
her
car
Do
you
know
Do
you
know
_____
_____
____
her
car
9．What
does
he
often
talk
about
The
girl
wondered.
The
girl
wondered
_____
_____
often
________
about.
10．Who
knocked
at
the
door
so
loudly
I
don’t
know.
I
don’
t
know
____
_______
at
the
door
so
loudly.
11.
Does
he
still
live
in
that
street
I
don't
know.
I
don't
know
______
he
still
_______
in
that
street.
12.
What's
his
name
I
asked
him.
I
asked
him
what
_____
_____
_____.
13.
When
does
the
train
arrive
Please
tell
me.
Please
tell
me
________
_________
________
_________.
14.
Do
they
want
fried
chicken
He
asked
the
boys.
He
asked
the
boys
_______
they
______
fried
chicken.
15.
Was
the
watch
made
in
Shanghai
I
don't
know.
I
don't
know
_______
the
watch
_______
made
in
Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
(
)
1.
What
did
Mike
say
He
said
____________________.
A.
if
you
are
free
the
next
week
B.
what
colour
was
it
C.
the
weather
is
fine
D.
summer
comes
after
spring
(
)
2.
Tom
asked
my
friend
________________.
A.
where
was
he
from
B.
that
the
earth
is
bigger
than
the
moon
C.
when
did
he
come
back
D.
not
to
be
so
angry
(
)
3.
Let
me
tell
you
__________________.
A.
how
much
is
the
car
B.
how
much
does
the
car
cost
C.
how
much
did
I
pay
for
the
car
D.
how
much
I
spent
on
the
car
(
)
4.
Peter
knew
_______________.
A.
whether
he
has
finished
reading
the
book
B.
why
the
boy
had
so
many
questions
C.
there
were
12
months
in
a
year
D.
when
they
will
leave
for
Paris
(
)5.
Could
you
tell
me
___________
　
A.
where
do
you
live
　
B.
who
you
are
waiting
for
　
C.
who
were
you
waiting
for
D.
where
you
live
in
(
)6.
I
can't
understand
______the
boy
alone.
　
A.
why
she
left
　
B.
why
did
she
leave
　C.
why
she
had
left　
D.
why
had
she
left
(
)7.
She
told
me
the
sun
______
in
the
east.
　
A.
rise
　B.
rose
　C.
rises
　D.
had
risen
(
)8.I
don't
know
________
up
so
early
last
Sunday.
A.
why
did
he
get
B.why
he
gets
C.why
does
he
get
D.
why
he
got
(
)9.
The
manager
came
up
to
see
__________.
　
A.
what
was
the
matter
　B.
what
the
matter
was
C.
what
the
matter
is
D.
what's
the
matter
(
)10.
He
asked
his
father
_______.
　
A.
where
it
happens
B.
where
did
it
happen
　
C.
how
it
happened
D.
how
did
it
happen
(
)11.
No
one
tells
us______,
so
we
need
your
help.
　
A.
how
we
should
do
B.
what
should
we
do
　
C.
how
to
do
it
D.
what
to
do
it
(
)12.
Could
you
please
teach
me
_______
the
computer.
how
check
B.
to
check
C.
how
to
check
D.
to
how
checking
(
)13.They
don't
know
_______their
parents
are.
A
that
B
what
C
why
D
which
(
)14.
─Where
do
you
think
______
he
_____
the
TV
set
─
Sorry,
I've
no
idea.
　
A./,
bought
B.
has,
bought
C.
did,
buy
D.
did
bought
(
)
15.
Our
homework
has
changed
a
lot.
Who
can
tell
_____
it
would
be
like
in
_____
five
years.
how,
another B.
what,
more
C.
how
,other D.
what,
another
(
)16.
─
Could
you
tell
me
______
─
Yes.
He
____
to
the
USA.
　
A.
where
is
he/
has
been
B.
where
he
is/
has
gone
　
C.
where
was
he/
has
been
D.
where
he
was/
has
gone
(
)17.
─Mike
wants
to
know
if
____
a
picnic
tomorrow.
　
─Yes.
But
if
it
_______,
we'll
visit
the
museum
instead.
　
A.
you
have/
will
rain
B.
you
will
have/
will
rain
　
C.
you
will
have/
rains
D.
will
you
have/
rains
(
)18.
I
really
don't
know
if
she
_______
it
when
she
________.
　
A.
finds/
arrives
B.
finds/
will
arrive
C.
will
find/
will
arrive
D.
will
find/
arrives
(
)19.Miss
Liu
said
______
she
would
leave
the
message
on
the
headmaster”s
desk.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
(
)20.
He
asked
me
_______.
A.
who
will
kick
the
first
goal
in
the
World
Cup
B.
when
was
the
APEC
meeting
held
C.
when
China
became
a
member
of
the
WTO
D.
where
the
2008
Olympics
will
be
held
(
)21.
In
the
bookshop
,
a
reader
asked
the
shopkeeper
______
Who
Moved
My
Cheese
was
an
interesting
book.
A.
that
B.
how
C.
what
D.
if
(
)22.
You
must
remember
_______.
A.
what
your
teacher
said
B.
what
did
your
teacher
say
C.
your
teacher
said
what
D.
what
has
your
teacher
said
(
)23.
I
don”t
know
______
.
A.
which
room
I
can
live
B.
which
room
can
I
live
C.
which
room
I
can
live
in
D.
which
room
can
I
live
in
(
)24.－－Do
you
know
when
he
______
back

－－Sorry
,
I
don’t
.
When
he
_______back
,
I’ll
tell
you
.
A.
comes
;
comes
B.
comes
;
will
come
C.
will
come
;
comes
D.
will
come
;
will
come
(
)25
The
girls
asked
if
they
____
some
food
and
drink
with
them.
A.
took
B.
take
C.
takes
D.
will
take
(
)26
Mary
said
that
she
___
to
Guangzhou.
A.
has
never
gone
B.
had
never
gone
C.
has
never
been
D.
had
never
been
(
)27
The
students
want
to
know
whether
they___
a
PE
class
today.
A.
had
B.
has
C.
will
have
D.
are
(
)28.
Can
you
tell
me___
you
were
born,
Betty
A.
who
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
(
)29.I
don't
know
___
they
have
passed
the
exam.
A.
what
B.
if
C.
when
D.
where
(
)30.
Do
you
know
_____
they
listened
to
yesterday
evening
A.
what
B
when
C
why
D
how
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1.
Jim
told
me
____
he
didn't
go
fishing
yesterday
afternoon.（how,
why）
2.
Do
you
know
______
else
is
going
to
be
on
duty
today？（who,
whom）
3.
She
said
_____
it
wouldn't
matter
much.（that,
if）
4.
He
always
thinks
______
he
can
do
better.（how,
who）
5.
I
really
don't
know
________
the
bridge
will
be
finished.（how
long,
how
soon）
6.
They
don't
know
_______
to
go
or
wait.
(if,
whether)
7.
We
are
talking
about
______
we’ll
go
back
tomorrow.
(whether,
if)
8.
I
was
really
surprised
at
______
I
saw.
(where,
what)
9.
I
don't
know
____
so
many
people
are
looking
at
him.
(how,
why)
10.
Do
you
know
______
you
are
studying
for
(why,
what)
四、句型转换。
1.
“Do
you
want
to
try
it ”
Tom's
mother
asked
him.(同义句)→
Tom's
mother
asked
him
_______
_______
______
to
try
it.
2.
I
think
this
is
a
good
idea.（改为否定句）
→
I
_______
________
this
________
a
good
idea.
3.
Lucy
hasn't
decided
which
trousers
to
buy.（改为复合句）
→
　
Lucy
hasn't
decided
________
_________
________
_______
buy.
4.
I
don't
know
how
I
can
get
to
the
hospital.（改为简单句）
→
　
I
don't
know
________
________
________
to
the
hospital.
5.
I
don’t
suppose
they
will
come,
_______
______

(改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.
We
are
sure
that
he
________
(go)
to
school
tomorrow.
2.
Do
you
know
who
______
(be)
the
first
man
to
walk
on
the
moon
3.
Could
you
tell
me
where
the
post
office
______
(is)
4.
Our
father
said
that
he
_______
(will)
buy
a
new
computer.
5.
I
hear
that
he
_______
(swim)
in
the
sea
yesterday.
6.
The
little
boy
tells
us
where
his
father
_______
(work).
7.
He
said
that
he
_________
(finish)
his
work
already.
8.
They
thought
they
could
_______
(hike)
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
9.
He
was
glad
that
so
many
people
_____
(help)
him.
10.
She
doesn’t
know
whether
________
(go)
or
wait.
宾语从句参考答案：
一、1.that,
were
2.that,
travels
3.that,
would
be
4.if/whether
they
can
speak
5.if/whether,
are
playing
6.if/whether
he
had
finished
his
7.
how
many
people
you
can
see
8.where
she
parked
9.what
he,
talked
10.who
knocked
11.if/whether,
lives
12.his
name
was
14.if/whether,
wanted
15.if/whether,
was
二、1—5:
DDDBB
6—10:ACDBC
11—15:CCBAD
16—20:BCDAC
21—25:DACCA
26—30:DCCBA
三、1.why
2.who
3.that
4.how
5.how
soon
6.whether
7.whether
8.what
9.why
10.what
四、1.if/whether
he
wanted
2.don’t
think,
is
3.which
trousers
she
can
4.how
to
get
5.will
they
五、1.will
go
2.was
3.
is
4.would
5.swam
6.works
7.had
finished
8.hike
9.helped
10.to
go