定语从句的精讲与精练（含答案）

定语从句的用法和精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,
which,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where,
when,
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.
that
既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary
likes
music
that
is
quiet
and
gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )。(that作主语)

The
coat
(that)
I
put
on
the
desk
is
blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The
building
which
stands
near
the
train
station
is
a
supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The
film
(which)
we
saw
last
night
was
wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who,
whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,
也可省略。例如:

The
girl
who
often
helps
me
with
my
English
is
from
England.经常在英语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who
is
the
teacher
(whom)
Li
Ming
is
talking
to
正在与李明谈话的老师
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )是谁 (作宾语)

注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,
that,
which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This
is
the
house
in
which
we
lived
last
year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please
tell
me
from
whom
you
borrowed
the
English
novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com"
\t
"_blank"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

This
is
the
person
whom
you
are
looking
for.
这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that
作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

The
city
that
she
lives
in
is
very
far
away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He
was
the
first
person
that
passed
the
exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all,
any,
much,
many,
everything,
anything,
none,
the
one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is
there
anything
that
you
want
to
buy
in
the
shop
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗

c.先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last,
little,
few
等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This
is
the
same
bike
that
I
lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.
先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,
而不用which.例如:

I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Who
is
the
girl
that
is
crying
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁

f.主句是there
be
结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

There
is
a
book
on
the
desk
that
belongs
to
Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that
的情况:

a.先行词为that,
those时,用which,
而不用that.例如:

What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,
而不用that.例如:

Tom
came
back,
which
made
us
happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This
was
the
time
when
he
arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This
is
place
where
he
works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why
指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody
knows
the
reason
why
he
is
often
late
for
school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

共2

I.单项填空。

1.
-Do
you
know
the
man
______is
talking
with
your
father

-Yes,
he’s
our
headmaster.

A.
he
B.
who
C.
which
D.
whom

2.
Is
this
the
river
_____I
can
swim

A.
which
B.
in
which
C.
that
D.
the
one

3.
This
is
the
best
hotel
in
the
city
_____I
know.

A.
where
B.
which
C.
that
D.
it

4.
Can
you
lend
me
the
dictionary
______the
other
day

A.
that
you
bought
B.
you
bought
it

C.
that
you
bought
it
D.
which
you
bought
it

5.
Anyone
______with
what
I
said
may
put
up
you
hands.

A.
which
agrees
B.
who
agree

C.
who
agrees
D.
which
agree
6.
My
watch
is
not
the
only
thing
______
is
missing.

A.
that
B.
it
C.
which
who

7.
The
man
______coat
is
black
is
waiting
at
the
gate

A.
who’s
B.
whose
C.
that
of
which.

8.
The
girl
______
is
reading
under
the
tree
_____my
sister.

A.
which;
is
B.
whom;
was
C.
who;
is
D.
who;
was

9.
I
love
places
______the
people
are
really
friendly.

A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
who

10.
The
world
______
is
made
up
of
matter.

A.
in
that
we
live
B.
on
which
we
live

C.
where
we
live
in
D.
we
live
in

Ⅱ.
用适当的关系代词that,
which,
who,
whom填空。

1.
The
first
thing
______you
must
do
is
to
have
a
meal.

2.
April
1st
is
the
day
_____is
called
April
Fool’s
Day
in
the
west.

3.
The
family
_____had
lost
everything
in
a
big
fire
got
much
help
from
their
friends.

4.
The
house
_____we
live
in
is
very
old.

5.
Didn’t
you
see
the
man
______I
talked
with
just
now
定语从句
参考答案:

I.
1-5BBCAC
6-10
ABCCD

Ⅱ.
1.
that
2.
which
/
that
3.
who
/
that
4.
that
/
which
5.
who/
whom/
that